U.S. patent number 3,844,160 [Application Number 05/175,509] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-29 for oil-immersed transformer gas analysis.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Fuji Denki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha. Invention is credited to Michihiko Yamaoka.
United States Patent |
3,844,160 |
Yamaoka |
October 29, 1974 |
OIL-IMMERSED TRANSFORMER GAS ANALYSIS
Abstract
A sampling and testing device for diagnosing a condition of a
dielectric fluid in an electrical apparatus, e.g., an oil-immersed
transformer, by sampling dielectric liquid from the apparatus and
extracting dissolved gases from the sampled dielectric fluid and
subjecting the extracted gases to analysis for composition so as to
infer the condition of the dielectric liquid therefrom. The device
employs a cylinder disposed as part of the electrical apparatus,
said cylinder having an inlet valve to draw dielectric liquid
samples by vacuum. Gases that may have been generated and dissolved
in the sampled dielectric liquid because of local heating or
electrical arcs and faults within the electrical apparatus, are
liberated by creating partial vacuum in the cylinder, in a closed
condition thereof. Gases so extracted are conveyed through a
controllable gas outlet valve on the cylinder into a gas analyzer
for analysis of gas-composition so as to infer the condition of the
liquid dielectric therefrom. Dielectric liquid sampled from the
electrical apparatus is returned thereto in a closed circuit. Said
cylinder comprises a piston including a flange portion which is
expediently provided with a plurality of apertures connecting
opposite sidefaces of the flange portion, whereby, during an
outward stroke of the piston, dielectric liquid is ejected out of
the apertures forcibly thereby facilitating degasification of the
dielectric sample within the cylinder.
Inventors: |
Yamaoka; Michihiko (Kawasaki,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Fuji Denki Seizo Kabushiki
Kaisha (Kanagawa-ken, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
13569561 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/175,509 |
Filed: |
August 27, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Aug 27, 1970 [JA] |
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45-75208 |
Aug 27, 1970 [JA] |
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45-75209 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
73/19.11 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01F
27/14 (20130101); G01N 33/2841 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01F
27/10 (20060101); H01F 27/14 (20060101); G01N
33/26 (20060101); G01N 33/28 (20060101); G01n
007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;73/19,23,61.1R,64
;55/55,189,190,192 ;23/232E |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Myracle; Jerry W.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Holman and Stern
Claims
I claim:
1. A sampling and testing device for diagnosing a condition of a
dielectric liquid in an electrical apparatus, the electrical
apparatus having an outlet and an inlet for allowing said liquid to
pass out of and into said apparatus respectively, said device
comprising in combination with said dielectric liquid containing
electrical apparatus: cylinder means; closable liquid inlet valve
means of said cylinder means, said liquid inlet valve means being
connectable to said outlet of said electrical apparatus for letting
in dielectric liquid from said electrical apparatus into said
cylinder means; closable liquid outlet valve means of said cylinder
means, said liquid outlet valve means being connectable to said
inlet of the electrical apparatus for returning dielectric liquid
from said cylinder means to the electrical apparatus; closable gas
outlet valve means of said cylinder means; gas analyzer means
connected to said closable gas outlet valve means; piston means
operating within said cylinder means for selectively causing one of
pressurization and vacuum within said cylinder means, so that when
said closable gas outlet valve is closed, said piston means
operates to cause said dielectric liquid to flow to and from said
cylinder means to said electrical apparatus in a closed circuit
through said liquid outlet valve means and said liquid inlet valve
means and when said closable liquid outlet valve means said liquid
inlet valve means and said gas outlet vavle means are closed in a
state wherein a sample of dielectric liquid from said electrical
apparatus remains in said cylinder means, said operating piston
means causes vacuum in said cylinder means during an outward stroke
thereof, thereby liberating dissolved gases from said sample of
dielectric liquid said gas outlet valve means being opened to allow
said liberated gases to be conveyed therethrough for analysis of
composition in said gas analyzer during an inward stroke of said
piston means.
2. A sampling and testing device as claimed in claim 1 wherein said
piston means comprises a piston rod and a flange portion having at
least one aperture through a thickness of the flange portion said
aperture facilitating easier liberation and extraction of dissolved
gases from said sampled liquid dielectric contained in said
cylinder means during said outward stoke of said piston means.
3. A device for detecting abnormal conditions of an oil-immersed
transformer having an oil-outlet port and an oil-inlet port, by
extracting gas dissolved in the oil of the oil-immersed transformer
and by analyzing the components of the extracted gas, comprising in
combination with said oil-immersed transformer: a cylinder device
having a cylinder provided with an oil-inlet port; an oil-outlet
port and a gas-outlet port; piston means disposed in said cylinder;
a gas analyzer connected to said gas-outlet port, said oil-inlet
port and oil-outlet port being respectively connectable to said
oil-outlet port and said oil-inlet port of the oil-immersed
transformer through a first check valve and a second check valve,
said gas-outlet port being connectable through a third check valve
to the gas analyzer, wherein, when the first and second check
valves are opened and the third check valve is closed said piston
means reciprocally operates to circulate the oil of the transformer
through said cylinder device and when the first, second and third
check valves are closed said piston means reciprocally operates to
provide partial vacuum in said cylinder so that the gas dissolved
in the oil within said cylinder device is separated, and thereafter
the third check valve is opened so that the gas separated in the
cylinder is introduced to the gas analyzer by the movement of said
piston means.
