U.S. patent number 3,842,629 [Application Number 05/371,074] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-22 for remotely programmable lock.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Instrument Systems Corporation. Invention is credited to Michael C. Bach, Jerome Pazer.
United States Patent |
3,842,629 |
Pazer , et al. |
October 22, 1974 |
REMOTELY PROGRAMMABLE LOCK
Abstract
A remotely programmable lock is provided for use with a key
having one or more permanent magnets for producing a magnetic field
of predetermined configuration. The lock is provided with a
cylinder for receiving the key and capable of rotation independent
of the latch. A device is provided for coupling the latch and
cylinder upon detection of a magnetic field of a predetermined
orientation produced by the key. The configuration of the magnetic
field which will open the lock may be remotely set in coordination
with the polarization of the permanent magnets of the key.
Inventors: |
Pazer; Jerome (Dix Hills,
NY), Bach; Michael C. (Stony Brook, NY) |
Assignee: |
Instrument Systems Corporation
(Jericho, Long Island, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23462364 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/371,074 |
Filed: |
June 18, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
340/5.22; 70/382;
367/197; 340/5.66; 70/276; 361/172 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G07C
9/27 (20200101); Y10T 70/7057 (20150401); Y10T
70/7729 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
G07C
9/00 (20060101); E05b 047/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;70/263,264,276,277,382,413 ;317/134 ;340/149A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Craig, Jr.; Albert G.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Blum Moscovitz Friedman &
Kaplan
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A programmable lock for use with a key having at least one
permanent magnet means adapted to produce a magnetic field of a
predetermined orientation comprising latch means; a fixed lock
member; a displaceable lock member mounted on said fixed lock
member and formed for receipt of said key means; said displaceable
lock member being selectively displaceable relative to said fixed
member independent of said latch means; means for selectively
coupling said displaceable lock member and said latch means for the
operation of said latch means in response to the displacement of
said displaceable lock member; means for normally blocking the
operation of said coupling means and for selectively permitting
such operation in response to said predetermined orientation of
said magnetic field; and remotely actuable lock programming means
operatively connected to said blocking means for selecting the
magnetic field orientation in response to which said coupling means
is permitted to operate.
2. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 1, including
key programming means for receipt of said key for selectively
magnetizing said permanent magnet means for the selection of the
orientation of the magnetic field produced thereby; and control
means operatively coupled to said key programming means and lock
programming means for the coordinate actuation thereof to produce a
key capable of operating said lock.
3. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 1, wherein said
blocking means includes first and second registration means, said
first registration means being positioned by the orientation of
said magnetic field, said second registration means being
selectively positioned by said lock programming means, said
coupling means being adapted to couple said displaceable lock
member to said latch means when said first and second registration
means are in alignment.
4. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 3, for use with
a key having at least two of said permanent magnet means, said
blocking means including one of said first and second registration
means actuated by the magnetic field orientation of each of said
permanent magnet means, and one of said lock programming means
coupled to each of said second registration means for the
independent positioning thereof, said coupling means being adapted
to couple said displaceable lock member and said latch means when
at least two of said first and second registration means are
respectively in alignment.
5. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 4, including a
rotor means mounted for free rotation in the magnetic field of each
of said permanent magnet means, each of said permanent magnet means
being selectively magnetizable so as to produce each of a plurality
of discrete magnetic field orientations selected to rotationally
position said rotor means at each of a plurality of rotational
positions, said blocking means further including a programmable
coupling member rotatably mounted on the axis of rotation of each
of said rotor means and selectively rotatably positioned at each of
a corresponding plurality of rotational positions by said lock
programming means, said first and second registration means being
respectively mounted on said rotor means and programmable coupling
member for alignment at selected corresponding rotational positions
thereof.
6. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 5, whereein one
of said first and second registration means is a pin and the other
of said first and second registration means is an aperture
dimensioned to receive said pin, said programmable coupling member
being axially displaceable toward said rotor means when said first
and second registration means are in registration, said coupling
means including a coupling assembly for coupling said displaceable
lock member and said latch member when at least two of said
programmable lock members are axially displaced toward the
corresponding rotor means.
7. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 6, including
third and fourth registration means associated with each of said
permanent magnet means; a second programmable coupling member
mounted coaxially with each of said first-mentioned programmable
coupling members for rotatable and axial displacement, said third
registration means being on said rotor means, said fourth
registration means being on said second programmable coupling
member, one of said third and fourth registration means being a
pin, the other of said third and fourth registration means being an
aperture dimensioned to receive said pin when in alignment; and a
second lock programming means associated with each of said second
programmable coupling members for the selective rotational
positioning thereof independent of said first-mentioned
programmable coupling member, said coupling assembly being adapted
to couple said displaceable lock member and said latch means when
one of the first and second or third and fourth registration means
associated with at least two of said permanent magnet means are in
alignment so that one of the first-mentioned or second of said
programmable coupling members associated with each of said
permanent magnet means is axially displaced toward its respective
rotor means.
8. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 7, wherein said
coupling assembly includes carriage means mounted for displaceemnt
laterally relative to the axis of said programmable coupling
members between a locked position and an open position, said
first-mentioned and second programmable coupling members being each
formed with a region of a first diameter and a region of a second
diameter smaller than said first diameter in the path of
displacement of said carriage means, said carriage means including
a block associated with each of said permanent magnet means and
mounted thereon for slideable displacement in a direction lateral
to both the path of displacement of said carriage means and the
axis of the associated programmable coupling members, a pair of
projecting fingers mounted on said slide block in spaced relation
on oppposed sides of said programmable coupling members and formed
with converging inclined camming surfaces for engagement against
said programmable coupling members, one of said fingers normally
engaging said first region of each of said first-mentioned and
second programmable coupling members when said programmable
coupling members and carriage means are at said locked position,
one of said fingers engaging the second region of the associated
programmable coupling member when said programmable coupling member
has displaced axially towards the associated rotor means to permit
displacement of said carriage means from said locked to said open
position if one of the programmable coupling members associated
with each of said permanent magnet means have been axially
displaced.
9. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 8, wherein said
carriage means is operatively coupled to said latch means for
displacement therewith, registration means mounted on said
displaceable lock member and said latch means for the coupling
thereof when said carriage means is in said open position, cam
follower means mounted on said carriage means, camming surface
means mounted on said displaceable lock member for engagement with
said cam follower means to return said carriage means and latch
means to said locked position at a locked position of said
displaceable lock member.
10. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 6, wherein
said coupling assembly includes carriage means displaceable between
a locked and an open position, said carriage means including shoe
means associated with each of said programmable lock members, said
programmable lock members being formed with a portion positioned to
block the displacement of said carriage means from said locked to
said open position before axial displacement of said programmable
coupling member towards said rotor and to permit displacement of
said carriage means upon axial displacement of said programmable
coupling member toward the associated rotor means.
11. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 10, wherein
said carriage means is operatively coupled to said latch means for
diplacement therewith, registration means mounted on said
displaceable lock member and said latch means for the coupling
thereof when said carriage means is in said open position, cam
follower means mounted on said carriage means, camming surface
means mounted on said displaceable lock member for engagement with
said cam follower means to return said carriage means and latch
means to said locked position at a locked position of said
displaceable lock member.
12. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 6, wherein
said programmable coupling members are formed with a gear portion,
said lock programming means each including a drive gear in meshing
engagement with said gear portion of said programmable lock member
and motor means operatively coupled to said drive gear.
13. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 12, wherein
said drive motor means is a stepping motor.
14. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 6, wherein
said displaceable lock member includes a cylinder rotatably mounted
in said fixed lock member and formed with a longitudinally
extending key hole dimensioned to receive said key, and including
magnetic circuit means in said cylinder and fixed lock member
associated with each of said permanent magnet means for conveying
the magnetic field orientation of said permanent magnet means
through said cylinder and fixed lock member to the region of the
associated rotor means.
15. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 14, wherein
said magnetic circuit means includes a first array of flux tube
means extending from said key hole in the vicinity of each of said
permanent magnet means to the periphery of said cylinder, and a
second array of flux tube means in said housing means positioned
for registration with said first array at a locked position of said
cylinder extending from said cylinder to the vicinity of said rotor
means.
16. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 14, including
at least one cam means mounted on said cylinder for rotation
therewith and positoned in the path of axial displacement of each
of said programmable coupling members, said cam means including a
projecting portion engaged by said programmable coupling members
when said cylinder is in said locked position, said coupling means
including means for biasing said programmable coupling member
against the associated cam means for the axial displacement of said
programmable coupling member in response to the rotation of said
cylinder and cam means, provided the corresponding first and second
registration means are in alignment.
17. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 13, wherein
said latch member is mounted for rotational displacement with said
cylinder when coupled thereto and displacement toward and away from
said cylinder between a locked and an open position, said lock
including registration means on said latch member and cylinder for
engagement and coupling when said latch member is in said open
position, said latch member being coupled to said coupling assembly
for displacement between said locked and open positions in response
thereto.
18. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 2, including a
plurality of said remotely programmable locks and a plurality of
said keys, said control means being adapted to selectively and
coordinately program each of said locks and associated key.
19. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 6, wherein
said permanent magnet means includes an array of separate permanent
magnets.
20. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 19, wherein
said array of permanent magnets is circular, a first group of
adjacent permanent magnets being disposable at one polarity, a
second group of adjacent permanent magnets being disposable in the
opposite polarity to define said magnetic field orientation.
21. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 6, wherein
said permanent magnet means includes a member formed of a material
such that an array of regions thereof may be discretely
polarized.
22. A remotely programmable lock as recited in claim 21, wherein
said array of discrete regions is circular, a first adjacent group
of said regions being polarized to one polarity and a second
adjacent group of said regions being polarized to an opposite
polarity to define said magnetic field orientation.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to locking devices particularly adapted for
application to hotels, security areas, and the like wherein it is
desirable to periodically change the configuration of the key which
will open one or more locks. For example, in the case of hotels,
room keys are frequently lost, stolen or copied presenting
substantial risks of theft to hotel guests. Both economic and
practical considerations preclude the manual changing of lock
combinations in an effort to prevent such theft. Electronic lock
systems wherein the key consists of a card having a magnetic,
punched hole or embossed code thereon have also been proposed, but
such systems are not suitable for hotel operations since power is
generally required to release the door latch, thereby presenting
both practical and safety problems in case of power failure.
Further, most conventional locks are based on a cylinder coupled to
the latch which is prevented from rotation by pins disposed in the
parting line. The keys of such arrangements serve to displace the
pins out of the parting line. By the application of large forces to
the cylinder, such locks can be broken and the latch displaced to
open the door.
