U.S. patent number 3,842,522 [Application Number 05/312,119] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-22 for method for hydraulically raising ore and other materials.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Klein, Schanzlin & Becker Aktiengesellschaft. Invention is credited to Kurt Holzenberger, Otto Schiele.
United States Patent |
3,842,522 |
Holzenberger , et
al. |
October 22, 1974 |
METHOD FOR HYDRAULICALLY RAISING ORE AND OTHER MATERIALS
Abstract
A plurality of containers in a riser conduit cooperate
cyclically with a main suction pump and a flushing pump. Control
valves are cyclically operated so that the main suction pump
exhausts clear flushing water from one container, whereby a
pressure differential is produced for raising an ore-water mixture
in the lower portion of the riser conduit to the level of the
container, while the ore-water mixture in another container is
flushed through the upper riser conduit portion to the surface
level. Between two and four containers can be used for the cyclical
operation so that the ore-water mixture flows continuously out of
the upper riser conduit portion, while any contact between the
material and the main suction pump and the flushing pump is
avoided.
Inventors: |
Holzenberger; Kurt
(Frankenthal/Pfalz, DT), Schiele; Otto
(Neudtadt/Weinstrasse, DT) |
Assignee: |
Klein, Schanzlin & Becker
Aktiengesellschaft (Frankenthal, Pfalz, DT)
|
Family
ID: |
27182980 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/312,119 |
Filed: |
December 4, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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195920 |
Nov 5, 1971 |
3753303 |
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Foreign Application Priority Data
|
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Nov 10, 1970 [DT] |
|
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2055132 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
37/195; 406/109;
37/320 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02F
3/88 (20130101); E21C 50/00 (20130101); E02F
7/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E02F
3/88 (20060101); E02F 7/10 (20060101); E02F
7/00 (20060101); E21C 45/00 (20060101); E02f
003/88 () |
Field of
Search: |
;37/58,59,DIG.8,195
;417/435,149 ;302/66,14 ;417/123 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Crowder; Clifford D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Striker; Michael S.
Parent Case Text
This application is a division of application Ser. No. 195,920,
filed Nov. 5, 1971, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,753,303, entitled "entitled
for Hydraulically Raising One and Other Materials."
Claims
We claim:
1. A method of hydraulically raising material, such as ore, from
the bottom of the sea through a riser conduit having upper and
lower conduit portions, comprising the steps of providing a
distributing station between said lower and upper riser conduit
portions including a plurality of vertical conduit-shaped
containers; providing a main pump means and a flushing pump means,
providing connecting conduit means including a plurality of lower
connecting conduits connecting the upper ends of said lower riser
conduit portions with the lower ends of said conduit-shaped
containers; providing connecting means between the inlet of said
main pump means and said conduit-shaped containers; providing
connecting means between the outlet of said flushing pump means and
said conduit-shaped containers; providing valves in each of said
connecting means; reducing the pressure in at least one of said
containers via said main pump means while venting said container to
the atmosphere for producing a pressure differential between said
one container and the respective lower conduit portion of said
riser conduit; opening the valve provided in the connecting means
between the respective upper end of said riser conduit portion and
the lower end of said one container while closing the valve in the
connecting means between said main pump means and said one
container so that a mixture of said material and water rises into
said container through the respective lower conduit portion of said
riser conduit without entering said main pump; controlling
communication between said containers by producing a pressure
differential in one of said containers while effecting flushing of
said mixture with clear water from another of said containers by
said flushing pump means so that said mixture is flushed through
said upper conduit portion of said riser conduit to the sea surface
without flowing through either of said pump means, said steps being
carried out cyclically with the respective containers, so that the
flow of the flushed material in said upper conduit portion to the
sea surface level is substantially continuous.
2. A method of hydraulically raising material as defined in claim
1, wherein the step of reducing comprises reducing the pressure to
atmospheric pressure.
3. A method of hydraulically raising material as defined in claim
1, wherein the step of reducing comprises reducing the pressure to
a level approaching the vapor pressure limit of the water.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for
hydraulically transporting ore or other solid materials from a
great depth, particularly the bottom of the sea, to the surface
level of the sea.
