U.S. patent number 3,838,719 [Application Number 05/241,033] was granted by the patent office on 1974-10-01 for sample collector.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Instrumentation Specialties Company. Invention is credited to Louis Franklin Lederer.
United States Patent |
3,838,719 |
Lederer |
October 1, 1974 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
SAMPLE COLLECTOR
Abstract
To separate each of a plurality of samples of a fluid from a
body of the fluid and deposit each sample into a different one of a
plurality of bottles, the downwardly extending outlet of a funnel,
being offset from a vertical axis of rotation of the funnel, orbits
step-by-step in a circle around the vertical axis above a
distributing plate as the funnel rotates to guide fluid into each
of a plurality of separated inlets in the distributing plate as the
fluid is pumped from the body of the fluid through intake and
funnel hoses and into the large, circular upwardly extending inlet
of the funnel, with the outlet of the funnel hose being positioned
at a fixed location lying along an imaginary circle the downward
projection of which lies within the inlet of the funnel. To guide
the samples from the funnel outlet into separate bottles, the
distributing plate includes a circle of inlets beneath the orbit of
the funnel outlet to receive the samples and two concentric circles
of outlets, with each outlet: (1) communicating with a different
inlet through a passageway, which passageway extends in a different
direction from the inlet than the two adjacent passageways, so that
the the inlets are all in one central circle between the two
circles of outlets; and (2) being positioned over the open end of a
different bottle, with the bottles forming two circles of
circumferentially spaced bottles.
Inventors: |
Lederer; Louis Franklin
(Lincoln, NB) |
Assignee: |
Instrumentation Specialties
Company (Lincoln, NB)
|
Family
ID: |
22908972 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/241,033 |
Filed: |
April 4, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
141/284; D24/227;
422/523 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01N
1/10 (20130101); B67C 3/22 (20130101); G01N
2001/1427 (20130101); G01N 2001/1081 (20130101); G01N
1/12 (20130101); G01N 1/18 (20130101); G01N
33/18 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G01N
1/10 (20060101); B67C 3/22 (20060101); B67C
3/02 (20060101); G01N 1/12 (20060101); G01N
1/14 (20060101); G01N 1/18 (20060101); G01N
33/18 (20060101); B67c 003/34 () |
Field of
Search: |
;23/253,259 ;73/421B
;141/13,130,235,236,248,250,278,284,286,340,387,388
;222/70,144.5,168,168.5,330 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Bell, Jr.; Houston S.
Assistant Examiner: Schmidt; Frederick R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Carney; Vincent L.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A fluid control system for guiding the fluid from a body of
fluid through a sample collector into a plurality of containers,
comprising:
channel-inlet means having internal wall portions defining a
plurality of channel inlets;
channel-outlet means having internal wall portions defining a
plurality of channel outlets;
channel means for guiding fluid applied to at least one of said
channel inlets to at least one of said channel outlets;
certain of said channel outlets being adapted to be positioned
directly over a different one of said containers, whereby fluid
applied to one of said channel-inlets is guided into one of said
containers without passing through any curved lengths of tubes;
sample-collector inlet means having internal walls defining at
least one sample-collector inlet;
pump outlet means having internal walls defining, at least one pump
outlet;
pump means for pumping fluid between said sample-collector inlet
and said pump outlet;
fluid-guide outlet means having internal walls defining at least
one fluid-guide outlet;
rotatable fluid-guide means for receiving fluid from said pump
outlet and guiding said fluid to different ones said channel
inlets;
said pump outlet means being stationary and communicating with said
fluid-guide means;
said rotatable fluid-guide means including fluid-guide inlet means
for communicating with said stationary pump outlet while said
movable fluid-guide means rotates, whereby said pump outlet assumes
different positions with respect to said rotatable fluid-guide
means while remaining in communication with the interior
thereof;
said rotatable fluid-guide means having a vertical axis of
rotation;
said rotatable fluid-guide means including drive means for rotating
said rotatable fluid-guide means about said vertical axis of
rotation;
said fluid-guide inlet means having internal walls defining a
fluid-guide inlet;
said channel means including a distributor plate;
said distributor plate including a plurality of recesses and
perforations;
said recesses defining said channel-inlet means and said
perforations defining said channel-outlet means.
2. A fluid control system according to claim 1 in which:
said rotatable fluid-guide means includes a funnel means having a
funnel inlet and a funnel outlet;
said funnel means includes a tubular rim defining said funnel
inlet;
said tubular rim being lower and larger than said pump outlet;
and
said pump outlet being positioned so that its vertical projection
downward lies within said rim, whereby said rim may rotate without
said vertical projection falling outside of said rim.
3. A fluid control system according to claim 2 in which:
said funnel outlet is lower than said rim; and
said funnel outlet is offset from said vertical axis of rotation,
whereby said funnel outlet orbits about said vertical axis of
rotation to assume different positions above different ones of said
channel inlets.
