U.S. patent number 3,843,857 [Application Number 05/325,612] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-22 for induction heating system primarily intended for cooking use.
Invention is credited to Ronald J. Cunningham.
United States Patent |
3,843,857 |
Cunningham |
October 22, 1974 |
INDUCTION HEATING SYSTEM PRIMARILY INTENDED FOR COOKING USE
Abstract
An induction heating system is disclosed which is primarily
intended for use in cooking, such as in cooking foods for human
consumption. The structure of such a system preferably includes a
flat ceramic stove top. Preferably a flat induction coil which is
only one conductor thick is located on the lower surface of this
top and is connected to a power supply means for operating the coil
so as to cause the coil to produce a continuously varying magnetic
field. The system includes a cooking utensil such as a pan having
at least a ferromagnetic bottom adapted to be movably located on
the top. The coil used is preferably of an unsymmetrical character
so that the amount of such heating can be varied depending upon the
location of the utensil relative to the coil.
Inventors: |
Cunningham; Ronald J.
(Glendale, CA) |
Family
ID: |
26945847 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/325,612 |
Filed: |
January 22, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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257203 |
May 26, 1972 |
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294218 |
Oct 2, 1972 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
219/622; 219/624;
219/675 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G05D
23/26 (20130101); G05D 23/1906 (20130101); H05B
6/1245 (20130101); H05B 6/062 (20130101); Y02B
40/00 (20130101); Y02B 40/126 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H05B
6/06 (20060101); G05D 23/20 (20060101); G05D
23/26 (20060101); H05B 6/12 (20060101); H05b
005/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/10.49,10.43,10.75,10.77,10.79,10.67,434,435 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Reynolds; Bruce A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: O'Brian; Edward D.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of the co-pending
Cunningham U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 257,203 filed May 26,
1972, entitled "Temperature Controlled Induction Heating" and now
abandoned. This application is also a continuation-in-part of the
co-pending U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 294,218 filed Oct. 2,
1972, entitled "Load Controlled Induction Heating." The entire
disclosures of both of these co-pending applications are
incorporated herein by reference for the purpose of amplifying the
disclosure set forth herein.
Claims
I claim:
1. A stove top to be used in induction heating of a utensil
employed in domestic cooking which is at least partially
ferromagnetic in character which comprises:
a flat, self-supporting, electrically non-conductive and
non-ferromagnetic member serving as a stove top, said member having
an imporous upper surface and having a lower surface,
a flat induction coil located along and adjacent to said lower
surface, said induction coil consisting of a single conductor, the
thickness of said coil being the thickness of said conductor,
said lower surface including a groove corresponding to the
configuration of said conductor of said induction coil, said
conductor of said induction coil being located within said
groove.
2. A stove top as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
said coil is an unsymmetrical coil in which successive turns of
said coil are not equally spaced from one another.
3. A stove top as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
said stove top is sufficiently large so that several utensils can
be used on said upper surface,
said upper surface is decorated so as to correspond to the
configurations of said coil so as to indicate the extent to which a
utensil will be heated depending upon its location on said upper
surface.
4. A stove top as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
said coil is an unsymmetrical coil in which successive turns of
said coil are not equally spaced from one another,
said stove top is sufficiently large so that several utensils can
be used on said upper surface,
said upper surface is decorated so as to correspond to the
configurations of said coil so as to indicate the extent to which a
utensil will be heated depending upon its location on said upper
surface,
said coil is secured to said member so that said member and said
coil are an integral unit.
5. In the combination of an induction heating coil, power supply
means for operating said coil so as to cause it to produce a
continuously changing magnetic field and a utensil located so as to
be magnetically coupled to said coil by said field, the improvement
which comprises:
an imporous, electrically non-conductive, non-ferromagnetic support
for said utensil located between said coil and said utensil,
said coil being an unsymmetrical, flat coil in which successive
turns of said coil are unsymmetrical in that successive turns on
part of said coil are closer together than successive turns in
another part of said coil so that different heating effects can be
achieved by placing a load adjacent to different portions of said
coil.