By presenting a truely remotely programmable lock arrangement
wherein the cylinder is not normally coupled to the latch, all of
the foregoing difficulties are avoided.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Generally, in accordance with the invention, a programmable lock
for use with a key having at least one permanent magnet means
adapted to produce a magnetic field of a predetermined orientation
is provided, having latch means, a fixed lock member, a
displaceable lock member formed for receipt of said key and
displaceable relative to said fixed member independent of said
latch means, means selectively coupling said displaceable lock
member and said latch means and means for normally blocking the
operation of the coupling means and for selectively permitting such
operation in response to said predetermined orientation of said
magnetic field produced by said key permanent magnet. Lock
programming means is coupled to said blocking means for selecting
the magnetic field orientation in response to which the
displaceable lock member and latch means are coupled. Key
programming means is provided for disposing the permanent magnet
means of said key means so as to produce a magnetic field of an
orientation corresponding to the orientation of the coupling means,
said lock programming means and key programming means being
coordinately operable.
The permanent magnet means in said key may consist of an array of
permanent magnets, said key programming means being adapted to
establish the polarity of said permanent magnets so as to produce a
magnetic field of the desired orientation. The displaceable lock
member may consist of a cylinder rotatably mounted in a housing.
The blocking means includes a magnetic rotor freely rotatably
mounted in registration with the permanent magnet means of a key
received within said cylinder for rotational positioning in
accordance with the configuration of the magnetic field produced by
said key means permanent magnet means. Said blocking means further
includes a programmable coupling member, a first registration means
on said rotor positioned by the rotary position of said rotor, and
second registration means on said programmable coupling member.
Said programmable coupling member is selectively rotatably
displaceable to position said second registration member at any of
a plurality of positions and is biased axially toward said rotor
for axial displacement toward said rotor when said first and second
registration means are aligned. A coupling assembly couples said
latch means and said cylinder when said programmable coupling
member is axially displaced.
The programming means may include a remotely actuable motor and
gear means coupling said motor and said coupling member. The lock
may include a plurality of said rotors, programmable coupling
members and programming means for cooperation with a key having a
corresponding plurality of said permanent magnet means, said
coupling means including one of said coupling assemblies for the
coupling of said cylinder and latch means when all of the
programmable coupling members are displaced toward their respective
rotors.
A pair of concentrically mounted programmable coupling members may
be provided each being independently rotatably and axially
displaceable and each being provided with one of said second
registration means, the corresponding rotor being provided with two
of said first registration means, each of said first registration
means being adapted for selective registration with one of the
second registration means, said coupling assembly being operable in
response to the axial displacement of either of the programmable
coupling members.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide a lock
structure which is remotely programmable.
A further object of this invention is to provide a programmable
lock structure which cannot be opened by forceably rotating the
cylinder.
Another object of the invention is to provide a programmable lock
system wherein a plurality of lock structures are independently
programmable from a remote central station.
Still other objects and advantages of the invention will in part be
obvious and will in part be apparent from the specification and
drawings.
The invention accordingly comprises the features of construction,
combinations of elements, and arrangements of parts which will be
exemplified in the constructions hereinafter set forth, and the
scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a fuller understanding of the invention, reference is had to
the following description taken in connection with the accompanying
drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a remotely programmable lock system in
accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of a first embodiment of the
remotely programmable lock in accordance with the invention;
FIGS. 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are fragmentary sectional views taken along
lines 3--3, 6--6, 7--7, 8--8 and 9--9 of FIG. 2 respectively;
FIG. 4 is an exploded fragmentary sectional view taken along lines
4--4 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view corresponding to FIG. 4 with
the lock in the open position;
FIG. 10 is a side elevational view of a key for use with the lock
in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 11 is a fragmentary side elevational view of a second
embodiment of the programmable lock in accordance with the
invention;
FIGS. 12 and 13 are sectional views taken along lines 12--12 and
13--13 respectively of FIG. 11;
FIG. 14 is a view corresponding to FIG. 12 with the lock in the
open position;
FIG. 15 is a sectional view taken along lines 15--15 of FIG. 14;
and
FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken along lines 16--16 of FIG.
12.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to FIG. 1, a programmable lock system 10 is depicted,
of the type such as might be installed in a hotel or the like. Such
a hotel would be provided with a plurality of rooms usually grouped
by floor and a wing. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1, the
rooms are divided into two groups, for the purposes of this system
denominated as Group I and Group II. Each room of each group would
have a door 12 provided with a programmable lock 14 in accordance
with the invention. Each of the programmable locks, as will more
particularly be described below, is adapted to be remotely
programmed for operation by similarly programmed key. The
programming is accomplished by the establishing of the rotational
orientation of a programmable coupling member so that a
coordinately configured key will position a corresponding plurality
of freely rotatable rotors for registration with said programmable
lock members. When proper registration is achieved, the latch,
which is normally disconnected from the lock cylinder is coupled
with the lock cylinder to permit opening of the door. Each lock
would include a programming device for the programming of the
programmable coupling member, as more particularly described below,
in response to a remotely generated signal.
This remotely generated signal is transmitted to each of the locks
14 from a central control 16 by means of multiplexing techniques.