4. A fluid control system according to claim 3 in which:
the pump outlet is located a substantial radial distance from said
vertical axis of rotation; and
said fluid control system further includes timing means for
periodically energizing said pump means and said funnel drive
means;
said timing means includes adjustable interval-timer means for
adjusting the start of the first time interval at which said pump
means and funnel drive means are energized.
5. A fluid control system according to claim 4 in which:
said sample-collector-inlet means includes a first section of hose
adapted to receive said fluid drawn from said body of fluid;
said pump outlet includes a second section of hose; and
said second section of hose has one end positioned above said
funnel inlet.
6. A fluid control system according to claim 3 in which:
said channel-inlet means are in a line; and
said channel-outlet means are offset from said line, whereby said
containers are offset from said line.
7. A fluid control system according to claim 6 in which said
channel-outlet means are offset into at least a second and a third
line of channel-outlet means, whereby said containers may be
staggered.
8. A fluid control system according to claim 7 in which:
said first-mentioned line forms a circle, whereby said funnel
outlet passes over each distributor recess when said funnel means
rotates one complete revolution; and
said second and third lines are circles with said second line being
on the opposite side of said first-mentioned line as said third
line, whereby said containers may be arranged into two side-by-side
circles of containers.
9. A fluid control system according to claim 7 in which the said
pump outlet is located a substantial radial distance from the said
vertical axis of rotation.
10. A fluid control system for guiding the fluid from a body of
fluid through a sample collector into a plurality of containers,
comprising:
a distributor plate having internal walls defining a plurality of
distributor inlets, a plurality of distributor outlets and a
plurality of distributor passageways;
said distributor inlets opening upwardly from said distributor
plate;
said distributor outlets being perforations through said
distributor plate;
each of certain ones of said distributor passageways being channels
opening upwardly from said distributor plate and connecting a
different one of said distributor inlets to a different one of said
distributor outlets, whereby fluid entering one of said distributor
inlets is guided by said distributor passageway to one of said
distributor outlets;
each of said distributor outlets being adapted to be positioned
over a different one of said containers, whereby fluid applied to
one of said distributor inlets from the top of said distributor
plate is guided to one of said containers beneath said distributor
plate;
each of said distributor inlets being in one line;
sample-collector-inlet means having internal walls defining at
least one sample collector inlet;
pump outlet means having internal walls defining at least one pump
outlet;
pump means for pumping fluid between said sample-collector-inlet
and said pump outlet;
fluid-guide inlet means having internal walls defining a
fluid-guide inlet;
fluid-guide outlet means having internal walls defining at least
one fluid-guide outlet; and
movable fluid-guide for receiving fluid from said pump outlet and
guiding said fluid to different ones of said distributor inlets,
whereby said fluid is guided to different ones of said
containers;
said distributor outlets being offset from said line of distributor
inlets into at least second and third lines, whereby said
containers are staggered into two lines of containers;
said second line being on the opposite side of said first-mentioned
line from said third line, whereby said containers may be arranged
into side-by-side lines of containers; and
said first-mentioned line being a circle, whereby said fluid-guide
outlet may apply fluid to said distributor inlets by moving in a
circle.
11. A fluid control system for guiding fluid from a body of fluid
through a sample collector into a plurality of containers,
comprising:
sample collector inlet means having internal walls defining at
least one sample collector inlet;
sample collector outlet means having internal walls defining a
plurality of sample collector outlets;
each of said sample collector outlets being adapted to be
positioned over a different container;
flow means for guiding fluid applied to said sample collector inlet
to at least one of said sample collector outlets at a time, whereby
a plurality of said containers may have fluid applied to them
through different ones of said sample collector outlets at
different times;
said flow means including movable means for assuming different
positions each of which guides said fluid from said sample
collector inlet to a different one of said sample collector
outlets;
control means for moving said movable means from one position to
another upon receiving an internal signal, whereby different ones
of said containers are filled;
said control means including switch means for providing an interval
signal to said control means upon being actuated and a d.c. clock
means for periodically actuating said switch means;
said d.c. clock means including a d.c. clock having first and
second sides, an hour hand on said first side and a central shaft
extending through said d.c. clock from said first side to said
second side;
means for driving said hour hand from said central shaft;
said switch means being attached to said central shaft near the
second side of said d.c. clock, whereby said switch means is
actuated by the rotation of said central shaft.
12. A fluid control system according to claim 11, in which:
said switch means includes a reed switch and a magnet;
one of said reed switch and said magnet being mounted to said
central shaft for rotation therewith in a plane parallel to said
second side; and
the other of said reed switch and said magnet being mounted such
that said magnet actuates said reed switch during one portion and
reactuates said reed switch during another portion of the
revolution of said central shaft.
