U.S. patent number 3,843,096 [Application Number 05/309,628] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-22 for traction drum winch which exerts a predetermined constant tension on a cable.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Virginia Wilson Hulver, J. N. Sherrill, Jr., Evelyn Egan Wilson. Invention is credited to Virginia Wilson Hulver, J. N. Sherrill, Jr., John Hart Wilson, deceased.
United States Patent |
3,843,096 |
Wilson, deceased , et
al. |
October 22, 1974 |
TRACTION DRUM WINCH WHICH EXERTS A PREDETERMINED CONSTANT TENSION
ON A CABLE
Abstract
A traction drum winching mechanism utilising a storage drum on
which a substantially constant tension is maintained to reel cable
thereonto at a tension less than that which will crush a cable.
This enables a cable of large diameters to be wound onto a storage
drum without crushing. Water cooled clutches and brakes are
provided to enable the clutches and brakes to be slipped
continuously over an indefinite period of time without heating, and
a sensing mechanism is provided for sensing the weight of the
drilling pipe to enable drilling to be continued from a barge,
drill ship or vessel, which vessel is being subjected to rise and
fall due to waves, while maintaining constant tension on the pipe
without the movement of the drill ship or vessel interferring with
the drilling of the bore hole. Provision is made to spool the
convolutions of cable in side by side relation with a slight crowd
angle, by means of a hydraulically actuated cable spooling
device.
Inventors: |
Wilson, deceased; John Hart
(LATE OF Wichita Falls, TX), Sherrill, Jr.; J. N. (Wichita
Falls, TX), Hulver; Virginia Wilson (Wichita Falls, TX) |
Assignee: |
Wilson; Evelyn Egan (N/A)
Sherrill, Jr.; J. N. (N/A)
Hulver; Virginia Wilson (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
26761021 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/309,628 |
Filed: |
November 27, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
78854 |
Nov 7, 1970 |
|
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788256 |
Dec 31, 1968 |
3606257 |
Sep 20, 1971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
254/270; 175/5;
254/281; 254/293; 254/303 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21B
19/09 (20130101); B66D 1/741 (20130101); B66D
1/50 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E21B
19/00 (20060101); B66D 1/00 (20060101); E21B
19/09 (20060101); B66D 1/28 (20060101); B66D
1/50 (20060101); B66D 1/74 (20060101); B66d
001/48 () |
Field of
Search: |
;254/172,173R,187,19B
;175/5 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Reeves; Robert B.
Assistant Examiner: Lane; Hadd S.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Keith; Wayland D.
Parent Case Text
This is a division of application Ser. No. 78,854, filed Nov. 7,
1970, now abandoned; which is a division of application Ser. No.
788,256, filed Dec. 31, 1968, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,606,257, issued
Sept. 20, 1971.
Claims
Having thus clearly shown and described the invention, what is
claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:
1. An apparatus for drilling a well in the floor of a body of water
from a drill ship or the like having an upright supporting derrick
structure thereon, which apparatus comprises:
a. a tension controlled traction drum winching mechanism for a
drilling rig mounted on the drill ship and being associated with
the upright supporting derrick structure,
b. a prime mover connected in driving relation with the traction
drum winching mechanism,
c. said prime mover being so connected through a fluid actuated
clutch interposed between said prime mover and said tension
controlled traction drum winching mechanism, which clutch is
adapted to slip continuously,
d. a crown block, including sheaves, mounted on the upright
supporting derrick structure, near the upper end thereof,
e. a cable associated with and being common to said drilling rig
and said tension controlled traction drum winching mechanism and
passing over the sheaves of said crown block to form a loop
therebelow,
1. a traveling block supported in the loop of said cable within the
upright supporting derrick structure to support drill pipe
therebelow,
2. said crown block having a portion of its weight supported on a
pivotable lever located on the derrick,
f. a transducer weight sensing mechanism having a piston element
thereon in contact with said lever to determine the load on said
crown block, and
g. pressure control sensing actuator means associated with said
transducer weight sensing mechanism to regulate fluid, under
pressure, to said fluid actuated clutch to cause engagement of the
clutch in direct relation to the load applied to the crown
block.
2. An apparatus for drilling a well in the floor of a body of water
from a drill ship or the like, as defined in calim 1; wherein
a. said pressure controlled sensing actuator includes a control
valve located within a fluid pressure supply conduit leading to
said clutch, and
b. said transducer weight sensing mechanism actuates said control
valve within the fluid conduit which leads to said clutch to
regulate the fluid pressure on said clutch to maintain a regulated
tension on said cable which supports said drill pipe.
3. An apparatus for drilling a well in the floor of a body of water
from a drill ship or the like, as defined in claim 2; wherein
a. said transducer weight sensing mechanism automatically actuates
said pressure controlled sensing actuator to control the flow of
fluid, under pressure, to said clutch in proportion to the weight
carried on the crown block so as to maintain a regulated tension
thereon.
4. An apparatus for drilling a well in the floor of a body of water
from a drill ship or the like, as defined in claim 3; wherein
a. said tension controlled traction drum mechanism comprising a
pair of spaced apart, grooved drums with cable being passed
therearound in a multiplicity of elongated, looped
convolutions,
b. a cable storage drum,
c. a level wind mechanism interposed between said traction drum and
said cable storage drum to direct cable onto said cable storage
drum in side by side relation, and
d. power means associated with said cable storage drum to wind
cable thereonto and to permit cable to be unwound therefrom.
Description
This application is co-pending with my application Ser. No. 713
094, METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAINTAINING A CONSTANT TENSION ON
THE DRILL PIPE OF A ROTARY DRILLING RIG FROM A FLOATING PLATFORM OR
THE LIKE, filed Mar. 14, 1968.
This invention relates to improvements in winching devices which
use traction drums and a cable storage drum with drilling equipment
on a drill ship, or barge. The same type winching mechanism may be
used in connection with ship anchors to maintain a drill ship barge
or vessel in a substantially stationary location to enable the
drilling of bore holes on the floor of the ocean.
