U.S. patent number 3,839,869 [Application Number 04/824,930] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-08 for boom as a barrier for oil slicks and the like on the surface of water.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Metropolitan Petroleum Petrochemicals Co., Inc.. Invention is credited to Leon G. Green.
United States Patent |
3,839,869 |
Green |
October 8, 1974 |
BOOM AS A BARRIER FOR OIL SLICKS AND THE LIKE ON THE SURFACE OF
WATER
Abstract
The boom comprises a number of non-pneumatic floats arranged in
spaced alignment and a flexible web wrapped completely around the
floats and bridging the spaces therebetween. The side sections of
the web beyond the floats are secured together face to face and
weights are attached to the web near the marginal edge of these
side sections to form a downwardly extending weighted ballasting
fin. The fin forms a hinge connection near the floats to permit the
fin to swing about the hinge axis without transmitting its
movements to the floats.
Inventors: |
Green; Leon G. (North Caldwell,
NJ) |
Assignee: |
Metropolitan Petroleum
Petrochemicals Co., Inc. (New York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
25242678 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/824,930 |
Filed: |
May 15, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
405/70;
405/72 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02B
15/0821 (20130101); E02B 15/08 (20130101); E02B
15/0885 (20130101); E02B 15/0814 (20130101); E02B
15/085 (20130101); Y02A 20/204 (20180101) |
Current International
Class: |
E02B
15/04 (20060101); E02b 015/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;61/1,5 ;114/.5F,43.5
;4/172-172.19,172.21 ;160/231 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
77,350 |
|
Jan 1962 |
|
FR |
|
1,529,754 |
|
May 1968 |
|
FR |
|
804,640 |
|
Nov 1958 |
|
GB |
|
196,278 |
|
May 1965 |
|
SW |
|
Primary Examiner: Caun; Peter M.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Pennie & Edmonds
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A water-floatable boom for oil or other pollutants
comprising:
a. a plurality of floats disposed in longitudinal spaced
alignment;
b. a flexible web wrapped around said floats and bridging the
spaces between said floats,
1. said web being doubled over said floats and having side sections
beneath said floats secured together, face to face, to form a
flexible curtain depending from said floats;
c. weighting means supported on said curtain near its lower
marginal edge whereby the curtain so weighted serves as a
ballasting fin for the floats; and
d. a longitudinally extending region disposed immediately below
said floats and across the spaces between the floats, said region
having a form-sustaining rigidity greater than that of said
flexible web to define a hinge axis immediately therebeneath and to
effectively isolate movement of said flexible curtain, as caused by
action of undersurface water movements, from being transmitted to
said floats and the other portions of the boom disposed above said
hinge axis.
2. A boom as described in claim 1 wherein:
a. said floats are non-pneumatic and comprised of buoyant
material.
3. A boom as described in claim 2 wherein:
a. said buoyant material consists of beads of foamed plastic.
4. A boom as described in claim 2 wherein:
a. the side sections of the web are secured together immediately
beneath said floats to snugly enclose them, with the secured
portions of the side sections extending longitudinally of the
floats and across the spaces between the floats to define said
longitudinally extending region.
5. A boom as described in claim 4 wherein:
a. said web is made essentially of thermoplastic material and heat
sealed together to define said longitudinally extending region.
6. A boom as described in claim 4 wherein:
a. said web is collapsed in the transverse bridging areas between
floats by bringing the opposed sections of the web in said areas
close together, to permit the boom to bend transversely about said
collapsed regions.
7. A boom as described in claim 6 further including:
a. transversely extending regions disposed in the spaces between
said floats and extending across substantially the full height of
the boom, said regions having a form-sustaining rigidity greater
than that of said flexible web to stiffen the web between said
floats against bending and folding longitudinally of the boom
except along said hinge axis.
8. A boom as described in claim 7 wherein:
a. said web is made essentially of thermoplastic material and heat
sealed together to define both the longitudinally and transversely
extending regions.
9. A boom as described in claim 8 wherein:
a. said web material includes a fabric made of woven yarn embedded
in a sheet of thermoplastic material.
10. A boom as described in claim 8 wherein:
a. said web has its side sections near its lower marginal edge
secured together by two parallel heat seals extending
longitudinally of the boom and defining pockets; and
b. said weighting means comprises weighting bodies in said
pockets.