6. The combination as claimed in claim 5 wherein: said coil is a
flat induction coil consisting of a single conductor, the thickness
of said coil being the thickness of said conductor.
7. The combination as claimed in claim 5 wherein:
said support is of such dimension as to be capable of holding
several utensils in various locations relative to said coil and
above said coil,
the surface of said support is decorated so as to correspond to the
configuration of said coil and to the location of the turns of said
coil relative to said support so as to indicate the extent to which
said utensil will be heated depending on its location on said
support.
8. The combination as claimed in claim 5 wherein:
said coil is a flat induction coil consisting of a single
conductor, the thickness of said coil being the thickness of said
conductor,
said support is of such dimension as to be capable of holding
several utensils in various locations relative to said coil and
above said coil,
the surface of said support is decorated so as to correspond to the
configuration of said coil and to the location of the turns of said
coil relative to said support so as to indicate the extent to which
said utensil will be heated depending on its location on said
support, and
said coil is secured to said support so as to form a part of said
support.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Since the 1800's efforts have been made to develop useable,
satisfactory induction heating systems for use in cooking
operations such as domestic cooking operations. Although the
desirability of using induction heating for cooking food and the
like has long been recognized, up until fairly recent times
induction heating systems are considered to have been employed for
this type of purpose only very infrequently. The reasons for this
are considered to be complex and to an extent unknown.
However, during the period when it has been known to use induction
heating for cooking processes the art of induction heating has
significantly developed and induction heating processes and systems
have been increasingly used for various industrial and related
heating purposes. It has been conventional practice to use
alternating currents having frequencies varying in the range of
from about 400 to about 500,000 cps for various different
industrial and related induction heating applications depending
upon the nature of such applications. It will be recognized that
heating within this frequency range involves heating utilizing what
may be referred to as ultrasonic frequencies.
It has long been recognized that the circuits used in supplying
currents at frequencies as indicated for the purpose of industrial
induction heating were of a general utility nature in that they
could be utilized not only for industrial or commercial induction
heating, but also for heating such as is involved in domestic
cooking operations. The comparatively recent advent of solid state
electronic components at comparatively nominal costs has lead to
the development of quite a number of commercial or industrial
induction solid state circuits which are to varying degrees
applicable for use in various known induction heating apparatuses
capable of being employed for cooking or similar operations.
It is considered that the inherent disadvantages of the use of
common domestic cooking appliances such as gas fired cooking
stoves, cooking stoves employing resistors to create heat for
cooking operations and the like has motivated a renewed interest in
the use of induction heating in connection with various types of
domestic cooking operations. It is believed that advancements in
electronic circuits and in particular the development of solid
state electronic circuits now makes it practical from a utilitarian
and from an economic standpoint to use induction heating for
various types of cooking operations as indicated.
A review of the various types of actual cooking stuctures
previously employed for such induction heating--cooking
operations--has indicated that many of such structures are in
effect unacceptable from either a utilitarian or a commercial
standpoint for use in the present-day society. It is not considered
necessary to go into the reasons for this in connection with an
explanation of the present invention. It is considered that such a
review and a consideration of the commercial stoves being marketed
clearly indicates that there is a need for improvement in
connection with the field of induction heating systems which are
primarily intended for domestic type cooking purposes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An objective of the present invention is to fulfill this need. More
specifically, an objective of the present invention is to provide a
new and improved induction heating system which is primarily
intended for domestic and similar cooking uses. A further objective
of the present invention is to provide a system as described which
may be manufactured at a comparatively nominal cost, which is
capable of giving prolonged reliable performance at a comparatively
economic cost and which may be easily and conveniently used
efficiently with a minimum of difficulty.
Such a system employs a number of individual components such as a
stove top as herein described, an induction coil as herein
described (which is preferably in effect a part of the stove top)
and a power supply means for use in operating the coil so as to
cause the production of a constantly varying magnetic field which
will in turn cause heating of another component of such a system--a
utensil--used with the system. These various individual components
herein described are capable of being separately utilized with
other components than are indicated in this specification. It is,
however, considered that most satisfactory results are achieved
when all of the components used together are as indicated in this
specification.
