U.S. patent number 3,842,811 [Application Number 05/313,543] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-22 for electric fuel injection control system for internal combustion engines.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Nippondenso Co., Ltd., Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha. Invention is credited to Kunio Endo, Kazuo Shinoda.
United States Patent |
3,842,811 |
Shinoda , et al. |
October 22, 1974 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
ELECTRIC FUEL INJECTION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION
ENGINES
Abstract
In internal combustion engines, where the fuel injection valves
are electromagnetically operated, at the time of engine
acceleration the amount of fuel injected is increased by converting
sudden changes in such parameters as the negative pressure in the
engine intake manifold into corresponding changes of the mechanical
type, such as by the displacement of a diaphragm, according to
which mechanical changes an electric fuel injection control is
operated. Thus, a delay time is involved, resulting in an
insufficient response characteristic. In the specification, there
is disclosed an electric fuel injection system for internal
combustion engines, comprising; a means to generate electric
signals corresponding to the speed of motion of the throttle of the
engine or particularly when the speed of the throttle motion
exceeds a predetermined value; and a means to increase the amount
of fuel delivered for acceleration by so controlling fuel injection
valves upon reception of the signal from the first means.
Inventors: |
Shinoda; Kazuo (Toyota,
JA), Endo; Kunio (Anjo, JA) |
Assignee: |
Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki
Kaisha (Toyotacho, Toyota-shi, JA)
Nippondenso Co., Ltd. (Kariya-shi, Aichi-ken,
JA)
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Family
ID: |
27463819 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/313,543 |
Filed: |
December 8, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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53821 |
Aug 10, 1970 |
3719176 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
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Jul 29, 1969 [JA] |
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44-59801 |
Jul 29, 1969 [JA] |
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44-59802 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
123/492; 123/488;
123/494 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02D
41/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F02D
41/10 (20060101); F02d 005/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;123/32EA,32R,119R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Goodridge; Laurence M.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cushman, Darby & Cushman
Parent Case Text
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No.
53,821 filed July 10, 1970 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,179,176.
Claims
We claim:
1. An electrical fuel injection control system for an internal
combustion engine having electromagnetic means for operating fuel
injection valves of the engine and operative to inject fuel in
response to injection pulses each having a pulse width varying as a
function of parameters indicative of the condition of said engine
comprising:
a permanent magnet signal generator having a permanent magnet
linked to the throttle of the engine and an armature coil
electromagnetically coupled with said permanent magnet for
producing an output voltage responsive to the movement of said
permanent magnet;
first circuit means connected between said armature coil and second
circuit means for rectifying said output voltage of said armature
coil and supplying a current depending on said rectified output
voltage to said second circuit means when said output voltage,
exceeds a predetermined level;
said second circuit means having a capacitor adaptable to store
electricity by said current supplied thereto and a resistor
adaptable to discharge said stored electricity for producing a
voltage variable signal with discharging of said stored
electricity;
pressure signal generating means responsive to the pressure of
engine intake manifold of said engine for generating a voltage
signal indicative of said pressure;
third circuit means connected to said second circuit means and said
pressure signal generating means and including an operational
amplifier to add the signal derived from said second circuit means
to the signal derived from said pressure signal generating means to
produce a signal which varies as a function of the superposition of
said voltage variable signal produced by said second circuit means
and said voltage signal of said pressure signal generating
means;
fourth circuit means connected to said third circuit means for
producing a fuel injection pulse signal whose pulse width is
determined by said signal produced by said third circuit means;
fifth circuit means connected to said fourth circuit means and said
electromagnetic means for driving said electromagnetic means for an
interval corresponding to the pulse width of said fuel injection
pulse signal.