Thus, central control 16 would include conventional multiplexing
and demultiplexing devices for communication with data line 18, one
branch of which is connected to each of sector distributors 20 and
22, associated respectively with Groups I and II. Said sector
distributors are in the nature of repeaters and submultiplexers for
transmitting the portion of the signal from data line 18 associated
with the rooms of its group along its data line. Thus, sector
distributor 20 is connected to the rooms of Group I along data line
24 while sector distributor 22 is connected to the rooms of Group
II along data line 26. Each room would be provided with a room
electronics module 28 provided with suitable multiplexing and
demultiplexing equipment for detecting signals associated therewith
from the associated data line and for applying data to the
associated data line in suitable time slots of the multiplexed
signal. In this manner, by means of multiplexing techniques, a
single central control can communicate with a plurality of room
electronic modules on an essentially simultaneous basis. Coded
portions of the multiplex signal would identify the data associated
with each room. Similarly, a coded signal would represent the
configuration into which the programmable coupling member of each
programmable lock 14 is to be placed. This coded signal would be
transmitted from the room electronics module 28 along line 30 to a
room-door transformer having a portion 32 mounted in the door jamb
and another portion mounted in a door electronics module 34
associated with each programmable lock 14. The room-door
transformer may consist of a transformer having one winding in
one-half of its core embedded in the door jamb and the remainder in
the door. The transformer half in the door may be tongued and
spring loaded so that when the door is closed there is a minimum
core gap. The coded signal received in the door electronics module
34 is decoded by said door electronics module and applied to the
programming device of the magnetic lock to set the configuration of
the programmable coupling member as will be more particularly
described below.
Central control 16 would be provided with a manual input device 36
connected thereto by line 38 for the operaion thereof. The operator
of the system 10 would punch a code representative of the
particular room having a lock to be reprogrammed. The actual coded
signal representative of the program may be manually generated at
manual input 36 or may be randomly generated by a random code
generator within central control 16. In either event, a record of
the code would be stored in data storage and processing device 40
coupled to central control 16 by line 42. In addition, the code can
be displayed by a display device 44 coupled to central control 16
by line 46. In the embodiment of the system depicted in FIG. 1, the
central control is coupled to an automatic key maker device 48 by
line 50. The automatic key maker device is adapted to place a key
in a configuration corresponding to the configuration of the
programmable coupling member of the designated lock 14, so that
that key can open that reprogrammed lock. Thus, in order to operate
system 10, a key blank would be placed in key maker 48, the
operator would designate the room in which the lock is to be
reprogrammed by means of manual input 36, and both said lock and
key would be simultaneously and coordinately reprogrammed in
response to a coded signal either manually applied through manual
input 36 or automatically produced in a random code generator
within central control 16. Central control 16 and manual input 36
may be located at a hotel desk so that, at the time that each new
occupant of a room checks in, the lock for that room and the key
associated therewith are coordinately reprogrammed.
In addition to the programming function, other uses can be made of
the multiplex communications system provided between each room and
the central control. Thus, a plurality of utilization circuits 52
in each room may be remotely actuated by coded signals transmitted
from central control 16 to the room electronics module 28 of a
particular room. Said utilization circuits would be connected to
said room electronics module for operation thereby along line 54.
Examples of such utilization circuits would be message at desk
indicators in each room, and remote controls for lights, air
conditioning and/or television in each room. Further, monitoring
devices 56 could be disposed in each room for detecting fire, smoke
and other emergencies. Monitors 56 would be connected to the room
electronics module 28 by line 58, which connection would permit the
transmission of the various monitors' status back along the data
lines to the central control, as well as the specific actuation of
a monitor in response to an instruction from the central control.
Monitors 56 may also include devices for monitoring the status of
indicator switches in each room, the position of which would
indicate whether a room is available for a housekeeper, whether the
housekeeper has cleaned the room so that the room is available for
a new guest, or whether the guest wishes bellman or valet services.
All of the signals associated with the control of utilization
circuits 52 and the operation of monitors 56 are transmitted along
data lines 24, 26 and 18 on a multiplexed time sharing basis
without interfering with the operation of the programmable lock
system. The door electronics module 34 may include sensing devices
for identifying the actual program to which a lock is set or to
identify each key used in the lock, which information would be
transmitted across the room-door transformer to room electronics
module 28, which would incorporate the information into the
multiplexed signal on the associated data line for transmission to
central control 16.
Display 44 could be adapted to display the outputs of the various
monitors 56, either on a continuing or on a selectable basis, while
the various data outputs of monitors 56 and of the door electronics
module 34 may be stored and processed by data storage and
processing device 40. To control the status of a particular
utilization circuit, the room code, utilization circuit code and
status code would be applied to the central control 16 by manual
input 36 or would be applied automatically from data storage and
processing device 40 in accordance with a automatic program.
Referring now to FIGS. 2-9, a first embodiment 70 of the
programmable lock in accordance with the invention is depicted.
This embodiment is provided with a housing block 72 having a
cylinder support portion 74 projecting from a base plate portion
76. Cylinder support portion 74 is formed with an axial bore 78
dimensioned to receive a cylinder 80, said cylinder being rotatable
within bore 78. An end plate 82 is secured to the outer end of
cylinder 80 by means of bolts 84 (FIG. 4), said end plate being
cylindrical and being received in a correspondingly shaped bore 86
in the outer end region of cylinder support portion 74 of housing
block 72. Said cylinder support portion of said housing block is
also formed with three cut-out regions 88, 90 and 92 which extend
laterally from axial bore 78. Cut-out regions 88 and 92 are each
dimensioned to respectively receive one of cams 94 and 96 mounted
on cylinder 80, cut-out region 90 being dimensioned to receive two
such cams 98 and 100. Cams 94, 96, 98 and 100 are essentially
identical, the camming surface thereof being depicted in FIG. 6.