13. A fluid control system for guiding the fluid from a body of
fluid from a sample collector into a plurality of removable
containers, comprising:
sample-collector-inlet means having internal walls defining at
least one sample-collector-inlet and at least one discharge
opening;
pump means for causing fluid to flow between said
sample-collector-inlet and said discharge opening;
fluid-guide outlet means having internal walls defining at least
one fluid-guide outlet;
fluid-guide means having internal walls with a substantially
tubular rim defining a fluid-guide inlet, for guiding fluid between
said fluid-guide inlet and said fluid-guide outlet means;
said tubular rim being larger than said discharge opening;
said discharge opening being positioned so that its vertical
projection downward lies within said rim;
said discharge opening being stationary and communicating with said
fluid-guide inlet, whereby fluid is guided from the stationary
discharge opening into said fluid-guide means without passing
through any curved, movable tubes;
said fluid-guide outlet means including internal walls
communicating with the interior of said fluid-guide means;
said containers being arranged side-by-side in at least one closed
path;
said closed path having a center;
an ice compartment within said closed path; and
drive means for moving said internal walls of said fluid-guide
outlet means in a circular path about said center to bring the
interior of said fluid-guide means into communication with the
interior of said containers through a plurality of different open
paths without confining tubes, whereby said fluid flows from said
fluid-guide outlet means into said containers without passing
through any long, curved tubes.
14. A fluid control system in accordance with claim 13 in which
said internal walls of said fluid-guide means slope inwardly and
downwardly between said fluid-guide inlet and said fluid-guide
outlet means, whereby said fluid flows along said walls between
said fluid-guide inlet and said fluid-guide outlet means under the
influence of gravity.
15. A fluid control system in accordance with claim 13 further
including a tightly sealed compartment; at least a portion of said
drive means being in said tightly sealed compartment.
16. A fluid control system in accordance with claim 13 further
including a tightly sealed compartment; at least a portion of said
pump means being in said tightly sealed compartment.
17. A fluid control system in accordance with claim 13 further
including volume control means for controlling the volume of fluid
pumped by said pump means.
18. A fluid control system according to claim 17 in which said
volume control means includes a volume measuring means for
measuring the volume of fluid pumped by said pump means
independently from the speed of the pump means.
19. A fluid control system according to claim 18 in which said
measuring means is in a location separated from said fluid.
20. A fluid control system in accordance with claim 13 further
including:
timing means for periodically energizing said pump and said drive
means;
said timing means including adjustable interval-timing means for
adjusting the start of the first timed interval at which said pump
and drive means are energized.
21. A fluid control system in accordance with claim 20 further
including a tightly sealed compartment; at least a portion of said
timing means being in said tightly sealed compartment.
22. A fluid control system according to claim 20 in which said
timing means includes means for resetting said timing means.
23. A fluid control system according to claim 20 in which said
timing means includes means for shutting off the power to said
timing means when the last bottle is filled.
24. A fluid control system according to claim 13 in which:
said pump means includes means for pumping fluid under pressure and
a plurality of tubes for guiding fluid from said body of fluid into
and through at least a portion of said fluid control system;
all of said tubes being directly connected to said pressure,
whereby fluid is guided within said fluid control system without
passing through any tubes not under pressure.
25. A fluid control system according to claim 13 further including
means for stopping said drive means when said internal walls of
said fluid-guide outlet means are positioned with the interior of
said fluid-guide outlet means in communication with the interior of
one of said containers.
Description
This invention relates to sample collectors and more particularly
to apparatuses for removing fluid from a body of fluid and
depositing portions of the fluid in different containers.
In one class of sample collectors, each of several different
samples of fluid is pumped in succession through an intake hose and
a funnel hose and deposited in a different container through a
different passageway, with the pump reversing between samples to
clear the sections of the hose of fluid, thereby avoiding
cross-contamination.
In one type of prior art sample collector of this class, the outlet
of the funnel section of hose is mechanically moved over the inlets
to the passageways to deposit a different sample of the fluid into
each bottle through the passageway communicating with that bottle.
The inlets to the passageways are circumferentially spaced openings
in an annular support and the passageways are hoses, each of which
communicates at one end with a different one of the
circumferentially spaced openings and at the other end with the
interior of a different one of the bottles.
The prior art sample collectors of this type have several
disadvantages, such as: (1) the hoses frequently become clogged
with solid material from the body of fluid because the intake and
funnel hoses are excessively long and, under some circumstances,
include bent portions in the funnel hose which are formed as the
funnel hose is positioned over certain of the inlets to the
passageways; (2) it is difficult to clear the hose of fluid from
one sample before drawing another sample because of its length and
curved sections; (3) the passageways become clogged because they
are long, curved and there is no pump pressure to clear the
passageways; and (4) the funnel hose becomes worn after a
relatively short period of use because of the frequent flexing of
the hose in positioning it over the inlets to the passageways.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a novel
sample collector.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a fluid guiding
system for a sample collector, which fluid guiding system is
resistant to clogging.
It is a still further object of the invention to provide a sample
collector in which the funnel hose is relatively short and
relatively straight.
