U.S. patent number 3,844,697 [Application Number 05/164,073] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-29 for tendon anchorage assembly with threaded support member for concrete formwork.
Invention is credited to Hugh J. W. Edwards.
United States Patent |
3,844,697 |
Edwards |
October 29, 1974 |
TENDON ANCHORAGE ASSEMBLY WITH THREADED SUPPORT MEMBER FOR CONCRETE
FORMWORK
Abstract
An anchorage assembly including an anchor having a hollow
housing and means therein for engaging a stressing tendon passing
therethrough. The assembly includes a hollow member removably
attached to the anchor housing and to the concrete formwork and
fixing the relative position of the anchor housing to the formwork.
The member surrounds the tendon between the anchor housing and the
formwork and is adapted and arranged to be detached from the anchor
housing after the concrete has set. A cavity forming spacer is
provided which surrounds the member and is disposed between and
seals against the anchor housing and the formwork to form a cavity
in the concrete. The spacer is adapted and arranged to be removed
from around the member after the concrete has set.
Inventors: |
Edwards; Hugh J. W. (Cobham,
EN) |
Family
ID: |
26860239 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/164,073 |
Filed: |
July 19, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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755577 |
Aug 27, 1968 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
425/111; 249/217;
52/701; 52/223.13 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04C
5/12 (20130101); B28B 23/043 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B28B
23/04 (20060101); B28B 23/02 (20060101); E04C
5/12 (20060101); B28b 021/60 () |
Field of
Search: |
;249/205,207,210,213,215,216,219,48,50,40-43,217 ;24/126,124,26
;52/223,225,230 ;287/13A,20 ;425/111 ;285/162 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Baldwin; Robert D.
Assistant Examiner: McQuade; John
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Baldwin; George H. Yeager; Arthur
G.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 755,577,
filed Aug. 27, 1968, now abandoned.
Claims
What is claimed as new and what it is desired to secure by Letters
Patent of the United States is:
1. In an anchorage assembly including an anchor having a hollow,
continuous and leak proof housing and a stressing tendon passing
therethrough, said anchor including flange means attached to and
extending generally laterally outwardly of said housing, said
flange means fixing said anchor in concrete after setting thereof
whereby said anchor is inhibited from movement in a direction
inwardly of the concrete, gripping means within said hollow of said
housing for engaging the portion of said tendon in said housing,
the improvement comprising first means for supporting said housing
on a formwork and for forming a cavity in the concrete, said first
means including a member extending generally longitudinally of the
tendon for supportingly connecting between said housing and a
formwork, fixing means for attaching said member to said housing,
said first means further including a spacer surrounding said member
and disposed in sealing engagement with said housing and adapted to
be sealed against the formwork to prevent ingress of concrete
therebetween and for forming a cavity in concrete therebetween,
said member fixing the relative position of said housing to the
formwork and for urging said housing toward said spacer and sealing
said spacer to said housing and adapted to be sealed against the
formwork and adapted to extend through said cavity formed by
removal of said spacer.
2. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 1 wherein said
member is unitary and hollow and surrounds the tendon between said
housing and the formwork.
3. In an anchorage assembly including an anchor having a hollow
housing and a stressing tendon passing therethrough, said anchor
including flange means attached to and extending generally
laterally outwardly of said housing, said flange means fixing said
anchor in concrete after setting thereof whereby said anchor is
inhibited from movement in a direction inwardly of the concrete,
gripping means within said hollow of said housing for engaging the
portion of said tendon in said housing, the improvement comprising
first means for supporting said housing on a formwork and for
forming a cavity in the concrete, said first means including a
member extending generally longitudinally of the tendon for
supportingly connecting between said housing and a formwork, fixing
means for attaching said member to said housing, said first means
further including a spacer for forming a cavity in concrete between
said housing and formwork, said member fixing the relative position
of said anchor housing to the formwork and adapted to extend
through said cavity, and means engaged on said member for attaching
said member to the formwork.
4. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 3 wherein said
means engaged on said member is disposed externally of and bearing
against the surface of the formwork.
5. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 3 wherein said
means engaged on said member includes a restraining member for
urging said anchor housing toward the formwork with said spacer
being sealingly interposed between said anchor housing and the
formwork.
6. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 5 wherein said
spacer includes a concrete impervious hollow collar sealing against
said anchor housing and the formwork and surrounding said member
for forming a cavity in the concrete, said hollow collar being
adapted and arranged to be removed after setting of the concrete
and removal of the formwork.
7. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 3 wherein said
means engaged on said member for attaching said member to the
formwork is bearingly disposed against the outer surface of the
formwork, said means engaged on said member being adjustable along
the longitudinal axis of sai member to vary the distance between
said anchor housing said the formwork.
8. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 7 wherein said
means engaged on said member includes a threaded portion on said
member and a threaded nut on and engaged with said threaded portion
of said member, said nut providing a bearing against the outer
surface of the formwork adjacent the opening in the formwork
through which said threaded portion extends.
9. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 8 wherein said
threaded nut includes a slit, said nut being adapted to be
temporarily deformed to enlarge said slit to permit transverse
movement of said nut onto and around the stressing tendon and
thereafter to threadedly engage said threaded portion of said
member.
10. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 1 wherein said
spacer is a conical collar and positioned with its large end
portion adjacent the formwork and its small end portion adjacent
the rearward end portion of said housing.
11. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 1 wherein said
spacer is sealingly engaged with the outer end portion of said
anchor housing and sealable with the inner surface of the adjacent
formwork, said member squeezing said spacer between said housing
and the formwork to prevent concrete from entering the anchorage
assembly therebetween.
12. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 1 wherein said
spacer is formed of flexible material whereby said spacer is
readily removable from the concrete after the same has set.
13. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 1 wherein said
spacer includes a slit in the direction of the tendon, said spacer
being adapted to be temporarily deformed to enlarge said slit to
permit transverse movement of said spacer over and around said
member between said housing and the formwork, means for closing
said slit to substantially impede concrete from entering rearwardly
of the rearward end portion of said housing between the formwork
and said housing.
14. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 1 wherein said
fixing means includes anchor housing connecting means adjacent one
of the end portions of said housing and member connecting means
adjacent one of the end portions of said member, said connecting
means of said anchor housing and said member cooperating and
forming a removable connection therebetween.
15. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 14 wherein said
one housing end portion is its rearward end portion and said one
member end portion is its forward end portion.
16. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 1 wherein said
housing includes a forward end portion, the hollow of said housing
including a longitudinal passageway extending therethrough, and
sealing means disposed between the tendon and said housing for
excluding concrete from entering the end of said passageway remote
from the formwork.
17. In an anchorage assembly including an anchor having a hollow
housing and a stressing tendon passing therethrough, said anchor
including flange means attached to and extending generally
laterally outwardly of said housing, said flange means fixing said
anchor in concrete after setting thereof whereby said anchor is
inhibited from movement in a direction inardly of the concrete,
gripping means within said hollow of said housing for engaging the
portion of said tendon in said housing, the improvement comprising
first means for supporting said housing on a formwork and for
forming a cavity in the concrete, said first means including a
member extending generally longitudinally of the tendon for
supportingly connecting between said housing and a formwork, fixing
means for attaching said member to said housing, said first means
further including a spacer for forming a cavity in concrete between
said housing and formwork, said member fixing the relative position
of said anchor housing to the formwork and adapted to extend
through said cavity, said anchor housing including a forward end
portion, the hollow of said housing including a longitudinal
passageway extending therethrough, and sealing means disposed
between the tendon and said housing for excluding concrete from
entering the end of said passageway remote from the formwork, said
selaing means including the sheathing of the stressing tendon which
enters into said passageway and seals between said housing and the
tendon to prevent ingress of concrete into said passageway end.
18. In an anchorage assembly including an anchor having a hollow
housing and a stressing tendon passing therethrough, said anchor
including flange means attached to and extending generally
laterally outwardly of said housing, said flange means fixing said
anchor in concrete after setting thereof whereby said anchor is
inhibited from movement in a direction inwardly of the concrete,
gripping means within sai hollow of said housing for engaging the
portion of said tendon in said housing, the improvement comprising
first means for supporting said housing on a formwork and for
forming a cavity in the concrete, said first means including a
member extending generally longitudinally of the tendon for
supportingly connecting between said housing and a formwork, fixing
means for attaching said member to said housing, said first means
further including a spacer for forming a cavity in concrete between
said housing and formwork, said member fixing the relative position
of said anchor housing to the formwork and adapted to extend
through said cavity, said anchor housing including a forward end
portion, the hollow of said housing including a longitudinal
passageway extending therethrough, and sealing means disposed
between the tendon and said housing for excluding concrete from
entering the end of said passageway remote from the formwork, said
sealing means including a flexible and resilient bushing positioned
within said end of said passageway about the tendon, said bushing
being frictionally engaged and sealing between said housing and the
tendon.
19. In an anchorage assembly including an anchor having a hollow
continuous and leakproof housing with an inner slanted wall on
which gripping means are supportable, said anchor including flange
means attached to and extending generally laterally outwardly of
said housing for embedment into set concrete, said gripping means
being engageable with a stressing tendon passing through said
housing, the improvement comprising means for supporting said
housing and for forming a cavity in the set concrete, said means
including a unitary elongated support member attached to said
housing, said member fixing the relative position of said housing
to a formwork during pouring of concrete about said housing, said
housing including connecting means for attachment of said member,
said member including connecting means for attachment of said
housing, said connecting means of said housing and said member
being engageable and disengageable upon relative rotation of said
housing and said member and forming a detachable connection
therebetween, said housing including a cavity therein, said housing
connecting means including means extending inwardly of the wall
forming said cavity of said housing, said member connecting means
including an outwardly directed means adapted to be engaged and
retained within said cavity by said housing connecting means, said
means for supporting said housing and for forming a cavity
including a spacer sandwiched between said housing and the formwork
for forming said cavity, said member being disconnected from said
housing after setting of concrete about said housing.