Said camming surface consists of a circular portion 102 and a
projecting portion 104.
Cylinder 80 is formed with an essentially rectangular key hole 106
which extends axially theralong and which registers with a
corresponding rectangular hole 108 in end plate 82 which together
are dimensioned to receive a key 110. Said key is formed with an
enlarged head 112 and a V-shaped notch 114 which cooperates with a
detent arrangement 116 to insure proper positioning of the key and
cylinder in the lock. The notch is illustrated in FIG. 10 in
conjunction with an alternate embodiment 110' of said key which
will be discussed below. The detent arrangement, more particularly
depicted in FIG. 8, consists of a passage 118 extending through
cylinder support portion 74 in a lateral direction relative to the
axis of cylinder 80 and in registration with the bore 86 receiving
end plate 82. Said end plate is likewise provided with a laterally
extending bore between the peripheral surface thereof and key hole
108, said bore having a wide portion 120 adjacent said periphery
and a narrow portion 122 opening on said key hole. Received within
said bores are a first pin 124 and a second pin 126 formed with a
collar 128 for receipt within wide bore portion 120. Finally, said
detent includes a set screw 130 for closing the outer end of
passage 118 and a coil spring 132 held in compression between first
pin 124 and said set screw. The detent arrangement is depicted in
FIG. 8 with a proper dimensioned key received within the key hole.
At this position, second pin 126 rests in notch 114 of said key to
position said pins so that the parting line 134 of said pins is in
registration with the parting line between bore 86 and end plate 82
to permit the rotation of the cylinder and end plate by turning the
key. In the absence of such a key or the presence of an incorrect
key, parting line 134 would be out of registration with the parting
line between end plate 82 and bore 86, so that the cylinder cannot
rotate. When a proper key is inserted and turned, it cannot be
removed until the key is returned to the position depicted in FIG.
8 by reason of second pin 126.
Key 110 is provided with two arrays of permanent magnets 136 and
137, each of said arrays consisting of six permanent magnets
extending laterally relative to the axis of the cylinder. Said
permanent magnets are disposed in a circular array and are
polarized in their longitudinal direction. The purpose of the
arrays of permanent magnets 136 and 137 are to establish a magnetic
field which extends essentially parallel to the end of each array.
Thus, permanent magnets 138, 140 and 142 of array 136 (FIG. 5) are
magnetized so that the end faces visible in said figure are all
north poles. Similarly, permanent magnets 144, 146 and 148 are all
magnetized so that the ends visible in FIG. 5 are south poles.
While the actual configuration of the magnetic field is complex,
generally, it can be stated that a magnetic field is created
aligned with and extending in the direction of arrow 150 between
the strongest north concentration represented by permanent magnet
140 and the strongest south concentration represented by permanent
magnet 146. Permanent magnet array 137 would be similarly
constructed, but the polarity of the permanent magnets thereof
would preferably not be the same so that the orientation of the
magnetic field produced would, while lying at least in part on a
plane extending parallel to the end of the array, would be
differently oriented within that plane. For example, such a
different orientation could be produced by having the poles of
permanent magnets 142, 144 and 146 visible in FIG. 5 as north
poles, and magnetizing permanent magnets 138, 140 and 148 so that
the visible poles in FIG. 5 are south poles. By insuring that each
three adjacent permanent magnets are identically magnetized a
strong directional magnetic field is produced.
As more particularly shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, cylinder 80 is formed
with a recess opening on key hole 106 in registration with each of
the permanent magnet arrays and receiving a disc 151 formed of a
material of high magnetic permeability which will close the path of
the field created by the corresponding array of permanent
magnets.
The magnetic field generated by each array of permanent magnets
136, 137 is transmitted to a plane outer surface 152 of cylinder
support portion 74 of housing block 72 by means of a corresponding
array of flux tubes. Said flux tubes are formed of material of high
magnetic permeability so as to conduct the magnetic field.
Specifically, six first flux tubes 154 are mounted in a circular so
as to extend between key hole 106 and the cylindrical surface of
the cylinder. Six second flux tubes 156 are mounted in a
corresponding circular array to extend from the circular inner
surface of bore 78 to the plane outer surface 152 of the cylinder
support portion of housing block 72. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 6,
when cylinder 80 is positioned at the normal locked position,
respective first and second flux tubes are in alignment with each
other, and positioned for alignment with the corresponding array of
permanent magnets 136 when key 110 is inserted in key hole 106.
The magnetic circuit thus defined produces a magnetic flux
extending substantially parallel to surface 152 and aligned in an
orientation dependent upon the polarity of the array of permanent
magnets. Thus, referring to FIG. 6, if permanent magnets 140 and
146 are polarized as depicted in FIG. 5 and as marked on FIG. 6, a
magnetic field is created adjacent surface 152 extending between
the south (S) end of the second flux tube 156 aligned with
permanent magnet 140 and the north (N) end of the second flux tube
aligned with permanent magnet 146. Said magnetic field serves to
orient a rotor 158 which is freely rotatable on stub 160 of shaft
162. Rotor 158 is positioned by means of a permanent bar magnet 164
mounted on rotor 158 so as to lie within the magnetic field
produced at the outer faces of second flux tubes 156. Bar magnet
164, and therefor rotor 158 tends to align with the orientation of
the magnetic flux. As more particularly shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a
registration pin 166 is held in position by set screw 168 on rotor
158. Shaft 162 is mounted on a support bracker 170 projecting from
base plate portion 76 of housing block 72.
