U.S. patent number 3,841,329 [Application Number 05/287,661] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-15 for compact syringe.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Upjohn Company. Invention is credited to Fred M. Killinger.
United States Patent |
3,841,329 |
Killinger |
October 15, 1974 |
COMPACT SYRINGE
Abstract
A syringe having a liquid holding barrel closed at one end and
open at the other. A piston sealingly and slidably disposed within
the barrel and a rod connected to the piston and extending through
and substantially beyond the open end of the barrel. A cannula is
connected to the outer end of the rod, the piston and rod having a
passageway extending therethrough and communicating between the
interior of the barrel and the cannula. A closure yieldably
obstructs the movement of fluid from the barrel through the
cannula.
Inventors: |
Killinger; Fred M. (Portage,
MI) |
Assignee: |
The Upjohn Company (Kalamazoo,
MI)
|
Family
ID: |
23103834 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/287,661 |
Filed: |
September 11, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
604/231 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
5/31511 (20130101); A61M 5/283 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61M
5/28 (20060101); A61M 5/315 (20060101); A61m
005/24 (); A61m 005/22 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/220,216,218P,218M,218D,218PA,272,215,218DA ;206/63.2R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
988,826 |
|
Apr 1965 |
|
GB |
|
1,441,390 |
|
Nov 1968 |
|
DT |
|
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: McGowan; J. C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Woodhams, Blanchard & Flynn
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or
privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. A syringe for dispensing a liquid medicament, comprising:
hollow cylindrical barrel means having a closed axial end and an
open axial end;
elastomeric piston means sealingly and slidably disposed within
said barrel means for movement lengthwise thereof, said piston
means having a central opening therethrough in a direction
substantially parallel with the direction of movement of said
piston means;
closure means yieldably obstructing the flow of liquid from said
barrel means, said closure means comprising a membrane integral
with said piston means and extending across said opening, said
membrane having a slit therethrough;
elongated rod means having an end portion adjacent one end thereof
extending into and firmly held within said opening in said piston
means, said rod means having a central passageway therethrough and
being longer than said barrel means, whereby said rod means
projects outwardly through the open axial end of said barrel
means;
one-way gripping means coacting between said end portion and said
piston means
1. for preventing relative rotation between said end portion and
said piston means in one rotational direction to thereby permit
rotation of the rod means and the piston means relative to the
barrel means to break loose any seizing that may occur between the
piston means and the barrel means and
2. for permitting axial insertion of said end portion into said
opening of said piston means while preventing said end portion from
being axially separated from said piston means; said one-way
gripping means including projection means fixed to said end portion
and projecting radially outwardly therefrom for distorting the
portion of said piston means defining the opening therethrough, the
axial end face of said projection means which faces away from the
other end of said rod means being formed with an inclined surface
thereon which slopes downwardly and outwardly toward said other end
of said rod means to facilitate axial insertion of said rod means
into the opening formed in said piston means, the other axial end
face of said projection means extending outwardly substantially
radially relative to the longitudinal axis of said rod means for
preventing said rod means from being axially separated from said
piston means; and laterally projecting grip means on said rod means
near the other end thereof.
2. A syringe according to claim 1, including elongated cannula
means having one end thereof connected to the other end of said rod
means and communicating with the passageway therethrough, said
cannula means including a sleeve portion of enlarged inside and
outside diameter adjacent said rod means, said inside diameter
diverging toward said rod means, and said sleeve portion including
a flange fixed adjacent the free end thereof and projecting
outwardly therefrom;
wherein said rod means has a substantially cylindrical portion at
the other end thereof, said cylindrical portion converging toward
said cannula means for snug frictional engagement within the inside
diameter of said sleeve portion;
wherein said rod means has a sleeve part at said other end thereof
disposed outwardly from and positioned in surrounding relationship
to said cylindrical portion for defining an annular space
therebetween, said sleeve part having the inside surface thereof
formed with groove means thereon, said sleeve portion of said
cannula means projecting into said annular space with said flange
being engaged within the groove means for fixedly securing said
cannula means to said rod means;
wherein said sleeve portion of said cannula means is axially longer
than said sleeve part so that a portion of said sleeve portion
projects outwardly beyond the free end of said sleeve part when
said cannula means is mounted on said rod means; and
elongated sheath means closed at one end and open at the other end
for sealingly enclosing and surrounding said cannula means, the
inside surface of said sheath means adjacent said other end being
snugly and slidably engagable with the external surface of said
sleeve portion where same projects outwardly beyond said sleeve
part.