Because of these factors other more specific objectives of the
present invention are to provide various new and improved parts or
components of an induction heating system as indicated by the
preceding discussion. The invention is especially concerned with
new and improved stove tops and new and improved induction coils
for use with such stove tops. Other objectives of the present
invention are to provide extremely utilitarian, relatively
inexpensive stove tops and coils as indicated which may be easily
and conveniently manufactured and which are capable of giving
prolonged, reliable performance. The invention also has as one of
its objectives as providing such stove tops and coils as integral
units which are to be shipped and handled as staple articles of
commerce.
In accordance with this invention certain of the foregoing
objectives are achieved by providing induction heating system of a
type primarily intended for cooking purposes which includes a
generally flat electrically non-conductive, non-ferromagnetic stove
top, at least one cooking utensil having at least a ferromagnetic
bottom located on the stove top so as to be supported by it, an
induction coil located along the lower surface of the stove top
adjacent to this lower surface and a power supply means for
operating the coil so as to cause the coil to produce a
continuously varying or changing magnetic field which will extend
through the stove top so as to cause the utensil to become heated
when it is located on a stove top.
Such a stove top is preferably a ceramic stove top having an
imporous upper surface formed so as to visually indicate the
configuration and location of the coil used. Such a coil is
preferably a flat coil of an electrical conductor which is only as
thick as the conductor. Such a coil may be located so as to fit
within a groove separating its turns formed in the lower surface of
such a stove top and may be secured to such a top as through the
use of an appropriate cement. Preferably the power supply means
employed differs from a conventional induction heating power supply
in that it does not supply an alternating current to the coil, but
instead supplies DC current pulses to a parallel, tuned resonant
tank circuit into which the coil is connected as a part of the tank
circuit. The DC power used will normally be a full-wave rectified
AC current and for safety reasons the entire power supply means
will be grounded.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Further details of the present invention are best indicated with
reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a presently preferred embodiment of an
induction heating system in accordance with this invention
installed on a countertop;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged diagrammatic partial cross-sectional view
taken at line 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic bottom plan view of the stove top and coil
employed in this heating system; and
FIG. 4 is a schematic view indicating the principal elements or
parts of a circuit preferably employed with the illustrated heating
system.
A consideration of the accompanying drawing and of this
specification will indicate that the invention set forth herein
involves a number of essentially intangible concepts. Such concepts
are set forth and defined in the appended claims forming a part of
this disclosure. They may be used in various structures and systems
which differ from the precise structures indicated in the drawing
in various ways through the use of routine engineering skill or
ability.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the drawing there is shown a complete induction heating system
of the present invention. This system employs a generally flat
stove top 10 which is preferably formed out of an inert
electrically non-conductive, non-ferromagnetic ceramic. A large
number of different grades and types of ceramics can be used. It is
considered preferable to utilize heat resistant ceramics such as
are commonly utilized in various kitchen utensils. This term
"ceramic" is used here in a broad sense so as to include
glasses.
This top 10 should be sufficiently thick so that there is
substantially no danger of it becoming broken as it is used when it
is supported by an edge lip 12 so as to fit within an opening 14 in
a conventional countertop 16. If desired, such a countertop 16 may
be integral with a conventional frame for supporting a common
stove. Preferably the top 10 includes a slightly raised peripheral
lip 18 which will serve to prevent any liquid which may be spilled
on the top 10 from draining off of it.
Preferably the top 10 is provided with a glazed ceramic upper
surface 20 which serves to render the entire top 10 waterproof in
character. Such a surface 20 is preferably both electrically
non-conductive and non-ferromagnetic in character. Both the surface
20 and the top 10 should, of course, be free from cracks or other
imperfections which might weaken the described top 10 and/or make
it possible for liquids to permeat this top 10.