In using the present winching mechanism with a drilling rig on a
drill ship, or barge, for drilling a bore hole with a rotary
drilling rig, a sensing mechanism is utilized to maintain the
cable, which supports the drill pipe in he well, at a constant
tension, regardless of the rise and fall of the drilling barge,
drill ship or vessel due to the wave motion of the water. A
pressure sensing device senses the weight on the cable and permits
downward movement of the drill bit at a uniform rate of drilling,
regardless of the rise and fall of the drilling barge, drill ship,
or vessel.
The spooling of the cable onto a cable storage drum, for cable from
1 1/2 inches to 3 inches in diameter, requires that the cable be
spooled onto the storage drum without flattening and with the
convolutions thereof substantially in side by side relation, with a
slight crowd angle to cause the cable to lie in close contact
relation with the previous convolutions thereof.
Various level winding mechanisms have been proposed heretofore, but
these, for the most part, would cause the cable to bend at the
level winding guiding device which guides the cable onto the drum
immediately before the cable is wound onto the drum, which puts
undue strain or wear on the level winding guiding device and, in
the case of highly stressed cables, will cause rapid wear thereon,
and also wear on the cable.
The present traction drum winching mechanism enables the pulling of
heavy loads with a relatively large cable, without flattening or
otherwise damaging the cable, which often results when cable is
wound directly onto a storage drum with the pull causing the cable
being wound thereonto to bury between other convolutions of the
cable when under a great strain.
The present arrangement enables the cable to be reeled in at a
relatively high speed and wound onto a storage drum at a much lower
tension than it would be if the load were being pulled by the drum
on which the cable is wound. In this manner, longer life is had
from the cable, furthermore, the traction drums, which exert the
pull on the cable, which are relatively large in diameter and have
grooves therein, which grooves support a portion of the diameter of
the cable.
It is preferable to have the first one or two grooves of each of
the traction drum sheaves lined with an elastomer, which grooves
receive cable just prior to the cable passing onto the storage drum
or off of the storage drum. With the elastomer, such as a synthetic
rubber, polyurethane, or the like, lining the first one to two
grooves of the traction drum, a greater friction is exerted on the
cable, which friction is multiplied by the number of times the
cable is wrapped around the traction drums. In this manner, great
pulling power may be exerted on the load pulling end of the cable
that extends outward from the traction drums.
It is desirable to wind the cable onto the storage drum at an even
tension, so the cable will be properly and tightly spooled onto the
drum, and at the same time, present sufficient pull on the first
turn of the traction sheave to provide the required pull on the
hoisting cable.
Provision is made to control the tension at which the cable is
wound onto the storage drum, which tension is controlled
independently of the power used to turn the traction drum sheaves
to pull the load. The present traction drum winch is so constructed
as to handle very heavy cables, in a range up to three inches in
diameter, at a relatively high speed. The level winding mechanism
will lay the cable onto the storage drum at substantially a right
angle to the axis thereof, but with a crowd angle sufficient to
cause the cable to lay in close, side by side, convolutions due to
this crowd angle, which is maintained on the cable while it is
winding onto the storage drum, spool, or the like.
Provision is made for varying the torque on the drum as the cable
builds up on the drum, yet the same tension is maintained on the
cable, as for instance, on the first layer of cable, less torque is
applied to winding the cable on the drum and this is automatically
varied as each layer of the cable is wound onto the drum until the
last layer of cable is wound onto the drum.
By making the storage drum and the cable guide means relatively
movable, as the cable is spooled onto the drum, the cable is
properly laid on the drum at all times. The present traction drum
winching mechanism includes the cable storage drum and the level
winding mechanism for directing the cable or layers of cable
tangentially onto the drum, with the cable lying in a plane that is
substantially perpendicular to the axis of the storage drum, except
for the crowd angle that moves the cable against adjoining
convolutions of the cable regardless of the direction the cable is
being wound onto the drum.
An object of this invention is to provide a traction drum winching
mechanism and a sensing device to maintain a constant tension on
drill pipe of a rotary drilling rig, which drilling rig is normally
mounted on a barge, drill ship or vessel, to enable the drill pipe
to remain relatively stationary with respect to the ocean floor,
except for the normal downward movement of the drill pipe due to
the drilling operation, as the barge, drill ship or vessel rises
and falls while floating on the water, due to swells, waves, tides
and the like.
Another object of the invention is to provide a drilling rig system
for barges, drill ships or vessels, which system embodies two
traction drums, with a drilling cable therearound, connected to a
storage drum, the other portion of which drilling cable passes over
the crown block sheaves on the upright supporting derrick structure
and the tension is sensed by a transducer and transmitted to a
transducer pressure receiver which is connected to pressure control
sensing actuator which operates a regulator which will
automatically maintain a regulated tension on the cable which
supports the drill pipe.
Still another object of the invention is to provide an automatic
drilling feed control for a drill line to maintain a constant
weight on the rotary drill bit by continuously slipping a fluid
cooled clutch, as necessary to maintain a regulated tension on the
winch drum.
Another object of this invention is to provide a winding mechanism
for presenting an even tension pull on the cable as the cable is
being wound onto a storage drum without distorting or crushing the
cable.
A further object of the invention is to provide a traction drum
winch which has controlled braking and clutching means on both the
traction drums and the storage drum, so as to present a steady,
even pull on the cable, whether winding up or paying out the cable
automatically at the desired tension.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a level winding
mechanism intermediate the traction drum winching mechanism and the
storage drum, whereby the cable is directed onto a sheave from the
traction drum winching mechanism, at the proper angle, and directed
off of the level winding mechanism at the proper angle, so as to
direct the cable in side by side convolutions onto the storage drum
with sufficient crowd angle to cause the cable to spool
properly.
