U.S. patent number 3,838,975 [Application Number 05/361,684] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-01 for thermal incinerator with heat recuperation.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Universal Oil Products Company. Invention is credited to Fernando Tabak.
United States Patent |
3,838,975 |
Tabak |
October 1, 1974 |
THERMAL INCINERATOR WITH HEAT RECUPERATION
Abstract
The present form of direct flame incinerator unit makes use of
heat exchange tubing in two different, end-to-end heat exchange
sections. Large diameter, self-supporting tubes are used to
surround the flame-combustion zone and eliminates the conventional
use of an expensive, interior cylinder positioned within and around
the flame zone so as to separate the incoming gas stream from the
combustion product stream. A multiplicity of small diameter tubes
are used in the downstream part of the unit, with respect to
combustion gas flow, and these tubes connect through a
redistribution section to the larger diameter tubes around the
flame-combustion section, whereby the incoming gas stream passes
entirely countercurrently to the combustion gases and feeds
directly into a plenum section around the burner means.
Inventors: |
Tabak; Fernando (Norwalk,
CT) |
Assignee: |
Universal Oil Products Company
(Des Plaines, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
23423055 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/361,684 |
Filed: |
May 18, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
422/173; 423/210;
110/244; 422/176; 422/182; 431/5 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F01N
3/0205 (20130101); F01N 3/26 (20130101); F28D
7/1669 (20130101); F01N 3/36 (20130101); Y02T
10/20 (20130101); Y02T 10/12 (20130101); F01N
3/38 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F01N
3/26 (20060101); F28D 7/16 (20060101); F28D
7/00 (20060101); F01N 3/02 (20060101); F01N
3/38 (20060101); F01N 3/36 (20060101); F01n
003/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;23/277C,288F ;423/210
;110/8A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Tayman, Jr.; James H.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Hoatson, Jr.; James R. Liggett;
Philip T. Page, II; William H.
Claims
I claim as my invention:
1. A recuperative form of thermal incinerator unit for a waste gas
stream, which comprises in combination,
a. an elongated confined housing with an internal axially
positioned combustion section at one end thereof, and a heat
exchange section at the other end thereof,
b. burner means with fuel inlet means thereto projecting through an
end of said housing and into said combustion section,
c. a plenum section for preheated waste gases encompassing said
burner means and opening into the burner end of said combustion
section,
d. a plurality of spaced apart large diameter heat exchange tubes
positioned longitudinally adjacent the interior wall of saId
housing and around said internal combustion section, with an open
end to each tube discharging into said plenum section at said
burner means while the opposite inlet ends of the tubes connect
with a gas redistribution section hereinafter defined,
e. a multiplicity of small heat exchange tubes positioned within
said housing and extending longitudinally therewith in said heat
exchange section,
f. combustion gas passageway means from said combustion section
provided around said large diameter tubes and around said
multiplicity of small tubes to be in heat exchange relationship
therewith,
g. waste gas stream inlet means to said housing and into one end
portion of each of said multiplicity of small heat exchange tubes,
whereby said waste gas stream flows countercurrently to the
combustion gases,
h. intermediately positioned gas redistribution means connective
with the other end portions of each of said small heat exchange
tubes and also connective with large diameter heat exchange tubes
as heretofore described whereby the resulting preheated waste gas
stream can flow to saId plenum section around the burner means and
into said combustion section,
i. and an incinerated gas stream outlet form said housing
downstream from said combustion section and from said combustion
gas passageway means.
2. The thermal incinerator unit of claim 1 further characterized in
that said intermediately positioned gas redistribution means
comprises a confined plenum-type section with one wall portion
serving as a tube sheet for said multiplicity of small heat
exchange tubes and an opposing spaced spart wall section serving as
a tube sheet for the plurality of large diameter tubes extending
around saId combustion section.
3. The thermal incinerator unit of claim 2 still further
characterized in that said gas redistribution section has bracket
means extending therefrom to engage support brackets attached to
the interior wall of said housing at positions opposing said
redistribution section.
4. The thermal incinerator unit of claim 1 further characterized in
that movable plate means are positioned to encompass said burner
means to vary the size of the opening into the burner end of said
combustion section from said plenum section.
Description
The present invention relates to a simplified and improved form of
thermal incinerator unit for treating a contaminated gaseous
stream. More particularly, the improved design utilizes heat
exchange tubing of two sizes, with relatively large diameter,
self-supporting tubes encompassing the combustion zone to
accommodate the incoming gas stream prior to its discharge to the
burner zone and to the flame-combustion section.