3. A syringe according to claim 1, wherein said projection means
includes an annular flange fixed to and surrounding said end
portion and projecting radially outwardly therefrom, and wherein
said one-way gripping means also includes a plurality of
circumferentially spaced projections fixed to said end portion and
projecting radially outwardly therefrom for distorting the portion
of said piston means defining the opening therethrough, said
projections being axially spaced from said annular flange and
including a substantially radially directed face on one side
thereof and a sloped face extending inwardly from the outer end of
said radial face to the outer periphery of said end portion,
whereby said projections effectively prevent rotation between said
piston means and said rod means only in said one rotational
direction.
4. A syringe for dispensing a liquid medicament, comprising;
hollow cylindrical barrel means having a closed axial end and an
open axial end;
elastomeric piston means sealingly and slidably disposed within
said barrel means for movement lengthwise thereof, said piston
means having a central opening therethrough in a direction
substantially parallel with the direction of movement of said
piston means;
closure means yieldably obstructing the flow of liquid from said
barrel means, said closure means comprising a membrane integral
with said piston means and extending across said opening, said
membrane having a slit therethrough;
elongated rod means having an end portion adjacent one end thereof
extending into and firmly held within said opening in said piston
means, said rod means having a central passageway therethrough and
being longer than said barrel means, whereby said rod means
projects outwardly through the open axial end of said barrel
means;
one-way gripping means coacting between said end portion and said
piston means for preventing relative rotation therebetween in one
rotational direction, thereby permitting rotation of the rod means
and the piston means relative to the barrel means to break loose
any seizing that may occur between the piston means and the barrel
means; and
said one-way gripping means includes a plurality of
circumferentially spaced projections fixed to said end portion and
projecting radially outwardly therefrom for distorting the portion
of said piston means defining the opening therethrough, said
projections including a substantially radially directed face on one
side thereof and a sloped face extending inwardly from the outer
end of said radial face to the outer periphery of said end portion,
whereby said projections effectively prevent relative rotation
between said piston means and said rod means only in said one
rotational direction;
the axial end face of each said projection which faces away from
the other end of said rod means being formed with an inclined
surface thereon which slopes downwardly and outwardly toward said
other end of said rod means to facilitate insertion of said rod
means into the opening formed in said piston means, the other axial
end face of each said projection extending outwardly in a
substantially radial plane relative to the longitudinal axis of
said rod means for preventing said rod means from being axially
separated from said piston means; and
laterally projecting grip means on said rod means near the other
end thereof.
Description
This invention relates in general to a syringe for injecting fluids
into a patient and, more particularly, to a type thereof which is
compact in size and relatively inexpensive to manufacture.
It has become increasingly advantageous, if not economically
essential, to provide single service packaging for injectable
medicaments, whether they be used for direct injection into a
patient or as additives for intravenous feeding. That is, the cost
of the materials used in fabricating a syringe has been reduced by
technological advancement, particularly relative to other costs, to
the point where it is not economically sound, in most instances, to
furnish a syringe of the type which is sterilized after each use so
that it can be refilled for another use. Moreover, the single
service syringe eliminates the risk of contamination carried from
one use to the next and, in fact, avoids the possibility of
contamination in general.
Incident to the increasing interest in the single service syringe
has been the desire for a reduction in cost, hence, in size of the
syringe. In pursuing the problem of size reduction, it occurred to
me that the piston in the syringe barrel could advantageously be
connected to the cannula and thereby reduce the overall length of
the syringe, while retaining the same liquid capacity. Moreover,
this would simplify the provision of closure means or valve means
for preventing a leak of the liquid from the syringe barrel during
a storage period. Furthermore, this arrangement would provide for a
far greater flexibility in syringe capacities with a minimum of
component parts.
Accordingly, the primary object of this invention is the provision
of a compact, single service syringe capable of relatively
inexpensive fabrication and including a totally enclosed
compartment in which the liquid to be injected is stored until time
for the injection.
A further object of this invention is the provision of a syringe,
as aforesaid, which is leak-proof, under normal storage conditions,
which is virtually contamination-proof, and which is comprised of
components which provide for a maximum of capacity variation with a
minimum number of components.
Other objects and purposes of the invention will become apparent to
persons familiar with this type of device upon reading the
following specification and examining the accompanying drawings, in
which:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a syringe embodying the
invention;
FIG. 2 is a partially exploded sectional view substantially as
taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view substantially as taken along the line
III--III in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line IV--IV in FIG.
1;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line V--V in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a fragment of FIG. 3 illustrating a modified
construction; and
FIG. 7 is a fragment of FIG. 3 showing a further modification.