20. In an anchorage assembly including an anchor having a hollow
housing with an inner slanted wall on which gripping means are
supportable, said gripping means being engageable with a stressing
tendon passing through said housing, the improvement comprising a
member attached to said housing, said member fixing the relative
position of said anchor housing to a formwork during pouring of
concrete about said housing, said member housing including
connecting means for attachment of said member, said number
including connecting means for attaching of said housing, said
connecting means of said housing and said member being engageable
and disengageable upon relative rotation of said housing and said
member and forming a detachable connection therebetween, said
housing including a cavity therein, said housing connecting means
including means extending inwardly of the wall forming said cavity
of said housing, said member connecting means including an
outwardly directed means adapted to be engaged and retained within
said cavity by said housing connecting means, said member being
disconnected from said housing after setting of concrete about said
housing, said means extending inwardly of said wall forming said
cavity including a shoulder and said outwardly directed means
including a shoulder, said shoulder of said member being disposed
inwardly of said cavity with respect to said shoulder of said
housing.
21. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 20 wherein said
means extending inwardly of said wall forming said cavity includes
another shoulder spaced from said housing shoulder and extending
inwardly of said cavity wall, said outwardly directed means
includes another outwardly directed shoulder spaced from said
member shoulder and adapted to be engaged and retained within saiid
cavity by said other housing shoulder.
22. In an anchorage assembly including an anchor having a hollow
continuous and leakproof housing with laterally extending flange
means for embedment in set concrete and gripping means therein
engageable with a stressing tendon passing therethrough, the
improvement comprising a means for forming a cavity and for
supporting said housing including a unitary and elongated member
releasably and rotatably detached and attached to said housing,
said member supporting said anchor housing and fixing the relative
position of said anchor housing to a formwork, said member being
hollow and surrounding the tendon between said anchor housing and
the formwork, said means including means for excluding concrete
from between said housing and the formwork and for forming a cavity
in concrete after pouring and setting thereof between the formwork
and said anchor housing, said means being removed from said housing
after setting of concrete about said housing.
23. In an anchorage assembly including an anchor having a hollow
housing and gripping means therein engageable with a stressing
tendon passing therethrough, the improvement comprising a member
releasably and rotatably detached and attached to said housing,
said member supporting said anchor housing and fixing the relative
position of said anchor housing to a formwork, said member being
hollow and surrounding the tendon between said anchor housing and
the formwork, said member including means for forming a cavity in
concrete after pouring and setting thereof between the formwork and
said anchor housing, said member being removed from said housing
after setting of concrete about said housing, said member being
flexible and resilient, said member having opposite ends and a slot
extending between said ends and communicating with the hollow
therethrough, said slot being enlargeable in a direction
transversely of the tendon to permit the tendon to pass through
said slot.
24. In an anchorage assembly including an anchor having a hollow,
continuous and leakproof housing and a stressing tendon passing
therethrough, said anchor including flange means attached to and
extending generally laterally outwardly of said housing, said
flange means fixing said anchor in concrete after setting thereof
whereby said anchor is inhibited from movement in a direction
inwardly of the concrete, gripping means within said hollow of said
housing for engaging the portion of said tendon in said housing,
the improvement comprising a unitary member, said member supporting
said anchor housing and fixing the relative position of said anchor
housing to a formwork, said member being elongated and including an
end and a longitudinal passageway opening through said end, means
for attaching said end of said member to said housing with the
tendon entering said passageway, said member extending from its
said end through an opening in the formwork, and adjustable means
for removably attaching said member to the formwork and for spacing
said housing a predetermined distance from the formwork.
25. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 24 further
comprising a cavity forming spacer surrounding said member and
disposed between said anchor housing and the formwork for forming a
cavity in concrete after pouring and setting thereof between the
formwork and said anchor housing.
26. In an anchorage assembly including an anchor having a hollow
housing and a stressing tendon passing therethrough, said anchor
including flange means attached to and extending generally
laterally outwardly of said housing, said flange means fixing said
anchor in concrete after setting thereof whereby said anchor is
inhibited from movement in a direction inwardly of the concrete,
gripping means within said hollow of said houding for engaging the
portion of said tendon in said housing, the improvement comprising
a member, said member supporting said anchor housing and fixing the
relative position of said anchor housing to a formwork, said member
being elongated and including an end and a longitudinal passageway
opening through said end, means for attaching said end of said
member to said housing with the tendon entering said passageway,
said member extending from its said end through an opening in the
formwork, and means for removably attaching said member to the
formwork, said member including another end extending outwardly of
the formwork, said means for removably attaching said member to the
formwork being disposed on said other member end.