From a commercial point of view one of the advantages of the top 10
is that the surface 20 can be formed in various known manners to
have virtually any type of desired appearance. This is considered
important from an aesthetic point of view. One of the objections to
conventional prior stoves relates to the appearance of such stoves
and the fact that they cannot be readily cleaned. Because of the
flat character of the surface 20 cleaning it is substantially no
significant problem.
The ability of this surface 20 to be decorated in any desired
manner may be effectively utilized by providing on the surface 20
in a known manner a decorative design consisting of an
unsymmetrical arrangement of rectilinear or other shapes 24 as
shown in FIG. 1 which corresponds to the location and configuration
of an induction coil 26 used with the top 10 so as to in effect
form a part of this top 10. If desired, the shapes may be of
various colors of gradually increasing intensity terminating in a
centermost shape having color which is more distinctive and intense
than the remainder of the surface 20 so as to indicate the relative
degree of heating which may be achieved by locating a utensil 28
upon the top 10 so that the top 10 serves as a support plate.
The coil 26 employed preferably consists of more turns than shown
of a single conductor 30 which has a copper or aluminum conductor
roughly 0.0100 inch .times. 0.0125 inch in cross-sectional
configuration. This conductor 30 in the coil 26 extends in what may
be considered or termed an "unsymmetrical" path in which the turns
of the coil 26 to the left of FIG. 3 of the drawing are closer
together than the turns of the coil 26 towards the right of FIG. 3
of the drawing. In the embodiment of the invention shown the turns
of the coil 26 are illustrated with the conductor 30 extending in
essentially a rectilinear path roughly corresponding to the
outlines of the shapes 24.
This type of unsymmetrical structure is intended so that a utensil
28 such as a pan will be heated to varying extents depending upon
its location upon the stove top 10 during the operation of the
herein described system. In general, when such a utensil 28 is
located where the various turns of the coil 26 are closely spaced
together the heating action will be more pronounced than when such
a utensil 28 is located adjacent to where the turns of the coil 26
are relatively far apart.
The broad principals of the invention are applicable to the use of
any coil of a symmetrical category. However, with such a
symmetrical coil an individual does not have the option of picking
an area of the stove top 10 in locating a utensil such as the
utensil 28 where the heating action is more or less pronounced than
in other areas of the top 10. This feature of the selectivity of
the heating action achieved can be accomplished through the use of
a coil corresponding to the coil 26 in which the conductor 30
employed extends in a wide variety of different types of paths.
Thus, it is possible to form tops such as the top 10 using a coil
26 in which the individual turns are essentially of an elliptical
or oval type of shape and are located so that the conductor 30
passes closely adjacent to itself in various turns in some regions
of the stove top 10 and not in others. It is possible to attain
this type of feature with a coil 26 having an essentially spiral
like configuration in which the outer turns of such a coil 26 are
spaced further from one another than the innermost turns. It is
possible to have such a spiral which is in effect "flatened out" so
that at two opposed sides of the spiral the turns are relatively
far from one another while at the other two sides of such a spiral
the turns are relatively close to one another.
Various composite configurations of this general type may be used
in forming the coil 26 as may be desired in promoting the utility
of the system herein indicated. For this reason the term
"unsymmetrical" is utilized in this specification (and the
accompanying claims) in a broad sense to designate any structure of
a coil such as the coil 26 in which the conductor 30 is not
uniformly spaced in successive turns in the coil 26.
An important aspect of the coil 26 is the fact that this coil is of
a flat configuration and is only of one thickness of the conductor
30 in thickness. Because of the flat configuration of the coil 26
the entire structure of the top 10 can be rather thin for shipping
and related purposes. Further, the shape of this coil 26
corresponds in shape to the flat surface 20 of the top 10. This
enables it to be utilized effectively in heating as herein
described. With this configuration all of the conductor 30 in the
coil 26 can be located in an effective position closely adjacent to
the surface 20 so that effective heating can be obtained.