11. A boom as described in claim 1 comprising:
a. a plurality of separate boom units, each comprising a plurality
of floats and a web wrapped around said floats and each unit
comprising means for releasably securing said boom units end to
end.
12. A boom as described in claim 11 wherein:
a. said securing means comprises:
1. a bar on each of the units secured to and extending across the
end of the latter unit, and
2. a V-shaped clamp for said bar extending across the adjacent end
of the adjoining boom unit embracing said bar.
13. A boom as described in claim 12 wherein:
a. said bar and clamp have interlockable teeth.
14. A water-floatable boom for oil or other pollutants
a. a plurality of floats disposed in longitudinal spaced alignment,
each of said floats being comprised of an elongated bag of
individual beads of buoyant material;
b. a flexible web wrapped around said floats and bridging the
spaces between said floats,
1. said web being doubled over said floats and having side sections
beneath said floats secured together, face to face, to form a
flexible curtain depending from said floats, said side sections of
the web also being secured together immediately beneath said floats
to snugly enclose them, with the secured portions of the side
sections extending longitudinally of the floats and across the
spaces between the floats as a longitudinally extending region
having a form-sustaining rigidity greater than that of said
flexible web to define a hinge axis immediately below the floats to
effectively isolate movement of said flexible curtain, as caused by
action of undersurface water movements, from being transmitted to
said floats and the other portions of the boom disposed above said
hinge axis,
2. the double over web also being secured together, face to face,
in the transverse bridging areas at locations spaced from the axial
ends of said floats to provide tapered outer surfaces to the boom
between each of the floats and the bridging areas and to permit the
boom to bend transversely about said bridging areas, said secured
web in the bridging areas defining transversely extending regions
extending across substantially the full height of the boom, said
regions having a form-sustaining rigidity greater than that of said
flexible web to stiffen the web between said floats against bending
and folding longitudinally of the boom; and
c. weighting means supported on said curtain near its lower
marginal edge in vertical alignment with each of the floats,
whereby the curtain so weighted serves as a ballasting fin for the
floats.
Description
The present invention relates to a boom designed to serve as a
barrier around or along an area of water to confine any oil-slicks
or any other water surface pollutants against spreading.
Objects of the present invention are to provide a new and improved
boom for the purpose described, which is lightweight and
comparatively inexpensive to manufacture, which is easily
maneuverable, which is constructed materialwise and structurally to
prevent seepage of oil or other pollutants therethrough and to
prevent spreading of fires, which has a floatable part ballasted by
a depending fin flexible in certain selected regions and more rigid
in other selected regions to impart positional stability to the
floating part in use against the action of currents and tidal
movements and to permit the boom to be folded into compact form for
storage, and which is free from pneumatic floatable parts which
might be rendered buoyantly ineffective by puncturing or other
destructive action.
In accordance with certain features of the present invention, the
boom comprises a floating part, and a weighted fin part serving as
a ballast for said floating part. More specifically, the floating
part comprises a series of elongated bags filled with buoyant
material to form floats, and placed in alignment end to end with
spaces between adjacent ends. The series of floats are hooded by a
flexible fireproof web, wrapped completely transversely around the
floats and extending longitudinally across the spaces between the
floats. The opposed side sections of the web extending beyond the
floats are brought together face to face and secured together to
form a curtain depending from the wrapped bags. The two facing
components of the curtain form spaced pockets housing weights, so
that the resulting curtain forms a fin, which serves not only as a
ballast for the floats but also in conjunction with the floats
serves as a barrier to confine pollutants, such as oil slicks on
the surface of the water. The curtain is flexible in the region
just below the floats, so that the curtain is hinged in this region
and can swing about an axis parallel to the longitudinal line of
the floats relative to the floats. Any submerged currents, tidal
movements or waves acting on the curtain causes said curtain to
swing about its hinged region without transmitting its motion to
the float, so that the float is stabilized against pitching due to
the action of such currents or waves.
As a further feature of the present invention, the web forming the
hood and the curtain for the floats is thermoplastic material, and
opposed regions of this web are heatsealed together, not only for
the purpose of conformably shaping the boom around the floats, but
also to define smooth flexible regions, which can be easily folded
and more rigidized regions, which assist in maintaining the form of
the boom and in retaining the floats in spaced position against
endwise displacement relative to the web .