2. An electrical fuel injection control system for an internal
combustion engine comprising:
a signal generator having a member movable in response to the
operation of the throttle and means responsive to the movement of
said member for producing a first signal voltage indicative of the
moving speed of the throttle;
first circuit means having a rectifier connected to said signal
generator, a capacitor connected to said rectifier to store
electricity supplied thereto through said rectifier by said first
signal voltage of said signal generator, and a variable resistor
connected in parallel with said capacitor for discharging said
stored electricity, said rectifier having a predetermined forward
breakdown voltage whereby said first signal voltage is applied to
said capacitor only when said signal first voltage exceeds said
forward breakdown voltage;
means for detecting the condition of the engine for producing a
second signal voltage indicative of at least one predetermined
parameter of the condition of said engine;
means connected to said capacitor of said signal generator and said
detecting means and including an amplifier having an operational
amplifier for adding the signal derived from said signal generator
to the signal derived from said detecting means;
means connected to said operational amplifier for generating a fuel
injection signal whose pulse width is controlled as a function of
the addition by said operational amplifier; and
means connected to said fuel injection pulse signal generating
means and having electromagnetic valves for injecting fuel into
cylinders of the engine in a predetermined sequence for an interval
corresponding to said controlled pulse width of said fuel injection
pulse signal.
3. An electrical fuel injection control system according to claim
1, wherein said fourth circuit means comprises a saw tooth wave
generator.
4. An electrical fuel injection control system according to claim
2, wherein said fuel injection signal generating means comprises a
saw tooth wave generator.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to improvements in electric fuel injection
control systems for internal combustion engines to provide for
effectively increasing the amount of the delivered fuel at the time
of acceleration without time delay.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In internal combustion engines having the usual electric fuel
injection control system capable of increasing the fuel delivery at
the time of acceleration of the engine, sudden changes of the
pressure in the intake manifold of the engine as the result of the
accelerating operation are first mechanically detected by such
pressure-sensitive mechanisms as a diaphragm as corresponding
displacements and by the detected signal corresponding to a
displacement the switching elements in an electrical circuit are
controlled to extend the pulse width of the pulse signal fed to the
injector valves so as to correspondingly prolong the open-position
time of the injector valves, thereby increasing the fuel amount
delivered at the time of acceleration.
Therefore, with the conventional system of this type a time delay
is involved from the instant of actuating the accelerating means,
for instance, upon depressing the accelerator pedal, until the
increased fuel delivery actually results, during which delay time
the pressure in the intake manifold first changes, the change in
this pressure is then detected as a displacement of the mechanical
means and thereafter the detection signal corresponding to the
displacement drives the switching elements, so that the response
time is very inferior. So long as the above response steps are
involved, it is extremely difficult to improve the response time by
any means available at present. Thus, the above conventional system
is disadvantageously incapable of exactly following the demand of
the engine for an increased fuel supply at the time of acceleration
without delay, so that it cannot fully achieve the intended
object.
In another aspect, the operating point, at which the function of
increasing the fuel delivery is brought about by detecting the
accelerating operation through the pressure-sensitive mechanism
such as a diaphragm for accelerating the engine, substantially
depends upon a point, at which the above pressure-sensitive
mechanism such as the diaphragm detecting the sudden change in the
engine intake manifold pressure as the result of the accelerating
operation starts to undergo mechanical displacement to control the
switching elements, and it is fixed as the displacement starting
point is determined by structural factors in the design such as the
dimensions and configuration of the pressure-sensitive mechanism,
mechanical constants involved and design specifications. Therefore,
if the afore-mentioned operating point to bring about the action of
increasing the fuel delivery for the acceleration of the engine is
to be changed, the design specification for the pressure-sensitive
mechanism such as the diaphragm should be fundamentally changed,
which is extremely disadvantageous, as well as providing no
compatibility with engines having different ratings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the invention is to provide an electric fuel injection
control system for use in internal combustion engines, where
injector valves are controlled by an electric control system in
accordance with an operating parameter for the engine, thereby
being capable of increasing the amount of fuel delivered at the
time of accelerating the engine without time delay.
Another object of the invention is to provide an electric fuel
injection control system for use in internal combustion engines,
which enables readily changing the operating point to bring about
the action of increasing the fuel delivery for the acceleration of
the engine and provides compatibility with engines of different
ratings.