Apparatus serving this purpose is known by which a mixture of water
and ore pieces is pumped upwards by pumps located below the surface
level in a riser conduit means which extends from the bottom of the
sea to the surface. A disadvantage of the prior art is the heavy
wear of the pumps caused by the ore pieces passing therethrough.
The greater the length of the riser conduit is, and correspondingly
the greater the vertical distance which the ore is raised is, the
greater is the wear of the pumps. Standard pumps are not very well
suited to the transporting of ore bodies, and therefore have a very
short span of life, which is a great disadvantage since repair of
the pumps or exchange, is very difficult and time consuming dur to
the difficult access to pumps immersed in the sea below the
surface.
It may be possible to provide a very large container below the
surface, which is vented to atmospheric pressure and into which a
ore-water mixture flows through a long riser conduit due to the
pressure differential between the vented container and the bottom
of the sea. However, it is necessary to continuously empty the
container by pumps pumping the ore-water mixture to the surface, so
that the above explained great wear of the pumps would not be
avoided.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is one object of the invention to provide a method for raising a
mixture of solid materials and water by a riser conduit to the
surface of the sea, without transporting the mixture through and by
pumps.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method for
hydraulically raising a material without the use of pumps
transporting and pumping the material, using only pumps for pumping
clear water.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method for raising
a material by means of pumps which are not subject to wear by the
raised material.
With these objects in view, the method according to the present
invention uses a flushing pump means and a main suction pump means,
which pump only clear water, while the ore-water mixture is raised
by a pressure differential produced by the main suction pump. The
pumps never have contact with the raised ore pieces, or with water
from which the ore pieces have been filtered. Nevertheless, a
substantially continuous discharge of the ore-water mixture at the
surface level is obtained.
For this purpose, a distributing station including a plurality of
containers, preferably between two and four containers, is provided
in a riser conduit, and the main suction pump and the flushing pump
are cyclically used to produce the required pressure differential
for raising the ore-water mixture, and for flushing the containers.
One or several main suction pumps, preferably submersed in the
water, and one or several flushing pumps, which may be located
above the water surface, or below the same, are preferably provided
and connected by suitable connecting conduits with the containers
at the distributing station.
One embodiment of the invention uses riser conduit means including
a lower conduit portion having a lower end for picking up material
from the bottom of the sea and an upper conduit portion having an
upper end located at the surface level of the sea; a distributing
station between the lower and upper conduit portions, and including
a plurality of containers, and main pump means; flushing pump means
positioned for pumping clear water, preferably at the surface of
the sea; connecting conduit means connecting the inlet of the main
pump means, the outlet of the flushing pump means, and the lower
and upper conduit portions with the containers; and control means
including control valve means located in the connecting conduit
means between the containers on the one hand, and said main pump
means, said flushing pump means and said conduit portions on the
other hand.
The control valve means are cyclically operated for effecting
exhaustion of clear flushing water from one of the containers for
producing a pressure differential between the lower end of the
riser conduit means and the container for raising a mixture of the
material, such as ore-pieces, and water, in the lower conduit
portion of the riser conduit means. At the same time, the mixture
is flushed from another container by the flushing pump into the
upper conduit portion of the riser conduit and out of the upper end
of the same. As a result, the main pump and the flushing pump means
pump no solid material, but only clear water, while the mixture of
solid material with water flows substantially continuously outward
the upper end of the riser conduit means.
A method according to the invention also comprises the steps of
reducing the pressure in a container in the riser conduit means for
producing a pressure differential between the container and the
lower end of the riser conduit means, so that a mixture of the
solid material and water rises into the container from the lower
conduit portion of the riser conduit means; and flushing the
container with clear water so that the mixture is flushed through
the upper conduit portion of the riser conduit to the surface of
the sea without flowing through a pump.
Preferably, the reduction of the pressure, the filling of the
container with the mixture, and the flushing of the container, are
cyclically carried out with a plurality of containers, so that one
container is flushed while another container is exhausted to
produce the pressure differential or filled with the material due
to the pressure differential. In this manner, the flow of the
flushed mixture in the upper conduit portion to the surface level
is substantially continued.
