U.S. patent number 3,845,638 [Application Number 05/373,669] was granted by the patent office on 1974-11-05 for plate refrigeration air system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Dole Refrigerating Company. Invention is credited to Joseph P. Apple, Jr., William E. Lauterbach.
United States Patent |
3,845,638 |
Apple, Jr. , et al. |
November 5, 1974 |
PLATE REFRIGERATION AIR SYSTEM
Abstract
An air distribution system for a vehicle eutectic holdover
refrigeration plate unit provides defined air passages with both
the air inlets and the air discharge being positioned at the upper
end of the plates. The air passages direct the air flowing through
the plate construction in such a manner that substantially all of
the plate surface is wiped uniformly by the moving air. The
resulting design, wherein the holdover plates are contained in a
housing open only at the top inlets and top discharge, has many
practical operating advantages.
Inventors: |
Apple, Jr.; Joseph P.
(Arlington Heights, IL), Lauterbach; William E. (Evanston,
IL) |
Assignee: |
Dole Refrigerating Company
(Chicago, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
23473362 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/373,669 |
Filed: |
June 26, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
62/426; 62/96;
62/419; 62/439; 62/406; 62/430 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F25D
3/00 (20130101); F25D 17/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F25D
17/06 (20060101); F25D 3/00 (20060101); F25d
017/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;62/96,426,419,406,430,439 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wye; William J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Kinzer, Plyer, Dorn &
McEachran
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or
privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. In a vehicle eutectic plate refrigeration system, a cover, at
least one eutectic plate positioned within said cover, said cover
being closed on the bottom, sides, front and rear, an air inlet and
an air discharge adjacent the upper end of said cover, power means
positioned to force air out of said air discharge, and air passage
means within said cover and associated with said plate defining air
passages which extend from said air inlet adjacent the top of said
cover, down along a portion of the plate to the bottom of the plate
and then upwardly along a different portion of the plate to the air
discharge, said air passage means being substantially coextensive
with said plate whereby substantially all of the plate surface is
wiped by air moving in said air passage means and the moving air is
in contact with said plate through substantially its entire path
from said air inlet to said discharge.
2. The structure of claim 1 further characterized in that the air
discharge is located generally centrally with air inlets on either
side of the air discharge.
3. The structure of claim 2 further characterized in that the
downwardly and upwardly air passages within the cover are generally
parallel.
4. The structure of claim 1 further characterized by and including
a space beneath the plate and above the bottom of the cover forming
a portion of said defined air passages.
5. The structure of claim 1 further characterized in that the air
passage area directly below the air discharge is formed by
generally parallel extended areas on said plate surface.
6. The structure of claim 1 further characterized in that there are
a plurality of plates positioned within the cover, the air
discharge being located generally centrally of the cover, and the
plate portions directly below the air discharge having extended
areas.
7. The structure of claim 6 further characterized in that the
extended areas of adjacent plates are in contact with each other,
with said contacting portions defining a plurality of generally
parallel air passages directly below the air discharge.
8. The structure of claim 7 further characterized by and including
seal means between the cover and the plates for defining a portion
of said air passage means.
9. The structure of claim 1 further characterized in that said
cover includes a discharge plate, forming said discharge opening,
said power means including a blower attached to the back side of
said discharge plate.
10. The structure of claim 9 further characterized in that said
discharge plate is hinged to the cover.
11. The structure of claim 1 further characterized in that there
are a pair of air inlets on opposite sides of the air discharge,
said air discharge being positioned generally midway between said
air inlets, and seal means positioned between the plate and cover
dividing the space between the plate and cover into a plurality of
separate parallel air passages.
12. The structure of claim 11 further characterized in that said
seal means extend vertically from adjacent the plate bottom to
adjacent the plate top.
13. The structure of claim 12 further characterized in that said
seal means are generally in alignment with the inner portion of
said air inlets.
Description
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a vehicle eutectic plate holdover
refrigeration system and in particular to a means for moving air
through such a system to provide more efficient cooling and more
effective operation.
