U.S. patent number 3,838,286 [Application Number 05/416,590] was granted by the patent office on 1974-09-24 for x-ray table with self-storing tomographic coupling bar.
This patent grant is currently assigned to General Electric Comapny. Invention is credited to Ralph K. Chrapkowski, George R. Lang, John F. Prendergast.
United States Patent |
3,838,286 |
Prendergast , et
al. |
September 24, 1974 |
X-RAY TABLE WITH SELF-STORING TOMOGRAPHIC COUPLING BAR
Abstract
An X-ray tube is mounted over an X-ray table on a horizontally
extending shaft means which enables the X-ray tube to be angulated
as it is translated longitudinally of the X-ray table top for
tomographic and angular radiographic procedures. A clamping
mechanism is provided for connecting the coupling bar to the
rotational axis of the X-ray tube so that the bar may be engaged
selectively positively or slidably or may be completely
disconnected. The coupling bar is detachable from the tomographic
fulcrum assembly and when it is completely separated from the tube
rotational mechanism, the coupling bar may be re-engaged with a
stationary pin in a storage position.
Inventors: |
Prendergast; John F. (Franklin,
WI), Chrapkowski; Ralph K. (St. Francis, WI), Lang;
George R. (New Berlin, WI) |
Assignee: |
General Electric Comapny
(Schenectady, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23650557 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/416,590 |
Filed: |
November 16, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
378/26; 378/196;
378/22 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
6/447 (20130101); A61B 6/02 (20130101); A61B
6/025 (20130101); A61B 6/588 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
6/02 (20060101); G01n 023/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;250/439,444,445,445T,446,447,490,523,525 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lindquist; William F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Hohenfeldt; Ralph G. Wiviott;
Fred
Claims
We claim:
1. In diagnostic X-ray apparatus adapted for tomography and angular
radiography and other procedures, said apparatus comprising an
X-ray permeable patient supporting top, a film cassette supporting
carriage movable on one side of the top, an X-ray tube means
supported on the other side of the top for moving relative thereto,
shaft means supporting said tube means for angulation relative to
the top at least in connection with tomography and angular
radiography procedures, the improvement comprising:
a. a movable element for providing a laterally projecting fulcrum
axis,
b. link means attached to said carriage and swingable about said
fulcrum axis,
c. coupling bar means constructed and arranged for selectively
engaging said link means to said X-ray tube shaft means so that
said relative movement of said X-ray tube means will angulate said
X-ray tube means rotationally about its shaft means axis and turn
said link means and coupling bar means about said fulcrum axis,
d. engagement means operative to selectively engage said coupling
bar means with said X-ray tube shaft means in a first manner to
effect a positive non-sliding connection between said tube shaft
means and coupling bar means, and in a second manner to effect a
sliding connection therebetween and said engagement means being
operative in a third manner to effect complete disengagement
between said coupling bar means and shaft means, and
e. means for operating said engagement means.
2. The invention defined in claim 1 including:
a. coupling means at one end of said coupling bar means for
coupling and uncoupling said bar means and link means, and
b. means for holding said coupling bar means in a storage position
when said bar means is disconnected from said link means, said bar
means being stabilized by said engagement means when said
engagement means has been operated to disengage said coupling bar
means completely from said shaft means.
3. The invention defined in claim 1 wherein:
a. said coupling bar means has serrations on a surface thereof and
said engagement means includes an element having serrations,
whereby to enhance the non-sliding connection between said
engagement means and said coupling bar means when said engagement
means is engaged in said first manner.
4. In diagnostic X-ray apparatus adapted for tomography and
radiography and other procedures, said apparatus comprising an
X-ray permeable top for supporting a patient, a film cassette
supporting carriage movable on one side of said top, an X-ray tube
means supported from an arm normally extending laterally over the
table top and movable relative to said top, a stand adjacent said
apparatus from which said arm extends and on which said arm is
mounted for vertical movements, said stand being selectively
rotatable about a vertical axis, shaft means journaled in said arm
and supporting said X-ray tube means for angulation, the
improvement comprising:
a. a movable element for providing a laterally projecting fulcrum
axis,
b. link means attached to said film cassette supporting carriage
and swingable about said fulcrum axis and extending radially from
said axis,
c. crank arm means engaged with said link means and extending
radially opposite of said link means from said fulcrum axis,
d. coupling bar means including means for detachably connecting an
end thereof with said crank arm means,
e. first means connected to said X-ray tube shaft means for
rotation therewith and being constructed and arranged for receiving
said coupling bar means and for engaging said bar means to swing
said bar means about said fulcrum axis under the influence of said
X-ray tube arm being moved,
f. second means engageable with said coupling bar means, and
g. means for selectively operating said second means to alternately
clamp said coupling bar means for non-sliding engagement with said
first means, or unclamp said bar means for sliding engagement with
said first means, or completely disengage said coupling bar means
from said first means.