It is a still further object of the invention to provide a sample
collector in which it is relatively easy to clear the sections of
hose after a sample has been taken.
It is a still further object of the invention to provide a sample
collector in which the path through which fluids are guided may be
changed from leading to one container to leading to a different
container without flexing any hose or moving any container.
It is a still further object of the invention to provide a fluid
guiding section for a sample collector that is reliable and
inexpensive.
In accordance with the above and further objects of the invention,
a sample collector includes an intake hose, a pump, a rotatable
funnel, a distributing plate and a compartment for a plurality of
bottles.
To distribute the fluid from the distributing section of hose into
different ones of the plurality of bottles, the funnel has a large,
upwardly opening circular inlet and a small downwardly extending
outlet that is offset from the vertical axis of rotation of the
funnel so that it orbits about the vertical axis of rotation. The
outlet of the funnel hose is always positioned above the rotating
circular inlet of the funnel so that the pump forces samples of the
fluid from the body of the fluid through the intake and funnel
hoses and into the inlet of the funnel, with the outlet of the
funnel orbiting about the vertical axis in step-by-step fashion to
guide the fluid through the distributing plate into each of the
plurality of different bottles below the distributing plate.
To enable samples to be deposited into two circles of bottles, the
distributing plate includes: (1) a plurality of inlets positioned
in a circle beneath the path of the orbiting outlet of the funnel
to receive the fluid from the funnel; (2) a plurality of
passageways, each having one end communicating with and a portion
extending downwardly and in a generally radial direction from a
different one of the plurality of inlets, with alternate
passageways extending in different radial directions toward or from
the vertical axis of the funnel; and (3) a plurality of outlets,
each communicating with the other end of a different one of the
plurality of passageways to form two circles of outlets concentric
with each other and with the circle of inlets and located on both
radial sides of the circle of inlets. The bottles have their open
ends positioned under the outlets.
The sample collector of this invention has several advantages, such
as: (1) it is resistant to clogging because the sections of hose
are short, stationary and coupled directly to the pump so the
pressure of the pump forces foreign material from the hose; (2) it
is easier to clear of fluid after a sample is taken because the
sections of hose are short; (3) it is simple and inexpensive
because a molded plastic distributor plate enables multiple
concentric circles of bottles to be filled without having to move
the outlet of a hose in radial and circular directions; and (4) it
is durable because the sections of hoses are not bent or
flexed.
The above-noted and further features of the invention will be
better understood from the following detailed description when
considered with reference to the accompanying drawings in
which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a sample collector including an
embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the sample collector
shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an elevational view, partly broken away and sectioned, of
the sample collector shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a simplified elevational view of an interval timer that
is a portion of the sample collector of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a control section that is a part of
the sample collector of FIG. 1.
GENERAL STRUCTURE AND OPERATION
In FIG. 1 there is shown, in a perspective view, a liquid sample
collector 10, having a generally cylindrical base 12, a generally
cylindrical cover 14 fitted to the base 12 and a tubular intake
hose 16 extending through and depending downwardly from an opening
18 in the upper portion of the base 12. The base 12 includes a
sample bottle tub 20, a control section 22 conformably fitting over
the sample bottle tub 20 and receiving the cover 14, and a liquid
routing section 24, conformably fitting between the sample bottle
tub 20 and the control section 22, with the control section 22
having three cable-harness attaching eyelets 26 mounted thereon two
of which are shown at 26A and 26B adapted to receive the hooks of a
removable cable harness 28 by which the sample collector 10 may be
lowered through a manhole.
The base 12 and cover 14 are of tough, chemical resistant plastic
with external parts that fit tightly together and are latchable in
place so that the entire sample collector 10 is able to withstand
corrosive environments and even accidental submersion in a liquid
for short periods of time.
To latch the cover 14 to the control section 22, three upper
plastic latches 30, two of which are shown at 30A and 30B are
flexibly mounted at one end to the control section 22 at three
circumferentially spaced locations and each adapted to engage with
a corresponding one of three upper latch abutments 32, two of which
are shown a circumferentially spaced locations 32A and 32B on the
cover 14.
To latch the bottle tub 20, the liquid routing section 24 and the
control section 22 together, three lower stainless steel latches
34, two of which are shown at 34A and 34B, are provided at
circumferentially spaced locations on the bottle tub 20 and adapted
to engage with corresponding ones of the three latching plates 36,
two of which are shown at 36A and 36B, at circumferentially spaced
locations on the control section 22.
The sample collector 10 is used to collect a plurality of samples
of a liquid into a group of different containers across a period of
time from any body of liquid such as from a river, sewerage system,
process vat or the like. Before operation, the containers are
loaded into the bottle tub 20, the bottle tub 20, the liquid
routing section 24, and the control section 22 are latched together
and the cover 14 and control section 22 are latched together.