For convenience in description, the terms "upper," "lower" and
words of similar import will have reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 and
parts thereof. The terms "inner," "outer" and derivatives thereof
will have reference to the geometric center of said syringe or any
major components thereof.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The objects and purposes of the invention, including those set
forth above, have been met by providing a syringe having an axially
elongated cylindrical and cup-shaped barrel in which a resiliently
flexible piston is slidably and sealingly disposed. Rod means is
connected at one end to the piston and at the other end to a
cannula. An axial opening through the piston, which connects with a
passageway through the rod, serve as a communication between the
interior of the barrel and the cannula. A yieldable closure means,
such as a slit membrane in the piston, yieldably obstructs movement
of the liquid from within the barrel through the passageway and out
the cannula.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The syringe assembly 10, a preferred embodiment of which is
illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, is comprised of a barrel 11, a piston
12 disposed within said barrel 11, a rod 13 connected at one end to
said piston, and a cannula 14 connected to the other end of the rod
13. A sheath 16 is provided to cover the cannula prior to use
thereof.
The barrel 11 is cup-shaped, preferably cylindrical, axially
elongated and it may be fabricated from glass, plastic or some
other substantially rigid material.
The piston 12, which is fabricated from an elastomeric material,
such as synthetic rubber, is substantially cylindrical in shape and
slightly larger in outside diameter than the inside diameter of
said barrel 11, which with said piston defines a chamber 17. The
piston 12 preferably has a plurality, here three, of radially
extending, spaced ridges 18 which improve the sealing engagement
between it and the inner wall of the barrel 11.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the piston has two
coaxial recesses 21 and 22 in the opposite axial ends thereof,
which recesses are spaced from each other to form a relatively thin
membrane 23 integral with the piston 12. The membrane 23 has a slit
24 substantially diametrically thereof and therethrough whereby
said membrane acts as a valve obstructing the flow of fluids
through the piston under circumstances where the pressure on
opposite sides of the membrane is substantially equalized.
The rod 13 (FIG. 2) is elongated and, throughout most of its
length, is X-shaped in cross-section (FIG. 4) in order to minimize
the amount of material utilized while maintaining adequate strength
and rigidity in said rod. There are three annular and radially
disposed flanges 27, 28 and 29 (FIG. 2) integral with said rod and
located near the upper end thereof, near the middle thereof, and
near the lower end thereof, respectively. The lower flanges 28 and
29, as shown in FIG. 1, are elongated transversely of said rod 13
in one diametrical direction, and they are so spaced with respect
to each other that the first and second fingers of a normal adult
hand can be inserted between these two flanges for controlling the
movement of the rod 13 relative to the barrel 11.
The rod 13 has an integral, upwardly extending and substantially
cylindrical stem 32 which is of approximately the same diameter as
the inside diameter of the cylindrical recess 22 in the piston 12.
The stem 32 has an upper, annular flange 33, the peripheral surface
of which is beveled so that it slopes downwardly and outwardly away
from the stem and thereby resists disengagement of the stem from
within the piston 12 after it is inserted into the recess 22.
The stem 32 also has a second, lower flange means 34 which, in this
embodiment, is comprised of four segments 36 (FIG. 5), the radial
edges of which define involute curves 37A terminating at their
outermost points in radial surfaces 37 extending back to the stem.
The radial surfaces 37 of the segments 36 positively oppose
rotation of the stem 32 relative to the piston 12 in one rotational
direction, thereby permitting rotation of the rod 13 and piston 12
relative to the barrel 11 in order to break loose any seizing that
may occur between the piston and the barrel during a period of
prolonged storage. The flange means 34 also has a downwardly and
outwardly sloping peripheral surface to facilitate insertion of the
stem into the piston and resist removal thereof.
The lower end of the rod 13 is provided with an integral nozzle 38
which is coaxial and substantially cylindrical, but preferably has
an outer surface which converges slightly downwardly. A passageway
39 extends substantially coaxially completely through the rod 13
including the stem 32 and nozzle 38. The rod 13 may be fabricated
from plastic, glass or any other convenient material. When the stem
32 is properly disposed within the recess 22, the upper flange 27
is snugly against the lower end of the piston 12 and the upper end
of the stem 32 is preferably spaced a short distance from the
membrane 23. The upper end of the stem 32 has a slight concavity 42
which coaxially encircles the upper end of the passageway 39. Thus,
as shown in FIG. 3, the edges of the membrane 23 defining the slit
24 therein can move downwardly into the concavity 42 when fluid in
the chamber 17 is exposed to a compressive force, whereby the fluid
can enter the passageway 39.
The cannula 14 may be substantially conventional with a sharpened
tip 43 at the lower end thereof. The upper end of the cannula 14 is
firmly embraced by the lower, reduced end portion 44 of the
coupling sleeve 46 which is substantially cylindrical and has an
internal surface which diverges upwardly slightly so that it can
firmly and frictionally engage and be sleeved upon the nozzle 38.