5. The invention defined in claim 4 including:
a. means mounted to said stand means for holding said coupling bar
means in a storage position when it is simultaneously detached from
said first means and said crank arm means.
6. The invention defined in claim 5 wherein:
a. said coupling bar means is swingable jointly with said stand
means when said stand means is turned about its axis and said
coupling bar is in storage position.
7. The invention defined in claim 4 wherein:
a. said means for detachably connecting said coupling bar means
comprising:
1. an element projecting endwise of said coupling bar,
2. spring biased latch means pivotally mounted on said element,
3. socket means carried by said crank arm means, said socket means
having a slot means for receiving said latch means to restrain said
bar means against rotation,
4. said socket means including a spring member engageable with said
element when inserted therein, and
5. said latch means being manually depressable clear of said slot
means to permit rotation of said coupling bar to thereby disengage
said spring member and permit withdrawal of said coupling bar from
said crank arm means.
8. The invention defined in claim 4 wherein:
a. said first means comprises yoke means,
b. said second means comprises collar means and a second shaft
means supporting said collar means for rotation coaxial with said
X-ray tube shaft means, said collar means embracing said coupling
bar means, and
c. means for shifting said second shaft means to effect said
selective operation of said second means.
9. The invention defined in claim 4 wherein:
a. at least a portion of the length of said coupling bar means is
provided with serration means, and
b. said second means has serration means for engaging said coupling
bar means to enhance said non-sliding engagement when said coupling
bar is clamped.
10. A diagnostic X-ray system including means for performing
tomography, comprising:
a. X-ray permeable patient supporting panel means,
b. carriage means for supporting a film cassette on one side of
said panel means, said carriage means being mounted for movement
relative to said panel means in a parallel plane,
c. an element that is movable in a line substantially perpendicular
to said panel means,
d. link means journaled for swinging on said element about an axis
projecting laterally of said panel,
e. means for coupling said link means to said carriage means,
f. X-ray tube means movable relative to said panel means on the
side opposite of said carriage means,
g. first shaft means normally extending laterally over said panel
and supporting said X-ray tube means for angulation about the axis
of said shaft means;
h. yoke means coupled with said shaft means,
i. tomographic coupling bar means constructed and arranged for
connecting said yoke means to said link means whereby movement of
said x-ray tube means will swing said link means and for being
stored in proximity with said yoke and link means,
j. collar means surrounding said coupling bar means in the vicinity
of said yoke means,
k. second shaft means for supporting said collar means for rotation
and translation, respectively, coaxially with said first shaft
means,
l. means for controlling said second shaft means and collar means
in selected axial positions in the first of which said collar means
urges said coupling bar means into non-sliding engagement with said
yoke means, in the second of which said bar means is in sliding
engagement with said yoke means and the third of which said bar
means is clear of said yoke means,
m. said coupling bar means when disconnected from said link means
being retained in said collar means when said collar means is in
said third position whereby said coupling bar means may be stored
in a plane adajcent the plane in which said coupling bar means
swings when it is connected, and
n. means for holding said coupling bar means jointly with said
collar means when said bar means is in storage.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to diagnostic X-ray tables and,
particularly, to tables that are adapted for performing angular
fluoroscopy, angular radiography and tomography technics. The
invention is concerned primarily with simplifying the matter of
using a tomographic coupling bar and with a convenient way of
storing it in association with the X-ray table.
It is known to equip an X-ray table for performing tomography and
angular radiography by supporting an X-ray table top. For
tomography, the X-ray tube is moved longitudinally over the X-ray
table top usually along a horizontal line while it is
simultaneously angulated to keep the central X-ray confuse from the
tube directed at the center of a film in a cassette under the table
top. The X-ray tube is mounted for rotation on a laterally
extending axis and is coupled to a carriage underneath the table
top which supports the film cassette. When the X-ray tube is moved
longitudinally in one direction over the table top, the fulcrum
axis for the coupling bar is at such level as to shift the film
cassette in the opposite direction. The fulcrum axis is set at a
level such that it extends through the plane of a patient on the
table top which is to be recorded sharply on the film. All planes
above and below the axis plane undergo relative motion and are
blurred on the film so as to not donfuse the detail in the plane of
interest.