27. In an anchorage assembly including an anchor having an
elongated, hollow, continuous and leakproof housing, said housing
having forward and rearward end portions, gripping means disposable
within said hollow housing for engaging a stressing tendon passing
therethrough, flange means extending generally outwardly from said
housing for embedment in set concrete, and connecting means
extending inwardly of the wall forming the hollow of said housing,
an elongated member for supporting said housing on a formwork and
having connecting means extending outwardly therefrom said housing
connecting means temporarily engaging sand retaining said member
connecting means within said hollow, said member being relatively
rotatable with respect to said housing and detachable therefrom
upon proper rotation and after pouring and setting of concrete
about said housing, means for sealing said housing front end
portion to the stressing tendon, and means for sealing said housing
rearward end portion to the formwork.
28. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 27 wherein said
housing connecting means includes an inwardly directed shoulder and
wherein said member connecting means includes an outwardly directed
shoulder.
29. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 27 wherein each
of said housing connecting means and member connecting means
includes a pair of spaced shoulders.
30. In an anchorage assembly including an anchor having a hollow,
continuous and leakproof housing with an outer end adapted to be
disposed toward a formwork for concrete to be cast around said
anchor, said anchor including flange means attached to and
extending generally laterally outwardly of said housing, said
flange means fixing said anchor in concrete after setting thereof
whereby said anchor is inhibited from movement in a direction
inwardly of the concrete, gripping means within said hollow of said
housing for engaging the portion of said tendon in said housing,
the improvement comprising a cavity forming and anchor positioning
means including an outer surface to define a cavity in the concrete
after pouring and setting thereof which extends from the inner
surface of the formwork to said outer end of said housing, said
anchor forming and anchor positioning means including an elongated
unitary member extending within said outer surface and having one
end portion supporting said anchor and another end portion spaced
from said outer end of said housing and supported by the
formwork.
31. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 30 wherein said
member is hollow and surrounds a stressing tendon passing through
said hollow housing between said housing outer end and the
formwork.
32. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 30 wherein said
cavity forming and anchor positioning means includes a cavity
forming spacer surrounding said member, said spacer including said
outer surface between said housing outer end and the formwork.
33. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 30 further
comprising means engaged on said member for attaching said member
to the formwork.
34. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 30 further
comprising means engaged on said member for releasably attaching
said member to the formwork.
35. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 34 wherein said
member includes an end portion extending through an opening in the
formwork, said means engaged on said member being disposed on said
end portion outwardly of the formwork.
36. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 30 further
comprising means for attaching said member to said housing.
37. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 30 further
comprising means for releasably attaching said member to said
housing.
38. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 37 wherein said
means for releasably attaching includes an inwardly directed means
within the hollow of said housing and an outwardly directed means
of said member, said inwardly directed means and outwardly directed
means being movable from a connecting position inhibiting
separation of said member and housing to a non-connecting position
whereby said member and housing may be separated.
39. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 38 wherein each
said inwardly and outwardly directed means includes a shoulder.
40. In the anchorage assembly as defined in claim 30 further
comprising a restraining member engaged on said elongated member
for urging said anchor housing toward the formwork, and spacer
means interposed in sealing relationship between said housing outer
end and the formwork, said spacer means including said outer
surface between said housing outer end and the formwork.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the post-tensioning of concrete
structures by means of wire or strand cables. In particular this
invention concerns an anchorage device or assembly and parts
thereof for use in anchoring a cable or cables in a concrete
structure. In greater detail the invention pertains to anchorages
for concrete stressing tendons, particularly to anchorage
assemblies for use in the tensioning of such tendons positioned
within concrete structures after the concrete has set or cured.
For many years mold, low strength steel reinforcing was simply
imbedded in ordinary concrete and the result wa an improvement in
the strength of the concrete and some resistance to cracking and
other failures was obtained. Later there was an attempt to place
this reinforcement under tension so that it would have a
compression effect upon the concrete. This slightly improved the
construction although the success of this effort was not great
because those who did it did not appreciate the fact that concrete
would flow slightly under pressure thus that tension on the
reinforcement would be reduced practically back to zero. Also under
tension, the reinforcement itself would suffer from some permanent
elongation that would add to this reduction of the tension.