According to the invention, there is provided an electric fuel
injection control system for internal combustion engines comprising
a means to generate an electric signal derived from the action of
the throttle or a movable part associated with the throttle valve
of the engine when the speed of motion of the throttle in the
direction of opening thereof exceeds a predetermined value, and a
means to control injection valves to increase the amount of fuel
delivery in response to the electric signal from the first means,
whereby said control system is capable of meeting the requirements
of the engine characteristics to increase the fuel delivery at the
time of acceleration with good response, readily changing the
operating point to bring about the action of increasing the fuel
delivery for the acceleration of the engine as well as affording
compatibility with engines of different ratings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of the
electric fuel injection control system according to the
invention.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the embodiment of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 shows the operating characteristics of the embodiment of
FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The invention will now be described in conjunction with preferred
embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Referring to FIG. 1, which shows an embodiment of the invention,
there are shown fuel injection valves 1 to 4, which are
electromagnetically operated and provided in respective first to
forth cylinders (I) to (IV). shown). Numeral 105 designates a
pressure detector to detect the pressure in the intake manifold,
which is one of the operating parameters of the engine, as a
corresponding DC voltage. The output voltage from the pressure
detector 105 is amplified by an amplifier 106. Numeral 107
designates a fuel injection timing detector to generate signal
pulses in synchronism with the timing of the opening of the intake
valves of the respective cylinders (I) to (IV) or the fuel
injection timing of the fuel injection valves 1 to 4. The pulses
may be generated as a function of the rotation angle of the cam
shaft, for example. The outputs from the amplifier 106 and from the
fuel injection timing detector 107 are fed to a pulse width
modifier 108, which generates fuel injection pulses synchronous
with the output pulse signal from the fuel injection timing
detector 107 and having a pulse width corresponding to the output
voltage from the amplifier 106, that is, the pressure in the intake
manifold. A fuel injection valve draining circuit 109 receives the
fuel injection pulse signal from the pulse width modulator 108 and
energizes a corresponding one of the fuel injection valves 1 to 4
to hold it in the open position for a time interval equal to the
pulse width, which is proportional to the amount of fuel to be
injected. Shown within a broken-line rectangular section 110 is an
acceleration fuel-increase signal generator to generate an electric
signal for increasing the fuel supply for accelerating the engine,
which comprises a permanent magnet 111 linked to the throttle of
the engine or to a movable member associated to the throttle, a
coil 112 disposed within the magnetic field established by the
permanent magnet 111, a diode 113, a capacitor 114 and a variable
resistor 115. A voltage induced in the coil 112 by the movement of
the predetermined magnet 111 which accompanies the rotation of the
throttle in the opening direction charges the capacitor 114 through
the diode 113.
It will be appreciated that the voltage induced in the coil 112 is
at a level proportional to the speed of motion of the throttle or
the movable part associated with the throttle. The capacitor 114 is
discharged through the variable resistor 115 for a time interval
determined by the time constant of the circuit consisting of the
resistor 115 and the capacitor 114. The voltage on the output
terminal 116 of the acceleration fuel-increase signal generator
110, that is, the terminal voltage across the capacitor 114, is fed
in superposition upon the voltage of the output from the pressure
detector 105 to the amplifier 106.
Now referring to FIG. 2, which is a circuit diagram of the
abovementioned embodiment, the pressure detector 105 comprises an
engine vacuum sensor 1051, a diode 1052, a resistor 1053 and a
capacitor 1054. The engine vacuum sensor 1051 includes a diaphragm,
which is movable responsive to variation of the pressure in an
engine intake manifold (not shown), a moving core which is
connected to a movable member fixed to the diaphragm, and a
differential transformer having a winding means 1055 which is
electrically connected to an oscillator 1056 and adaptable to
produce a signal voltage depending upon the position of the movable
member relative to the winding means 1055.