For angular radiography, the X-ray tube is shifted from the center
of the table and angulated so that the X-ray beam is directed
through an organ or portion of the patient's anatomy which may be
underneath what would be an otherwise interfering organ if vertical
radiography were used. During angular radiography, the tomographic
coupling bar is connected and the fulcrum axis is positioned at a
level coincident with the plane of the film. The X-ray tube is
swung through an arc and angulated such that the central ray is
always pointed at the center of the film and the focal spot to film
distance remains constant.
In prior art X-ray tables equipped for tomography and angular
radiography, either one of two cases existed. In the first case,
the tomographic coupling bar was semi-permanently attached to the
fulcrum mechanism and the X-ray tube was limited in its positioning
capabilities to those positions normally within the range of
positioning required during tomographic procedures. In the second
case, the tomographic coupling bar between the X-ray tube and the
fulcrum point had to be completely removed from the system to
permit angulating the tube 90.degree. for vertical Bucky stand work
wherein the X-ray beam is parallel to the floor and directed toward
an independent Bucky stand which supports a film cassette
vertically. The coupling bar also had to be removed for rotation of
the X-ray tube stand vertical column such as is required during
lateral radiography across the table top. For vertical radiographic
technics, the coupling bar is disconnected since the X-ray tube
must be free to angulate beyond the range permitted with the
coupling bar engaged. In prior art X-ray tables, changing over from
the tomographic and angular radiography modes to a vertical
radiography mode required the operator to loosen some clamping
screws and separate the tomographic coupling bar from the
apparatus. This was followed by carrying the coupling bar to a
place of storage remote from the X-ray table. If the next patient
to be examined required tomographic procedures, the bar had to be
retrieved and reinstalled and fastened by the operator which
involved considerable effort. Removing and reinstalling the
tomographic coupling bar in some prior art X-ray tables was so
burdensome that some hospitals dedicated an entire X-ray table
exclusively to tomographic procedures in which case the bar could
remain installed at all times. An extra table had to be on hand for
performing vertical radiography. Thus, two tables were often
employed where one would have sufficed but for the inconvenience of
handling the tomographic coupling bar.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a tomographic
X-ray table with means for selectively engaging the coupling bar
with the X-ray tube rotational shaft so that the coupling bar may
selectively slide relative to the axis of tube rotation during
tomography or so it will not slide for angular radiography.
A further and important object of the invention is to provide means
for disconnecting the coupling bar and for storing it on the X-ray
tube support such that the operator is only required to manipulate
one end of the coupling bar to make a quick engagement or
disengagement with the coupling bar fulcrum mechanism while another
end of the coupling bar is in proximity with the X-ray tube
supporting shaft for rapid and automatic re-engagement.
How the foregoing and other more specific objects of the invention
are achieved will appear in the course of the more detailed
description of a preferred embodiment of the invention which will
be set forth hereafter.
In general terms, the invention involves an X-ray table which has a
stand or column adjacent the table body for supporting an X-ray
tube on an arm which extends laterally over the X-ray table top.
The column is mounted on a carriage which permits it to be shifted
longitudinally in either direction from the center of the table
top. A mechanism including a fulcrum axis which is adjustable in
elevation is affiliated with the X-ray table. The tomographic
coupling bar connects between a crank arm rotatable about the
fulcrum axis and the axis of the X-ray tube. The lower end of the
fulcrum mechanism drives a Bucky carriage which supports the film
cassette under the table top in accordance with the longitudinal
positions of the X-ray tube.
The X-ray tube is supported for rotation about a lateral axis on a
shaft mechanism which terminates in a yoke in which the coupling
bar may nest. The coupling bar also passes through a clamping
collar which is on an axially moving shaft. Means are provided to
drive the shaft and clamping member in a direction to force the
coupling bar tightly into the yoke whereupon the bar will rotate
the yoke but not slide in it. The shaft is also movable through a
first short distance to release the coupling bar for sliding. It is
further movable to completely disengage from the yoke so that the
X-ray tube may rotate freely about the laterally extending axis.