A programmable coupling member 172 is also mounted on shaft 162 so
as to be rotatable about said shaft and axially displaceable
therealong toward rotor 158. The surface of programmable coupling
member 172 facing said rotor is formed with a registration aperture
174 (FIG. 4) dimensioned to receive registration pin 166. Both said
pin and said aperture are spaced at an equal distance from the axis
of shaft 162 for registration if in alignment.
End face 176, in which aperture 174 is formed, is biased against
the camming surfaces of cams 94 and 98 by a coil spring 178 mounted
coaxially on shaft 162 between bracket 170 and programmable
coupling member 172. Said programmable coupling member is formed
with a spur gear portion 180 in meshing angagement with a drive
gear 182 mounted on a shaft 184 also supported by bracket 170.
Drive gear 182 is rotationally positioned by a remotely actuated
motor 186 shown schematically in FIG. 2, to rotationally position
programmable coupling member 172, and therefore aperture 174.
The lock construction depicted in FIG. 2 is shown, by way of
example, as being actuated by a key having two permanent magnet
arrays 136 and 137. The structure associated with permanent magnet
array 137 is identical to the structure discussed above in
connection with permanent magnet array 136 and like components have
been given like reference numerals primed to distinguished
therebetween. Thus, surface 176' of programmable coupling member
172' is biased against cams 100 and 96 by spring 178', the aperture
therein being rotatably positioned about shaft 162' by motor 186'
in response to commands provided by room electronics 28. While lock
70 is adapted to respond to two permanent magnet arrays, more than
two such arrays and associated lock structure may be provided,
depending on the number of combinations required. To conserve
space, some of the programmable coupling members and associated
structure would be mounted on the opposite side of cylinder 80 to
that depicted in FIG. 2.
A shoe 188 is mounted for longitudinal displacement on a pair of
rods 190 which are in turn are fixedly supported on bracket
portions 192 and 194 of housing block 72. Shoe 188 engages the
peripheral surface of a disc-shaped portion 196 of programmable
coupling member 172. A central rod 198 (FIGS. 2-5) is journalled
through bracket 194 of housing block 72 and is fixed to shoes 188
and 188'. A cam follower 200 is mounted on the end of central rod
198. A cylinder coupling member 202 is fixedly mounted on the inner
end of cylinder 80 in facing relation to latch member 204. The
latch member is mounted for both rotatable and axial displacement
on shaft 206 which is in turn supported on bracket portion 208 of
housing block 72. Latch member 204 would be connected to a latch or
bolt (not shown) to displace said latch or bolt upon the rotation
thereof. The latch member is biased toward cylinder coupling member
202 by coil spring 210. Cam follower 200 extends laterally from
shaft 198 into the space between cylinder coupling member 202 and
latch member 204 and is engaged therebetween by the force of spring
210. As best shown in FIG. 9, cylinder coupling member 202 is
formed with a pin 212 projecting toward and in registration with an
arcuate slot 214 in latch member 204. Also projecting toward latch
member 204 on cylinder coupling member 202 is an inclined camming
surface 216 having a plateau portion 218 representing the maximum
projection thereof.
The operation of the lock 70 is accordance with the invention will
be described in conjunction with FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG. 4 depicts the
lock in the locked position while FIG. 5 depicts said lock in its
open position
When a key 110 having permanent magnet arrays polarized to produce
magnetic fields of the proper orientation is inserted in key hole
106, rotors 158 and 158' are aligned so that the respective pins
166 and 166' are in registration with the corresponding apertures
174 and 174' in the corresponding programmable coupling members 172
and 172'. When key 110 is turned by the user, cylinder 80 and cams
94, 96, 98 and 100 are likewise rotated. Since the programmable
locking members 172 and 172' are biased against the projecting
camming surface portions 104, they are displaced toward their
respective rotors as said cylinder and cams are rotated. Since pins
166 and 166' are in registration with apertures 174 and 174', each
of the programmable coupling members is displaced axially along its
respective shaft until said pins are received within said apertures
and disc-shaped portions 196 and 196' are displaced clear of their
respective shoes 188 and 188' to permit said shoes and central rod
198 to be displaced to the left as depicted in FIG. 5. This
displacement is permitted because camming surface 216 has been
displaced out of registration with cam follower 200 by the rotation
of cylinder 80 so that spring 210 can force latch member 204
towards cylinder coupling member 202, carrying with it cam follower
200, central rod 198 and shoes 188 and 188'. At the position
depicted in FIG. 5, pin 212 projects into slot 214 and engages
against an end thereof so that latch member 204 is rotated with
cylinder 80 and key 110 to open the latch or bolt (not shown).