Preferably the coil 26 is located so as to extend in a groove 32
formed in the lower surface 34 of the stove top 10. This coil 26
may be directly formed by diecasting or similar techniques in this
location. Preferably, however, it is secured in place in this
location by a conventional non-conductive cement (not shown)
located between the conductor 30 and the bottom of the groove 32.
Although this use of the groove 32 is not mandatory, it is
considered desirable since it effectively isolates the turns of the
coil 26 and since it serves to a degree to physically protect the
coil 26 against damage. Preferably further protection is achieved
by covering the lower surface 34, the groove 32 and the coil 26 by
an adherent, inert, electrically non-conductive, non-ferromagnetic
coating 36. Such a coating 36 may consist of a known type of
inorganic cement or the like.
The ends of the conductor 30 in the coil 26 are preferably attached
as by welding to conventional terminals 38 which extend out through
the coating 36. These terminals 38 are preferably connected to a
power supply 39 as indicated in FIG. 2 which is capable of
operating the coil 26 in a known manner so as to cause this coil 26
to create a continuously varying or changing magnetic field. Such a
field will extend upwardly through the stove top 10 where it will
be received by the utensil 28 so as to cause the generation of heat
by interacting with a ferromagnetic material in a known manner.
Although all of the operating parts of this utensil 28 can be
formed of a ferromagnetic material such as common cast iron or
various grades of steel, it is preferred to form the utensil 28 as
shown so that it has a ferromagnetic bottom 40 bonded to a body 42
of a heat conductive metal which will conduct heat away from the
bottom 40 efficiently so that substantially all portions of the
interior of the utensil 28 are substantially uniformly heated as
the described system is operated. It is also preferable to form the
utensil 28 with a non-heat conductive, non-ferromagnetic handle 44
so as to facilitate the use of this utensil 28.
It will be recognized that a number of materials can be utilized in
the bottom 40 or in the entire utensil 28. No point is seen in
encumbering this specification with a long listing of the various
iron and steel compositions which are of a ferromagnetic character
inasmuch as these materials are well known. The bottom 40 or all of
the utensil 28 except the handle 44 may be conveniently covered
with a conventional electrically non-conductive, non-ferromagnetic
protective coating such as a decorative enamel coating 46 as shown.
When such a coating 46 is not utilized, it is considered that for
appearance and similar reasons it is preferable to utilize a
ferromagnetic grade of stainless steel such as a stainless of a
Martensite type as the bottom 40.
If desired, the material in the bottom 40 can be extended
completely around all operative portions of the utensil 28 so that
the body 42 of the utensil 28 is completely encased. When this is
done the body 42 will function substantially as indicated in the
preceding as a sort of a heat distributor. For this body 42 to
function effectively in this regard in conducting heat it should
have a relatively high thermal conductivity. For purely economic
reasons expensive metals of this type such as silver should not be
used.
Normally economics will dictate the use of a metal such as aluminum
or copper or an alloy of either of these metals in forming the body
42 of a utensil 28 as described. Since such metals and alloys are
somewhat susceptible to corrosion, it is considered preferable to
use a coating 46 with them as indicated. It is possible to obtain
effective results by forming the body 42 of a stainless steel of a
non-ferromagnetic character since this material will effectively
resist corrosion, but will still be relatively effective in
conducting heat.
This matter of heat distribution will in general make it
disadvantageous to utilize the utensil 28 with the body 42 formed
completely of a known ceramic, such as a glass or the like. It is,
however, possible to form either the bottom 40 or the entire
utensil 28 out of a ferromagnetic ceramic, such as a known ferrite
composition. When the utensil 28 is formed out of such a
ferromagnetic ceramic it operates in substantially the same manner
as if it were formed of a magnetic iron composition or the like.
Any ceramic used may, of course, be covered with a coating such as
the coating 46.