When the coupling bar is completely disengaged from the yoke, the
bar still passes through the connecting or clamping assembly which
retains it in a desired vertical position. The operator can then,
after disconnecting the lower end of the coupling bar from the
fulcrum assembly crank, drop the coupling bar onto a pin adjacent
to the X-ray tube supporting column for storage in association with
the X-ray table. When the coupling bar is in storage position, the
column is still free to turn so as to permit lateral
radiography.
A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described in
reference to the drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an X-ray table embodying the new
coupling bar mechanism and storage means;
FIG. 2 is a front elevation view of the X-ray table shown in the
preceding figure;
FIG. 3 is a side elevation view of the table;
FIG. 4 is a view of the tomographic arm fulcrum assembly isolated
from the X-ray table;
FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of the assembly in FIG. 4 with some
parts removed;
FIG. 6 is a section taken on the line 6--6 in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a side elevation view, partly in section of an X-ray tube
supporting cross arm isolated from the table assembly shown in
FIGS. 1-3;
FIG. 8 is a partial horizontal sectional view taken on the line
8--8 in FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a partial plan view of a part of the tomographic coupling
bar mechanism in the X-ray tube supporting arm shown in FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 shows the coupling bar, partially in section, and with a
portion of the bar length broken away;
FIG. 11 is a section of the coupling member taken on the line
11--11 in FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a fulcrum crank arm assembly in respect to which the
lower end of the tomographic coupling bar shown in FIG. 10 may be
selectively engaged for tomography and angular radiography or
disengaged for being placed in storage position.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The general features of a typical X-ray table in which the
invention may be incorporated will now be described in reference to
FIGS. 1-3. The table comprises a body or base which is generally
designated by the reference numeral 10. Mounted on the body is an
X-ray table top assembly 12 which comprises an X-ray permeable
patient supporting top panel 14 which is mounted on a metal
framework composed of members such as 16 joined at their corners.
Top assembly 12 is mounted on body 10 in such manner that the top
may be shifted longitudinally and laterally to a limited extent to
position a patient supported thereon in the X-ray beam projected
from the focal spot of an X-ray tube over the table top through the
patient to an X-ray visualizing or recording medium under the table
top.
The X-ray tube is in a tube casing 18 and is supplied with power by
means of cables 20 and 22 which are visible in FIG. 1. The X-ray
tube casing has a beam collimator 24 fastened to it. The collimator
may be a conventional type which has shutter blades, not shown, for
defining the boundaries of the X-ray beam. In FIGS. 2 and 3 the
longitudinal and lateral position of the X-ray tube focal spot is
marked 26. In these figures, the patient supporting top assembly 12
is centered directly under the focal spot both longitudinally and
laterally.
The X-ray image may be recorded on a film in a casette 28
underneath the table top. The cassette is shown as a dashed line
rectangle in FIGS. 2 and 3. It is supported on Bucky carriage 30
which has rollers such as 32 which run on tracks, not shown, to
enable the Bucky to be translated longitudinally underneath the
table top. For most radiographic technics, the Bucky carriage and
cassette can remain centered with the table top as shown in FIGS. 2
and 3. For tomography, as is known, the Bucky carriage and film
translate beneath the table top in a direction opposite to that in
which the X-ray tube is moved longitudinally on a horizontal line
above the table top.
As can be seen particularly well in FIG. 3, X-ray tube casing 18 is
mounted on a tube supporting arm 34 which engages with a column or
stand 36. Tube arm 34 is vertically adjustable on column 36 and
locking means, not shown, but which may be conventional are
provided for selectively locking tube arm 34 at a fixed elevation
on column 36. When the locks are released, of course, arm 34 is
free for being adjusted to a desired vertical elevation. The arm
and tube casing and affiliated parts have a counter weight system,
not shown, in column 36 so that the arm can be positioned manually
rather than with a power mechanism.
Column 36 is supported on a carriage 38 which is adapted for
traversing longitudinally of the table body on rails such as those
marked 40 and 42. Column 36 joins carriage 38 with a swivel
coupling 44 which permits the column to be rotated about a vertical
axis so that the tube arm 34 will swing and project longitudinally
of the table rather than laterally as it is depicted in FIG. 3.