An air venting conduit may be provided between the container and
the air above the sea surface so that the pressure in the container
is reduced to atmospheric pressure. However, it is also possible to
exhaust clear flushing water from a container to create in the same
a low pressure approaching the vapor pressure limit of water.
The arrangement used for the invention, in which no pump has
contact with solid material raised from a great depth, permits the
use of standard inexpensive pumps, which are not subjected to the
wear caused by ore pieces, sand or abrasive substances floating in
the water. The control valves in the connecting conduits are also
protected from raised solid material.
As noted above, two, three or four containers may be provided at
the distribution station for cyclical filling, flushing and
exhausting by the pumps. The main suction pump produces a pressure
in the respective container below the water pressure at the
respective depth, so that the ore-water mixture flows into the
respective container until it is full. During this filling
operation, the flushing pump flushed the second container, which is
filled with the ore-water mixture, with clear water so that the
material in the second container is flushed through the upper
portion of the riser conduit to the surface of the sea. Evidently,
the flushing pump pumps only clear water, and has no contact with
the transported solid material. At the same time, while the first
container is filled with the mixture, and the second container is
flushed by the flushing pump, the main suction pump exhausts a
third container to remove the flushing water therefrom that the
pressure in the third container is substantially reduced, and a
pressure differential is created so that the mixture flows into the
third container when the same is connected by control valves with
the lower conduit portion of the riser conduit. In this embodiment
of the invention, three containers are used, which not only
prevents contact of the raised material with the pumps, but also
obtains a substantially continuous flow of the ore-water mixture
through the upper portion of the riser conduit means to the surface
of the sea, and into a vessel. Accordingly, the flows produced by
the main suction pump and by the flushing pump are substantially
continuous and if an air vent is provided for each container, the
air flow into the containers after exhaustion by the main suction
pump, is also substantially continuous.
During the filling of a container by the ore-water mixture, air is
pushed out of the respective container, but it is not necessary to
vent this air to a point above the surface level, but the air can
flow from one container into another.
It is another possible to pump the flushing water, after expelling
the ore-water mixture from one container, by a submerged pump,
which may be the main suction pump, to another container for
expelling the ore-water mixture from the same, and so forth, in a
cyclical operation. However, such flushing stream will be soiled
after some time by remnants of the expelled ore-water mixture, so
that this pump would be subject to heavy wear. It is therefore more
advantageous to provide a conduit between the flushing pump at the
surface level and the containers since the flushing pump is then
easily accessible, never has contact with solid particles, and
always operates with clear unsoiled water due to these advantages,
the additional resistance caused by the conduit connecting the
flushing pump with the containers, can be disregarded.
The containers at the distributing station may be spherical or
cylindrical and have a diameter greater than the diameters of the
connecting conduits. Such an arrangement has the advantage of a
short length of the containers, and a compact shape of the
distributing station.
In another embodiment of the invention, the containers are long,
parallel, horizontal or vertical conduits constructed and arranged
in such a manner that solid particles of the raised material are
not permitted to settle at any point of the distributing station,
so that the ore particles cannot be deposited in the containers. By
suitable hydraulic circuit, the result can be obtained that the
stream of the ore-water mixture need not change its direction of
the conduits forming the three containers, for example, so that its
flow velocity is maintained constant even if the mixture has flown
into a container, and the flushing operation begins.
In another embodiment of the invention, each of the parallel,
preferably adjacent, container conduit portions of the distributing
station are constructed as extensions of the flushing conduit which
is connected with the flushing pump. Without additional conduits,
the advantage is obtained that the lower portion of the flushing
conduit can be used as a further container at the distributing
station, so that the cycle includes four operations, combining,
increasing of the continuity of the discharged stream of the
ore-water mixture.
