U.S. patent number 3,842,902 [Application Number 05/376,692] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-22 for labyrinthian fan.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Hayes-Albion Corporation. Invention is credited to Warren P. Poslusny.
United States Patent |
3,842,902 |
Poslusny |
October 22, 1974 |
LABYRINTHIAN FAN
Abstract
An improved fan including means to form a seal at the fan tips
and means to form a labyrinthian seal in the shroud gap. The
combination of seals increases the effective airflow of the fan,
reduces the operational noise, and reduces the horsepower required
to drive the fan.
Inventors: |
Poslusny; Warren P. (Jackson,
MI) |
Assignee: |
Hayes-Albion Corporation
(Jackson, MI)
|
Family
ID: |
23486057 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/376,692 |
Filed: |
July 5, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
165/51;
123/41.49; 415/173.6; 416/192; 277/419; 165/122; 415/174.5;
417/195; 277/420 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F04D
29/164 (20130101); F04D 29/326 (20130101); F01D
11/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F04D
29/32 (20060101); F01D 11/08 (20060101); F04D
29/08 (20060101); F04D 29/16 (20060101); F28f
013/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;165/134,51,122
;123/41.49 ;415/DIG.1,171,172 ;277/53-57 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Antonakas; Manuel A.
Assistant Examiner: Richter; S. J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cline; John L.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In an automotive cooling system the combination comprising:
a heat exchanger and an automotive engine mounted for both axial
and radial movement with respect to each other;
a fan rotatably mounted to said engine and having a plurality of
blades and including sealing means for creating a labyrinth seal;
and
a shroud mounted to said heat exchanger and encircling said fan,
said shroud having means for coacting with said sealing means on
said fan to form a labyrinth seal in the gap between said shroud
and said fan;
said means on said fan and said shroud which form said labyrinth
seal being disposed such that relative axial and radial movement
therebetween does not interfere with the rotation of said fan.
2. The system set forth in claim 1 wherein said sealing means is a
U-shaped hoop circumferentially disposed about said fan blades and
said coacting means is an inwardly turned flange on said
shroud.
3. The system set forth in claim 2 wherein the tip of said flange
is substantially aligned with the tips of said U-shaped sealing
means.
4. The system set forth in claim 2 wherein the tip of said flange
is disposed within the bight of said U-shaped sealing means.
5. In an automotive cooling system the combination comprising:
a radiator and an automotive engine mounted for movement with
respect to each other;
a fan rotatably mounted to said engine and having a pluarlity of
blades and including a substantially U-shaped hoop disposed about
the perimeter of said blades for creating a labyrinth seal; and
a shroud mounted to said heat exchanger and encircling said fan,
said shroud having an inwardly depending flange entering the bight
of said hoop for coacting with said hoop to form a labyrinth seal
in the gap between said shroud and said fan;
said hoop and said flange which form said labyrinth seal being
disposed such that relative axial and radial movement therebetween
does not interfere with the rotation of said fan.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to engine cooling systems and in particular
to an improved fan system for use in the cooling systems.
The automotive industry has been faced with ever increasing cooling
demands in vehicles. Increases in engine size and the addition of
both pollution control equipment and power operated accessories
have contributed to the need for higher cooling capacity.
At the same time as the demands for higher cooling capacity have
increased, the demand for quieter operation has likewise increased.
Because, in general, the noise attributed to the fan increases as
its capacity to cool increases, the industry has been faced with a
dilemma.
Also, with the addition of more auxillary equipment it is desirable
to reduce the horsepower demands of the fan. This has been
difficult because the horsepower needed to drive the fan, in
general, increases as its capacity to cool increases.
There have been attempts to solve this problem. One of these is the
flex-fan, which reduces pitch as engine speed increases and thereby
reduces the noise and horsepower necessary to drive the fan at high
speeds. Other fans have been developed which are temperature
sensitive. They reduce pitch as the ambient and/or engine
termperature is lowered and therefore reduce noise and horsepower
requirements when the cooling capacity is unnecessary. Other
devices change the fan speed as a function of temperature.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention presents a fan and a combination of a fan and shroud
which dramatically increases the useable air flow of a given fan,
improves its efficiency, and at the same time reduces the noise.
Typically, the air flow is increased with a net decrease in noise.
That is, the additional noise produced by the increased air flow is
less than that eliminated by use of the invention.
If it is desired to maintain a certain airflow, large reductions in
noise are observed in systems constructed in accordance with this
invention. The constant airflow may be achieved by lessening the
pitch and/or diameter of the fan and also by reducing its operating
rotational speed. Thus, systems constructed in accordance with this
invention produce less noise, require less input horsepower, and
produce greater airflow than prior art fans.
The prior art fans are normally affixed to the engine which in turn
is resiliently mounted to the vehicle frame. This resiliency
isolates engine vibration from the vehicle and results in the
engine moving as a reaction to its output torque. A heat exchanger
or radiator and a stationary shroud are solidly mounted to the
vehicle frame. To accommodate the relative movement between the fan
and stationary shroud, and to allow for variances in installation,
it is normal to provide clearance between these two members of 3/4
to 1 inch radially.
The invention accomplishes the remarkable improvements without
reducing these required clearances. A rotating member is added to
the fan at the periphery with a minimum clearance between the blade
tips and this member, hereinafter referred to as a rotating shroud.
This rotating shroud coacts with the stationary shroud, a box-like
enclosure attached to the radiator. These two shrouds form a
labyrinth seal in the clearance space between them, hereinafter
referred to as the shroud gap.
Three separate phenomena exist at the outside diameter of prior art
fans: (1) a localized flow of air from the pressure side of a blade
to its suction side over the blade tip; (2) a toroidal circulation
of air from the exhaust side of the fan to the inlet side of the
fan; and (3) a continuous shearing action through these turbulent
flow regimes caused by the fan blade rotation.