As shown in FIG. 4, the latch member 204 is held in position by the
engagement of cam follower 200 against plateau portion 218 of
camming surface 216 and by the engagement of shoes 188 and 188'
against the corresponding disc-shaped portions 196 and 196' of the
corresponding programmable coupling members. The coupling of the
latch member to the cylinder requires the axial displacement of
both programmable locking members 172 and 172' to clear both shoes
188 and 188'. Thus, for example, if the permanent magnets of
permanent array 136 were magnetized so as to align rotor 158 so
that registration pin 166 was out of alignment with registration
aperture 174, when cylinder 80 was rotated the axial displacement
of programmable coupling member 172 would be stopped by the
engagement of registration pin 166 against surface 176 so that shoe
188 would not be cleared.. If this occurs, while the cylinder can
rotate, and while cam follower 200 is no longer supported by
camming surface 216, the latch member is held in the locked
position by the interaction of shoe 188 and programmable coupling
member 172. Since the cylinder is free to rotate despite the fact
that the key is not programmed to correspond to the lock, the latch
cannot be forced by pressure applied to the cylinder.
The programming of the lock 70 may be accomplished by the remote
actuation of motors 186 and 186' to rotatably position the
respective programmable coupling members. Said motors are
preferably stepping motors for incremental positioning of the
programmable coupling members in each of a plurality of discrete
locations. In the embodiment depicted, the provision of an array of
six permanent magnets permits six discrete orientations of the
magnetic field, so that the stepping motor would be adapted to
position the registration aperture 174 of programmable coupling
member 172 in each of six positions corresponding to the six
orientations of the magnetic field. The programming of the
permanent magnets of each permanent magnet array of key 110 merely
requires a corresponding array of strong electro-magnets which may
be selectively energized to the desired polarity to impress a
strong magnetic field on each of the permanent magnets to dispose
that permanent magnet in the desired polarity. An array of six such
electro-magnets aligned in registration with each permanent magnet
array in key maker 48 would permit the simultaneous programming of
the key and the programmable coupling discs.
FIG. 10 depicts an alternate embodiment 110 of the key in
accordance with the invention wherein, in place of each array of
permanent magnets, single discs of magnetic material 136' and 137'
are mounted on key 110'. The material of the discs is characterized
by the capability of magnetizing regions thereof. As illustrated in
FIG. 10, the regions marked with an "N" are magnetized so that
north poles appear at the surface depicted, while the regions
marked with an "S" are polarized so that south poles appear in said
surface regions. The reverse face of discs 136' and 137' would be
oppositely polarized. The array of electromagnets referred to above
could be used to program the discs of FIG. 10. In all other
respects, the key of FIG. 10 functions in the same manner as key
110 described above.
For many lock applications, it is desirable to provide for the
opening of a number of different locks by a single master key, such
as a maids' key. In the lock art, this result has been achieved by
providing a series of concentric cylinders with separate parting
lines actuated by such master keys. A similar multilevel
construction is depicted in the embodiment of the lock in
accordance with the invention shown in FIGS. 11-16. By way of
illustration, only the mechanism associated with a single array of
permanent magnets 136' is depicted. Cylinder 80', cams 94' and 98'
and the magnetic circuit formed by disc 151" and flux tubes 154"
and 156" are similar in construction to the embodiment of FIGS. 1-9
as is key 110', like reference numerals being applied to like
components.
A rotor 230 carrying a permanent bar magnet 232 is rotatably
mounted on a stub shaft 234 (FIG. 12) projecting from plane surface
152" of cylinder support portion 74'. Said rotor supports a first
registration pin 236 and a second, longer registration pin 238,
first registration pin 236 being spaced a greater distance from the
axis of stub shaft 234 then second registration pin 238 (FIG.
16).
In place of a single programmable coupling member, the lock of
FIGS. 11-16 is provided with a first outer programmable coupling
member 240 and a second inner programmable coupling member 242
mounted within an axial bore 244 in said first outer coupling
member. The first outer programmable coupling member is supported
on a bracket portion 246 while the second inner programmable
coupling member is supported by said first outer programmable
coupling member and a bracket portion 248 of the housing block. End
surface 250 of first outer programmable coupling member 240 is
formed with a registration recess 252 dimensioned to receive first
pin 236 and spaced from the axis of the second outer programmable
coupling member a distance equal to the spacing of said first pin
from the axis of stub shaft 234. Similarly, end surface 254 of
second inner programmable coupling member 242 is formed with a
registration recess 256 for registration with and receipt of second
pin 238. Projecting camming surfaces 104' of cams 94' and 98'
engage against end surface 250.
Second inner coupling member 242 is formed with an enlarged region
258 spaced from end surface 254 and defining a lateral annular wall
260 against which the inner end 262 of first outer programmable
coupling member 240 abuts. The end of said second inner
programmable coupling member itself abuts bracket portion 248 of
the housing block. The respective ends of said first and second
programmable coupling members 240 and 242 are respectively formed
with laterally projecting flanges 264 and 266. A coil spring 268
extends between flange 264 and bracket portion 246 to bias the
first outer programmable coupling member toward rotor 230 against
cams 94' and 98'. Bore 244 is formed with a region 270 of increased
diameter defining a lateral wall 272 in first outer programmable
coupling member 240. A second coil spring 274 is compressed between
wall 272 and flange 266 to bias second inner programmable coupling
member 242 toward rotor 230 relative to said first outer
programmable coupling member.