The amplifier 106 includes an operational amplifier 1061 whose
input is connected to the outputs of the pressure detector 105 and
the acceleration fuel increase signal generator 110. The injection
timing detector 107 includes four identical circuits 107a, 107b,
107c and 107d, each having a breaker 1071 which opens and closes in
synchronism with rotation of the engine, a capacitor 1072 and a
transistor 1073. The pulse width modulator 108 comprises four
identical circuits 108a, 108b, 108c and 108d connected to the
circuits 107a, 107b, 107c and 107d, respectively, and each having a
saw tooth wave generator 1081 and a comparator 1082. The fuel
injection driving circuit 109 comprises also four identical
circuits 109a, 109b, 109c and 109d connected to the circuits 108a,
108b, 108c and 108d, respectively, and each having a pair of
transistors 1091 and 1092. Thus the injection timing detector 107,
the pulse width modulator 108 and the fuel injection driving
circuit 109 comprises four identical sets of series circuits
respectively connected to the fuel injection valves 1 to 4. It is
noted that the number of the sets of series circuits corresponds to
the number of engine cylinders.
The operation of this embodiment will now be described in detail
with reference to the graphs of FIG. 3, in which the abscissa is
commonly taken for time t, and which shows at (A) the voltage
induced in the coil 112, at (B) the terminal voltage across the
capacitor 114 and at (C) the fuel injection pulses for impression
on the individual fuel injection valves 1, 3, 4 and 2 provided
respectively in the first, third, fourth and second cylinders as
indicated respectively from the top downwards at (I), (III), (IV)
and (II).
In the normal engine operation with the throttle held at a
predetermined normal position, the permanent magnet 111 assumes a
predetermined position and does not move, causing no voltage to be
induced in the coil 112, so that the fuel injection valve driver
circuit 109, receiving successive fuel injection pulses generally
indicated at P.sub.p generated by the pulse width modulator 108,
which pulses have a pulse width (as generally indicated at T at (C)
in FIG. 3) conforming only to the output voltage from the pressure
detector 105 and which are synchronized with the output pulse
signal from the fuel injection timing detector 107, drives the
respective fuel injection valves 1 to 4 in accordance with the
corresponding pulses P.sub.p and holds these valves open for a
period equal to the pulse width T.sub.p, during which the fuel is
injected, for the normal operation of the engine conforming to the
requirements of the engine characteristics under normal driving
conditions. The order of driving (fuel injection of) the fuel
injection valves depends upon the distributing function of the fuel
injection valve driver circuit 109, and is consistent with the
order of firing the cylinders, for instance in the order of first
cylinder (I), third cylinder (III), fourth cylinder (IV) and second
cylinder (II).
When the permanent magnet 111 moves in accompanyment to the
accidental movement of the throttle or the movable member
associated thereto due to such causes as vibration of the engine
during the normal engine operation without any action taken for
accelerating the engine, voltage is induced in the coil 112 as
indicated at V.sub.A at (A) in FIG. 3, but such induced voltage is
at levels lower than the level of the reference voltage V.sub.S
determined by the forward voltage drop across the diode 113, so
that the capacitor is not charged.
When acceleration is applied to the engine, for instance by
depressing the accelerator pedal, to move the throttle toward the
full position, the permanent magnet 111 moves, inducing a voltage
in the coil 112 with a maximum level exceeding the reference
voltage V.sub.S, as indicated at V.sub.B at (A) in FIG. 3, thus
charging the capacitor 114 through the diode 113, as shown at (B)
in FIG. 3. After the operation of opening the throttle valve is
stopped, voltage is no longer induced in the coil 112, and the
charge accumulated on the capacitor 114 is discharged through the
resistor 115 within a time determined by the time constant for the
circuit of the parts 114 and 115. As the terminal voltage across
the capacitor 114 is fed in superposition upon the output signal
from the pressure detector 105 to the amplifier 106, the output
voltage from the amplifier 106 has a component accounting for the
terminal voltage across the capacitor 114 charging in accordance
with a charging-and-discharging characteristic as indicated at
V.sub.a at (B) in FIG. 3 in addition to the component accounting
for the output voltage from the negative pressure detector 105.
Accordingly, the pulse width of the fuel injection pulses P.sub.1
to P.sub.6 produced by the pulse width modulator 108 during the
discharging of the capacitor 114 vary, as indicated at T.sub.1 to
T.sub.6 at (C) in FIG. 3, in correspondence to the level of the
voltage produced after amplification of the terminal voltage across
the capacitor 114 by the amplifier 106. Thus, the amount of the
fuel injected is increased in proportion to the pulse width T.sub.1
to T.sub.6, thus smoothly accelerate the engine.