Various other objects, features and advantages of the present
invention are apparent from the following description and from the
accompanying drawings, in which
FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a section of a boom constructed in
accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of one of the filled buoyant bags forming one
of the floats for the boom;
FIG. 3 is a section of the bag taken on line 3-3 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a section of the boom taken on lines 4--4 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is an enlargement of an end section of the boom in the
encircled region of FIG. 1, showing a towing connection
thereto;
FIG. 6 is an enlargement of an intermediate part of the boom in the
encircled region of FIG. 1 where two separable units of the boom
have been interconnected;
FIG. 7 is an enlargement of an intermediate part of one of the boom
units between floats in the encircled region of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 shows an end section of the boom taken on lines 8--8 of FIG.
5;
FIG. 9 is a section of the boom taken on lines 9--9 of FIG. 6;
FIG. 10 is a section of the boom taken on lines 10--10 of FIG. 7;
and
FIG. 11 is a section of the web forming part of the boom taken on
lines 11--11 of FIG. 7.
Referring to the drawings, the boom of the present invention
comprises a series of elongated floats 10 covered by a web 11
holding these floats together and forming a keel-curtain 12
suspended from these floats. Each of the floats 10 comprises a bag
13, which is made of a suitable light plastic material, as for
example, polyethylene about 4 mm thick, and which is closed at one
end 14, as for example, by heat-sealing, and closed at the other
end, after being filled with buoyant material 15, by means of a
knot 16. The buoyant filling 15, in the specific form shown,
comprises beads of foamed polystyrene, as for example, that sold
under the trademark Styrofoam. The beads may be 1/8 inch in
diameter. Each of the floats 10, in a specific embodiment, may be
about 6 feet long and about 6 inches in diameter.
The floats 10 are arranged in spaced alignment end to end, and in a
specific embodiment, may be about 2 feet apart. The floats 10 are
held in this positional relationship by the web 11, conformably
draped over the floats as a hood with side sections 20 beyond the
floats brought together and fastened to form the keel curtain 12
depending from the floats. The web 11 is of flexible,
thermoplastic, water-proof and water-tight material, which is
resistant to petrochemicals or heavy oils, such as bunker C, and
which is extremely tough, and will not rip or tear. A suitable
material for the purpose is flexible fabric, which is sold under
the trademark Herculite; this fabric consists of a sheet of
interwoven nylon yarns covered with polyvinyl chloride, is fire
retardant and self-extinguishing, can be heat-sealed and sections
may be joined, as for example, by electronic welding. The web 11 is
of a color to render it highly visible, as for example, yellow.
The web 11 is wrapped substantially snugly completely around the
floats 11, and where the side sections 20 of the web come together
underneath the floats, these side sections are secured together by
heat-sealing in the region 21, as for example, by electronic
welding. The heat seal 21 may be about 1 inch wide and extends
continuously along the full length of the web 11 spanning the
regions between floats 10. The entire boom may consist of a number
of units 22, each of which has a number of floats 10 and a
one-piece web 11 hooded over these floats. In a specific form, each
unit 22 may comprise 12 floats, so that a unit would be about 98
feet long. A number of these units 22 would be joined by easily
engageable and releasable connections 23, shown in FIGS. 1 and 6,
to permit the assembling of a boom of any desired overall
length.
The heat seal 21 on each boom unit 22 extends continuously along
its full length of the unit and serves not only to close the web
about the floats 10 but also serves to render the region of the
heat seal sufficiently rigid, so that wrinkles and bulges along
said heat seal are eliminated. With this construction, the region
just below the heat seal 21 can serve as a smooth, well-defined
hinge, about which the keel-curtain 12, serving as a fin, can swing
under the action of undersurface currents and tidal movement
without disturbing the position of the floats 10 in the water, as
shown in FIG. 4.
The side sections 20 of the web 11 are secured together near their
longitudinal extremities by two spaced parallel heat seals 24 and
25, which extend along the lengths of the sections parallel to the
heat seal 21 to form pockets 26, and which in the specific form
shown may be 1 inch wide. In each of these pockets 26 directly
below the corresponding float 10 is a weight in the form of a
cylindrical bar 27. These bars 27 may be in solid form, and in the
specific form illustrated, may be made of polyvinyl chloride, and
may be about 1-5/8 inches in diameter. The bars 27 fit tightly in
the pockets 26, so that they are not displaced longitudinally
therein, and weight the keel-curtain 12 downwardly to maintain it
fully extended when the boom is in use. The section of the curtain
12 between the adjacent edges of the heat seals 21 and 24, in the
specific form shown may be about 8 inches wide.