4. A device for detecting abnormal conditions of an oil-immersed
transformer, as claimed in claim 3, in which said piston means
comprises a flange portion which is in liquid-tight contact with an
inside surface of said cylinder and a piston rod-portion smaller
than said flange portion in diameter so as to form a space with an
inside surface of the cylinder, said flange portion being provided
with at least one aperture which penetrates therethrough thereby to
communicate with said space inside of the cylinder.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a device for treating an insulated
fluid, e.g., oil, contained in an oil-immersed electrical
apparatus, e.g., transformer, by analyzing gas resolved in the
oil.
In a case when an abnormal phenomenon such as arcing and local
overheating are caused in electrical apparatus having a liquid
dielectirc, e.g., an oil-immersed transformer, the insulating oil
or solid insulation material in the vicinity of the source of said
abnormal phenomenon is decomposed into gas. The thus produced gas
is in such a state that it is resolved in the oil contained in the
transformer during an initial period of the abnormal phenomenon.
Therefore, if the dissolved gas is extracted out of the oil and is
analyzed for its components, the nature and degree of the abnormal
phenomenon or fault can be inferred therefrom. Accordingly, any
necessary damage-protecting countermeasure can be taken before
significant damage is caused to the transformer. The method of
deducing the abnormal condition of the transformer from the
components of the gas thus analyzed is considered a superior method
for determining the condition of the transformer in order to make
an early diagnosis of an internal fault.
Description of Prior Art
However, in the conventional method of analyzing the gas
components, a quantity of oil necessary to extract dissolved gases
for analysis, is sampled into an oil-sampling container out of the
transformer at the site where the transformer is installed, and
then the sampled oil is brought to a laboratory where the
degasification and gas analysis are conducted on the oil, and the
oil thus tested is abandoned.
This conventional method for gas analysis has however the following
disadvantages: First, at the step of sampling the oil, it is
required for the oil not to be in contact with the air as much as
possible in order that the ambient air does not further contaminate
the sample, or the oil in the transformer itself. Further, when it
is required to detect variations in the composition of gas
extracted at short intervals of time, the prior art conventional
methods would not work since they employ laborious and
time-consuming operations. Next, it is to abandon the used sample
oil or degasfied oil after every test.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an essential object of the present invention to
provide a device adapted to sample out an amount of liquid
dielectric, e.g., oil, for analysis from an electrical apparatus
having a liquid dielectric, e.g., an oil-immersed transformer, by a
simple operation within a short time. An exemplary electrical
apparatus on which the device of the invention is applied is
hereinafter referred to as an oil-immersed transformer.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for
diagnosing the condition of the oil contained in an oil-immersed
transformer, in which no oil is lost or wasted.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a device
testing oil contained in an oil-immersed transformer, which device
can be also used as a degasification device.
The foregoing objects and other objects are achieved by provision
of a device, wherein dissolved gas obtained through digasification
from the oil extracted sampled out of an oil-immersed transformer
is analyzed, and the oil taken out from the transformer is
circulated back to the same transformer.
The nature, utility and principle of the present invention will be
more clearly understood from the following detailed description
when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The accompanying drawing is a schematic diagram of a device for
treating oil, according to the present invention, in which a
cylinder device SD is shown by a cross-sectional view along its
longitudinal axis.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the drawing, there is shown an oil-immersed transformer Tr
having an oil-circulation system. In the oil-circulation system,
oil is circulated from an oil outlet port provided on the
transformer through a first check valve V.sub.1, a cylinder device
SD, a second check valve V.sub.2, and an oil inlet port provided on
the transformer leading to the inside of the transformer Tr. The
cylinder device SD comprises a cylinder 13 and a piston valve 14,
said cylinder 13 being provided with an oil-inlet port 11 and an
oil-outlet port 12, both being located at the upper portion of the
cylinder 13. The piston valve 14 is installed slidably inside of
the cylinder 13. A gas outlet port 15 is provided at the center of
the upper portion of the cylinder 13, said gas outlet port 15 being
constructed so as to introduce the extracted gas contained in the
transformer through a gas check valve V.sub.3 to a gas analyzer GC
which may be a conventional type. The piston rod valve 14 comprises
a piston portion 141 and a valve flange member 142, said piston rod
portion 141 being adapted to form the lower part of the piston
valve 14 and being made to be smaller in diameter, while said valve
flange member 142 has a greater diameter substantially equal to the
inside diameter of the cylinder 13. Sealing conditions are
maintained between the cylinder 13 and the valve flange member 142,
and between the cylinder 13 and the piston portion 141 by O-rings
16 and 17, respectively, said O-ring 16 being provided on the
periphery of the valve flange member 142, while the other O-ring 17
being is arranged at an opening provided at the bottom of the
cylinder 13. The piston valve 14 is provided with several apertures
143 which communicate the upper portion of the piston rod portion
141 with the upper surface of the valve member 142.