After the capacitor 114 is discharged through the resistor 115, the
pulse width T.sub.p of the fuel injection pulse signal from the
pulse width amplifier 108 is again determined solely by the voltage
output from the detector 105.
When quicker or more forceful accelerating action is applied to the
engine, a higher voltage exceeding the reference voltage V.sub.S,
as indicated at V.sub.c at (A) in FIG. 3, is induced in the coil
112, and a corresponding higher terminal voltage, as indicated at
V.sub.b at (B) in FIG. 3, is built up across the capacitor 114.
Accordingly, the pulse widths of the fuel injection pulses P.sub.1
' to P.sub.9 ' occurring during a time interval from instant
t.sub.3, at which the charging of the capacitor 114 starts, until
instant t.sub.4, at which the discharging of the capacitor 114
ends, are further increased, as indicated at T.sub.1 ' to T.sub.9 '
at (C) in FIG. 3, in correspondence to the level of the terminal
voltage across the capacitor 114 in accordance with the
charging-and-discharging characteristic of the capacitor 114. In
addition to the increase in the pulse width, the number of times
the injection of an increased amount of fuel is made, is
increased.
In case the throttle valve is suddenly closed for rapidly
decelerating the engine, a negative voltage in induced in the coil
112, so that the capacitor 114 is not charged, thus generating no
signal for increasing the fuel delivery.
The number of times the injection of an increased amount of fuel is
made may be preset to meet the requirements of the engine
characteristics by making variable at least one of the capacitance
of the capacitor 114 and the resistance of the resistor 115 or by
selecting suitable values of these quantities. The voltage level to
be established for avoiding malfunctioning of the system due to
such causes as vibration of the engine or the operating point to
start increasing the fuel delivery for accelerating the engine,
that is, the reference voltage V.sub.S in the above embodiment, is
determined by the forward voltage drop across the single diode 113.
It may as well be preset by a plurality of diodes connected in
series, a constant-voltage diode having a certain breakdown
voltage, a transistor and so forth.
Also, in this embodiment only the pressure in the intake manifold,
which is one of the operating parameters of the engine, is used for
determining the pulse width of the fuel injection pulse signal.
Other operating parameters such as the engine temperature,
atmospheric temperature and pressure may as well be used to
modulate the pulse width of the fuel injection pulse signal.
As is described, with this embodiment including the acceleration
fuel-increase signal generator to generate an electric output
signal at a level corresponding to the speed of motion of the
throttle or the movable member associated thereto of the engine
when such speed exceeds a predetermined value and a means to extend
the time, during which the fuel injection valve is open, in
accordance with the level of the output signal from the
acceleration fuel-increase signal generator, it is possible to
increase the fuel delivered with excellent response
characteristics.
Also, by the incorporation of a means to gradually decrease the
level of the output signal from the acceleration fuel-increase
signal generator with time according to the above embodiment, the
amount of the fuel to be increased and the period and the number of
times the injection of the increased fuel may be so determined as
to meet the requirements of the engine characteristics, thus
providing for further smoother acceleration of the engine.
This embodiment can also feature the excellent effects that the
operating point to start increasing the fuel delivery may be
readily changed to meet compatibility with engines of different
ratings is provided, and that the malfunctioning due to such causes
as vibration of the engine is prevented.
The means to obtain an electric output signal corresponding to the
speed of motion of the throttle or the movable member associated
thereto of the engine is not limited to the combination of
permanent magnet 111 and coil 112 as in the preceding first and
second embodiments, but other means such as a semiconductor element
and a magnetostriction element may also be used. As the movable
member associated with the throttle may serve an accelerator ring,
the accelerator pedal and so forth. Further, though the preceding
embodiments are concerned to the four-cylinder engine, the
invention may of course be applied to the single cylinder engine
and other multi-cylinder engines.
* * * * *