And still a further object of the invention is to provide a cable
winding mechanism whereby the cable is fed longitudinally into the
level winding mechanism so the cable will not be bent sharply, and
then to direct the cable from a sheave, of relatively large radius,
on the level winding mechanism onto a drum for storage.
Another object of the invention is to provide a slip clutch system
to reel in or pay out the cable at a predetermined constant
tension.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a brake
mechanism which may be set to slip at a predetermined torque to pay
out cable at a predetermined tension.
With these objects in view and others which will become manifest as
the description proceeds, reference is to be had to the
accompanying drawings in which like reference characters designate
like parts in the several views thereof, in which:
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a traction drum winching mechanism
showing a pair of gear driven traction drum sheaves, showing a
plurality of motors connected to the traction drum sheaves in
geared relation, showing a storage drum for winding cable thereonto
and paying cable therefrom, and also showing friction clutches and
friction brakes for controlling the slippage of the clutches so as
to exert a predetermined torque on the various winching
mechanisms;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the fluid actuating systems for
controlling the clutches and brakes of the traction drum winching
mechanism;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of the hydraulic system for actuating
the level winding mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the sheaves which guide the cable onto
the drum, showing the hydraulic mechanism associated therewith
apart from the entire level winding mechanism;
FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view through a variable pressure
control valve for controlling air, to the clutch on the storage
drum, in proportion to the position of a lever as determined by the
layer of the cable being wound onto the storage drum;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view taken on the line 6--6 of FIG.
4, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged sectional view taken on the line 7--7 of FIG.
1, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows, with the drum
frame being omitted, alternate spooling positions of the cable
being shown in dashed outline;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged perspective view of a valve for controlling
the hydraulic fluid to a hydraulically actuated motor;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of the frame of
the level wind mechanism, showing a track thereon with a roller
positioned thereagainst to maintain the carriage of the level wind
mechanism in proper position;
FIG. 10 is a top plan view of a modified form of a traction drum
and drive mechanism, showing the cover of the gear housing being
removed, parts being shown in off-set relation to more clearly
bring out the details of construction;
FIG. 11 is a top plan view of the level winding mechanism and cable
storage drum and drive mechanism as associated with the modified
form of the traction drum, showing the cable extending toward the
traction drum;
FIG. 12 is a side elevational view of the traction drums, as shown
in FIG. 10, showing the drive mechanism connected therewith, and
showing a cable leading from the storage drum thereto and leading
from the traction drum to the load being acted upon, with portions
being broken away to bring out the details of construction;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged sectional view taken on the line 13-13 of
FIG. 12, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows;
FIG. 14 is an exploded view of a segmental, elastomer ring which
may be fitted on at least each of the first grooves of the traction
drum, as shown in FIG. 12;
FIG. 15 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view through a portion
of a modified form of one of the traction drum sheaves and showing
a plurality of elastomer elements within certain grooves of the
sheave and showing the grooves attachably connected to the wheel
portion of the sheave;
FIG. 15A is a fragmentary sectional view, on a reduced scale,
through the hub of one of the traction drum sheaves;
FIG. 15B is a view similar to FIG. 15, but, on a reduced scale, of
a further modified form of traction drum groove arrangement;
FIG. 16 is a fragmentary elevational view of one of the elastomer
retainer rings on the traction drum sheave;
FIG. 17 is a view similar to FIG. 1, but of a further modified form
of the invention, which utilizes a hydraulic cylinder plunger
arrangement to shift the level winding mechanism back and forth to
spool the cable onto the storage drum;
FIG. 17A is a view similar to FIG. 7, but taken on line 17A--17A of
FIG. 17, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows, but with
certain parts omitted to show detailed construction;
FIG. 18 is a view similar to FIG. 2, but for the fluid actuated
clutches and brakes to control the form of the invention as shown
in FIG. 17;
FIG. 19 is a view similar to FIG. 3, but of the hydraulic system to
control a reciprocating hydraulic cylinder-plunger arrangement;
FIG. 20 is an elevational view of a drilling rig mounted on a
barge, drill ship or vessel, which drilling rig uses a traction
drum winching mechanism and showing, diagrammatically, a weight
sensor associated therewith, the upright supporting derrick
structure beiing shown in dashed outline;
FIG. 21 is an enlarged diagrammatic view of the weight sensing
transducer associated with the drilling rig and showing the
transducer pressure receiver and the pressure control sensing
actuator, with the pressure control sensing actuator, connected to
an air actuated, fluid cooled clutch; and
FIG. 22 is an enlarged diagrammatic sectional view through the
diaphragm and diaphragm chamber of the weight sensing
transducer.
With more detailed reference to the drawings, the numeral 1
designates generally a power unit having one or more prime movers
thereon, which prime movers are connected in geared relation, so as
to exert power on a traction drum winching mechanism, generally
designated by the numeral 2, for driving a hoisting mechanism of a
rotary drilling rig on a floating vessel, barge or drill ship, or
any rotary drilling rig. The traction drum winching mechanism 2 is
associated with a level winding mechanism 4, which directs the
cable from the traction drum winching mechanism 2 to a storage drum
mechanism, generally designated by the numeral 6, and vice versa.
The power unit, as shown in FIG. 1, comprises a base or skid frame
8 on which a plurality of motors 10, 12 and 14 are mounted so as to
transmit torque in varying degrees to a drive shaft 16.
The motor 10 is connected through a sprocket and chain arrangement
18 with a clutch 20, and when clutch 20 is engaged, it connects the
motor 10 with a countershaft 22 which is connected to drive shaft
16 by a chain and sprocket arrangement 24 or 24A. When it is
desired to use one motor, the motors 12 and 14 are not energized
and may be left in disconnected relation with respect to
countershaft 22. A gear 26 is mounted on and secured to drive shaft
16 and connected in driving relation with driven gears 28 and 30 to
rotate the gears in the same direction. The gears 28 and 30 are
mounted on and secured to the respective shafts 32 and 34, which
shafts are journaled in bearings 36 and 38 respectively. Traction
drums 40 and 42 are mounted on and secured to the respective shafts
32 and 34. Outboard, floating bearings 44 and 46 are journaled on
the respective shafts 32 and 34 and are mounted on a spreader beam
48 which extends between the outer ends of the shafts 32 and 34 to
hold the shafts a spaced distance apart.