To bring the two facing side sections 20 of the web 11 between the
heat seals 21 and 24 close together, so that they will be
maintained flat and free of wrinkles and bulges when the boom is in
use, these sections are secured together by a heat seal 28
extending substantially midway between the seals 21 and 24, and
parallel thereto.
To confine the floats 10 in proper separated positions in the
enwrapping web 11 and to define smooth foldable sections free from
wrinkles or bulges in the regions 30 (FIGS. 1, 7 and 10) between
the floats, each of these regions is collapsed across the full
height of the boom to bring the opposed sections of the web in each
of these regions in face to face contact, and these opposed
sections are secured together by a heat seal 31, located
substantially midway between adjacent floats 10. The heat seal 31
extends across the full width of the web including the curtain or
fin part 12 of the web, and is flanked by two other heat seals 32,
equally spaced from the heat seal 31 to stiffen the region
adjoining these heat seals against bending or folding
longitudinally of the boom, while rendering the region flexible
enough to fold smoothly transversely of the boom. The boom can
thereby be transversely accordion-folded compactly along these
heat-sealed regions for storage purposes. Two additional heat seals
33 equally spaced from and flanking the group of heat seals 31 and
32, serve to confine the floats 10 somewhat closely in their
respective housings defined by the enwrapping web 11. The seals 31,
32 and 33 in the specific form illustrated may each be about 1 inch
wide. Eyelets 34 in the regions of these seals permit the use of
tow ropes for maneuverability.
The multi-float boom units 22 are connected end to end by means of
connections 23, as shown in FIGS. 1, 6 and 9. Each of these
connections 23 comprises a bar 35 connected to one end of the web
11 of one boom unit 22 and held between the jaws of a U-shaped
clamp 36 connected to the adjoining end of the web 11 of the
adjoining boom unit 22. The bar 35 and clamp 36 in the specific
form shown, are made of thermoplastic material, as for example,
polyvinyl chloride. The bar 35 has a shank 37 clamped between the
opposite sections of the web 11 at one end of one boom unit 22 and
secured thereto by a heat seal 38. The clamp 36 also has a shank 40
clamped between the opposite sections of the web 11 at one end of
the adjoining boom unit 22 and secured thereto by a heat seal 41.
The bar 35 and one of the jaws of the clamp 36 have respective
interlocking teeth 42 and 43, and the bar and the clamp are brought
into interlocking relationship by sliding them relatively endwise
transversely of the boom units. Bolts 44 passing through the
interlocked bar 35 and clamp 36 assure a firm connection between
these members.
Each boom unit 22 has a bar 35 at one end and a clamp 36 at the
other end, and the boom units are duplicates to afford ease in
assembly. Eyelets 45, 46 and 47 at the ends of the webs 11 permit
the boom units 22, while separated, or the assembled boom, to be
maneuvered or towed or otherwise handled through the use of
shackles passing these eyelets and ropes connected to these
shackles.
Heat seals 48 and 50 on opposite sides of each connection 23 assist
in closing the web pockets enclosing the floats 10 near this
connection and assist in rigidizing these connections, without
materially affecting the foldability of the boom in the region of
this connection. These heat seals 48 and 50 may be about 1 inch
wide in a specific embodiment.
At one end of the series of boom units 22, there is provided a tow
plate 51 (FIG. 1, 5 and 8), made of rigid material, such as metal,
secured to the connector bar 35 at this end by bolts 52. A pair of
aligned holes in the bar 35 and tow plate 51 respectively near the
top of the boom receive a shackle 55 with a rope 54 to assist in
towing the assembled boom into proper pollutant blocking
position.
The boom described is rugged, highly visible, easily cleaned, fire
resistant, inert to the destructive action of water or pollutants,
water-tight, highly flexible, non-deflatable in the float regions,
compressible and well-balanced. The boom maintains equilibrium with
its float section on top, while being towed and while in use. The
float section does not pitch angularly due to tidal movements or
undersurface waves.
Moreover, since the boom units are all duplicates, they can be used
as intermediate sections of the assembled boom or by attachment of
the two plates described, can serve as the end sections for the
boom.
* * * * *