When the tube arm is longitudinal, the X-ray tube casing may be
rotated 90.degree. so as to project its beam laterally of the table
top for lateral radiography. Lateral radiography involves use of a
cassette, not shown, located along the front of the X-ray table to
record the image formed by projecting the radiation through a
patient lying on the table top. Of pertinence to the present
invention is the presence of a plate 46 near the swivel assembly 44
at the lower end of column 36. This plate carries an upstanding pin
48 which is used to store the tomographic coupling bar which is
generally designated by the numeral 50 in FIG. 3 and whose
structural and functional features will be described in greater
detail hereinafter.
In FIG. 3 it will be evident that Bucky carriage 30 may be urged
longitudinally of the table top by applying an appropriate force to
a driving bar 52. Bar 52 derives its driving force from a fulcrum
mechanism which appears in dashed line in FIG. 3 and is designated
generally by the numeral 54.
FIGS. 4-6 show the fulcrum mechanism in detail. Coupling bar 50 is
shown disconnected in these figures but it will be understood that
it connects to a crank arm 56 having a socket 58 in which there is
a coupling bar engaging arm 60. The details of items 58 and 60 will
be described later. Crank arm 56 is pinned to a shaft 62 which is
journaled in a vertically movable cross head 64. The axis 66 of
shaft 62 projects in a lateral direction relative to the X-ray
table top and constitutes the fulcrum axis of the system. Head 64
is threadingly engaged with a lead screw 68 which is driven by a
motor 70 through a drive train 72. There is also a stationary
smooth guide rod 74 on which head 64 runs. Fulcrum axis 66 may be
positioned at any selected elevation along the lead screw by
operation of reversible motor 70. In the position in which it is
shown in FIG. 4, the fulcrum axis 66 would extend laterally over
the table top 14 and through a horizontal plane in a patient
supported thereon. The fulcrum axis can be variously lowered so it
extends through the film plane in cassette 28 and even low where it
extends through the input surface 76 of an image intensifier 78
which is shown in dashed line in FIG. 2. The X-ray image
intensifier is essentially a fluoroscopic device that converts the
X-ray image into an optical image which is reflected by a mirror 80
to a television camera 82 as evidenced in FIG. 2. The television
camera operates a monitor, not shown, on which the fluoroscope
image may be visualized.
Considering the mechanism in FIGS. 4-6 further, it will be seen
that there is another arm 84 pinned on fulcrum shaft 62 to which
crank arm 56 is pinned. Arm 84 is fastened to a link 86 which is
slidable relative to a cooperating link 88. Links 86 and 88 are
interlocked so they remain in alignment with each other and with
the axis of the coupling bar which connects to crank arm 56. In the
FIG. 6 sectional view, it is evident that link 86 comprises a flat
strip 90 on which a pair of channel members 92 and 94 are affixed.
Link 88 comprises a flat member 96 and a pair of channel members 98
and 100. The channel members on the two links are shaped so that
they retain bearing balls such as 102 and 104 between them for
reducing sliding friction.
As is evident in FIGS. 4 and 5, link 88 has a bearing supporting
member 106 fastened to it. As is evident in FIG. 6, there is a
shaft 108 journaled in bearing member 106 on bearing elements 110.
Shaft 108 has an arm 112 fastened to it by means of a pin 114. Arm
112 constitutes the driving member which engages bar 52 in FIG. 3
for moving the Bucky carriage 30 longitudinally of the X-ray table.
The axis of shaft 108 for arm 112 extends laterally through the
plane of the film cassette and is maintained in that plane at all
times regardless of the angle through which the links 86 and 88 are
swung since the Bucky carriage to which arm 112 is coupled by means
of bar 52 in FIG. 3 is constrained to move only longitudinally of
the X-ray table because the Bucky carriage is on tracks. It will be
evident in FIG. 4 that if the tomographic coupling bar 50 which
connects to pin 60 is rotated clockwise with the fulcrum axis 66
remaining fixed, film plane axis 108 will move horizontally and
links 86 and 88 will slide relative to each other to compensate for
the distance change which occurs between fulcrum axis 66 and axis
108 during swinging of the tomographic coupling bar. The fulcrum
mechanism shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is supported in a housing 114
which is stationary and centrally located with respect to the X-ray
table body. Housing 114 has a slot 116 in its back wall so that
shaft 62 going through cross head 64 can move vertically without
interference.