Each of the traction drums 40 and 42 is grooved, which grooves are
complemental with the cable which passes around the traction
drums.
A cable storage drum 50 is mounted on support frame 52, which drum
is in journaled relation with respect thereto, and is driven
through clutch 54 by a motor 56, which drives through endless
transmission arrangement 58, which may be sprockets and a chain.
The clutch 54 is of the water cooled, fluid pressure actuated type,
with the water passing into rotary fluid seal 60, through conduit
62 and out through conduit 64 after having passed through clutch 54
in a manner as shown in my co-pending application, Ser. No.
713,094, Method of and Apparatus For Maintaining a Constant Tension
on the Drill Pipe of a Rotary Drilling Rig From a Floating Platform
or the like. The clutch 54 is fluid actuated with the fluid passing
through rotary seal 66 from fluid supply conduit 68 in a manner
best illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 2. The drum 50 has a
brake flange 51 thereon and conventional brake bands 53 are used,
which brake bands are operated in a manner well known in the art of
hoisting drums. A fluid cooled, air actuated brake 70 is secured in
fixed relation with respect to frame 52 by a support yoke 74. The
fluid actuated brake is preferably of the disc type and is air
actuated, with the braking being effected by introducing and
releasing air through conduit 76.
It is to be pointed out that varying degrees of torque may be
applied to drum 50 by a variable fluid pressure control valve 78
which operates to increase the torque as convolutions of the cable
80 build up in layers on drum 50.
Adjacent the frame 52, of the storage drum mechanism 6, is a frame
82 on which the level winding mechanism 4 is mounted. The level
winding mechanism 4 directs the cable 80 from the traction drum 40
onto a sheave 84, mounted on a stationary axis, so as to direct the
cable at right angles therefrom and onto movable sheave 86, which
is mounted on longitudinally movable carriage 88. The carriage 88
has wheels 91 thereon, which wheels are mounted on longitudinal
rails 90, as will best be seen in FIGS. 1 and 7.
The cable from the level winding mechanism 4 has been shown as
being directed around sheaves so the traction drum winching
mechanism may be located in a certain arrangement, as shown in FIG.
1, however, this is for purposes of illustration and the traction
drum winching mechanism may be located in any suitable relation to
the level winding mechanism, so long as the cable entering onto the
sheave 86 is substantially parallel with the axis of the storage
drum 50. The storage drum 50 can be at any convenient location with
respect to the traction drum sheaves, either on the same level, or
on different levels, and arranged in any suitable relation with
respect thereto.
The movable carriage 88 moves back and forth on longitudinal rails
or track 90 and has an outwardly extending shaft 88A on one side
thereof on which shaft a roller 88D is journaled to extend below an
inwardly extending track 82A secured to stationary frame 82. The
opposite side of the movable frame 88 has a shaft 88C secured
thereto, which shaft has a roller 88D journaled thereon, which
roller is in rolling engagement with track 82B on the upper face of
stationary frame 82. Since the side pull of cable 80, winding onto
the storage drum 50, will tend to cause roller 88B to engage the
underside of track 82A and the roller 88D will engage the upper
surface of track 82B, the movable carriage will be free to move
back and forth on track 90 without binding.
As the carriage 88 moves longitudinally back and forth on track 90,
it directs cable 80 over the sheave 86 onto storage drum 50
substantially perpendicular thereto, except for a crowd angle
exerted on cable 80 by sheaves 92 mounted on arms 126 and 128,
which will cause the convolutions of the cable 80 to lay in side by
side relation, at the closeness desired, in accordance with the
setting of the valve shift mechanism, generally designated by the
numeral 94, as will be more fully brought out hereinafter.
Sheaves 98 and 100 are mounted on the frame of movable suppport
frame 104 so as to cause the cable to properly pass over sheave 86
as the cable may sometimes be as great in diameter as three inches
or more, which requires that the cable be guided into and out of
sheave 84 to properly pass the cable from the storage drum 50 onto
the traction drum 40.
As the cable winds onto storage drum 50, the carriage 88 will be
moved back and forth to move the cable 80 from the position as
indicated in full outline in FIG. 7, to that shown in dashed
outline, to properly spool the cable 80 onto storage drum 50. The
movable carriage 88 has upstanding supports 102 thereon to
pivotally mount a movable sheave support frame 104, on which
support frame 104 and sheaves 86, 92, 98 and 100 are journaled,
with the frame 104 pivoting about an axle 106. A variable pressure
control valve 78 is mounted on frame 88 and has a lever 79 thereon
which controls the mechanism within the valve to vary the pressure
in accordance with the movement of lever 79. An adjustable linkage
108 pivotally connects the lever 79, of the variable pressure valve
78, with an upstanding apertured lug 110 mounted on pivoted frame
104, with the frame being movable about the axis of axle 106 as the
height of the convolutions of the cable 80 vary on drum 50, which
in turn will cause the valve 78 to vary the fluid pressure to
conduit 68 leading to clutch 54 so as to present a substantially
constant tension on cable 80 in accordance with the setting of
variable pressure valve 78.
A fluid motor 112 (FIG. 4), which is preferably a hydraulic motor,
is mounted on stationary frame 82 and drives through sprocket and
chain arrangement 114 to drive a gear reduction unit 116 which has
a sprocket 118 mounted on shaft 120. A chain 122 (FIG. 11) is
anchored to one end of carriage 88 and passes around sprocket 118
and around sprocket 124, mounted on a shaft on stationary frame 82,
with the chain 122 being anchored to the movable carriage 88, at
the opposite end thereof, so, upon the rotation of sprocket 118 in
one direction, the carriage 88 will be moved longitudinally along
track 90 so the cable 80 winding onto the storage drum 50 will be
guided, in side by side relation thereonto, or off of the drum in
accordance with the use of the cable.