To operate the sample collector 10, the tubular intake hose 16 is
inserted into the body of liquid that is to be sampled and the
sample collector is started by pressing the start button. In
operation, liquid is drawn through the tubular intake hose 16 at
timed intervals and routed to one of th different containers within
the bottle tub 20 by the liquid routing section 24 in a manner to
be described hereinafter.
FLOW SYSTEM STRUCTURE
In FIG. 2, there is shown, in an exploded perspective view, the
interior of the bottle tub 20 having a hollow cylindrical
separating wall 38 defining in its interior a cylindrical ice
section 40 coaxial with the bottle tub 20 and defining a
cylindrical bottle section 42 between its outer side and the wall
of the bottle tub 20. Within the bottle section 42 are an outer
circle of a first plurality of circumferentially located, open
bottles 44 and an inner circle of a second plurality of
circumferentially located, open bottles 46, with the bottles of the
outer plurality being held in position by a plurality of
circumferentially spaced bottle positioning members 47 attached to
the inner wall of the bottle tub 20.
Above the bottle tub 20 is the fluid distributing section 24, one
part of which is a generally disc-shaped perforated plastic
distributing plate 48 shown in FIG. 2, the remainder of the fluid
distributing section 24 being within the control section 22 where
it is not visible in the view shown in FIG. 2. The distributing
plate 48 includes a solid, flat cylindrical raised central section
50 that covers the ice compartment 40 of the bottle tub 20, a
perforated circular section 52 that overlies the bottle compartment
42 of the bottle tub 20 and a rim 54 that overlies the outer rim of
the bottle tub 20, forming a seal therewith.
To position the distributing plate 48 with respect to the bottle
tub 20, the bottom rim of the distributing plate 48 includes three
circumferentially spaced top aligning sections 56, two of which are
shown in FIG. 2 at 56A and 56B, and along the top rim of the wall
of the bottle tub 20 are three corresponding bottom aligning
sections 58, two of which are shown in FIG. 2 at 58A and 58B, with
the bottom aligning sections 58 being formed integrally with the
base for the three bottom latches 34. The top and bottom aligning
sections 56 and 58 have interfitting portions that cause the
distributing plate 48 to assume a fixed relationship with the
bottle tub 20 so that each location on the distributing plate 48 is
always above a certain location of the bottle tub 20 when the
distributing plate 48 is in place over the bottle tub 20.
To distribute the sampled liquid into the outer and inner plurality
of bottles 44 and 46, the perforated circular section 52 of the
distributing plate 48 includes an outer circle of a first plurality
of distributing recesses or passageways 60 and an inner circle of a
second plurality of distributing recesses 62, with each
distributing recess including an inlet recess joined to an outlet
recess by a passageway, the inlet recesses of all of the
distributing recesses lying in a central circle 64 between an outer
circle 66 of the outlet recesses of the first plurality of
distributing recesses 60 and an inner circle 68 of the outlet
recesses of the second plurality of distributing recesses 62. Each
of the outlet recesses is perforated to permit a liquid to flow
through the distributing plate 48 into a different one of the
bottles in the bottle container 42 of the bottle tub 20, with the
perforations lying in the outer circle 66 of the outlet recesses
being aligned with the openings of the outer plurality of bottles
44 and with the perforations lying in the inner circle 68 of the
outlet recesses being aligned with the openings of the inner
plurality of bottles 46.
The bottles in the outer and inner plurality of bottles 44 and 46
are of such a size with respect to the bottle container 42 that
they fit snugly together in the two rows, with their openings being
radially offset so that a line extending around the bottle
container 42 from one bottle opening to the other zigzags between
the bottles in the outer plurality 44 of bottles and the bottles in
the inner plurality of bottles 46. Each of the bottles in the outer
plurality of bottles 44 is held in place between two positioning
members 47 and each of the bottles in the inner plurality of
bottles 46 is held between two bottles of the outer plurality of
bottles 44 in the bottle container 42 so that the openings of the
bottles are always under the perforations in the outlet recesses of
the first and second plurality of the distributor recesses 60 and
62.
To distribute the liquid into the inlet recesses of the first and
second distributing recesses 60 and 62, the control section 22
includes a peristaltic pump 70 that draws liquid through the intake
hose 16 (FIG. 1) and pumps it into a rotating funnel (not shown in
FIG. 2) which is part of the liquid distributing section 24 that is
within the control section 22. The rotating funnel includes a
rotating downspout that deposits the liquid into the inlet recesses
of the first and second plurality of distributor recesses, being
arranged to rotate above the center circle 64 for this purpose.
The control section 22 also includes the controls and the motor for
rotating the funnel and for starting and stopping the peristaltic
pump 70. These controls are settable for different periods of
operation and different modes of operation as will be explained
more fully hereinafter.
In FIG. 3, there is shown an elevational view, partly broken away
and sectioned to reveal a portion of the control section 22 and the
liquid distributing section 24 and the manner in which they are
arranged to control the flow of fluid from the intake hose 16 to
the bottles in the bottle tub 20.