A primary purpose of the present invention is an eutectic plate
system which can maintain the material being refrigerated at lower
temperatures than heretofore possible.
Another purpose is an eutectic plate system utilizing a lower
temperature eutectic for a greater plate-to-air temperature
difference and a correspondingly greater cooling capacity.
Another purpose is an eutectic plate system including an improved
air distribution means for wiping air more uniformly and at a
higher velocity over the surface of refrigeration plates.
Another purpose is an eutectic plate system of the type described
in which frost accumulating areas are readily accessible for
inspection by the operator.
Another purpose is an eutectic plate system which takes into
consideration the fact that the frost tends to accumulate at the
inlet areas, leaving the outlet areas relatively frost-free.
Another purpose is an eutectic plate system of the type described
in which most of the frost accumulates in those areas which are the
first to defrost as frozen eutectic is depleted or as water
defrosting is accomplished as taught in U.S. Pat. No.
3,727,422.
Another purpose is an eutectic plate system of the type described
utilizing corrugated or extended surfaces to increase the effective
heat transfer area for a greater cooling capacity.
Another purpose is an eutectic plate system in which the air
discharge and air return are at the top of the plate system,
adjacent the warmest air within the space being cooled.
Another purpose is an eutectic refrigeration system of a cold well
configuration which prevents gravity air flow down through the unit
and out of the bottom when the blower is off, thus eliminating
danger of freezing product overnight and precluding waste of
holdover refrigeration at a delivery stop when the truck body door
is open.
Another purpose is an eutectic plate system utilizing squirrel-cage
blowers to provide a high-velocity well-defined cold air stream
that will travel the length of a long truck body.
Another purpose is an eutectic plate system of the type described
utilizing a lower temperature eutectic and providing substantially
colder air without any change in the compressor horsepower and
negligible change in the BTU capacity by employing R-502 instead of
R-12 refrigerant.
Another purpose is an eutectic plate system with the air inlet at
the top instead of at the bottom which allows the space-saving
stacking of product against the unit without blocking the air
intake.
Another purpose is an eutectic plate system in which defrost water
is directed to trapped drains within the confines of the unit.
Other purposes will appear in the ensuing specification, drawings
and claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is illustrated diagrammatically in the following
drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a view of a eutectic holdover refrigeration system of the
type described,
FIG. 2 is a section along plane 2--2 of FIG. 1, and
FIG. 3 is a partial vertical section illustrating the attachment of
the blower to the plate cover.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention relates generally to an eutectic plate
holdover system of the type shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,875,595. In
particular, the invention relates to an improved means for
distributing air over the surface of the plates and to a design
which allows the utilization of holdover plates with lower
temperature eutectic, for more efficient cooling of the
refrigerated space.
The plate structure shown includes an outer cover, generally
indicated at 10, having sides 12 and 14, a back 16, a front 18,
partially cut away in FIG. 1, and a bottom 20. The cover may
conventionally be made out of sheet metal as is common in the
refrigeration field. The front portion of the cover 18 may be
insulated on the inside to prevent freezing of product that might
be stacked in close proximity. The support structure for the plates
and cover includes corner supports 22 and a pair of spaced bottom
supports, one of which is indicated at 24 in FIG. 1. The support
structure also includes generally centrally located upright braces
26, there being four such braces illustrated in FIG. 2.
Positioned within the cover are a plurality, in this case two,
eutectic holdover plates indicated at 28 and 30. The plates may be
similar to those shown in the above-mentioned patent and are
supported on cross braces 27 mounted on bottom supports 24. The
plates are positioned within the cover and so arranged relative to
one another and to the cover to define vertically extending air
passages between the plates and between the outside surfaces of the
plates and the cover. As indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the central
section of each of the plates may have an extended or corrugated
area 32, positioned on each side of each plate, and suitably formed
of aluminum or a material having suitable heat transfer
characteristics. The oppositely-directed extended areas 32 of the
plates 28 and 30 are in contact with one another to define a
plurality of vertically-extending air passages indicated at 34 and
36. Attached to each of the vertical braces 26 are small seal
members 38 which form a seal between the plate outer surfaces and
the cover to define the outer air passages within the cover.