Sheaves 92 are journaled on arms 126 and 128, which arms are
mounted on movable frame 104. The arm 128 is pivotally connected to
arm 126 by a pivot pin 130. The arm 126 is pivoted to movable frame
104 by pivot pin 132 with a spring 134 biased between arms 126 and
128 to urge sheaves 92 into contact relation with opposite sides of
cable 80, as will best be seen in FIG. 4. An outwardly extending
apertured lug 136 is secured to a side of the arm 126 and pivotally
mounts an apertured lever 138, one end of which lever is pivotally
connected to a hydraulic steering type valve body 140 at one end,
with the plunger 142 of the hydraulic steering valve being
pivotally connected to an apertured lug 144 which is secured to the
opposite side of the arm 126. The lever 138 is pivotally connected
at its opposite end to a linkage 146, which in turn is pivotally
connected to an outstanding apertured lever 148 on the valve shift
mechanism 94, which mechanism 94 is mounted on one of the shafts
150 (FIG. 6), with the body portion 152 of the mechanism being in
journaled relation with respect to the shaft 150. A clutch plate
154 is secured to the shaft to cause a frictional drag, with
respect to the body portion 152, which turns the body portion 152
arcuately until lug 151 engages the set screws 155 on movable
support frame 104, which limits the arcuate movement of body
portion 104, which varies the longitudinal movement of hydraulic
valve 140 to control arms 126 and 128 to crowd the cable 80 against
the previous convolution to the proper degree.
Friction material 156 (FIG. 6) is provided intermediate the body
portion 152 and the clutch plate 154, so upon tightening of
adjustment screw 158 against tension of spring 160, a toothed plate
162, which complementally engages internal teeth 153 in body
portion 152, will engage friction member 156 to cause a frictional
drag between the plate 154 and the body portion 152. Therefore,
when the shaft 150 is rotated upon one of the wheels 91 rolling in
one direction, the shaft 150 will be rotated, in the same direction
to move the body 152 and lug 151 and lever 148 about the axis of
the shaft 150, a predetermined degree, as determined by the space
between adjustment screws 155, to move the linkage 146 in one
direction which will shift the pivoted lever 138 to move the valve
body 140, of the hydraulic power steering type valve with respect
to plunger 142. This will cause a flow of hydraulic fluid to be
directed from reservoir 164 (FIG. 3) through conduit 166 into pump
168, thence, under pressure, to hydraulic valve body 140, and, with
the valve in the proper position, fluid will be directed to the
motor 112 to rotate the motor in one direction, which, through
sprocket and chain arrangement 114 and gear reduction unit 116,
will cause sprocket 118 to move chain 122 therearound.
Upon the initial movement of the carriage 88, to which the chain
122 is attached, the body portion 152 will be shifted, which in
turn, through linkage 146, levers 138 and 126, will shift the
sheaves 92 in a direction to cause the cable to lay in close
relation to the preceding convolution, when winding in one
direction, and upon moving the steering valve body 140 to another
position, fluid will be directed from the pump 168 to the hydraulic
motor 112 to rotate the motor in the opposite direction. This, in
turn, will rotate the sprocket 118 to move the carriage 88 in the
opposite direction and upon the initial movement of the carriage,
the wheel 91, which is mounted on and secured to shaft 150, will
turn the shaft 150, which through the friction engagement of clutch
plate 154 with friction members 156, will move the body portion 152
about the axis of shaft 150, a limited degree, to move linkage 146
to shift the valve body 140 so that the arms 126 and 128 wil urge
the sheaves 92 to move the cable against the adjoining convolution
in the opposite direction to cause the cable to spool smoothly onto
the storage drum 50.
The sheave 100 is mounted on a pivoted lever 101 so by adjusting
screwthreaded member 103, which is pivotally attached to the lever,
the sheave may be adjusted with respect to cable 80.
It is preferable to have the frames 52, 82, 8 and 172 rigidly
connected together as by bolts so as to form a composite unit when
in operation, however, these frames may be separated as units so
they may be easily handled for transportation and storage.
The groove of sheave 84 is in aligned relation with the cable
coming off of traction drum sheave 40 in tangential relation so
that the cable will pass from sheave 84 onto traction drums 40 and
42, so that a multiplicity of wraps of the cable 80 will pass over
the grooves of drums 40 and 42 in side by side relation, with the
end of the cable passing off of the groove on drum 42 on the
opposite side from the groove on which it entered drum 40. The
cable 80 passes from traction drum sheave 42 upward into an upright
supporting derrick structure 173, used with rotary drilling rigs
for drilling bore holes in the floor of the ocean from barges,
drill ships or vessels.
It is preferable to have the first one or two grooves of the
traction drum sheaves 40 and 42, which receive the cable from
storage drum 50, lined with a concave elastomer member, such as
synthetic rubber or plastic, such as polyurethane or the like, as
indicated at 174, and as will best be seen in FIG. 15. These
members 174 may be made circular or in arcuate segments, FIG. 14,
to fit within dovetail recesses between retainer rings 176 and 178,
which retainer rings and elastomer members are held in fixed
relation on the sheaves by bolts 180. The remaining annular groove
members 182 and 184 of the sheave 40 are preferably metal and may
be removably fitted on a wheel-like member 186 and secured thereto
by bolts 188. The wheel-like members 186 may be retained on shafts
32 and 34 by a tapered hub arrangement 190 and 191, as shown in
FIG. 15A, so that any of the grooved members 174, 182, 184, and the
wheel-like members 186 may be readily removed and replaced.