It is recognized that most known forms of thermal incinerators
provide for heat recuperation in that the incoming contaminated gas
stream is passed through one or more passageways to have a heat
exchange relationship with the flame and/or hot gases from the
combustion zone; however, most designs and constructions have
incorporated an internal cylindrical wall or partition, that is
spaced inwardly from the outer housing wall. Such partitions are
necessarily large and since they are in high temperature zones they
must be of a heat resistant alloy material so as to be expensive
from both the metal and fabrication aspects.
The present simplified and improved form of incinerator is similar
to my earlier design, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,549,333,
as well as related to the Hardison et al construction in U.S. Pat.
No. 3,484,189, to the extent that the preheated incoming waste gas
stream is channeled circumferentially around the burner cone and
becomes mixed with the fuel stream to provide for 100 percent
secondary air burning and, preferably, no utilization of primary
air to the burner means and to the combustion zone of the
apparatus. It will, however, be noted that both the aforesaid
patented designs incorporate internal partitioning cylinders to
help define the combustion and heat exchange sections of the units.
Thus, there is the expense of providing these large alloy pieces
and the accompanying problems of taking care of the support and
expansion of such large sized cylinders in high temperature
zones.
It may also be pointed out that from a practical aspect it is
desirable to have observation means into the combustion section of
an incinerator and that with units having a large internal cylinder
around the combustion zone it is difficult to have satisfactory
observation ports to fully observe the flame conditions. On the
other hand, with spaced large diameter tubes around the central
combustion section, it is readily possible to have one or more
observation ports through the housing wall at positions providing a
sight line between tubes.
In addition to being able to use observation ports, various further
advantages and design features will be set forth hereinafter;
however, it may be considered a principal object of the present
invention to provide at least a two-stage heat exchange arrangement
and to utilize tubular members in a way to eliminate the need of
any cylindrical form of inner partitioning around the main
combustion zone of the unit.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide an
incinerator design which can utilize commercially available tubing
in both the combustion and heat exchange sections and that effects
the connection of the tubing, through a redistribution section, in
an end-to-end relationship such that the tubing can expand as one
piece within the interior of the housing.
In a broad aspect, the present invention provides a recuperative
form of thermal incinerator unit for a waste gas stream, which
comprises in combination, (a) an elongated confined housing with an
internal axially positioned combustion section at one end thereof,
and a heat exchange section at the other end thereof, (b) burner
means with fuel inlet means thereto projecting through an end of
said housing and into said combustion section, (c) a plenum section
for preheated waste gases encompassing said burner means and
opening into the burner end of said combustion section, (d) a
plurality of spaced apart large diameter heat exchange tubes
positioned longitudinally adjacent the interior wall of said
housing and around said internal combustion section, with an open
end to each tube discharging into said plenum section at said
burner means while the opposite inlet ends of the tubes connect
with a gas redistribution section hereinafter defined, (e) a
multiplicity of small heat exchange tubes positioned within said
housing and extending longitudinally therewith in said heat
exchange section, (f) combustion gas passageway means from said
combustion section provided around said large diameter tubes and
around saId multiplicity of small tubes to be in heat exchange
relationship therewith, (g) waste gas stream inlet means to said
housing and into one end portion of each of said multiplicity of
small heat exchange tubes, whereby said waste gas stream flows
countercurrently to the combustion gases, (h) intermediately
positioned gas redistribution means connective with the other end
portions of each of said small heat exchange tubes and also
connective with said large diameter heat exchange tubes as
heretofore described whereby the resulting preheated waste gas
stream can flow to said plenum section around the burner means and
into said combustion section, (i) and an incinerated gas stream
outlet from said housing downstream from said combustion section
and from said combustion gas passageway means.
The tube sizes and spacings within the combustion and the heat
exchange sections of the unit may vary in accordance with the
quantity of waste gas stream, its temperature, velocity, etc., and
it is, of course, not intended to limit the invention to the use of
any predetermined number of tubes within any one section. However,
the larger diameter tubes positioned around the periphery of the
combustion section are preferably unsupported in an intermediate
portion thereof and thereby necessarily have a relatively large
diameter to be self-supporting for the length of a conventional
combustion zone. In connection with the smaller diameter tubes in
the heat exchange section, there may be intermediate tube support
means to accommodate the spanning of tubes throughout the length
thereof, as well as various types of baffling for the hot gas
flow.