As best shown in FIG. 3, the liquid distributing section 24
includes a rotatable funnel 72 having a horizontal circular rim 74
forming the top edge of a vertical, frustroconical wall 76 defining
a funnel inlet, which wall is integrally formed with a sloping
funnel bottom portion 78 having a downspout 80 at its lowest point
defining a funnel outlet. The funnel 72 is rotatably mounted within
the control section 22 and attached by a key to drive shaft 81
which is driven by a funnel motor (not shown) within the control
section 22.
While a specific peristaltic pump 70 is shown in FIG. 3, the type
of pump is not critical to the invention, there being many suitable
types of pumps available. The pump 70 includes a section of plastic
tube 82, first pump tube guide 84, a second pump tube guide 86, a
first hose clamp 88, a second hose clamp 90, a central shaft 92, a
first roller 94, a second roller 96, and a pump arm 98.
The central pump tube 82 is curved about the pump shaft 92 so as to
be contacted and pressed by the two rollers 94 and 96 on the
opposite ends of the shaft 98 as the shaft 92 is rotated by a pump
motor (not shown) in either of two directions, a counterclockwise
direction of rotation (as seen in FIG. 3) pumping liquid from the
intake tube 16 into the funnel 72 and a clockwise direction of
rotation pumping liquid in the opposite direction.
To hold the pump tube 82 in place, one end of the pump tube 82 is
held by the first pump tube guide 84 and the other end by the
second pump tube guide 86. The intake hose 16 is connected to the
one end of the pump tube 82 by the first pump tube clamp 88. A
funnel hose 100 is held at one end by the second pump tube clamp 90
and has its other end within the recess of the funnel 72 so as to
guide liquid from the pump 70 into the rotatable funnel 72, with
the downward projection of the funnel hose 100 falling on a circle
within the funnel inlet.
FLOW SYSTEM OPERATION
Before samples are taken, the outer plurality and the inner
plurality of bottles 44 and 46 are loaded into the bottle
compartment 42 of the bottle tub 20, with the outer plurality of
bottles 44 being circumferentially positioned by the bottle
positioning members 47 and with the inner plurality of bottles 46
being circumferentially positioned by the outer plurality of
bottles 44. Ice may be loaded into the ice compartment to cool the
liquid in the bottles when this is desired.
The fluid distributing plate 48 is positioned over the bottle tub
20 with the interfitting parts of the top and bottom aligning
sections 56 and 58 together so as to align the outlets of the
distributing recesses 60 and 62 of the distributing plate 48 with
the openings in the bottles 44 and 46 within the bottle tub 20.
Next, the control section 22 is placed over the distributing plate
48, with the funnel 72 and other parts of the liquid distributing
section 24 that are within the control section 22 being positioned
over the fluid distributing plate.
With the bottle tub 20, the fluid distributing section 24 and the
control section 22 positioned together, the stainless steel latches
34 are engaged with the stainless steel latching plates 36 to hold
the bottle tub 20, the distributing section 24 and the control
section 22 together. To protect the control section, the cover is
placed over the control section and latched with the latches 30 and
32. The intake hose 16 extends through the opening 18 to receive
the liquid.
In operation, the control section 22 starts the peristaltic pump at
fixed time intervals, causing it to run in one direction for a
fixed period of time or until a fixed volume of liquid has been
drawn, reversing it until the intake hose 16 has been cleared of
liquid and them stopping the pump motor. Between periods of pumping
action, the control section moves the funnel 72 into position to
channel the fluid into a selected bottle.
To deposit the fluid into a selected bottle, the peristaltic pump
70 rotates counterclockwise, drawing the fluid into the intake hose
16 and forcing it through the funnel hose 100 into the recess of
the funnel 72. Since the funnel 72 has a circular rim that extends
beyond the funnel hose 100 and reaches almost to the wall of the
control section 22, it may rotate without disturbing the funnel
hose 100 and receive the fluid from the funnel hose while in any
position of rotation.
As the funnel 72 rotates, the downspout 80 is aligned with the
center circle 64. It is stopped by the control section 22 over each
one of the inlet recesses of the distributing recesses 60 and 62 in
which position the fluid pumped into the funnel flows from the
downspout 80 into the inlet recess and then to the outlet recess.
If the distributing recess into which the fluid flows is one of the
first plurality of distributing recesses 60, the fluid flows to the
outer side of the distributing plate 48 and into one of the outer
plurality of bottles 44 aligned with the outlet recess; if the
distributing recess into which the fluid flows is one of the second
plurality of distributing recesses 62, the fluid flows down and
toward the center of the distributing plate 48 and into one of the
inner plurality of bottles 46 aligned with the outlet recess.
STRUCTURE OF THE CONTROL SECTION
The control section 22 in the preferred embodiment is relatively
complicated. However, since the function of the control section is
merely to coordinate the timing of the different operations and the
timing of the sampling it could have been extremely simple. For
example, the peristaltic pump could be started by hand and stopped
by hand when a sample is taken. Moreover, the funnel could be moved
from position to position by hand so that no automatic equipment is
required and substantially no control section is necessary.