The mechanism for engaging the X-ray tube support with the fulcrum
mechanism by means of the coupling bar 50 will now be discussed in
reference to FIG. 7. The X-ray tube arm 34 may be seen in FIG. 7 to
comprise a housing 118 which is mounted on a carriage 120 provided
with several sets of rollers such as 122. By means of carriage 120,
tube arm 34 may be moved vertically on tube supporting column 36
with which it is engaged. It will be understood that electrically
operated locks, not shown, are situated in column 36 for locking
carriage 120 in any selected vertical position. The locks may also
be released to permit carriage 120 to move vertically when the
X-ray tube arm 34 is translated longitudinally under some
circumstances.
In FIG. 7, the X-ray tube casing 18 is omitted but will be
understood to be fastened to a plate element 124 which is affixed
to the end of a tubular shaft 126. Thus, means are provided for
allowing the X-ray tube to rotate about a laterally extending axis
passing through its focal spot 26 whereby the tube may be angulated
for angular radiography and tomography correspondingly with
shifting of the tube. The tube is rotated by coupling bar 50 which
swings through an angle about its fulcrum axis 66 when the vertical
column 36 is shifted in either direction from the center of the
X-ray table. During tomography, carriage 120 is locked relative to
column 36 so that when the column shifts, the X-ray tube will stay
in the same horizontal plane. This means that tomographic coupling
bar 50 must slide relative to the X-ray tube axis so as to
compensate for the greater radius between fulcrum axis 66 and the
X-ray tube focal spot when the latter is moved horizontally. For
angular radiography, however, it is desirable to let the X-ray tube
swing through an arc so as to maintain a constant distance from the
X-ray tube to the fulcrum axis 66 and hence to the film plane. To
allow the X-ray tube to swing through an arc for angular
radiography, the vertical carriage 120 is unlocked and the coupling
bar 50 is rigidly attached to tube arm 34 but in a manner that
allows the tube to be rotated about the axis of shaft 126. In other
words, during angular radiography, the tube arm does not slide
relative to tomographic coupling bar 50. The mechanism for
permitting making a sliding connection or a nonsliding connection
between the coupling bar and the X-ray tube and for facilitating
storage of the coupling bar will now be discussed in further detail
with reference to FIGS. 7-9. As depicted in FIGS. 7 and 8, coupling
bar 50 is nested in a yoke 128 which has an integral hub 130 that
is split axially for clamping it to a tubular shaft 132 by means of
a pair of clamping bolts such as 134. It will be evident that when
tube arm 34 is shifted longitudinally while coupling bar 50 is
engaged with yoke 128 the shaft 126 and the X-ray tube supported
thereon at the other end of arm 34 will be caused to angulate.
Yoke 128 has two axially extending arms 136 and 138 in which
coupling bar 50 may nest. Arm 136 is visible in FIG. 9 and is seen
to comprise a pair of side members 140 and 142 which define a gap
for accommodating coupling bar 50. The gap is open on its back or
right side as viewed in FIG. 9 so that coupling bar 50 may be
shifted in and out from between side members 140 and 142 to thereby
disengage the coupling bar from the yoke when desired. The side
members are lined with pads such as 144 which may be nonmetallic
material such as nylon for reducing friction when the coupling bar
is relatively slidable.
FIGS. 7 and 9 show how the coupling bar 50 is engaged between legs
136 and 138 of the yoke by means of a collar assembly which is
generally designated by the numeral 146. The collar has a circular
bore 148 and an end wall in which there is an integral insert 150.
The insert is arcuate in cross section to conform with the radius
of coupling bar 50 and the radially inward surface of the insert
has fine serrations 152. When collar 146 is shifted to the left as
shown in FIG. 7, the serrations engage with complementary
serrations 154 on one-half of the coupling bar 50. These serrations
are quite fine and may have a depth and width of on the order of
1/16 inch. Thus, for one mode of operation collar 146, when shifted
to the far left as shown in FIG. 7, serves a clamping element for
retaining coupling bar 50 against sliding motion and for holding it
securely in the yoke.