Various gas redistribution means may also be utilized for effecting
the connection of the smaller diameter tubes with the larger
diameter tubes in order to transfer the partially preheated waste
gas stream from the initial heat exchange zone(s) into the larger
diameter tubes around the combustion zone and thence on into the
plenum section surrounding the burner means; however, in a
simplified form of construction, there will be an intermediate
plenum type section or chamber. In other words, this intermediate
gas redistribution section may comprise a small chamber with one
wall section which serves as a tube sheet for the plurality of
small diameter tubes transferring the incoming gas stream through
the heat exchange section and an opposing wall section which serves
to connect with the spaced larger diameter tube members passing
around the combustion section of the unit. As will be pointed out
more specifically hereinafter, this intermediate redistribution
section may also serve as an intermediate support for the tube
members, with such section being either fixedly or slideably
supported from the inside wall of the housing whereby the tubular
members can, in effect expand from one end of the housing to the
other as one entire section.
Reference to the accompanying drawing and the following
descriptions thereof will serve to point out specific aspects of
design which can obtain both simplification and improvement with
respect to a recuperative form of thermal incinerator.
FIG. 1 of the drawing is a longitudinal sectional elevational view
showing one embodiment of the present recuperative form of direct
flame incinerator where there is the use of two sizes of tubular
members in an end-to-end relationship to accommodate the incoming
gas stream.
FIG. 2 of the drawing illustrates in a partial sectional
elevational view a modified arrangement with respect to the gas
inlet and the gas outlet means from one end of the housing.
FIG. 3 of the drawing shows, in a partial sectional view, a means
for adjusting the size of an air passageway means around the burner
cone at the burner end of the unit, as indicated by the line 3--3
in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view illustrating a means for
slideably supporting an intermediate gas redistribution section
within the interior of the housing, as indicated by the line 4--4
in FIG. 1.
Referring now particularly to FIG. 1 of the drawing, there is
indicated an outer shell or housing 1 which has a contaminated gas
stream inlet at 2 and a treated gas stream outlet at 3, both being
at one end of the housing while a burner means 4 with fuel inlet
means 5 is indicated as being provided at the opposing end of the
housing. In accordance with the present simplified design, the
contaminated gas stream enters inlet 2 and distribution zone 6,
which is defined by tube sheet 7 and conical end portion 8, such
that there is gas flow into the multiplicity of small diameter
tubes 9 to carry on into a redistribution section 10 within a
central portion of housing 1. The redistribution section 10 is
defined by a vertical tube sheet 11, a conical portion 12 and a
vertical plate 13. The latter defines the downstream end of a
combustion zone 14 and will generally be insulated by suitable high
temperature insulation means 15 such that flame and hot combustion
gases which may impinge thereon will be diverted around the
redistribution section 10.
Also in accordance with the present invention, a plurality of
larger diameter tube members 16 will be spaced around the periphery
of the combustion section 14, spanning between the sloping tube
sheet 12 and a vertical tube sheet 17 which is spaced from end
portion 18 of housing 1 to define a gas plenum section 19. Thus,
the contaminated incoming gas stream will pass longitudinally
through housing 1 from one end to the other by way of tubes 9,
redistribution section 10 and tubes 16 into the gas plenum section
19 to then flow into and around the perforated cone member 20 and
thence into combustion section 14. It should also be noted that
tube support plate 17 is provided with a central opening 21
entirely around the conical member 20 such that there is space for
the flow of a major portion of the contaminated gas stream entirely
around the latter to be able to mix with the hot combustion gases
and flame being emitted from the end of said member 20. Although
not shown in the drawing, suitable ignition means may be provided
to effect the initiation of flame from the fuel gas stream entering
by way of line 5. After ignition the fuel will be adjusted in
accordance with the amount of combustible materials in the waste
gas stream entering the unit such that there is sustained flame and
combustion during all periods of operation. The combustion gases
from section 14, as shown by the arrows in the drawing, will be
diverted over and around the plurality of tube 16 so as to flow
through passageway means 22 extending around redistribution section
10 and then reach heat exchange zone 23 accommodating the
multiplicity of smaller tubes 9. Various types of baffled flow may
be provided for the hot combustion gas stream entering the heat
exchange zone 23 and it is not intended to limit the present
invention to any one type of tortuous flow path for the combustion
gas stream passing through the heat exchange section to the outlet
means 3.
In the specific arrangement shown, there is an intermediate tube
support plate 24 with a central passageway means 25 which will
channel the combustion gas stream from passageway 22 into the
central portion of the heat exchange section 23 and thence into a
downstream section which will then channel the gases into outlet
3.