If the apparatus has four containers at the distributing station,
the flushing water first flows downward into a container which, at
this time, is filled with clear flushing water to expel this water
out of the conduit-like container. Thereupon, during the next
cycle, the flushing water flows upward into the second conduitlike
container filled with the ore-water mixture, so that this mixture
is expelled from the second container into the upper portion of the
riser conduit means. This modification improves the flushing
effect, because in this manner two parallel conduit-like container
portions are successively passed by the flushing water stream, so
that a wear of the pump by particles remaining from the ore-water
mixture at the mixing zone or at boundary layers, is reduced.
Depending on the number of containers and associated connecting
conduits, the control means for obtaining cyclically the required
connection, include a corresponding number of control valves in the
connecting conduits. The number of control valves can be reduced if
several control valves are replaced by multi-channel valves
connecting the lower and upper conduit portions with the
containers. As explained above, the pressure in one of the
containers is reduced by removing clear flushing water from the
same by means of the main suction pump. In one embodiment of the
invention, each container can be connected with atmospheric air or
gas, and the main suction pump is connected to the lower ends of
the containers. Consequently, the low pressure required for
obtaining a substantial pressure differential, becomes equal to the
atmospheric pressure. The embodiment requires three or four steps
for each cycle and obtains continuous flow of the ore-water mixture
through the lower and upper conduit portions of the riser
conduit.
In another embodiment of the invention, the pressure is
successively reduced in each of said containers to a low pressure
approaching the vapor pressure limit of water by the main suction
pump. Such an arrangement eliminates the venting conduits, and
simplifies the construction and reliability of operation, inasmuch
as that only two containers have to be used which operate in a
two-step cycle. A reduction of the number of the steps of the cycle
to two alternating steps requires that the main suction pump, which
is preferably submerged in water, is not connected with the lower
ends of the containers, but with the upper ends. In contrast to the
embodiments in which three or more containers are provided, in
which the magnitude of the low pressure produced by the main
suction pump is determined by the atmospheric pressure, as
explained above, the embodiment with only two containers is
characterized in that the low pressure alternately produced by the
main suction pump in the two containers, which may be conduit
types, is maintained by the main suction pump in accordance with
its pressure head, while the lowermost pressure is determined by
the formation of vapor or steam bubbles. The main suction pump is
then protected from cavitation due to the downward extending
suction conduits and the corresponding increase of the water
pressure. In addition, to the above mentioned reduction of the
number of control valves, the embodiment with two containers has
the advantage that instead of expensive closure valves, quickly
reacting flap valves of simple construction can be used, which are
shifted without application of an outer force by the stream passing
through the valves.
All embodiments of the invention, irrespective of the number of
containers used in the cyclical operation, require a number of
connecting conduits and closure control valves, and reliable
operating means for the same. The control valves are successively
in contact with clear sea water and with the ore-water mixture.
Consequently, the control valves should be wear resistant and
adaptable to different flowing liquids. Nevertheless, the danger of
damage to the control valves exists, when the switched stream of
ore-water mixture flows into control valves which are in the
process of opening, or closing, or which are still closed. To avoid
damage caused to control valves, the present invention provides a
diffuser between the lower portion of the riser conduit means and
the control valves at the lower ends of the containers which are
operated to open and close the containers.
The diffuser is provided with inlet pipes, outlet pipes, and
control conduits and has groups of control nozzles at the surface
which is in contact with the ore-water mixture. The control nozzles
are located in the region between the inlet pipe and the outlet
pipes, the number of outlet pipes being the same as the number of
groups of control nozzles, and as the number of conduits connected
with the groups of nozzles, respectively, which are provided for
the flushing water and can be cyclically controlled. The control
diffuser influences the flow of ore-water mixture, by means of
cyclically varying control streams of clear flushing water so that
the ore-water mixture does not impinge closed, or opening or
closing control valves. It must be considered that the exchange of
even only one damaged control valve, which is below the surface
level of the sea, is very expensive and results in a long
interruption of the entire operation. In accordance with the
invention, the control valves are only operated when the respective
diffuser stream has deflected the ore-water mixture in the desired
direction, and into the container provided for the respective step
of the cycle, and after the control valves to be operated are long
through only by the clear flushing water.
A further advantage of the diffuser resides in that the deflection
of the ore-water stream is effected hydraulically, and consequently
causes no wear.