In FIG. 7 one may see that there is a small gap 156 between
coupling bar 50 and a nylon or the like pad 158. When it is desired
that the yoke 128 slide relative to coupling bar 50, clamping
collar 146 is shifted sufficiently to the right in FIG. 7 to close
the gap 156 between the periphery of the coupling bar and pad 158
in which case the serrations 152 on the insert separate from the
serrations 154 on the coupling bar so that yoke 128 can slide
relative to the coupling bar. Under these circumstances, coupling
bar 50, of course, remains engaged with yoke 128 so as to turn the
yoke and slide in it when the tube arm 34 is shifted longitudinally
of the X-ray table. When collar 146 is shifted axially through the
first small amount to close gap 156, a gap would be formed between
insert 150 and the periphery of the coupling bar 50. To avoid any
free play and to assure that the bar will be pressed against nylon
pad 160 in the yoke, spring biased plungers such as 162 and 164 are
provided in clamping collar 146 as can be seen in FIG. 9. These
plungers are in socketed screws such as 166 and there is a spring,
not visible, behind each one of the plungers. Thus, when the collar
is backed off by the first slight amount, the plungers will press
the coupling bar 50 into the yoke with a slight force sufficient to
eliminate vibration and free play but insufficient to affect
sliding action between the coupling bar and the yoke and
collar.
Collar 146 may be shifted further to a third axial position where
it drives coupling bar 50 out of engagement with the yoke. As seen
in FIG. 9, the top of housing 118 of arm 34 is provided with a slot
168 to permit the coupling bar 50 to move clear of the yoke. This
disengagement is used when it is desired to store the coupling bar
or deactivate it such as is the case when the apparatus is to be
used for lateral radiography or in the vertical radiography mode at
which time it is necessary to angulate the X-ray tube beyond the
angular range permitted wherein the coupling bar is engaged in the
yoke.
The manner in which coupling bar clamping means 146 is shifted will
now be discussed in reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. Note that collar
146 is supported on a shaft 170 which is internal to tubular shaft
132 to which yoke 128 is clamped. The outer yoke supporting tubular
shaft is journaled in a bushing 172 which is supported in a fixed
collar 174. Yoke shaft 132 is effectively connected to the X-ray
tube supporting shaft 126 at all times. When the coupling bar 50 is
out of yoke 128 the yoke turns with manual turning of the X-ray
tube and the tube may be turned sufficiently so it projects its
beam horizontally or laterally over the table top when the tube arm
is swung in parallelism with the table as mentioned earlier. Thus,
the axially extending arms 136 and 138 of the yoke are spaced apart
sufficiently to permit their rotation around collar 146 without
interference.
Collar 146 does not provide tube rotational force and is only used
to control coupling bar 50 in its first nesting or clamped position
and its second sliding position and third fully released position
relative to the yoke. Hence, shaft 170 supporting the clamping
collar is rotatable within outer yoke shaft 132.
The inner shaft is moved axially of the outer shaft by the
actuation of a pair of levers 176 and 178 which can be seen in
FIGS. 7 and 8. The levers are mounted on a collar assembly 180. The
levers are mounted for pivoting on stationary studs 182 which
project from opposite sides of tuge arm housing 118. As viewed in
FIG. 7, when lever 176 is rotated clockwise through an angle of a
few degrees or less, it will cause solid shaft 170 supporting
collar 146 to move sufficiently to close gap 156 and separate the
serrations on the coupling bar 50 and insert 150 to allow the
coupling bar to slide in the yoke. When lever 176 is rotated
through a larger angle, shaft 170 shifts axially and carries collar
146 with it sufficiently far to drive the coupling bar 50 out of
the yoke 128.
The first small angle rotation is obtained with a solenoid 184
which has an armature pin 186 extending from it. This pin strikes
the head 188 of a screw which is turned in a bracket 190. The
amount of solenoid travel is indicated by the gap 192 between a
plate 194 and the solenoid. When the solenoid is de-engerized, arm
176 returns to the small angle to its original position as shown in
FIG. 7. Arm 176 has a pair of springs 196 which are anchored at 198
and connect by means of a turnbuckle to the right angular leg 202
of the arm. The turnbuckle connection is at 204 and it will be seen
to constitute an over-center spring arrangement such that when arm
176 pivots beyond a certain point, the force direction of the
spring will be below pivot 182 and the arm will turn through a
large clockwise angle, driving collar 146 axially and disengaging
the coupling bar from the yoke.
Arm 176 is turned through the large angle by manually actuating a
lever 206 which appears in hidden lines in FIG. 7 and is outside of
tube arm 34 housing 118. Thus, solenoid 184 moves arms 176 and 178
through the first small angle and the arms are moved through the
larger angle manually by means of operating lever 206. When arm 176
turns through a maximum angle as shown in phantom lines in FIG. 7,
pointed bolt 188 carried thereby engages in a slot 222 in a collar
224 which allows the user to detect the point at which the X-ray
tube is aligned vertically. This provides an alignment of the X-ray
tube by feel only and may be overcome by exerting additional
rotational force on the X-ray tube.