The sheave 42 has grooves therein which are complementary to the
grooves of sheave 40 for cable 80 to pass therearound, and the
first two grooves of sheave 42 each have elastomer members 174
therein, however, grooved members 175 are annular and are fitted on
a flat face 175D of a sheave wheel 186A, so when a bolt 180A is
passed through an annular rim 178A and screwthreaded into
wheel-like members 186A, the annular rim 178A causes the grooved
members 174 and 175 to bindingly engage each other in side by side
relation, which forms a slip clutch, so when torque is placed on
the annular grooved members 175 to such extent that the cable 80
will slip, the faces of the grooved members 175 will slip between
themselves and on the face 175B so as to maintain the tension all
reaches of the cable between the traction drum sheaves 40 and 42
substantially uniform and taut, which prevents wear on the cable
and enables greater pulling to be had with the traction drum sheave
arrangement. With the grooved members 175 made in this manner,
these may be readily replaced, should they become worn, by removing
bolt 180A and annular rim 178A, and replacing the worn grooved
members 175 with members which are not worn.
The above form of the invention has been described as using one
motor 10, which drives through clutch 20, which clutch 20 is of the
water cooled, air actuated type as shown in my co-pending
application, Ser. No. 713,094, for METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
MAINTAINING A CONSTANT TENSION ON THE DRILL PIPE OF A ROTARY
DRILLING RIG FROM A FLOATING PLATFORM OR THE LIKE, which clutch is
controlled by a pressure controlled sensing actuator 204, as shown
in FIGS. 21 and 22, which is associated with derrick 173, FIG.
20.
The upright supporting derrick structure 173 is supported on a deck
or base structure 206 of the barge or drill ship, which barge or
drill ship may support the traction drum winching mechanism which
is driven by the prime mover unit 1, as hereinbefore set out. The
drilling rig is provided with a control console 212 from which to
control the various operations of the rig. The cable 80 leads from
the traction drum winching mechanism 2, which cable 80 passes over
sheaves 208 on crown block 214, which crown block has a portion of
the weight thereof supported on a pivoted lever 216 on the top of
the derrick 173, so as to transmit a proportionate amount of weight
to a transducer 218 through a piston element 220. The transducer
218 will transmit pressure through fluid conduit 222 (FIG. 21) to a
transducer pressure receiver 224, which transducer pressure
receiver will actuate pressure control sensing actuator 204, which
has fluid control valves therein, to direct fluid, under pressure,
from a fluid supply conduit 226 into and through conduit 228 and
multiple position switching valve 232 to the stationary portion of
rotary seal 230 on clutch 20, or to clutch 20A or both or to an off
position as desired. Switching to clutch 20 enables the motor 10 to
drive through countershaft 22 and through low speed sprocket and
chain arrangement 24 to drive shaft 16, if the clutch 23,
associated with the sprocket on shaft 16 which drives sprocket and
chain arrangement 24, is engaged. However, with the above sprocket
and chain arrangement in driving relation, the clutch 23 associated
with the sprocket on shaft 16 which drives the high speed sprocket
and chain arrangement 24A to drive shaft 16 is disengaged, in a
manner well known in the art of transmissions.
The pressure controlled sensing actuator is interposed between
conduits 226 and 228, with the conduit 228 leading to a switching
valve 232 which enables switching the pressure either to clutch 20
or to clutch 20A, or the sensing actuator may be moved to a
position to enable the clutches 20 and 20A to be simultaneously
actuated at a pressure as controlled by the pressure controlled
sensing actuator 204, which enables either one, two or three motors
of the prime mover unit 1, to be used, or the valve may be moved to
a position to disengage both clutches.
Each of the clutches 20, 20A and 54 is fluid cooled in the manner
set out in the above named co-pending application Ser. No. 713,094.
The cooling fluid entering and leaving the respective inlets may be
from any suitable source and may be a fluid, such as water. The
same is ture of the fluid inlets of the fluid cooled brakes 70 and
192.
The shafts 32 and 34 have brake drums 32A and 34A respectively
thereon, which brake drums are engageable by brake bands in a
manner well understood in the art of brakes, and the mechanism for
operation of these brakes is considered conventional and has not
been shown, so as to simplify the showing of the present
invention.
An air actuated, fluid cooled, disc type brake 192 (FIG. 2) is
mounted on the drive shaft 16 and the body portion thereof is
anchored against rotation, as by yoke 194, so upon air, under
pressure, being directed into conduit 196, by valve (not shown),
which preferably is variable pressure valve, braking to a desired
degree is effected on the drive shaft 16, which holds or retards
the rotation of gear 26 which interengages gears 28 and 30, which
gears are mounted on the respective shafts 32 and 34 to hold or
retard the rotation of traction drum sheaves 40 and 42. A cooling
fluid, such as water, is directed into the conduit 200 and out
through conduit 202 to maintain the brake at an operating
temperature below which the friction elements thereof will be
damaged.
MODIFIED FORM OF A TRACTION DRUM WINCHING MECHANISM
A modified form of the traction drum winching mechanism is shown in
FIGS. 10 through 12 and all numbers that designate like parts are
considered the same as for the aforementioned form of the
invention, however, such parts as are not comparable to the
aforementioned form of the invention carry different numbers.
The present form of the invention comprises three units with a
numeral 250 designating the traction drum winching mechanism unit,
as shown in FIG. 10, which includes a power unit 258 and change
gear mechanism 268 and 270 for driving the traction drums 40 and
42. The numeral 252 designates a level wind mechanism, which is
comparable to the level wind mechanism designated as 4 in the
aforementioned form of the invention, and the cable storage drum
unit designated generally by the numeral 254 is comparable with the
cable storage drum unit designated generally by the numeral 6 in
the aforementioned form of the invention.
The traction drums 40 and 42 are driven by the power unit 258, such
as a motor which drives through an endless transmission mechanism
260, such as a sprocket and chain arrangement to a jack shaft 262
on which low and high speed sprockets 264 and 266 are mounted.