The cannula will normally be fabricated from metal but the sleeve
46 can be fabricated from plastic, glass, metal or the like. The
lower end 44 is permanently connected to the cannula 14, as by
being molded thereto or affixed thereto by an adhesive.
The sheath 16 is substantially cylindrical, relatively narrow in
cross section and closed at the lower end thereof. Said sheath has,
at least at its upper end, an upwardly diverging inner surface
designed to sleeve snugly upon and frictionally engage the outer
surface of the sleeve 46. Said sleeve 46 is preferably provided at
its upper edge with a radially outwardly extending flange 47
against which the upper end of the sheath 16 abuts in order to
prevent an excessive gripping between the sheath and the sleeve.
Thus, when the sheath 16 is pulled downwardly, relative to the
sleeve 46, it will release from the sleeve, rather than causing the
sleeve to release from the nozzle 38.
ASSEMBLY AND OPERATION
Persons skilled in the field of making and using syringes will
perceive the operation of said syringe assembly 10 from the
foregoing description. However, the assembly of the syringe and its
functioning will be summarized briefly hereinafter for
convenience.
Normally, the barrel 11 will be placed in an upwardly opening
position and filled with a fluid, such as a liquid medicament,
prior to the assembly of the syringe. The piston 12, having been
connected to the stem 32 of the rod 13, will then be inserted into
the chamber 17 of the barrel 11. Usually, piston 12 will be moved
downwardly into the barrel 11 so that any air on top of the liquid
can escape up through the slit in the membrane 23 and be expelled
from the syringe. At the same time, the air leaving the barrel,
which will normally be sterile, will purge non-sterile air from
within the passageway 39 in the rod 13. The sleeve 46 on the
cannula 14 is then telescopically mounted upon the nozzle 38 so
that accidental disengagement therebetween is not likely to occur.
The sheath 16 is then mounted upon the sleeve 46 and the syringe 10
is ready for use, storage or shipment, as desired.
When it becomes desirable to use the syringe 10, the sheath 16 is
disengaged and removed from the sleeve 46 so that the cannula 14 is
exposed. The syringe 10 is then placed in the hand of the operator
so that the first and second fingers of such hand are disposed
between the flanges 28 and 29 on opposite sides of the rod 13. The
upper closed end of the barrel 11 is pressed against the palm of
the same hand, roughly adjacent the thumb. Thus, by moving the
first and second fingers, toward the thumb, the piston 12 is moved
into the barrel 11 whereupon the liquid in the chamber 17 is
expelled through the slit in the membrane 23, through the
passageway 39 and into the cannula 14 from which it is
discharged.
While this type of syringe is normally designed for a single use
and subsequent disposal, it would be possible to sterilize and
reuse at least some parts of the syringe, such as the barrel 11,
the rod 13 and the cannula 14.
It will also be recognized that, under some circumstances, it may
be desirable to furnish the syringe 10 without the cannula 14 and
its sleeve 46 mounted on the rod 13. In such case, the nozzle may
be covered with a small cap and the cannula will be mounted on the
rod at the time of use. This will reduce the size of the package
for shipment.
ALTERNATE STRUCTURE
FIG. 6 illustrates an alternate structure for the nozzle 38 at the
lower end of the rod 13 of FIG. 2. Specifically, the rod 13A (FIG
6) has a nozzle 38A which is encircled by a substantially
concentric cylinder 51 spaced radially from the nozzle 38A and
having a spiral groove 52 in the inner surface thereof. Thus, the
diametrically elongated flange 47 on the upper end on the sleeve 46
can be moved upwardly within the cylinder 51 by rotating the
cannula relative to the rod 13A until the sleeve 46 firmly and
snugly engages the nozzle 38A.
In the alternate structure illustrated in FIG. 7, the cylinder 53
has coaxial adjacent grooves 54 in its internal surface. The flange
56 on the sleeve 46B, which is also diametrically elongated in one
direction, simply snaps along said grooves as it is inserted into
the cylinder until the sleeve 46B snugly engages the nozzle
38B.
It will be seen that the capacity of the syringe assembly 10 can be
varied as desired over a wide range by merely using a barrel 11 and
cooperating piston 12 of various diameters. All other components of
the syringe may remain the same. Also, for small variations, such
as several cubic centimeters, of capacity, a slightly longer or
shorter barrel 11 can be furnished without any other changes in the
syringe. Both the diameter and length of the barrel can be changed
for maximum variations.
Although a particular preferred embodiment of the invention has
been disclosed in detail for illustrative purposes, it will be
recognized that variations or modifications of the disclosed
apparatus, including the rearrangement of parts, lie within the
scope of the present invention.
* * * * *