Accordingly, the tensioning of the reinforcement was not generally
considered to be of great importance until recently when some of
the factors influencing the effectiveness of reinforcement became
better known and it was found that if steel wire having a very high
tensile strength was used and placed under a very high tension,
then although a part of the tension was lost by plastic flow and
shrinkage in the concrete and permanent elongation or creep in the
wire, nevertheless sufficient tension would remain in the wire and
sufficient compression would result on the concrete to cause a
major increase in the load-carrying capacity of the concrete and a
major increase in the resistance of the concrete to cracking and
the like. This represented such a complete departure from
previously known facts to present completely new concept in
reinforced concrete and hence this high tension wire reinforcing of
concrete was probably considered to furnish a completely new and
different approach to reinforced concrete construction. At the time
that the possibility of using high-tension wire reinforcement came
into being a general idea of tensioned reinforcement had long been
known and considered of relatively little value. The discovery that
high-tensioned wire reinforcement could produce far stronger and
more duable structures than had ever before been known was a
discovery that revolutionized the manufacture of reinforced
concrete structures.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Anchors or anchorage assemblies for use in the post-tensioning of
stressing tendons within concrete structures have been previously
devised, such prior art devices are generally disclosed in U.S.
Pat. No. 3,293,811. Applicant's invention of an improved anchorage
assembly disclosed herein is an improvement over such prior art
anchorage devices or assemblies, as shown for example in the above
mentioned patent.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore it is an object of the invention to provide an improved
anchorage assembly for concrete stressing tendons of the type which
are cast in place in such a manner that they may be tensioned after
the concrete has set or been cured.
Another object of this invention is to provide an improved
anchorage assembly for concrete stressing tendons in which there is
utilized a single piece, wedge receiving and constraining plate
anchor housing.
Still another object of the subject invention is to provide an
anchorage assembly for concrete stressing tendons which includes a
cavity forming spacer initially held in being engagement with the
wedge receiving anchor housing and in being engagement with the
concrete formwork when anchorage is secured to the formwork such as
to provide a grout receiving cavity, the spacer forming an
effective seal with the wedge receiving anchor housing to exclude
concrete therefrom where the concrete is being poured and
cured.
Yet another object of the instant invention is to provide means
whereby a tendon anchoring housing is imbedded in the concrete at
the time the concrete is poured and by which means the anchor
housing is attached to the formwork, and after the concrete has set
the means permitting the formwork to be released from the anchor
housing.
A further object of this invention is to provide an improved
anchorage assembly for concrete stressing tendons wherein portions
of the anchorage assembly may be salvaged and later re-used.
Yet a further object of the invention is to provide an anchorage
assembly which will permit the anchor housing thereof to be left in
the concrete and which anchor housing when left in the concrete
will not produce an unsightly appearance.
In general these and other objects are attained by providing an
ahcorage assembly including an anchor having a hollow housing and
means therein for engaging a stressing tendon passing therethrough.
The anchorage assembly includes a member removably attached to said
housing and to the formwork, this member fixing the relative
position of the anchor housing with respect to the formwork. The
member is additionally adapted and arranged to be detached from the
anchor housing after the concrete is set.
The concrete objects produced in accordance with the apparatus of
this invention may be of any desired shape but are generally beams,
columns, channels, slabs or other like structural members. In
accordance with this invention, the concrete objects are comprised
of three essential parts, namely, the concrete itself, reinforcing
members or tendons and the end anchorages that transfer the load of
the reinforcing tendons to the concrete.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of this
invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims.
The invention itself, however, both as to its organization and
method of operation, together with further objects and advantages
thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following
description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in
which:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view, portions thereof being in
cross-section, of the improved anchorage assembly of this
invention;
FIG. 2 is a left-hand end view taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG.
1;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the anchor housing shown in FIGS. 2 and
3;
FIG. 5 is a prospective view of the wedges used in the assembly of
FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a prospective view of the reusable bayonet fitting used
in the assembly of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a transverse-sectional view taken along line 7--7 of FIG.
3;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a second embodiment of the
anchorage assembly of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 9--9 of FIG.
8;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 10--10 of FIG.
8; and
FIG. 11 is a top plan view of the reusable bayonet fitting used in
the assembly of FIG. 8.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to the drawings, and in particular FIG. 1 thereof, the
anchor or anchorage assembly 10 of this invention is depicted
therein retaining an appropriate strand or tendon 12 to be used in
the construction of a concrete beam, column, slab or the like.
Cable or tendon 12 when used with the anchorage assembly of this
invention in its intended application is often of the non-bonded
type. This type of cable (non-bonded) comprises the normal
pre-stressing cable which before delivery to the site is pre-cut
and coated with a special protection and lubricating compound which
guards against corrosion and minimizes friction during the
stressing operation. The thus coated cable is wrapped in a special
heavy duty reinforcing paper 14, as in FIG. 8, or a plastic sleeve
or sheathing 16 is fitted over the entire length of the strand as
in FIG. 1. In both cases the strand is free to move within the
covering. When the cable arrives at the site it is simply laid out
in position and appropriate anchorage assemblies, such as at 10,
are located on the ends thereof interiorally of the formwork or
shuttering 18. AFter this the concrete is placed within the form
with the anchor assembly 10 being recessed therein. When the
concrete has set the tendon is then stressed by jacks which bear
against the back of the anchor housing.