The addition of the rotating shroud to the fan circumference, with
minimal clearances, effectively limits air flow from the pressure
side of the fan blade to its suction side over the blade tip. The
rotating shroud coacting with the stationary shroud in a labyrinth
sealing relationship greatly reduces the recirculating toroidal
flow from the high-pressure fan discharge to the lowpressure fan
inlet zone in the shroud gap. The entire system thereby minimizes
and mechanically separates the undesired turbulent flows. This
action significantly reduces blade shear through turbulent flow
patterns and results in improved useful air delivery, reduced input
horsepower requirements, and greatly reduced noise generation.
In the preferred embodiment, a labyrinthian fan is constructed by
disposing a U-shaped rotating shroud around the circumference of
the fan. The fore and aft disc portions of the U-channel extend
radially outwardly from the fan circumference. The stationary
shroud, a box-like structure, includes a circular orifice of lesser
dimension than the sides of the box. This orifice is disposed
between the disc portions of the rotating shroud forming a
labyrinth seal in the shroud gap. Thus, the recirculation flows are
reduced and the concurrent benefits of reduced noise, increased
airflow, and reduced horsepower are realized.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The features of this invention will become more apparent in the
following detailed description of a preferred embodiment when read
in conjunction with the figures in which:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a fan and shroud constructed in accordance
with the principles of this invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fan and shroud shown in
FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 schematically depicts the problem in the prior art solved by
this invention.
FIG. 4 schematically depicts the air flow associated with fans
constructed in accordance with this invention.
FIGS. 5-9 schematically illustrate exemplary alternate embodiments
of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A labyrinthian fan constructed in accordance with the principles of
this invention is denoted generally by the reference numeral 10 in
FIGS. 1 and 2. The fan includes a central hub 12 with mounting
holes 14. A plurality of blades 16 emanate radially from the hub
12. The particular type of fan is immaterial to this invention and
thus the fan 10 has been illustrated somewhat diagrammatically.
However, this invention may be used with any type of fan such as
flex-fans, temperature sensitive fans and the like.
A sealing member 18 is affixed to the tips of the fan blades 16. In
this preferred embodiment the sealing member 18 is in the form of a
U-shaped channel, however, as will be treated in detail
hereinafter, other configurations could be used. The U-shape is
preferred because of its rigidity in resisting deformation and the
resulting stresses when the fan 10 is rotating. The sealing member
18 may be attached to the fan blades in any conventional manner;
i.e., bolts, rivets, welds and the like.
As seen in FIG. 2 the fan 10 is positioned behind a radiator 20. A
box-like stationary shroud 22 surrounds the fan 10. The shroud 22
includes a downwardly turned flange 24 which operates in
conjunction with the sealing member 18 to form a labyrinth seal at
the shroud gap 30.
Turning now to FIGS. 3 and 4, the operating principles of this
invention, as now understood, will be described. FIG. 3 illustrates
a conventional fan blade 26, which is rotatably mounted behind a
heat exchanger or radiator 20 to the engine 34 by conventional
means (not shown) and a shroud 28. Because the engine to which the
fan is mounted moves relative to the shroud 28, a shroud gap 30 is
provided to prevent contact between the fan 26 and the shroud 28.
As stated earlier, the shroud gap 30 is generally from 3/4 to 1
inch radially. This relatively large shroud gap 30 permits
undesirable turbulent airflows to occur about the fan blade tips.
These flow conditions have been schematically depicted in FIG.
3.
The flow indicated as 32 is the desirable flow which provides
useful heat exchanger cooling air. Flow path 38, indicated as a
torous pattern in the shroud gap 30, and flow 39, depicted as a
localized flow at each blade tip, are undesirable. They produce no
useful cooling air movement, cause fan noise, and create losses in
fan efficiency.
In FIG. 4, the preferred embodiment flow conditions are
schematically illustrated. It is readily apparent that any
recirculating flow 38 in the shroud gap 30 will have to follow a
twisted or tortuous path because of the labyrinth seal formed by
the flange 24 and the sealing member 18. The tortured nature of the
shroud gap greatly increases the path's resistance to fluid flow
and consequently reduces the amount of recirculating air. By
reducing the recirculating air 38, the amount of desirable flow 32
is increased and the noise caused by the recirculating air 38 is
reduced. Additional benefits are achieved since the clearance
between the fan blades and the rotating shroud is extremely small,
thereby essentially eliminating flow 39. However, the rotating
shroud 18 could be spaced somewhat from the blade 16.
In the preferred embodiment it has been determined that the best
results are achieved when the tips of the sealing member 18 and the
flange 24 are either in alignment as shown in FIG. 4 or if the
flange enters the bight of the U as shown in FIG. 5. Some benefit
of this invention may be realized when the flange 24 is outside of
the bight of the sealing member 18 (FIG. 6) but tests have shown
that the benefits are reduced.
The benefits of increased useful airflow, reduced noise generation,
and reduced horsepower requirements are realized by developing a
labyrinth seal in the shroud gap and by minimizing the localized
flow over each blade tip. These two actions coupled with the
barrier effect which prevents the interaction between the
remaining, though greatly reduced, toroidal recirculation in the
shroud gap and flow circulation over the fan tips affords the
advantages noted. There are any number of configurations which
would achieve this goal. FIGS. 7-9 schematically illustrate three
possible configurations. Many more could be used. The embodiment
discussed is preferred because of the strength requirements in
vehicular systems with high rotational speeds. In low speed
applications other constructions may be preferred. Many other
designs can be utilized without departing from the scope and spirit
of the invention as is set forth in the appended claims.
* * * * *