These sprockets drive through chains 268 and 270, respectively, to
drive clutches 272 and 274 to selectively drive a countershaft 276
in the desired gear ratio, as the clutch 272 carries a larger
sprocket 278 and the clutch 274 carries a smaller sprocket 280. A
sprocket 282 is mounted on and secured to countershaft 276 and
drives through a chain 284 to a sprocket 286 on brake shaft 288.
The brake shaft is journaled in a housing 290 in which shafts 262,
276, 288 and pinion gear shaft 292 are journaled. A sprocket 294 is
mounted on and secured to brake shaft 288 and drives through chain
296 to drive a sprocket 298 mounted on and secured to pinion gear
shaft 292.
A pair of shafts 300 and 302 are journaled within the respective
bearings 301 and 303 in housing 290, which shafts are parallel to
shaft 292, which shaft 292 mounts a pinion gear 26, which is
secured thereto. The pinion gear is in mesh with gears 28 and 30
mounted on and secured to the respective shafts 300 and 302. The
shaft 300 has a traction drum 40 mounted on and secured thereto for
rotation therewith and the shaft 302 has a traction drum 42 mounted
thereon and secured thereto and rotatable therewith so, as the
pinion gear 26 rotates gears 28 and 30 in either direction, the
traction drums 40 and 42 will be rotated in unison. The shaft 300
of the traction drum 40 has a bearing 44 on the outer end thereof
and the shaft 302 of the traction drum 42 has a bearing 46 on the
outer end thereof, which bearings are mounted in a spreader beam 48
which holds the bearings in proper spaced apart relation.
It is to be pointed out that the annular grooves in traction drum
40 are offset approximately one-half the width of the grooves with
respect to alignment with the annular grooves in traction drum 42
so the cable 304 passing therearound will be fed from one traction
drum to the other with a minimum of wear on the cable 304. The form
of the traction drum winch as shown in FIGS. 10 and 12, may be used
to maintain a predetermined constant tension on a cable for various
uses, one of which uses includes cable connected to ship anchors
and when a multiplicity of such winches and anchors are used, the
tension of cable 304 against an anchor, such as a deep sea anchor
or other object which is not readily movable, a drilling barge,
drill ship or vessel may be maintained substantially stationary,
vertically, with respect to a particular location over the floor of
the ocean, such as a bore hole of a well being drilled. With the
proper amount of air pressure impressed on clutch 272 or clutch 274
through air supply line 271 or 273, the cable 304 on the traction
drums 40 and 42 will be payed out or reeled in, in uniform fashion
so that a minimum of lateral movement of the drill ship, or the
like, will occur.
In the arrangement shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the cable 304 to the
level winding mechanism 252 passes over sheave 308 to sheave 86 on
the level winding device 252, which in turn, directs the cable 304
onto the storage drum 50 at substantially a right angle to the
drum. The storage drum 50 can be at any convenient location with
resepct to the traction drum sheaves 40 and 42, either on the same
level or on different levels and arranged in suitable angular
relation with respect thereto. The anchor (not shown) is connected
to the fairlead end 306 of the cable 304 with the opposite end of
the cable passing around a guide sheave 308 and through the level
wind mechanism designated generally at 252, in a manner afore set
out for the level wind 6, and thence onto cable storage drum 50 of
cable storage drum unit 254, which cable is wound onto the cable
storage drum in side by side relation at a constant tension
delivered through variable torque produced by clutch 54 which is
driven by motor 56. The traction drums 40 and 42 may have concave
elastomer lining members 174 fitted in the first groove or the
first two grooves of the respective traction drums 40 and 42 that
directs the cable 304 to the storage drum 50. The elastomer lining
members 174 may be annular and in one piece, or they may be made up
of arcuate segments, as shown in FIG. 14.
The traction drum sheaves 40 and 42 are preferably made to be
readily removed from the shafts 300 and 302 by removing tapered hub
arrangement 190 and 191, as shown in FIG. 15A, which hubs are held
in place by bolts 190A and 191A. A fluid cooled, fluid pressure
actuated disc type brake 309 is positioned on brake shaft 288 and
the outer portion thereof is secured in nonrotatable relation with
respect to the housing 290, as by bracket or torque arm 310, so
upon application of air through air supply pipe 312, the brake may
be engaged to the desired degree and slipped continuously, as it is
cooled by fluid passing into inlet conduit 314 and out through
conduit 316 to maintain the friction elements therein at a
temperature below that at which the friction elements will be
damaged, or a predetermined tension may be put on the brake by a
predetermined air pressure and the brake will not slip until the
pull thereon exceeds the setting of the brake, in this manner the
brake may be set to slip at a load which will approach, but not
reach, the breaking limit of cable 304.
Reference is had to the aforementioned description with respect to
the level winding device and for the sake of brevity, the detailed
description thereof is not repeated here. Furthermore, description
with respect to the fluid cooled, fluid pressure actuated clutch
54, as well as the fluid cooled, fluid pressure actuated brake 70,
is not repeated here, nor the description and operation of the
cable storage drum 50.
A STILL FURTHER MODIFIED FORM OF THE TRACTION DRUM WINCHING
MECHANISM FOR DRILLING RIGS MOUNTED ON DRILL SHIPS AND THE LIKE
A still further modified form of the traction drum winching
mechanism for drilling rigs, drill ships and the like, is shown in
FIGS. 17, 17A 18 and 19, wherein the power unit comprising a
plurality of prime movers, a change speed transmission and pressure
controlled slip clutches, interposed between the prime movers, and
a drive shaft for a traction drum is designated generally by the
numeral 401, which is substantially identical in construction with
the power unit 1 of the form of the invention as shown in FIGS. 1
through 9 and has the same application and the same numbers will be
used for corresponding parts.
The traction drum winching mechanism is designated by the numeral
402, which is substantially identical with the traction drum
winching mechanism 2 in the aforementioned form of the invention
and the corresponding parts will carry corresponding numerals. The
level winding mechanism 404 is a hydraulically actuated level
winding mechanism and is similar to the level winding mechanism 4,
described in the aforementioned form of the invention, except the
level winding mechanism 404 is moved longitudinally on a track with
a cylinder plunger arrangement instead of a hydraulic motor and
chain drive arrangement. A cable storage drum mechanism is
designated generally by the numeral 406, which is identical with
the form of the invention as shown in FIGS. 1 through 9, and like
numbers for the corresponding parts will be used for the sake of
brevity and to simplify the description.