Assembly 10 generally includes a tendon anchor or housing 20, see
in particular FIGS. 2 through 4; grips or teethed wedges 22, see in
particular FIG. 5; a recess or pocket former or spacer 24 for
recessing anchor 20 into the concrete; and a releaseable bayonet
fitting or member 26, see in particular FIG. 6, for maintaining the
assembly 10 in assembled form and when employed in combination with
a nut 28 maintaining the complete and assembled assembly firmly in
position with respect to the shuttering or formwork 18 at any
desired location thereon. The assembly is positioned on the
formwork 18 at the desired location by means of a hole or opening
30 extending therethrough and the bayonet fitting 26 of the
assembly being positioned therethrough and secured thereto by means
of nut 28 being tightened on a threaded portion 32 of bayonet
fitting 26.
The anchor or anchor housing 20 of anchor assembly 10 includes a
forward end portion 31 having an outwardly extending lip 33, a
rearward end portion 35, and a conical-shaped bore or hollow
passageway 34 extending therethrough and through which strand or
tendon 12 passes. Bore or hollow 34 is provided with an enlarged
forward portion or passageway 36 having a forwardly facing shoulder
38 against which sheathing 16 abuts whereby the same bunches up
within enlarged portion 36 to prevent the concrete from entering
internally into the anchor assembly from this its forward end
portion 31. Bore or hollow 34 is further enlarged by cavity 40
adjacent the rearward end portion 35 of anchor 20 to form a
rearwardly facing shoulder 42, against which the forward end
portion 44 of releaseable bayonet fitting abuts. Anchor 20 further
includes a rib or flange member 46 of a generally rectangular shape
having rounded corners and positioned generally perpendicular to
the axis of conical bore 34. Rib or flange 46 distributes the
stressing forces into the concrete and thus reduces the stress
intensities in the anchorage zone. Member 46 additionally provides
a safety factor in the fact that any bad compaction of the concrete
in the region of the face or forward end portion 31 of anchor 20
has less effect than would be the case if anchor housing 20 were
not provided with this flange or rib 46. Body portion 20 further
includes a generally rectangular shaped flange 48 extending outward
therefrom and positioned generally adjacent the rearward end
portion 35 thereof. Flange member 48 distributes the stressing
forces into the concrete which reduces the stress intensities in
the anchorage zone. Flange member 48 is provided with a slotted
opening 50 in its top portion extending downward from its upper
edge and a slotted opening 52 in its bottom portion extending
upward from its lower edge, see in particular FIGS. 2 and 3. Slots
50 and 52 are provided such that anchor 20 may be secured to the
shuttering or framework 18 by means of nails (not shown) if so
desired, extending through slots 50 and 52 and into the formwork
18. Casing or anchor housing 20 is further provided with a pair of
reinforcing ribs or members 54 and 56 extending from adjacent the
rearward end portion 35 and adjacent opening or cavity 40 upward to
to the upper outer edge of flange or plate member 48. In like
manner, a second pair of reinforcing ribs or members 58 and 60 are
provided and extend downward from a point adjacent the rearward end
portion 35 and cavity 40 to the lower outer edge of flange member
48.
Wedges or jaws 22, see in particular FIGS. 1 and 5, have a conical
shape outer surface to generally conform to the conical
configuration of passageway or hollow 34 within anchor housing 20.
Wedges 22 are provided with teeth or serrations 62 extending
laterally round their inner opening or passageway 64 to grip and
bite strand 12 passing therethrough, as depicted in FIG. 1. Jaws or
wedges 22 are split and include a left 66 and right 68 member or
portion to fit around strand 12 and generally conform thereto as
the jaws 22 are pulled forward within bore 34. Further, each of the
jaw or wedge sections or portions 66 and 68 are slit or provided
with slotted openings, respectively at 70 and 72 adjacent their mid
portions, whereby the upper and lower portions of each wedge
section 66 and 68 may move toward each other to generally conform
to and better grasp tendon 12 passing therethrough, see also FIG.
3.
Recess or pocket former 24 is of a conical shape having a central
bore or passageway 74 extending therethrough, with an enlarged
forward end portion 76 to permit bayonet fitting 26 to extend
therethrough and to generally accommodate the same. Forward end
portion 78 of cavity forming spacer 24 abuts rearward end portion
35 of anchor 20 to generally seal therewith to exclude the cement
or grout from entering the anchorage assembly 10 at this point. In
addition, rearward end portion 80 of recess former or spacer 24
abuts and generally seals with the forward edge of formwork 18 to
prevent the cement from gaining access to the interior of the
anchorage assembly at this particular location.