Inasmuch as the small diameter tubes 9 are, in effect, connected to
the interior ends of tubular members 16 through the redistribution
section 10, it is to be noted that the resulting combination of
tubes will thus tend to expand as one long unit. Also, as a result,
expansion may be accommodated from one end portion of the
interconnected tube arrangement or it may be from a central portion
at the redistribution section 10, with expansion going each
direction therefrom. By way of example, in one arrangement, the
tube bundles may expand from a fixed point at the tube support
sheet 7, through the support means for redistribution section 10,
and on through support means 26 in the tube sheet 17 at the burner
end of the unit. Although not shown in detail, the tube support
means 26 for each of the tubes 16 passing through sheet 17 can have
adequate sizing to permit slideability for each of the tubes 16 and
permit accommodation of expansion movements for the entire
combination of tubes. Also, as specifically shown in FIG. 4 of the
drawing, there may be a bracket member 27 connective with each side
portion of redistribution section 10 which will in turn rest on
suitable shelf-support means 28 attached to an inside wall portion
of housing 1, with slideability being permitted between brackets 27
and brackets 28.
Referring now to FIG. 2 of the drawing, there is indicated a
modified flow arrangement through the heat exchange section 23 for
the thermal incinerator unit and an accompanying modification with
respect to the gas inlet and gas outlet means. In other words, gas
inlet means 2' is shown at the side of the housing 1 to discharge
into an inlet distributing zone 6' which in turn feeds the incoming
gas stream into the plurality of tubular members 9, while the gas
outlet 3' is indicated extending axially through the end of the
housing 1 from heat exchange zone 23 rather than from a side
portion thereof. Still other variations may be made in connection
with the design and arrangement of gas inlet and gas outlet means
for the present form of incinerator unit.
In FIG. 3 of the drawing, there is illustrated an adjustment means
for effecting a change in the size of the opening 21 which extends
circumferentially around the burner cone member 20 and into the
interior of the combustion zone 14. For example, merely by way of
illustration, slideable members 29 and 30 may be slideably attached
to the tube sheet 17 by bolt means 31 whereby there may be manual
adjustment to effect the size of opening 21. When the opening 21 is
closed down, there will be a greater amount of gas stream forced
through the plurality of openings in perforate member 20 while,
conversely, when the opening 21 is enlarged there may be a greater
gas flow around cone member 20 and a lesser amount into the
interior thereof.
Other types of burner means may, of course, be utilized in
combination with thermal incinerator units; however, as noted
hereinbefore, it is preferable that the burner means utilize 100%
secondary air for sustaining combustion and thereby eliminating the
use of any primary air to mix with the fuel at 5, all of which can
tend to lower the temperature of the flame and combustion gases
being emitted from the burner means into combustion zone 14. It
will, of course, be noted that the present arrangement and design
provides for the customary three elements of combustion,
comprising, time, temperature and turbulence. A sustained time
element is provided by incorporating an elongated combustion
section 14 along with high temperature and turbulence which
continues through the tortuous path for the combustion gas stream
as it moves on downstream around the gas redistribution section 10
into the heat exchange section and thence to the gas outlet means,
all countercurrent to the incoming gas flow which is carrying
through the successive flow paths provided by the small diameter
tubes 9 and the larger diameter tubes 16.
An internal insulating layer 32 is indicated as being provided
through the entire length of housing 1 as well as over end sheet 18
in order that there is a low wall temperature for the housing and a
minimization of expansion. Where desired, there may, of course, be
external insulation on the housing 1 to preclude loss of heat from
the entire unit. It may again be reiterated that through the
elimination of an internal, spaced cylindrical baffle member to
define an internal combustion section, as well as the utilization
of internal insulation for housing 1, there is a substantial
elimination of alloy metal in the overall construction of the
incinerator unit and an accompanying lowering of cost
therefore.
Although not shown in the drawing, it is to be realized that in
accordance with general commercial practice, there may be fresh air
inlet means to the fume stream inlet flow path and/or a hot
combustion gas by-pass means to the stack provided in combination
with the present form of incinerator such that there may be
temperature control on the system to preclude excessive temperature
into the combustion zone or to the heat exchange zone. Typically,
there are temperature sensing means connected into the system along
with by-pass control means such that the heat content of the fumes
coming into the incinerator unit will stay below 25 percent of its
"lower explosive limit" (LEL) and a regulated high temperature
obtained in the combustion zone itself.
* * * * *