U.S. patent number 3,841,223 [Application Number 05/309,444] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-15 for tracks along which ground-effect machines in particular travel.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Societe De L' "Aerotrain". Invention is credited to Jean Henri Bertin.
United States Patent |
3,841,223 |
Bertin |
October 15, 1974 |
TRACKS ALONG WHICH GROUND-EFFECT MACHINES IN PARTICULAR TRAVEL
Abstract
In a guided ground-effect transportation system, the vehicles
are supported by a track of a particular construction, including a
supporting portion having a substantially horizontal flat surface
fast with bracket members which are fixed to a web consisting of
tubular members connected end to end.
Inventors: |
Bertin; Jean Henri
(Neuilly-sur-Seine, FR) |
Assignee: |
Societe De L' "Aerotrain"
(Puteaux, FR)
|
Family
ID: |
9086719 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/309,444 |
Filed: |
November 24, 1972 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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|
|
|
|
Dec 1, 1971 [FR] |
|
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71.43047 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
104/23.2;
104/124; 238/10R; 104/120; 104/134 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E01B
25/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E01B
25/00 (20060101); E01B 25/10 (20060101); B61b
013/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;238/1R
;104/23FS,89,91,106,107,109,118,120,123,124,125,126,134,138,139,140 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wood, Jr.; M. Henson
Assistant Examiner: Keen; D. W.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Breiner; A. W.
Claims
I claim:
1. A track structure designed for bearing and guiding movable
bodies by means of an elevated bearing track surface fast with at
least one guiding upright and borne by a web assembly which is
formed of a continuous succession of generally cylindrical tubular
elements and which is supported on spaced pylons above the ground,
wherein the improvement comprises:
a multiplicity of generally planar solid strutting bracket members
interposed between said bearing track surface and said web assembly
and spaced along the span thereof, said bracket members being of
generally triangular shape and having a substantially rectilinear
flared end adjacent said bearing track surface and extending
crosswise thereof and a substantially circular tapered end adjacent
said web assembly and encompassing the same; and
support means for said web assembly on said pylons, spaced from
said bracket members and comprising a baseplate fitted on top of
each pylon, and a strut section fast with both said baseplate and
said web assembly.
2. A track structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said strut
sections comprise pegs threaded through openings formed on said
tubular elements.
3. A track structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein said pegs
extend diametrically across said tubular elements.
4. A track structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein said pegs
comprise a tubular body portion and two reinforcing hoops fitted
into said openings.
5. A track structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said bracket
members and said support means are positioned at and project from
diametrically opposite portions of said web assembly.
Description
It is well-known that in a guided ground-effect transportation
system, all direct contact between the vehicle and the surface
along which it travels is eliminated since the vehicle is supported
by fluid cushions which distribute its weight over the surface with
light loading values per unit area. This makes it possible to build
a track which is not called upon to withstand high punctual loads,
thereby enabling the track infrastructure to be lightened.
The present invention relates to the construction of tracks along
which moving bodies, and more particularly though not exclusively
ground-effect machines, travel.
A supporting and/or guiding track according to this invention
includes a supporting portion consisting of a substantially
horizontal flat surface fast with bracket members which are fixed
to a web consisting of tubular elements connected end to end to
form a continuous tubular member.
Already known are tracks for ground-effect machines, consisting for
example of preferably prestressed prefabricated beams supported on
uniformly spaced bases or poles. This type of track is usually
somewhat heavy and involves manufacture in immediate proximity to
the construction site.
Likewise known are tracks for ground-effect machines, consisting at
least partly of tubular beams with which said machines cooperate
directly. For instance, the tubular beams may be suspended from
poles and the machines hooked onto the beams.
The subject system of this ineention makes it possible to take
advantage of the lightness, low cost and mechanical strength of
tubular elements for devising a track to allow ground-effect
machines to travel therealong.
The tubular elements, which are preferably commercially available
tubes such as those used in pipeline construction, can be joined
end to end by means of sleeves with which they are made fast by any
convenient method well-known per se, such as by welding.
Upon these elements are disposed appropriately spaced bracket
members perpendicular to the direction of the track. These brackets
are substantially triangular in shape and have one apex fixed to
the supporting tubular elements or bases.
The flat track surface (hereinafter called `deck`) is fixed to the
brackets either directly or through the medium of stringers.
The track structure may be supported on poles or bases positioned
at regular intervals.
Differences in ground level can be attenuated or even compensated
for by varying the heights of the poles and/or the brackets.
A prime advantage of such a track is its good rigidity in both the
bending and the torsional modes. Now such combined loads (bending
and twisting) occur frequently, especially in curves (even when the
machine is travelling above the axis of the tubular elements) and
in the case of a dual track in which the centre of gravity of the
machine is shifted transversely with respect to the axis of the
tubular elements. Because of this good rigidity it is possible to
construct the track with light elements. Such light elements can
therefore be prefabricated and carried to the construction site
without difficulty by reason of their lightness.
The description which follows with reference to the accompanying
non-limitative exemplary drawings will give a clear understanding
of how the invention can be carried into practice.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a track according to the
invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of
the invention;
FIGS. 4 to 6 are diagrammatic showings of different possible
methods of fixing the brackets to the tubular elements;
FIG. 7 and 8 show two possible methods of joining the tubular
elements by means of an internal and an external sleeve,
respectively;
FIG. 9 schematically illustrates the arrangement of the tubular
elements in a curving portion of the track; and
FIG. 10 is a front elevation view of a track according to the
invention associated to a ground-effect machine utilizing layers of
fluid at sub-atmospheric pressure.