The operation and action for analyzing gas resolved in the oil
contained in the transformer Tr will be hereinafter described in
connection with the above-described device.
First of all, the gas check valve V.sub.3 is closed, and the check
valves V.sub.1 and V.sub.2 are opened, and then the piston valve 14
is reciprocated by a piston driving mechanism (not shown) in axial
directions as shown by arrow marks. As a result, oil is sucked into
the cylinder 13 from the inside of the transformer Tr through the
check valve V.sub.1 and oil-inlet port 11 when the piston valve 14
is moved downwardly; and the oil is pushed into the transformer
through the oil-outlet port 12 and check valve V.sub.2 during the
course in which the piston valve 14 is moved upwardly up to a
position shown by dot-dash line P. Therefore, by repeating the
reciprocating motion of the piston valve 14, oil in the transformer
Tr can be circulated through a closed oil circulation path, namely,
transformer Tr-check valve V.sub.1 - cylinder device SD - check
valve V.sub.2 - transformer Tr. Even if the oil used for the
previous test sill remains in the device SD before operation of the
device, the oil can be replaced with the oil contained in the
transformer Tr. When the device SD has been thus completely and
newly filled with the oil, the piston valve 14 is stopped once at a
certain position, for instance, the position shown by a dot-dash
line P so that a certain amount of the oil is left inside the
device SD, and then the check valves V.sub.1 and V.sub.2 are
closed. Now, if the piston valve 14 is moved downwardly from the
position P at the same time maintaining all the valves V.sub.1,
V.sub.2 and V.sub.3 in closed states, a vacuum tends to be created
above the oil surface on the piston valve 14 inside the cylinder
13. At the same time, pressure in a chamber B formed by the piston
portion 141 of the piston valve 14 inside the cylinder 13 is
increased, as a result of which the oil in the chamber B is ejected
to the upper surface of the piston valve 14 through the apertures
143 and at the same time the gas contained in the oil is liberated
into the vacuum. When the piston valve 14 has reached a
predetermined lower limit position in the degasification process,
the check valve V.sub.3 is opened, the piston valve 14 is moved to
the position P thereby to introduce the extracted gas to the gas
analyzer GC, and a part of the oil present on the piston valve is
led through the apertures 143 to the chamber B. Then, if the piston
valve 14 is pulled downwardly again, gas contained in the oil is
discharged out, as apparent from the above-described operation. The
reciprocatory operation of the piston and the valve operation is
repeated as required thereby to introduce the extracted gas to the
gas analyzer GC whereupon the gas analysis performed by well known
method is indicated by an indicator, recorded by a recorder, or
properly processed as required.
The oil sampling and degasification can be carried out even without
apertures 143 provided on the piston valve 14, but provision of
said holes 143 surely improves the degasification since they
produce the agitation and an ejection action of the oil.
The gas analyzer GC may be formed integrally with the cylinder
device SD, its driving mechanism and the check valves; or may be
provided separately as shown in the drawing so that piping and
connections may be arranged as required to suit particular
requirements. It is preferable to replaceably arrange a filter made
of silica gel in series with the check valve V.sub.3 in order to
screen certain components still contained in the gas separated from
the oil.
The piston valve 14 of the device SD may comprise a bellows
construction. In this case, the sealing construction arrangement
will become more simple.
The devices according to the present invention can be formed into
one unit thereby to cause possibility of assembling said unit with
the transformer. Moreover, since the cylinder device and the check
valves may be a motor or electromagnetic type, it is possible to
carry out automatically a series of operations from oil sampling to
gas analyzing within a short period of time by merely depressing a
start push button of the device. In addition to the above
advantage, the device can be constructed relatively simple, as a
consequence of which, when compared with the previously mentioned
conventional method in which oil sampled into a oil-sampling
container which is brought to the laboratory for test, the present
invention provides a novel method which is greatly improved in
serviceability and quickness. Moreover, the result of analysis of
gas contained in the oil can be known immediately at the site where
the transformer is installed, and therefore, according to the
result of the gas analysis, any suitable necessary countermeasure
can be taken without dealy in order to prevent damage to the
transformer. It is one of the characteristic features of the
cylinder device of the invention that it can manage the functions
of oil-return sampling, degasification, and oil into the
transformer by means of a simple construction. In particular, the
oil in the transformer may be degassed and purified in case where
the device is operated with the transformer.
It is intended that all matter contained in the foregoing
description and in the drawing shall be interpreted as exemplary
and illustrative only not as limitative of the invention.
* * * * *