U.S. patent number 3,839,638 [Application Number 05/361,930] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-01 for fluorescent marker.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy. Invention is credited to Richard Swart Hughes.
United States Patent |
3,839,638 |
Hughes |
October 1, 1974 |
FLUORESCENT MARKER
Abstract
A means for locating (search and rescue), and enabling
surveillance of, acles, and the identification of reference points,
particularly on water and at night, in which a laser is used to
illuminate available fluorescent chemicals such as those used for
current daylight search and rescue missions.
Inventors: |
Hughes; Richard Swart (China
Lake, CA) |
Assignee: |
The United States of America as
represented by the Secretary of the Navy (Washington,
DC)
|
Family
ID: |
27001486 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/361,930 |
Filed: |
May 21, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
250/302;
250/461.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01S
17/02 (20130101); G01N 21/6447 (20130101); G01N
2021/6439 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G01S
17/02 (20060101); G01S 17/00 (20060101); G01N
21/64 (20060101); G01n 021/38 () |
Field of
Search: |
;250/302,365,372,461,304 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Borchelt; Archie R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sciascia; R. S. Miller; Roy Adams;
R. W.
Claims
1. An automatic search and rescue system for application during
both daylight and dark periods, wherein personnel, such as a downed
aircraft pilot, are located from the air for immediate or
subsequent pickup and rescue, comprising:
a sea dye marker visible to the human eye during day light and
capable of fluorescing when illuminated by an appropriate source,
deployed by said personnel in the area of his position;
a helicopter piloted by a human operator in a search pattern,
wherein at least one person aboard said helicopter can visually
scan the surface of the earth for detection of said marker; and
a gas laser supported by said helicopter and operated to perform a
preselected scan pattern over said surface during said dark
periods, providing a beam having a wavelength shorter than the
fluorescent wavelength of the marker, such that said marker
fluoresces and is detectable during said dark periods when
illuminated by said beam;
wherein said at least one person can visually detect and identify
said marker during both daylight and dark periods such that search
and rescue operations can be extended into and throughout the night
without loss of effectiveness.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 361,929, filed May 21, 1973,
entitled "Automatic Night Search and Rescue System" by the inventor
of the present application.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the field of sea marking wherein a dye is used to aid in the
search and rescue of survivors at sea, no known prior system can
provide satisfactory results at night. Presently, most aircraft and
ships include in their survival equipment dye material to be used
as a sea marker in emergencies. The dye marker is brightly colored
and covers an area much larger than the raft or other platform on
which survivors may be drifting. As a result, the dye marker is
much easier to locate in a search and rescue mission than would be
a raft or other small vessel.
In all sea search missions wherein the objective is to rescue
survivors by locating the sea dye marker, the mission's success
depends on the visual observations of the searchers. Therefore, if
the available light is reduced the dye marker will be less visible
and harder to detect. As a result, such search and rescue missions
are presently ineffectual at night.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a search system that extends the available
search period throughout the night, and utilizes presently used dye
markers. The invention employs a laser for illuminating the dye
marker. When illuminated by the appropriate laser the dye marker
fluoresces, and gives off a light easily visible at night. As a
result, the present invention is the only known effectual means or
approach to search at night when a dye marker is the only locator
used by the survivors.
The present invention provides a means for locating articles on
water and keeping them under surveillance, identifying reference
points at sea, identification of friendly vessels, retrieval of
training devices, and navigation. It is a visual search or
identification system that can be used in daylight or at night, and
extends the available search or surveillance period throughout the
night.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The FIGURE is a diagrammatic view showing the operation of the
preferred embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The FIGURE shows a diagrammatical view of the preferred embodiment
of the present invention. A sea dye marker is placed in the sea.
And, the dye is illuminated by a laser beam. The result is a
fluorescence visible even at night to the human eye. The novelty of
the present invention resides in the use of the presently available
and utilized dye marker in a manner heretofore uncontemplated. That
is, the novelty resides in the use of a laser to illuminate
presently available dyes and, thereby, causing them to fluoresce,
which fluorescence is visible even at night.
As shown in the FIGURE the laser may be carried in an aircraft,
such as a helicopter. The laser beam is operated in a scanning mode
over the surface of the water in an area adjacent the aircraft.
When the scanning operation illuminates the surface of the water
colored by the dye, the dye fluoresces and radiates energy in all
directions. The radiated energy, as previously mentioned, may be
visible to the human eye. Presently available lasers and dye
markers provide a fluorescence that is easily visible, even at
night.
It should be noted that the dye may be placed in the water or in
containers of various shapes and sizes. In either case the
principles used for locating the marker are the same.
With respect to the dye: if a fluorescent dye is placed in an
appropriate host; such as alcohol, water, or plastic, it will
fluoresce when excited by light of an appropriate wavelength. The
fluorescent dye can be hosted in a plastic, e.g.,
polymethylmethacrylate, sticks or sheets. And, if a stick or sheet
is exposed by a rescuee to the intense light of the appropriate
wavelength, it will light up or fluoresce. The exciting or pumping
light must be of a shorter wavelength than the dye's fluorescent
wavelength. The monochromatic light of a laser appropriately chosen
for the dye used is the preferred illuminator of the present
invention.
The sea dye marker presently used in all U.S. Navy life vests and
rafts will also fluoresce brilliantly when illuminated by light of
the appropriate wavelength. The fluorescent material contained in
the packet or canister sea dye marker containers used by the U.S.
Navy is fluorescein sodium salt (FSS). This organic compound has a
very high fluorescence quantum efficiency and is, itself, at
excellent organic dye laser material. The nitrogen (N.sub.2) gas
laser is an appropriate choice for illuminating the FSS compound.
The 337 nanometer output of the N.sub.2 gas laser is absorbed
heavily by the FSS, and a concentrated solution of the dye will
lase, or fluoresce, super-radiantly when pumped by the N.sub.2
laser.
The present invention may be practiced by using any solid, liquid,
or gaseous material that will lase or otherwise fluoresce when
excited by laser light of the appropriate wavelength. The material,
for example, may be any of a numerous variety of compounds. And,
the laser may be chosen from any of those in the group having a
wavelength shorter than the materials fluorescent wavelength.
It is intended that the invention not be restricted to the
particular application disclosed and described herein. The
invention is intended to include all applications wherein a
fluorescable material is illuminated by a laser source to identify
a reference point or friendly vessel, to locate and, if desired,
track vessels or other articles on the water, to provide an
improved means to be used in search and rescue missions, and to
provide a low altitude hovering aid, particularly at night.
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