Centrally positioned at the top of the cover is an air discharge
assembly 40, mounted at the upper end of the upright braces 26. On
opposite sides of the discharge assembly 40, the top of the cover
is open to provide air inlets or air intake openings indicated at
42. The air to be cooled will be drawn in through the openings 42,
and will pass downwardly as indicated by arrows 44 in the space
between the plates and the cover, indicated at 46 in FIG. 2, and in
the space 48 between the plates, again as indicated in FIG. 2. Once
the air has reached the bottom of the cover it will follow the
paths of arrows 50 and will pass between the bottom of the plates
and the bottom of the cover, and then start its upward path in the
direction of arrows 52. When the air is moving upwardly toward the
discharge assembly 40, it will be confined to the various small air
passages 34 and 36 described above. When the air has reached the
top of the cover, it will be discharged from the discharge assembly
40. In effect, the air has been confined to follow a predetermined
path, from the air intake at the top, down the sides of the plates,
and then up the center of the plates to the air discharge at the
top. Of particular importance is the fact that both the air intake
and the air discharge are at the upper surface of the plates and
also that substantially the entire surfaces of the plates are wiped
uniformly by the moving air.
The discharge assembly 40 includes a housing 54, having a hinged
front door 56. The door 56 has a pair of discharge openings 58
positioned in front of squirrel cage blowers 59 and on opposite
sides of dual shaft blower motor 60. The blower may be operated by
suitable electric power, the details of which are not shown.
However, it is important to note that a blower is used as the means
for moving air through the plate system, rather than a propeller or
fan-type blade.
In operation, air will be drawn in through the upper air inlets 42,
and will be moved downwardly across the plate surfaces, as
indicated by the arrows 44. Note that the air will be drawn
generally directly down into the plates and thus will uniformly
wipe substantial portions of the plates and will leave only rather
minute areas at the lower outside corners of the plates in contact
with slower moving air. When the air has reached the bottom, it
will follow the paths of arrows 50 and will then flow upwardly with
increased velocity across the extended areas 32, along the paths of
arrows 52, and then outwardly through the air discharge openings
58, positioned at the top of the plate.
Prior holdover eutectic plate systems were so constructed that the
air inlet was at the bottom and the air discharge was at the top.
This was advantageous in that the cold air was discharged in the
area of the warmest air, at the top of a truck body. However, a
major disadvantage of such a system was that during periods when
the blower was shut off by a thermostat, for example when the truck
was sitting overnight with a full load, the cold air within the
plate system flowed by gravity out of the bottom air inlet openings
and oftentimes would freeze the product being stored adjacent the
bottom openings. The present invention overcomes this disadvantage
by having the air inlets at the top in alignment with the air
discharge, thus creating a cold air trap within the cover. A major
advantage which is obtained by the present arrangement, beyond
overcoming the disadvantage described above, is that the air inlets
pull in air from the warm strata adjacent the upper surface of the
body being cooled, rather than pulling in the cool air at the
bottom. In addition, by having the air inlets on opposite sides of
the centrally positioned air discharge, as contrasted to the
previous construction in which the air intake was at the bottom
beneath the air discharge, the air is forced into the particular
pattern shown in the drawings and thus almost the entire area of
the plate surface is wiped uniformly by the moving air. In prior
constructions in which the air intake was at the bottom, there
could be substantial areas of the plate which received little or no
moving air and thus were much less effective in the heat transfer
process.