It is presently preferred that any utensil 28 used be constructed
in a manner as indicated in the aforenoted co-pending U.S. Pat.
application Ser. No. 257,203 using a ferromagnetic material which
has a Curie point approximately corresponding to the maximum
temperature to which it is desired to heat anything in the utensil
28. This is considered important in preventing the burning of foods
and the like. Various manners of constructing a utensil 28 to
utilize this feature are indicated in this co-pending
application.
One important feature of the present invention is that a single
coil such as the coil 26 can be effectively utilized in
simultaneously heating a number of utensils such as the utensil 28.
To this end the stove top 10 is, of course, made large enough so
that it will accommodate at least one and preferably a large number
of utensils corresponding to the number of utensils which a
housewife or cook may normally desire to use simultaneously. Such
utensils may differ from one another as to size and as to
construction. Each utensil used should be constructed as indicated
in the preceding discussion. The particular configuration of the
coil 26 described is considered to be advantageous for such
multiutensil use inasmuch as it permits different such utensils to
be heated to varying extents at the same time.
The coil 26 may be powered using a wide variety of different
general utility induction heating power circuits. Generally when
conventional induction heating circuits are used it will be
preferable to utilize a more conventional type of coil for reasons
pertaining to the efficiency of the device. It will be recognized
that such general utility circuits have been designed for use with
both two and three wire AC current sources. Many of such circuits
do not specify the source of DC power used in them since this is
essentially a matter of choice.
In practically all cases such prior induction heating power supply
circuits rectify AC power in a conventional manner so as to obtain
full-wave current rectification. Frequently, such rectified
full-wave rectified power is passed to a conventional filter
serving to smooth out the wave form of the DC current resulting
from the rectification. No point is seen in specifically indicating
conventional AC power rectification and/or filter circuits in this
specification since they are well known and are shown by a number
of text authorities. Such circuits may conveniently be solid state
circuits.
It is commonplace in such conventional induction heating power
systems to take the DC current obtained as the result of such
rectification and to pass such current to an inverter so as to
obtain an AC current of a frequency as may be desired for a
particular induction heating application. Solid state circuits can
easily be used for this purpose. The AC current developed by such
an inverter is of course used to develop an alternating magnetic
field in a work coil. Various frequencies as have been used for
such applications are indicated in the background of the invention
section of this specification. Ultrasonic frequencies can be used
for cooking operations such as are contemplated in accordance with
this invention when an inverter is employed.
Such circuits are preferably grounded in the interests of safety
and so as to meet requirements of various organizations such as the
requirements of the Underwriter's Laboratory Organization. Such
grounding can be in accordance with conventional practice. Thus,
for example, a circuit used in induction heating can have three
input terminals constituting a grounded power distribution system
having a neutral terminal. Various operative parts of the inverter
circuit and the heating coil in such a circuit may be directly
connected to the grounded neutral terminal used.
In such a circuit it is possible to utilize a plurality of
inverters so that each will operate a separate coil so as to create
an alternating magnetic field. The field of such a series of
inverters may be coupled together through a transformer to a
completely separate work coil used for induction heating purposes.
Such a coil would correspond to the coil 26 described although
technically the coils powered by each of the inverters in such a
system would serve as a work coil.
Although a wide variety of power sources may be used as the power
source 39 in accordance with this invention it is considered highly
preferable to utilize as a power source a power supply means 39
which employs a parallel, tuned, resonant tank circuit into which
the coil 26 is connected as a part of the tank circuit. Such a
circuit is indicated in FIG. 4 of the drawing. The effectiveness of
such a circuit in driving a flat coil 26 is considered extremely
important for the herein described system to operate effectively
and economically.
This circuit is designed to receive power from a conventional AC
power source as shown. Then this circuit utilizes a conventional
full-wave rectifier 48 which is used to supply a rectified DC
current to an SCR 50. At periodic intervals this SCR 50 releases DC
pulses to a parallel, tuned, resonant tank circuit 52 through a
conventional filter 51. This particular tank circuit 52 illustrated
includes an inductor 54, a capacitor 56 and the work coil 26
located as shown. Some rearrangements of these components within
the tank circuit 52 is possible provided this tank circuit operates
after such rearrangement so that the coil 26 produces a
consistently varying magnetic field. The tank circuit 52 is
grounded at 58. Such a ground may be connected to a grounded input
line used to supply the AC power employed.