Detachable and releaseable bayonet fitting or hollow member 26
includes a circular elongated portion 82 a threaded outer end
portion 32 and an enlarged circular forward portion 84 connected to
portion 82 by a transition portion 86. Elongated portion 82 extends
through opening 30 within formwork 18 and through passageway or
opening 74 within pocket or recess former 24. Enlarged forward
portion 84 of the bayonet fitting is positionable within the
enlarged rearward portion cavity 40 of the casing or anchor housing
20 outwardly of the wedges or jaws 22 such as to not interfere with
the operation of the same. The forward end portion 44 of bayonet
fitting 26 which abuts rearwardly facing shoulder 42 of anchor 20
is provided with a pair 88 and 90 of flange members or shoulders
(see FIGS. 3 and 7) which respectively fit behind and engage a pair
of lips or shoulders 92 and 94 provided on achor housing 20
adjacent its rearward end portion 35 and extending inward of
enlarged opening or cavity 40.
Upon proper positioning of the forward end portion 44 of bayonet
fitting 26 within cavity 40 of anchor 20 and rotation or pivoting
of the fitting such that flange members 88 and 90 become engaged
behind lips 92 and 94, the fitting 26 becomes releasably affixed or
secured to anchor 20. The pocket or recess former 24 is then
positioned over bayonet fitting 26 with enlarged forward portion 84
thereof fitting within the enlarged forward portion 76 of pocket
former 24. Next the threaded portion 32 of elongated portion 82 of
fitting 26 is positioned through opening 30 within the formwork 18,
and then nut 28 is threaded on portion 32 of bayonet fitting 26.
Transition portion 86 of bayonet fitting 26 prevents jaws or wedges
22 from coming out of their proper position within bore or hollow
34 of the anchor housing 20. Nut 28 is tightened on threaded
portion 32 to pull bayonet fitting 26 through formwork 18 causing
the attached anchor 20 to tighten against pocket former 24 thereby
forming a seal between pocket former 24 and formwork 18, and
between pocket former 24 and anchor 20 to prevent cement from
entering the anchorage assembly 10 at these points of adjoinment.
NExt the concrete is poured and placed within the formwork or
shuttering. After the concrete has set, nut 28, formwork 18, pocket
former 24 and bayonet fitting 26 are removed to afford access to
the back of anchor body 20 and wedges or jaws 22 positioned
therein, which are now recessed within the set concrete. The tendon
may now be stressed by jacks which bear against the back of anchor
housing 20, and jaws 22 may be tapped home to firmly and snuggly
grip the stressed strand 12. After stressing tendon 12, the opening
in the concrete which was formed by the recess or cavity forming
spacer 24 can be grouted-in if so desired.
With detailed reference to FIGS. 8 through 11 now, a second
embodiment of the anchorage assembly 100 is depicted therein
retaining strand or tendon 12, having been wrapped with heavy duty
reinforcing paper 14, to be used in the construction of a concrete
beam, column, slab or the like. Assembly 100 generally includes an
anchor housing or casing 20', identical to that seen in FIG. 1,
grips or teethed wedges 22', identical to those shown in FIG. 5, a
recess or pocket former 102 for recessing casing or anchor housing
20' into the concrete, a releaseable and detachable bayonet fitting
104, see in particular FIG. 11, and a split nut 106 for maintaining
the assembly firmly in position with respect to shuttering or
formwork 18.
Casing or anchor housing 20' of anchorage assembly 100 includes a
forward end portion 31', a rearward end portion 35' and a conical
shaped bore or hollow 34' extending therebetween, through which
tendon 12 passes. Bore 34' includes an enlarged forward portion or
passageway 36' and an enlarged rearward portion or cavity 40'.
Anchor housing 20' further includes a flange-like member 46' which
aids in distributing and stressing forces into the concrete to
thereby reduce the stress intensities in the anchorage zone, and
provides a safety factor in that any bad compaction of the concrete
in the region of the forward end portion 31' of anchor 20' has less
effect than would the same if the anchor housing were not provided
with this flange member 46'. Anchor housing 20' further includes a
pair 92' and 94' of lips or shoulders adjacent rearward end portion
35' extending inward of enlarged rearward opening or cavity 40',
behind which bayonet fitting 104 is engageable, as will be
explained more fully hereinbelow.
In the embodiment of the strand anchor assembly shown in FIGS. 8
through 11, a grout or cement extruder or bushing 108 is provided
which snugly and engagingly fits within enlarged forward portion or
passageway 36' of bore or hollow 34' within anchor housing 20'.
Cement extruder 108 fits closely and snugly about tendon 12 passing
therethrough such as to prevent grout or cement from entering
anchor assembly 100 at this forward end portion thereof.