The novel features which are considered as characteristic for the
invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The
invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its
method of operation, together with additional objects and
advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following
description of specific embodiment when read in connection with the
accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a side elevation schematically illustrating an embodiment
used for the invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevation illustrating a portion of FIG. 1 on a
larger scale;
FIG. 3 is a side elevation illustrating a modification of the
embodiment of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side elevation illustrating a modification of
the embodiment of FIG. 3 in which three conduit-like containers are
provided;
FIG. 5 is a schematic side elevation illustrating an embodiment in
which four conduit-like containers are provided;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a portion of
the embodiment of FIG. 5 provided with a diffusor;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary cross-section taken on line VII--VII in
FIG. 6; and illustrating the diffusor;
FIG. 8 is a side elevation illustrating an embodiment with two
containers, provided with a diffusor and flap valves;
FIG. 9 is an elevation of the embodiment of FIG. 8 as viewed in the
direction of the arrow A;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken on line X--X in FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is an elevation of the embodiment of FIG. 8 as viewed in
the direction of the arrow B in FIG. 8; and
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken on line XII--XII in FIG.
11.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring first to FIG. 1, which generally illustrates an
arrangement according to the invention for the conveying and
raising ores and other solid materials from the bottom of the sea
to the surface, a riser conduit 1,2 is provided which has a lower
conduit portion 2, having a lower end provided with a pick-up means
3 which is located at the bottom of the sea, and an upper conduit
portion 1 which has an upper discharge end located above the
surface of the sea for discharging material and ore into a vessel
12b. Between the lower conduit portion 2 and the upper conduit
portion 1 a distributing station 4 is provided which includes a
plurality of containers 8, three containers being shown in FIG. 1,
which are connected to each other and to the riser conduit means
1,2 by connecting conduits and control valves, generally indicated
at 9. At least one flushing pump with a flushing conduit 6 is
connected to the lower ends of the containers 8, while the upper
ends of the containers 8 are connected by venting conduit 7 with
the air above the surface. The flushing pump 5 may be mounted on a
vessel 12a. The distributing station 4 includes a main suction pump
10 also connected to the lower ends of containers 8 by a suction
conduit 11.
FIG. 2 illustrates particularly the distributing station 4 and the
conduits connected therewith in greater detail. The embodiment has
three containers 13 which are cyclically used for carrying out the
three steps of a cyclical operation. The upper ends of the
spherical containers and also the lower ends of the spherical
containers are connected by connecting conduits 14 to each other,
and to the upper conduit portion 1 and to the lower conduit portion
2, respectively. Control valves 17 are located in each of the
connnecting conduits and also in conduit portions 1 and 2. The
upper connecting conduits 14 branch off a point 16 of the upper
conduit portion 1, and the lower connecting conduits 14 branch off
a point 15 of the lower conduit portion 2. The flushing conduit 6
is connected by three connecting conduit portions 6a with the three
containers 13, and the suction conduit 11 is connected by three
connecting conduits 11a with the three containers 13. The
connecting conduits 11a and 6a are provided with control valves 17,
which can be cyclically operated together with the other control
valves 17 in conduits 14.
The raising and conveying of a mixture of ore and water from the
bottom of the sea through riser conduit means 1, 2 and containers 8
is effected in a cyclical operation including three steps. At any
time one of the containers 13 is emptied by the main suction pump
10 from clear flushing water filling the same, as will be explained
hereinafter so that the pressure in this container is reduced to
atmospheric pressure due to the venting of the first container
through the venting conduit 7 and the respective connecting conduit
7a. The reduction of the pressure in the respective container 13
permits a mixture of water and ore to flow upward in the lower
conduit portion 2 due to the fact that the very high pressure
prevails at the bottom. Consequently, the ore-water mixture fills
container 13, expelling the air from the same through connecting
conduit 7a and venting conduit 7. The ore-water mixture fills the
lower conduit portion 2 due to the pressure differential when the
control valve 17 in the respective connecting conduit 14 is opened
so that the mixture flows directly into the respective
container.