The first outer programmable coupling member is selectively
rotatably positionable by means of a spur gear portion 276 formed
on the outer surface thereof for cooperation with drive gear 278
operatively coupled to a motor not shown. Similarly, second inner
programmable coupling member 242 may be selectively rotatably
positioned by means of a spur gear portion 280 formed on the
peripheral surface thereof in the region of bracket portion 248
which cooperates with drive gear 282 couples to a motor not
shown.
The lock of FIGS. 11-16 would be provided with a latch member,
cylinder coupling member and cam follower arrangement similar to
that depicted in connection with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-9.
However, in place of the shoe arrangement for displacing the cam
follower, the embodiment of FIGS. 11-16 is provided with an
assembly 284 for coupling said latch member and said cylinder
coupling member by displacing said cam follower when first
registration pin 236 is received within registration recess 252 or
second registration 238 is received within registration recess
256.
As shown in FIG. 13, coupling assembly 284 includes a carriage
formed from a pair of spaced rods 286 fixed to and carrying a pair
of spaced plates 288. The entire carriage would be mounted on the
housing block and secured to the cam follower for displacement of
said cam follower. Sandwiched between plates 288 is a slide plate
290 formed with two slots 292 dimensioned to receive rods 286 and
to permit said slide plate to move up and down as viewed in FIGS.
12 and 13. Secured to opposite sides of slide plate 290 are a pair
of fingers 294 and 296, positioned so as to extend across opposite
sides of said first and second programmable coupling members.
Fingers 294 and 296 are respectively provided with inclined camming
surfaces 298 and 300 which engage against surfaces of said first
and second programmable coupling members in a manner described
below.
FIGS. 11, 12 and 13 depict the lock in the locked position. At said
position, finger 296 engages the annular surface of enlarged
portion 258 of second inner programmable coupling member 242 while
finger 294 engages the enlarged annular surface region 302 of first
outer programmable coupling member 240. As best illustrated in FIG.
13, the diameter sensed by the inclined camming surfaces of fingers
294 and 296 is large and the entire carriage of coupling assembly
284 is displaced to the right as viewed in FIG. 13, at which
position the latch member is prevented from engaging with the
cylinder coupling member.
If, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the key 110" received within the
cylinder has a permanent magnet array 136' magnetized to orient
rotor 230 so that second registration pin 238 is aligned with
recess 266 in second inner programmable coupling member 242, then
said first and second programmable coupling members are displaced
as a unit to the left as viewed in FIG. 14 until end surface 250 of
first outer programmable coupling member 240 engages the end of
first registration pin 236. At this position, as shown in FIGS. 14
and 15, finger 294 still rides on the periphery of region 302 of
enlarged diameter of said first outer programmable locking member.
However, finger 296 is in registration with a portion 304 of said
second inner programmable locking member, region 304 having a
diameter less than the diameter of enlarged portion 258. The total
diameter sensed by the inclined camming surfaces 298 and 300 of
fingers 294 and 296 is less than the diameter sensed at the locked
position and the carriage of coupling assembly 284 is displaced to
the left as viewed in FIG. 15 to displace the cam follower and
engage the lock member against the cylinder coupling member.
If the configuration of the magnetic field produced by the magnetic
array 136' were such as to position rotor 230 so that first
registration pin 236 were in registration with recess 252, then the
axial displacement of second inner programmable coupling member 242
would be stopped by engagement with pin 238 while finger 296 still
engaged region 258 of larger diameter. However, first outer
programmable coupling member 240 would be displaced to the left as
viewed in FIG. 11 so that pin 236 is received within recess 252 due
to the action of spring 268 which is selected to overcome spring
274. At this position of first outer programmable coupling member
240, finger 294 rests on the end region 262 thereof which is of a
diameter smaller than region 302 so that the total diameter sensed
by the fingers is less than the diameter sensed at the locked
position illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13. While in the case of FIG.
15, the slots 292 permitted slide plate 290 to be displaced
upwardly so that the fingers engage the respective surfaces of the
first and second programmable coupling members, where first pin 236
is received within recess 252 said slide plate is displaced
downwardly as viewed in FIG. 12. However, the entire carriage
portion of coupling assembly 284 is displaced to the left as viewed
in FIG. 13 due to the narrow diameter sensed by the fingers and the
latch member is coupled to the cylinder coupling member. In order
to increase the displacement of said carriage portion, the inner
portion of the inclined camming surfaces 290 and 300 can be cut off
at points corresponding to the respective points of engagement with
the programmable coupling members shown in FIG. 15 to define a slot
of the narrow diameter described above.
As in the case of the embodiment of FIGS. 1--9, the first and
second programmable coupling members of FIGS. 11-16 are released
for longitudinal displacement by the rotation of the cylinder and
cams mounted thereon. A commercial embodiment of the lock depicted
in FIGS. 11-16 would include a number of such mechanisms and the
carriage portion of coupling asembly 284 would be displaced to the
left as viewed in FIG. 13 only where the fingers of each of the
mechanisms detected a smaller diameter, a condition analogous to
the clearance of all of the shoes in the embodiment of FIGS. 1-9.
The precise number of magnetic arrays and associated mechanisms
will depend on the number and complexity of the combinations
required for opening the lock. Each of the levels of each mechanism
would be separately programmable through drive gears corresponding
to drive gears 278 and 282.
It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, and those
made apparent from the preceding description, are efficiently
attained and, since certain changes may be made in the above
constructions without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above
description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be
interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended
to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention
herein described, and all statements of the scope of the invention
which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall
therebetween.
* * * * *