Recess or pocket former 102 is hollow and preferably formed from a
frangible material of good release properties, such as a suitable
plastic. Cavity forming spacer 102 includes an outer conical shaped
shell portion 110 and an inner centrally disposed, hollow cylinder
portion 112, through which tendon 12 passes and which is connected
to the outer conical shell portion 110 by suitable webs such as 114
and 116. Webs 114 and 116 are joined or connected at 115 adjacent
their outer ends to seal pocket former 102. Additional webs, such
as indicated by dotted lines at 119 and 120, may join outer shell
110 and inner cylinder 112 to further strengthen and rigidify
pocket or recess former 102. The rearward end of inner cylinder
portion 112 of recess former 102 stops short of the formwork or
shuttering 118, while the rearward edge of outer shell portion 110
of pocket former 102 extends completely to the formwork 18 to form
a seal therewith when the parts of the assembly are tightened
together. The inner end 122 of outer shell 110 extends outward
beyond anchor 20' and forward of rearward end portion 35' thereof
to form an effective seal with anchor housing 20' to prevent cement
from entering the anchorage assembly at this point. The forward end
portion 123 of central hollow cylinder portion 112 of recess former
102 is enlarged to generally accommodate and conform to the shape
of bayonet fitting or member 104.
Bayonet fitting 104, which is releaseable and detachable includes a
circular elongated hollow portion 124 having a threaded outer end
portion 126 and an enlarged circular forward end portion 128
connected to elongated portion 124 by a transition portion 130.
Elongated portion 124 is positionable through the opening of hollow
cylinder 112 of recess former 102 and through opening or passageway
30 within formwork 18. Enlarged forward end portion 128 of bayonet
fitting 104 is positionable within enlarged rearward portion or
cavity 40' of anchor housing 20', and a pair of flanges or
shoulders 132 and 134 on forward end portion 128 of bayonet 104 are
respectively engageable behind and with lips or shoulders 92' and
94' of anchor housing 20'. Bayonet fitting or member 104 has a
portion removed therefrom to form a slot or opening 136 extending
over its entire length such that fitting 104 can be slipped
transversely over or clipped on cable or strand 12, thereby
eliminating the need of threading fitting 104 over the entire
length of strand 12 up to the point where it is desired to be put
to use. Additionally bayonet or hollow member 104 is provided with
a V-notch 138 extending about its entire circumference and
positioned on enlarged forward end portion 128 adjacent transition
portion 130. V-notch 138 permits fitting 104 to be broken off at
this point, such as when formwork 18 is stripped away from the
hardened concrete, leaving only the enlarged forward end portion
128 with flanges or shoulders 132 and 134 of bayonet 104 in anchor
housing 40'. Alternatively fitting 104 instead of being broken off
by V-notch 138 can be removed from anchor 20' by simple rotation of
and release of flanges 132 and 134 from behind lips or shoulders
92' and 94' and reused with another casing, similar to casing 20',
at another point along tendon 12.
In like manner nut 106 has a portion or section removed or cut-out
from its entire thickness to provide a slot or opening 140
therealong whereby the nut may be transversely slipped over or
clipped on strand 12 to eliminate threading of the nut over the
entire length of strand 12 up to the point where it is intended to
be used.
The embodiment of strand anchor assembly 100 depicted in FIGS. 8
through 11 has particular applicability when employed along the
mid-portions or sections of a particularly long strand which is to
be used in the stressing of concrete. When thus employed, using the
readily slottable recess former 102, slotted bayonet fitting 104
and slotted nut 106, the assembly can be readily arranged and
assembled on the mid-portion of the strand or tendon without the
necessity of threading these portions or parts of assembly 100 over
the entire length of the strand from its end to its mid-portion. In
this use pocket or recess former 102 is split at reference number
115 where webs 114 and 116 are joined together and then placed or
clipped over strand 12. Next the slot so formed in recess former
102 is closed by joining webs 114 and 116 together with staples 117
or the like. Now slotted bayonet fitting 104 is clipped over strand
12 and located and secured in cavity 40' of anchor 20'. The pocket
former 102 is then pushed over fitting 104 and the whole assembly
100 is lined up in slot or opening 30 in formwork 18, after which
split nut 106 is clipped on strand 12 and tightened on threaded
portion 126 of fitting 102 against the outer face of formwork 18
adjacent opening 30 therein. When anchorage assembly 100 is used in
the mid-portions of an extended tendon, anchor 20' is usually
placed on the strand in the factory at the approximate position at
which it will be used before the strand is shipped to the location
for use. Once the concrete has set and cured, formwork 18 is
stripped by means of leverage between the formwork and the
concrete, thus breaking off bayonet fitting 104 at notch 138.
Pocket former 102 is then extracted to leave anchor housing 20' and
enlarged forward end portion 128 of bayonet fitting 104 recessed
within the concrete.
While only certain preferred embodiments of this invention have
been shown and described by way of illustration, many modifications
will occur to those skilled in the art and it is, therefore,
desired that it be understood that it is intended in the appended
claims to cover all such modifications as fall within the true
spirit and scope of this invention.
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