During the filling of one container 13 by the ore-water mixture, a
second identical container 13 which has just been filled in the
preceding step by the ore-water mixture, is flushed by a stream of
clear water taken by flushing pump 5 at the surface level so that
the clear flushing water, filling the second container 13, expells
the ore-water mixture through the respective connecting conduit 14
and the upper conduit portion 1 into the vessel 12b, leaving the
second container 13 filled with clear flushing water.
At the same time, main suction pump 10 exhausts flushing water
which has remained in container 13, so that the third container 13
is filled with air from the venting conduit 7 and the respective
connecting conduit 7a.
Consequently, the first step, filling of the container with the
ore-water mixture, can now be carried out with the third container,
as described for the first container so that the three
above-described operations are cyclically repeated and the
ore-water mixture continuously passes through the upper conduit
portion 1 since at any time one of the three containers 13 is
filled with the ore-water mixture which is expelled by flushing
water from pump 5.
FIG. 3 illustrates a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 2 in
which the three control valves in the upper connecting conduit 14
are replaced by a multi-channel, preferably rotary valve 19, and
the three control valves 17 in the lower connecting conduit 14 are
replaced by similar multi-channel rotary valve 18. The lower
multi-channel valve 18 is connected with conduit portion 2,
connecting conduits 14, flushing conduit 6, and suction conduit 11,
while the upper multi-channel valve 19 is connected with the upper
conduit portion 1, with connecting conduits 14, and with the
venting conduit 7. The cyclical operation is the same as described
with reference to FIG. 2.
The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, has instead of spherical or
cylindrical containers, three long parallel vertical pipe portions
or conduit portions 20, which serve the purpose of the containers
described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. Multiple channel control
valves 18 and 19 are provided at the ends of the conduit portions
20 for connecting the conduit portions cyclically with suction
conduit 11, flushing conduit 6, and the upper and lower portions of
riser conduit means 1, 2. Due to the constant diameter of the
container conduit portions 20, no material can settle in the same,
and be carried with the flushing water to the main pump 10.
The embodiment of FIG. 5 uses four long parallel, vertical pipes
20a, 20b, 20c, 20d as containers in a four step cycle. The flushing
conduit 6, which extends downward from the flushing pump 5 at the
surface level to the distributing station, participates in the
cycle and is connected by individual control valves 41, 42, 43, 44
with the pipes 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d. The upper ends of pipes 20a to
20d have upper ends connected by control valves 21 to 24 with the
upper conduit portion 1, and by control valves 51 to 54 with
venting conduit 7. All control valves are operated in a
predetermined sequence by an automatic operation of means which are
not illustrated in the drawing. The control valves may be remote
controlled. The lower ends of the pipe containers 20a to 20d are
connected by individual control valves 31 to 34, which can be
opened and closed, with the lower conduit portion 2 and are
connected in this region by conduit 60 which is connected by
control valves 61 to 64 with the pipe containers 20a to 20d,
respectively. The suction pipe 11 of the main suction pump 10 is
connected by control valves 71 to 74 to the four pipe containers
20a to 20d. The raising of the ore-water mixture from the bottom to
the surface of the sea is carried out in four step cycles. While
the pipe container 20a is under atmospheric pressure, after opening
of control valve 31 while control valves 21, 41, 61, 71 are closed,
while control valve 51 is opened, pipe container 20a is filled with
the ore-water mixture due to the pressure differential between the
upper and lower ends of the lower conduit portion 2 of the riser
conduit means 1,2.
At the same time, the pipe container 20b filled with the ore-water
mixture during the preceding step of the cycle is flushed from
below through connecting conduit 60, and the opened control valve
63 and 62 by flushing water from pipe container 20c so that the
ore-water misture is expelled from pipe container 20b through the
upper conduit portion 1, and discharged at the surface. In the same
period of time, the flushing pump 5 pumps flushing water through
flushing conduit 6 and the opened control valve 43 into the pipe
container 20c so that it can flow through control valves 62 and 63
in the pipe container 20b as explained above.