In the preferred embodiment described herein, circuitry for
operating the sample collector 10 in one mode is described--an
automatic mode for taking a series of samples of certain volume,
each at predetermined time intervals. However, it can be readily
understood that the circuitry for such an automatic mode is to be
combined with the equipment for operation in simpler modes such as
by hand or in semi-automatic modes wherein the volume of the fluid
deposited in a single bottle is controlled in the manner described
herein but the stepping of the funnel 72 from position to position
is accomplished by hand or by depressing a start button for a
funnel motor that is stopped by a cam operated switch at the next
position or by any other of the many known techniques for
controlling such step-by-step operations. Similarly, while the
preferred embodiment described herein includes an interval timer to
determine the time of each sample, an automatic programmer may be
included that controls the timing of the samples by other means
such as by sensing the flow of a stream of the fluid and actuating
the sample collector to take a sample at certain flow volume
intervals.
Generally, the structure of the control section 22 is conventional,
with the circuitry therefor being located in the tightly sealed
enclosure 101 shown in FIG. 2. One unique feature is an interval
timer 102 shown in FIG. 4 which generates pulses that provide an
initiating signal every half hour for obtaining a sample when the
control section is set for automatic operation.
As best shown in FIG. 4, the interval timer 102 includes a standard
D.C. clock 104 having a front face 106, a rear panel 108, a timer
set knob 110 and a center shaft 112. The front face 106 has
appropriate timing markers on a dial (not shown) with the timer set
knob 110 extending transversely therefrom by which the center shaft
112 and the hands of the clock are adjusted in position. The center
shaft 112 extends in a direction perpendicular to the face 106 and
the rear panel 108, extending therethrough. Suitable d.c. clocks
are obtainable from Kienzle Co. and are identified as Model No.
86/7504. A d.c. operated clock is preferable to an a.c. operated
clock because the entire sample collector should preferably be
operable from a storage battery power supply in order to provide
the advantage of portability.
To provide signals every half hour, a switching mechanism 114 is
attached to the d.c. clock 104, which switching mechanism includes
an elongated permanent magnet 116 and a reed switch 118. The
elongated permanent magnet 116 and the reed switch 118 are both
mounted in positions parallel to the rear panel 108 and to each
other, with the reed switch being fastened to the d.c. clock in a
fixed position and with the elongated permanent magnet 116 being
fastened to the center shaft for rotation therewith, whereby the
elongated permanent magnet 116 is brought into a position alinged
with and adjacent to the reed switch 118 to close the reed switch
twice during each complete revolution of the center shaft. The
closing of the reed switch closes a circuit including a source of
electrical potential to actuate a sampling cycle of the fluid
sampler 10.
In FIG. 5, there is shown a block diagram of the control section 22
having the interval timer 102, a pump motor control 120, the pump
70, a pump drive switch 122, a funnel motor control 124, a funnel
motor 126, and a funnel drive switch 128.
To start, stop, and control the direction of rotation of the
peristaltic pump motor, the pump motor control 120 includes a
switching arrangement having: (1) a first position into which it is
switched by a signal from the interval timer 102 to the forward
drive terminal 130 of the pump motor control 120 and in which
position it applies power to the pump motor in a direction that
causes the pump 70 to draw fluid into the intake hose 16 (FIGS. 1
and 3); (2) a second position into which it is switched by a signal
from the pump drive switch 122 to the reverse drive terminal 132
and in which position it stops the pump motor and applies power to
the pump motor in a direction that causes the pump 70 to force
fluid out of the inlet of the intake hose 16 to clear the hose of
fluid before another sample is taken; and (3) a third position into
which it is switched by a signal from the pump drive switch 122 to
the stop terminal 134 and in which position it stops the pump
motor. This signal is also applied to the on terminal 136 of the
funnel motor control 24 for a purpose to be described
hereinafter.
To generate the signals that are applied to the reverse input
terminal 132, the stop input terminal 134, and the on terminal 136,
the pump drive switch 122 includes a cam-operated
revolution-sensing switch that is controlled by the rotation of the
pump motor, and a stepping switch that counts operations of the
cam-operated switch. The stepping switch produces a contact closure
to provide a signal to the reverse input terminal 132 of the pump
motor control 120 when the pump has rotated a predetermined number
of revolutions in the forward direction to draw a certain volume of
fluid into the intake hose 16 and then produces another contact
closure which provides a signal to the stop input terminal 134 of
the pump motor control 120 and to the on terminal 136 of the funnel
motor control 124 when the pump has rotated a predetermined number
of revolutions in the reverse direction to clear the intake hose
16.