In FIG. 8 it will be evident that when arms 176 and 178 are driven
clockwise by opertion of manual handle 206, a plunger or sliding
bearing 208 will cause clamping collar supporting shaft 170 to be
driven axially to thereby uncouple the coupling bar 50 and yoke
128. This is so because levers 176 and 178 pivot about point 182
such as to drive plunger 208 axially by virtue of the pivot
connection that is co-axial with cap screws 210 and 212 which are
in spacers 214 and 216, respectively. The spacers are mounted on a
sleeve 218 which is stationary and serves as a pivot support for
levers 176 and 178. These levers have a slot 224 on which they
slide to compensate for radius changes around their pivot 182 as
can be seen in FIG. 7. The plunger 208 may slide without
interference by virtue of outer shaft 132 having an axial slot 220
therein which allows tubular shaft 132 to rotate about its axis
through a total angle of over 70.degree.. When shaft 132 is
rotated, of course, it will cause its co-axial extension shaft 132
to rotate and thereby rotate or angulate the X-ray tube. On the
other hand, when the shaft extension 126 is unlocked by means which
are not visible in the forward end of tube arm housing in FIG. 7,
the X-ray tube will be free to rotate, turning the yoke 128 with
it.
Details of the coupling bar 50 are shown in FIG. 10. The lower end
of the coupling bar is provided with an adaptor or coupling element
232. The coupling member is provided with an axial bore 234 which
engages with pointed pin 60 on the crank arm of the fulcrum
mechanism as can be seen in FIG. 3 where the coupling bar 50 is in
active position for use in connection with either tomography or
angular radiography. To park and store the coupling bar 50 as has
been implied earlier, it is driven out of the X-ray tube driving
yoke 128. The bar is then detached from crank arm 58 and deposited
on a storage or parking pin 48 as shown in FIG. 3 where the
coupling bar in storage position is represented by phantom lines.
9
The coupling member 232 at the lower end of the bar cooperates with
a socket 58 which is integral with fulcrum crank arm 56 as can be
seen in FIG. 12.
FIG. 10 shows how the tubular coupling bar 50 may be joined by
welding along a line 234 to coupling adapter 232. The adapter has a
key or latch 236 which is mounted on a pivot 238 for movement in a
radial slot 240. A spring 242 biases latch 236 radially outwardly
and a stop pin 244 limits the travel of the latch.
The cross section of adapter 232 is generally circular but it has a
flat area 246 on one side as can be seen in FIGS. 10 and 11.
Adapter 232 is sized to fit through a hole 248 in socket 58 of FIG.
12 such that latch key 236 aligns with and enters a key slot 250
while pointed pin 60 enters axially bore 234 of adapter 232. Key
slot 250 compels fulcrum bar 50 to be aligned in such a way that
the serrations on the fulcrum bar are engageable by the clamping
member which was discussed above. When adapter 232 is plunged into
socket hole 248, the flat region with its axially overhanging
portion is engaged by a flat spring member 252 so that withdrawal
of adapter 232 is prevented and so that the coupling bar has the
capability of transmitting an axial force as well as a rotational
force to crank arm 56.
To detach coupling bar 50 and its end adapter 232 from socket
member 58, latch 236 is pressed radially inwardly to release it
from key slot 250 and the entire coupling bar is turned about its
own axis to bring a circular portion of the adapter periphery in
contact with flat spring 252. This permits adapter 232 to be
withdrawn or slid over the surface of flat spring 252 for
detachment of the coupling bar from the socketed lever 56. If the
coupling bar is then released from the tube rotational yoke, it can
be swung over and aligned with parking pin 48 and plunged down onto
the parking pin as indicated in FIG. 3. As explained earlier, with
this situation existing, column 36 can nevertheless be rotated,
carrying the coupling bar with it while the latter is in storage
position.
To return the coupling bar to active position, the operator merely
lifts it off of storage pin 48 and deposits it on pin 60 of crank
arm 56. Then by actuating manual lever 206 the coupling bar may be
driven into the tube rotational yoke 128 as it appears in FIG
7.
Although a preferred embodiment of the invention for handling,
activating, deactivating and storing a tomographic coupling bar has
been described in considerable detail, such description is intended
to be illustrative rather than limiting, for the invention may be
variously embodied and is to be limited only by interpretation of
the claims which follow.
* * * * *