The track according to this invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2
comprises tubular elements 1 of substantially circular section,
such as, and preferably by reason of their lower cost, the tube
lengths available commercially for building pipelines.
Mounted on tubular elements 1 are suitably spaced substantially
triangular brackets 2 having one of their apices fixed to said
elements 1.
The brackets 2, which in effect form frames, are devised in any
convenient way, such as by means of sections, or bent plates
(possibly ribbed or reinforced with sectional members), or else
preferably by means of two plates bounded by frames and spacer
members.
The brackets 2 may have a truncated apex and be made fast thereby
to the tubular elements along a directrix thereof by any convenient
method, such as by welding (see also FIGS. 4 and 5).
The brackets 2 may alternatively be formed with an opening 3
therein, whereby tubular element 1 passes therethrough and is fixed
along a directrix to the edge of the opening in the bracket (see
FIG. 6).
Restrained on the brackets 2 are stringers 4 consisting of
U-sections or I-sections upon which the track deck 5 rests. Deck 5
may consist of a waterproof covering of any convenient but
preferably light and flexible material such as steel plates,
plastic material or film, wood, etc..
Alternatively, the stringers may be dispensed with and the deck 5
mounted directly on brackets 2.
As shown in FIG. 3, stringers 4a (I-sections) are fixed to the
upper undersurface of brackets 2. Cross-members are fixed to the
stringers in such manner that their upper surfaces lie level with
the upper surface of brackets 2. Thus the deck 5 rests directly on
the brackets and the cross-members.
The tubular elements 1 may be joined together by any convenient
means, such as through the agency of a sleeve which engages into
(FIG. 7), or over (FIG. 8) the tubular elements. Internal sleeves
71 may consist of a tubular-element section from which a
longitudinal strip is cut out, after which the edges are welded
together at 8 to the required diameter (less than that of tubular
elemtns 1). If an external sleeve 72 is used, it will suffice to
select a tube the diameter of which is naturally larger than that
of tubular elements 1.
A sleeve 71, 72 is fixed to one of the tubular elements 1a, for
instance by means of welds made through openings 10, and to the end
9 of the tubular element 1a (FIG. 7) or of the sleeve 72 (FIG. 8).
Sleeve 71, 72 is free to move longitudinally with respect to the
other tubular element 1b to permit expansion of elements 1a, 1b.
Preferably, element 1b and sleeve 71, 72 are mutually fast in
torsion, such loads being absorbed by protrusions 11 provided on
sleeve 71, 72 and cooperating with grooves or ports 12 formed at
the end of the second tubular element 1b. The joints between
consecutive decks 5a, 5b are effected by means of leakproof
fish-plate 13 which is fast with deck 5a but unrestrained to deck
5b in order to absorb expansion.
Curves in the track (or variations in its slope) are obtained by
means of a plurality of short tubular elements 1 angularly offset
with respect to one another and associated to angled sleeves (FIG.
9). In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the elements are
welded to one another directly, pairs of consecutive tubular
elements 1 being sectioned to suit their mutual angular offset and
allow them to be butt-welded together.
The track may be supported on single or multiple-legged poles 14
anchored to the ground and possibly provided with adjustment means
(not shown) such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,464,365, and
expansion joints 15 made of neoprene for example (FIG. 3).
These poles converge upwardly towards the track and are united on a
bed 16 consisting of two separate baseplates separated by a gasket
17 made of an elastic material such as neoprene.
FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate alternative ways of fixing the poles to
the tubular elements.
In one embodiment (FIG. 2), the upper baseplate is fast with a tube
18 of smaller diameter than that of the tubular elements and having
reinforcements 19a and 19b. This tube engages into openings formed
in the tubular elements 1 whereby the reinforcements lie at right
angles to the material of the elements. The reinforcements may be
welded for example to the edge of the opening in the tubular
element.
In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the upper baseplate is
fast with a frame 21 secured directly to the tubular element, being
possibly welded thereto.
A further important advantage of a track according to this
invention is that it possesses a plurality of adjustment
stages.
In addition to the adjustment at the base of the pole, referred to
precedingly, differences in ground level can be offset on the one
hand by means of different pole lengths and on the other through
the agency of the means for securing brackets 2 to tubular elements
1. As shown in FIG. 4, the brackets may be provided with different
openings therein, whereby to allow adjusting the height of the
brackets (solid and dash lines) on the tubular elements and thus
provide a further adjustment stage to compensate for differences in
ground level.
As shown in FIG. 5, sideway inclinations are obtained likewise by
means of the brackets, by tilting them or by appropriately
configuring their edge facing the deck.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, such tracks may include one or more
guidance extensions 22 lying either along the axis of the tubular
elements (FIG. 3) or offset transversely in relation thereto (FIG.
2).
FIG. 3 likewise portrays a ground-effect machine 24 cooperating for
lift and guidance purposes with the track through the medium of
pressure-fluid cushions 25. The track shown in FIG. 3 includes
protective parapets 23.
Reference to FIG. 10 shows a ground-effect machine 26 cooperating
with a track according to this invention through the medium of
layers 27 of fluid at sub-atmospheric pressure. In this instance
the deck 5 is positioned beneath tubular element 1 and the layers
27 of fluid at sub-atmospheric pressure cooperate thereiwth.
It goes without saying that changes and substitutions may be made
in the embodiments hereinbefore described without departing from
the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
* * * * *