The funnel motor control 124 includes a switching arrangement
having an on position in which it applies power to the funnel motor
126 to rotate the funnel 72 into which position it is switched by a
signal to its on terminal 136 from the pump drive switch 122 and an
off position into which it is switched by a signal applied to its
off input terminal 138 in which position it stops the rotation of
the funnel motor 126 to stop the funnel 72 with an outlet of the
distributing recesses over the opening of a bottle. To generate the
signal that is applied to the off terminal 138 of the funnel motor
control 124, a funnel drive switch 128, which may be a cam-operated
switch, is positioned to be depressed each time the funnel 72 is
rotated the distance between two successive inlets of the
distributing recesses of the distributing plate.
OPERATION OF THE CONTROL SECTION
The sample collector 10 may be operated in any of several modes of
operation. For example, in one mode of operation the funnel 72 is
manually moved to a position over an inlet of one of the plurality
of distributing recesses 60 and 62 and the pump 70 started by hand,
after which the pump is stopped and reversed to clear the intake
hose 16. The pump is stopped by hand and the funnel 72 moved to
another position to take another sample. In another mode of
operation, the sample collector operates semi-automatically. In
this mode the funnel motor 126 is started by depressing a button
and stopped by a cam-operated switch when it is properly positioned
over an inlet recess. The motor is then started by hand, and then
reversed and stopped by cam-operated switches actuated by the pump
motor itself.
In fully automatic operation, the control system for which is shown
in the block diagram in FIG. 5, the interval timer 102 is set for a
starting time at which time the first sample is taken and samples
are taken thereafter at regular intervals starting with the time
set on the interval timer 102 until the prescribed number of
samples has been taken.
To set the time of the first sample on the interval timer 102, the
timer set knob 110 is depressed and set to a position ahead of the
position in which the permanent magnet 116 is aligned with the reed
switch 118. In one embodiment, the reed switch 118 and the
permanent magnet 116 are arranged during assembly to be aligned
with each other on the half hour and hour. In this embodiment, the
timer clock 104 is set to the correct time and the timer switch 114
provides a signal to the pump motor control 120 on the half hour
and hour.
In one embodiment the signal from the interval timer 102 actuates
the pump motor control 120 to start the pump 70 each time that it
is applied to the terminal 130. In another embodiment, the signal
from the interval timer 102 steps a stepping switch (not shown)
within the pump motor control 120 and power is applied to the pump
motor when certain selected contacts of the stepper switch are
made, which contacts are selected to cause the pump to start at
certain intervals that are multiples of half hours.
When the pump motor is started by the signal from the interval
timer 102, it draws fluid through the intake hose 16 into the
funnel 72, which guides it into the inlet of one of the plurality
of distributor recesses 60 and 62. The fluid flows from the inlet
recess to the outlet recess and into one of the sample bottles 44
or 46 in the bottle compartment 42.
As the pump motor rotates, it drives the pump drive switch 122
through reducing gears (not shown), until a camming surface on the
reducing gear train depresses the actuating arm of a switch to
apply a signal to the reverse terminal 132 of the pump motor
control 120. The reducing transmission and the camming surface are
set so that the actuating arm is depressed when a predetermined
amount of fluid has been pumped into the funnel 72.
When this actuating arm is depressed, the pump motor is stopped and
reversed. As the pump motor rotates in the reverse direction, it
drives the pump drive switch 122 until a camming surface again
depresses the actuating arm of a switch, which applies signals to
the stop terminal 134 of the pump motor control 120 and to the on
terminal 136 of the funnel motor control 124 to stop the pump motor
and to actuate the funnel motor control 124.
When the funnel motor control 124 is actuated, the funnel motor 126
is started and rotates the funnel 72. When the downspout of the
funnel 72 reaches the next inlet recess of the plurality of
distributor recesses 60 and 62, a camming surface on the funnel
depresses the actuating arm of a switch in the funnel drive switch
128, which applies a signal to the off terminal 138 of funnel motor
control 124 to stop the funnel motor 126.
Each time the interval timer generates a signal, this process is
repeated until the funnel reaches a reset switch after the last
bottle has been filled at which time the power to the interval
timer is cut off.
From the above description, it can be understood that the sample
collector of this invention has many advantages such as: (1) the
sections of hose are short, connected directly to the pump, and are
relatively straight and stationary during the operation of the
sample collector so that clogging is reduced; (2) the hoses last
longer and are easier to clear of fluid after a sample is drawn
because they are not flexed; (3) one moving part, the funnel,
distributes the samples in a circular direction and a stationary
plastic part, the distributing plate, distributes the fluid
radially through inlets, passageways and outlets that are molded
into it, thus permitting the sample collector to be simple in
construction, inexpensive and durable; and (4) the tolerances
provided by the distributor plate and its ability to be accurately
positioned, eliminates spillage of the fluid.
Although a preferred embodiment of the invention has been described
with some particularity, many variations and modifications in the
preferred embodiment are possible in the light of the above
teachings. Accordingly, it is to be understood that, within the
scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced
otherwise than as specifically described.
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