As the cable 80 passes from traction drum sheave 40 onto a sheave
84 in the level winding unit 404, the cable 80 is directed parallel
with the axis of the storage drum 50 onto and around a sheave 86,
which cable 80 is held within the groove of sheave 86 by groove
sheaves 98 and 100 which insures that the cable will pass off of
sheave 86 onto storage drum 50 so that the cable 80 will be at
substantially right angles to the surface of the drum on which the
cable is being wound. As the cable 80 is being wound onto storage
drum 50, a plunger 408, which is mounted in hydraulic cylinder 410,
is secured to movable carriage 88 and the opposite end of cylinder
410 is secured to stationary frame 82. The plungear 408 moves the
movable carriage 88, mounted on wheels 91, back and forth on
parallel tracks 90 on stationary frame 82.
The movable carriage 88, FIGS. 17 and 17A, is of the same
construction as the carriage shown in the form of the invention
illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 9, except the respective conduits
141 and 143, which lead from the hydraulic switching valve body
140, lead to opposite ends of cylinder 410, so upon hydraulic fluid
being withdrawn from reservoir 164 into conduit 166 by pump 168,
and with the plunger 142 of the hydraulic switching valve in one
position in the body 140, hydraulic fluid will be directed to one
end of cylinder 410 which will move the plunger 408 in one
direction to discharge hydraulic fluid from the opposite end of
cylinder 410 through body 140 of the hydraulic switching valve and
back into reservoir 164. With the plunger 142 in another position
with respect to the valve body 140, the hydraulic fluid will be
directed into the opposite end of the hydraulic cylinder 410 to
move plunger 408 in the opposite direction and the hydraulic fluid
in the opposite end of the hydraulic cylinder 410 will be
discharged out through body 140 of the hydraulic switching valve
into conduit 145 and into the reservoir 164. This arrangement will
move the carriage 88 longitudinally back and forth on track 90 when
switched at each end of the stroke in spooling cable 80 onto the
storage drum 50.
To accomplish the switching and the proper crowd angle, a movable
frame 104 is pivotally mounted on movable carriage 88, which frame
104 has an arm 126 pivoted thereto by pivot pin 132 and arm 128 is
pivoted to arm 126 by pivot pin 130, with a spring 134 biased
between the arms 126 and 128 on the ends thereof opposite cable
guide sheaves 92 to hold the sheaves in binding engagement with the
opposite sides of cable 80.
The hydraulic power steering type valve, comprising valve body 140
and plunger 142, for switching the hydraulic fluid alternately to
conduits leading to hydraulic motor 112 and to opposite ends of the
hydraulic cylinder 410 for reciprocating plunger 408 thereof, is of
the character as disclosed in patents to Robert A. Garrison, U.S.
Pat. No. RE23,867, reissued Sept. 14, 1954, and U.S. Pat. No.
2,824,447 issued Feb. 25, 1958, as manufactured by the Garrison
Manufacturing Co. of Los Angeles, California, therefore, no
detailed description of the internal construction thereof is given
herein.
When the carriage 88 has moved longitudinally along the length of
storage drum 50 and the cable 80 engages an end flange of the
storage drum and starts winding an additional layer of cable on the
storage drum in the opposite direction, will cause carriage 88 to
reverse movement thereby causing wheels 91, attached to shaft 150
and engaging stationary frame 82, to reverse rotation which will
cause shaft 150 attached thereto to rotate in the opposite
direction, which will cause the housing 154, which is frictionally
connected to shaft 150, to move arcuately. The housing 152 and
valve shift mechanism 94 will be shifted an arcuate amount as
determined by lug 153 moving between adjustment screws 155. The
housing 152, which is in frictional engagement with clutch plate
154, will cause the linkage 146 to shift the distance as determined
by the movement of lug 153 between adjustment screws 155.
Upon movement of linkage 146, lever 138 will be moved to move the
body 140 of hydraulic switching power steering type valve, and with
the plunger 142 of the valve connected to outstanding lug 144, the
pivoted arm 126, together with arm 128 associated therewith will
urge cable guide sheaves 92 against cable 80 to hold cable 80
against the preceding convolutions of cable on the storage drum 50,
but with a crowd angle exerted on the cable being so spooled so as
to maintain the cable in proper, tightly spooled relation on the
storage drum 50.
The hydraulic cylinder and plunger arrangement 410 and 408 will
urge the carriage 80 along track 90 to move the cable guide sheaves
92 to properly spool the cable in side by side relation onto
storage drum 50, with the variable pressure valve 78 varying the
pressure to clutch 54, so as to maintain a substantially constant
tension on cable 80, which is being wound onto storage drum 50, at
a tension less than that being exerted on the cable in pulling the
load by the traction drums 40 and 42. In this manner, the cable 80
is wound onto the storage drum 50 in proper relation and without
damage to the cable.
This form of the invention utilizes the same weight sensing
controls for drilling rigs as described for the first mentioned
form of the invention and as particularly shown in FIGS. 18, 20, 21
and 22.
The upright supporting derrick structure 173 has the cable 80
anchored thereto at a suitable anchor point on the base of upright
supporting derrick structure 173 so that the traveling block 234
will be supported by calbe 80, which traveling block supports
swivel 236, which swivel supports a Kelly 238 to which a drill pipe
240 is attached. The drill pipe 240 has the usual drill collars 242
thereon, and a bit 244 for drilling the bore hole 246. A rotary
table is indicated at 248 to rotate the Kelley 238. A conduit 222
leads from transducer 218 to the transducer pressure receiver 224,
as hereinbefore set out.
* * * * *