At the same time, the pipe container 20d, which was just filled
during the preceding step with flushing water, is exhausted by main
suction pump 10 and suction conduit 11 through the open control
valve 74, while the pipe container 20d is connected by venting
conduit 7 and the opened control valve 54 with the atmosphere, the
other control valves 24, 34, 44, and 64 being closed. By the
cyclical operation of all containers by means of opening the
respective control valves in a predetermined sequence, the
transport of the ore-water mixture through the four pipe containers
20a to 20d is effected so that the flow of the mixture upwards in
the upper conduit portion 1 is substantially continuous, since each
of the four pipe containers 20a to 20d successively discharges the
mixture into the upper conduit portion 1.
FIG. 6 illustrates a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 5,
which also operates with a four-step cycle. Only the lower portion
of the apparatus is illustrated. In this embodiment, a diffusor 80
is provided for protecting the control valves corresponding to
control valves 31 to 34 of the embodiment of FIG. 5 which close the
lower ends of the four pipe containers 20a to 20d.
In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the connection between the upper end
81 of the lower portion 2 of the riser conduit means and the branch
conduits leading to the four containers, is constructed as a
diffusor 80. Between the inlet connecting conduit 82, and the four
outlet connecting conduits 83a to 83d, control nozzles 87 are
arranged in four groups 88a to 88d of control nozzles 87. The
nozzle groups 88a to 88d are connected to the annular flushing
water conduit 60 by connecting conduits 84a to 84d which have
control valves 85a to 85d. Vertical connector pipes 60a to 60d
connect the annular flushing water conduit 60 by means of control
valves 61, 63, 62 and 64 with the pipe containers 20a to 20d. The
main suction pump 10 is connected by an annular portion of suction
conduit 11 and control valves 71 to 74 with the pipe containers 20a
to 20d.
The raising of the ore-water mixture in a four step cycle is
carried out as described with reference to FIG. 5. The diffusor 80
causes a hydraulic deflection of the stream of the ore-water
mixture out of the lower conduit portion 2 in a direction toward
the pipe container which is to be filled in accordance with the
cycle, for example, pipe container 20b. This is accomplished by a
control stream of clear flushing water flowing from the respective
connecting conduit 84d through the respective nozzle group 88d. A
stream of the ore-water mixture is deflected, and separates from
the inner surface of the diffusor which curves already toward the
outlet connecting conduit 83d, at the side where the nozzles of
nozzle group 88d are provided in the inner wall of the diffusor.
The deflected flow of the ore-water mixture follows the curved
surface of the opposite inner wall which curves toward the outlet
pipe connector 88b so that the ore-water mixture flows along the
nozzles of the groups of nozzles 88b into the pipe container
20b.
Flushing water entering from connecting conduit 84d through the
nozzle group 88d, also enters the three other outlet pipe
connectors 83a, 83c, 83d, which at this moment of the cycle do not
contain the ore-water mixture, up to the closed control valves 31,
33, 34, so that the same are protected from damage by the arriving
stream of the ore-water mixture when opened at the beginning of the
respective step of the cycle. In this manner, the surfaces of the
control valves 31, 33, 34 which are directed toward the diffusor,
are in contact only with clear flushing water, and are not
subjected to the damaging influence of the ore-water stream.
Control valve 32 provided at the lower end of the pipe container
20b is also operated only when in contact with clear flushing
water, or when flushing water flows therethrough, and is, for
example, only closed when the ore-water mixture has been deflected,
pipe container 20b has been filled, and only flushing water flows
through control valve 32, while the ore-water mixture is already
guided into the pipe container next in the cycle. The
above-described operations are repeated in a cyclical sequence for
successively filling the four pipe containers, and for raising the
ore-water mixture in the upper conduit portion 1.
In order to fill pipe container 20a, for example, with the
ore-water mixture, a control stream consisting of clear flushing
water flows first from conduit 60 through the connecting conduit
84c to the nozzle group 88c, which is not shown in FIG. 6. During
the next following step of the cycle, the control stream for the
deflection of the ore-water mixture flows to the nozzle group 88b
in order to deflect the ore-water mixture into pipe container 20d
or to the nozzle group 88a for deflecting the mixture into pipe
container 20c.