In the power supply 39 a means must be used to govern the release
of DC pulses to the tank circuit 52. Such a means is a control
means 60 as shown in FIG. 4. This control means 60 is connected to
the tank circuit 52 and to the gate of the SCR 50. The particular
control means 60 may comprise a structure as set forth in the
co-pending U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 294,218. Such a structure
involves a voltage detector for detecting the voltage within the
tank circuit 52 and a triggering oscillator for triggering the SCR
50 in accordance with the voltage detected by the voltage detector
so that the triggering oscillator will cause the release of current
pulses by the SCR 50 in accordance with voltage within the tank
circuit 52.
Preferably a control means as set forth in this co-pending
application includes a timer and a sampling oscillator as described
in this co-pending application. This co-pending application also
indicates the use of a thermocouple or a related condition sensing
device such as an optical device which will indicate the degree of
heating in accordance with a color change. It is possible to
utilize such condition sensing means to detect the temperature of a
utensil 28 or its contents in accordance with this invention
although this will not normally be necessary.
Thus, for example, a condition sensing means 62 may be connected to
the control means illustrated for this purpose. If such a condition
sensing means is a device such as a thermocopule, a thermister or
even a common bi-metal thermostat, a temperature sensing device
operating on a Curie point principal or the like, such a device may
be mounted on a utensil 28 in a known conventional manner or
located within such a utensil or even if desired mounted directly
upon the surface 20 so that it will be contacted with such a
utensil.
Such expedients are not considered desirable in the system herein
described because of the nature of this system and because of the
ability of a user to use utensils which control the degree of
heating achieved through a Curie point type of action serving to
cut off further induction heating. In the event such utensils are
not available or for one reason or another are not to be used, it
may be desirable to use such condition sensing means.
No effort is made in this specification to completely describe the
control means 60 since such a control means is indicated in detail
in the co-pending U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 294,218 which is
incorporated herein by reference. Other control means which may be
effectively utilized are indicated in the Cunningham U.S. Pat. No.
3,637,970 issued Jan. 25, 1972 entitled "Induction Heating
Apparatus." The control means specified in this patent are not set
forth herein in the interest of brevity. The entire disclosure of
this patent is incorporated herein by reference. This disclosure is
incorporated herein since it shows a very effective, simple way of
controlling the operation of the SCR 50.
This disclosure of this U.S. patent is also incorporated herein
inasmuch as the patent indicates how it is possible to utilize two
tank circuits corresponding to the tank circuits 52 together off of
single rectified power source which operates alternatively on a
cyclic basis without any significant delay between the intervals of
their operation. This will provide more effective rapid heating
than where a single tank circuit is utilized. If desired, the
output from two work coils used in two tank circuits employed
together as indicated in FIG. 7 of said Cunningham patent may be
coupled together through a transformer so that only a single work
coil is used. Such coupling is considered to be indicated to be old
in the induction heating art as is shown by the French Pat.
specification No. 1,245,149.
It will be realized from the aforegoing that the invention
constitutes a very simple, effective surface heating unit system in
which the coil 26 is operated so as to function as the primary of
the transformer so as to cause all or part of a utensil such as the
utensil 28 to function as a secondary of the transformer. In order
to minimize losses in the changing or varying magnetic field
utilized it is considered that a utensil 28 should have a flat
bottom which will fit closely up against the surface 20 so as to
minimize magnetic losses as the result of the presence of any
significant air gap.
Other conforming shapes of the coil 26, the surface 20 and the
utensil 28, or all three of them than a flat shape can be used in
specialized circumstances. Similarly in order to minimize losses
there should be no magnetic or electrically conductive material
between the coil 26 and any utensil 28 used, and this utensil
should not have any electrical conductor located on it generally
between the portions of it coupled to the coil 26.
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