Of importance in the invention is the fact that the areas which
initially receive the moist air to be cooled, the upper areas of
the plates will accumulate most of the frost and are the areas
which are easily visible to the operator. Thus, the operator can
quickly determine when defrosting is necessary. In prior
constructions the air inlet was adjacent hidden areas of the plate
and hence the operator did not know when it was necessary to
defrost the plates and thus could only guess. The moist air which
is brought into the plate system will deposit most of its moisture
where it first strikes the plates. Thus it is highly advantageous
to have the air inlets in areas which are readily accessible to the
operator so he can determine when it is necessary to start a
defrosting operation. Also, defrosting begins at the top of the
plates, thus the areas to be defrosted are the areas which will
primarily receive defrosting liquid, if that is the process being
used. In addition, the extended areas 32 will be relatively
frost-free at all times because the air will be substantially dry
when it reaches this portion of the plate. Thus, the last part of
the air passages will be relatively frost-free and there will be a
high degree of heat transfer as the air passes over the extended
areas 32. It is advantageous to have such extended areas as they
provide substantially increased surface for transfer of heat
between the air and the plate surface. Although the extended
surfaces are shown here in a corrugated configuration, it is
understood that other configurations could be used for providing
additional heat transfer surface.
The closed bottom provides a convenient trap for the defrosting
liquid so that it may be removed in a suitable manner, and not out
on the truck body floor.
The air circulation pattern within the truck body to be cooled will
be at the particular strata where the warmest air is located. Thus,
the air from the discharge openings 58 will be directed outwardly
and by using a squirrel cage blower rather than a propeller fan,
there will be a very carefully defined high velocity stream of cold
air moving down the center of the body to be cooled. There will be
an air circulation pattern in a horizontal strata with the cold air
coming out of the center and the warm air being drawn along the
sides toward the air intakes 42. It has been found that there is
only about an 8.degree. dispersion with the use of a squirrel cage
blower, as contrasted to the rather wide angle cone-shaped air
pattern when a propeller is used to move air out of the plate unit.
Thus, there is provided a confined high velocity stream of cold air
moving out into the area to be cooled which will force warmer air
along the sides of the body toward the air inlets 42.
Within the plate system, the velocity of the air is relatively
constant in the downward flow air passages and increases in the
upward flow air passage, as there are not obstructions and the air
is rapidly moved over the entire plate surface.
The present invention has enabled the use of a substantially lower
temperature eutectic than that previously used. For example, a zero
degree eutectic is now possible and it is also advantageous to now
use an R-502 low temperature condensing unit rather than the
previously-used R-12 medium temperature condensing unit. This
change in condensing units enables the operator to freeze the
eutectic, to a lower temperature, in approximately the same length
of time as was possible with a higher temperature eutectic, with no
significant change in the BTU capacity and no change in the
horsepower of the condensing unit.
The air discharge assembly 40 will normally be positioned at the
top of the truck body being cooled. As shown in the drawings, it is
positioned directly at the upper end of the plates, but this will
not always be true. If there is sufficient space between the top of
the plates and the top of the body being cooled, the discharge unit
40 may be connected by a suitable sheet metal conduit or the like
so that it is positioned directly at the top of the body. In this
way, the cold air will not be obstructed by any product being
stored within the body and the very warmest air, that at the top of
the body, will be drawn into the air inlets as it is moved aside by
the cold air discharge.
It has been found that with the present invention it is possible to
maintain the temperature of milk, as an example, in a truck body
for a long delivery day at a maximum temperature of 40.degree.,
which is the temperature that at least one state is now prescribing
as the maximum permissible milk delivery temperature. Delivery
trucks, with constant opening of the truck door, create many
problems for refrigeration systems. However, it has been found that
the present system will maintain the milk temperature at a maximum
fo 40.degree., and of will permit the refrigeration unit to be
operated in an efficient manner.
With the use of a blower and carefully defined air passages, the
velocity of air through the plate system is greatly increased, thus
permitting the plate system to quickly reduce body temperature
after a door opening. In addition, by having the cold air trapped
within the cover, when the truck body door is opened and the blower
is off, there will be no loss of cold air out the bottom and hence
no waste of the stored refrigeration capacity.
Whereas the preferred form of the invention has been shown and
described herein, it should be realized that there may be many
modifications, substitutions and alterations thereto.
* * * * *