Operating means, not shown, open and close the respective control
valves to obtain the above-explained sequence of filling and
flushing operations.
FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a cross-section of the diffusor 80
which is symmetrical to a central axis and has four groups of
nozzles 88a to 88d, associated with the outlet pipe connector 83a
to 83d with connecting conduits 84a to 84d and control valves 85a
to 85d in the same.
FIGS. 8 to 12 illustrate an embodiment of the invention which
basically functions as the other embodiments, but operates in a two
step cycle. Two long, parallel, vertical pipe containers 100a and
100b are provided. Preferably, a diffusor 80 is provided between
the upper end 81 of the lower conduit portion 2, and the control
valve 101a, 101b which closes the lower ends of the pipe containers
100a and 100b. FIGS. 8 and 9 also show the position of the flushing
pipe 6 with flushing pump 5, and of suction conduit 111 which leads
downward to the main suction pump 10. The diffusor 80 is provided
between the inlet pipe connector 82 and the two outlet pipe
connectors 103a, 103b. The groups 108a and 108b of control nozzles
107 are provided. Nozzle groups 108a,b are connected by connecting
conduits 105a, 105b which do not contain control valves, to the two
branches of the flushing conduit 6, as best seen in FIGS. 11 and 9.
The two containers 100a, 100b merge into each other at the upper
conduit portion 1 of the riser conduit, and can be closed by a by a
shiftable flap valve 102. The suction conduit 111 of main pump 10
is connected, near the upper ends of containers 100a, 100b, but
below the valve 102, by a branch conduit with each of the two
containers 100a, 100b and extends parallel to the same downward to
the main suction pump 10, which may be located in the water. The
lower end of flushing conduit 6 is provided with a flap valve 110,
and the upper end of suction conduit 111 is provided with another
flap valve 110'. Valves 110 and 110' are provided with drive means
110a, 110b, respectively.
The transport of the ore-water mixture to the surface is carried
out in accordance with the principle described with reference to
the three-step and four-step cycles, the difference being that the
ore-water mixture is deflected in diffusor 80 alternately into one
of two opposite outlet pipe connectors 103a, and 103b.
If an ore-water mixture is to enter container 100b, a flushing
stream of clear flushing water, branch off the flushing conduit 6
by means of the connector conduit 105b, flows through the nozzle
group 108b. In this manner, a hydraulic deflection of the stream in
the outlet pipe connector 103b is obtained, since the ore-water
mixture separates from the surface on the sides of the nozzle group
108b, and follows the opposite inner wall of the diffusor.
In this manner, the ore-water mixture enters container 100b since
the main suction pump 10 sucks through suction conduit 111, which
is connected to the upper ends of the container, the flushing water
still filling container 100b, so that the low pressure required for
raising the ore-water mixture in the lower conduit 2 is obtained.
Since no venting is provided, the pressure may be reduced to the
vapor pressure limit of water, if desired. During this operation,
flushing water flows from below into the other container 100a,
which was filled in the preceding cyclical step with the ore-water
mixture. This flushing water is pump by flushing pump 5 downward in
the flushing conduit 6 so that the contents of the container are
pressed into the upper conduit portion 1 and discharged at the
surface level. The flap valves 101a, 101b and 102 serve as check
valves, and are opened and closed in accordance with the cycle by
streams of flushing water which are free of particles of the ore,
while the control flap valves 110 and 110a in flushing conduit 6
and suction conduit 111 are shifted, as required by the cycle, by
operating means acting on the drive means 110a and 110b so that
they are in contact only with clear water free of ore
particles.
It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or
two or more together, may also find a useful application in other
types of apparatus and method for hydraulically raising solid
material to a higher level, differing from the types described
above.
While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied
in an apparatus and method for raising ore from the bottom of the
sea to the surface without contact of the ore-water mixture with a
pump, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since
various modifications and structural changes may be made without
departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.
Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the
gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current
knowledge readily adapt it for various applications without
omitting features, that from the standpoint of prior art, fairly
constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific
aspects of this invention and, therefore, such adaptations should
and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of
equivalence of the following claims.
What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters
Patent is set forth in the appended claims.
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