U.S. patent number 3,837,166 [Application Number 05/380,617] was granted by the patent office on 1974-09-24 for apparatus for transmitting force by hydraulic pressure.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Koito Industries, Ltd.. Invention is credited to Kingo Hiraoka.
United States Patent |
3,837,166 |
Hiraoka |
September 24, 1974 |
APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING FORCE BY HYDRAULIC PRESSURE
Abstract
A hydraulic pressure transmitter is connected by a flexible tube
to a hydraulic actuator. The transmitter has a flexible bellows,
with a closed outer end, whose interior defines a first chamber,
has a cylinder, and has a piston reciprocable in the cylinder and
defining therewith a second chamber, communicating with the
bellows, and a third chamber communicating with the tube. The
closed outer end of the bellows has a pressure plate thereon which
is engaged by an operating button which can be depressed to
collapse the bellows. A piston rod is secured to the closed bellows
end and extends through a perforated rigid diaphragm into the
second chamber, the inner end of the piston being shaped to
sealingly engage in an aperture in an end wall of the piston. The
piston is biased toward the piston rod by a spring, and has a small
clearance with the cylinder walls for flow of hydraulic fluid
therepast between the second and third chamber parts.
Inventors: |
Hiraoka; Kingo (Tokyo,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Koito Industries, Ltd.
(Kanagawa-ken, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
26865363 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/380,617 |
Filed: |
July 19, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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169771 |
Aug 6, 1971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
60/533;
60/589 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F15B
7/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F15B
7/00 (20060101); F15b 007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;60/533,589 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Geoghegan; Edgar W.
Assistant Examiner: Zupcic; A. M.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: McGlew and Tuttle
Parent Case Text
This is a continuation application Ser. No. 169,771 filed Aug. 6,
1971, now abandoned.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for transmitting force by hydraulic pressure
comprising, in combination, a hydraulic pressure transmitter; a
hydraulic pressure actuator; a flexible tube interconnecting said
transmitter and said actuator; said transmitter including a
flexible bellows having a closed outer end and an open inner end; a
perforated rigid piston rod guiding diaphragm engaging the inner
end of said bellows and defining, with said closed outer end and
the interior of said bellows, a first chamber; means forming a
cylinder having one end connected to said diaphragm; a piston
reciprocable in said cylinder and defining therewith and with said
perforated diaphragm a second chamber in constant substantially
unrestricted communication with said first chamber through the
perforations of said diaphragm; said piston defining, with said
cylinder, a third chamber communicating with said tube; and a
piston rod secured to said closed outer bellows end and extending
through said first chamber and, in guided relation centrally
through said diaphragm, into said second chamber; said piston
having an aperture in an end wall facing said second chamber, and
said piston rod having an inner end engageable in said aperture to
seal the same; whereby, when a pressure is applied to said closed
outer end of said bellows, the inner end of said piston rod
sealingly engages in said aperture to move said piston to force
hydraulic fluid from said third chamber to said hydraulic actuator;
said first and second chambers forming a fluid reservoir whereby,
in the event that, for any reason, said third chamber, said tube
and said hydraulic actuator are not completely filled with
hydraulic fluid, when pressure is applied to said closed outer end
of said bellows, hydraulic fluid initially is forced from said
first chamber into said second chamber to move said piston away
from said piston rod before said piston rod engages in said
aperture, so that hydraulic fluid will flow from said second
chamber through the aperture in the end wall of said piston into
said third chamber to fill said third chamber, said tube and said
actuator, whereupon further movement of said piston away from said
piston rod is blocked and the inner end of said piston rod will
sealingly seat in said aperture in the end wall of said piston to
displace said piston to force hydraulic fuid from said third
chamber through said tube to said hydraulic actuator.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said means forming a
cylinder comprises a main body formed with a cylindrical bore
communicating with said tube and receiving said piston and means
clamping the open inner end of said bellows to said body; said
diaphragm being a circular washer interposed between the open inner
end of said bellows and said body; said washer being formed with a
plurality of apertures therethrough, including a central aperture
forming a guide for said piston rod; said washer providing for flow
of hydraulic fluid between said first and second chambers.
3. Apparatus, as claimed in claim 2, in which said piston has a
clearance in said cylindrical bore to provide for flow of hydraulic
fluid between said second and third chambers.
4. Apparatus, as claimed in claim 1, including a depressable button
engaged with the closed end of said bellows whereby to collapse
said bellows responsive to pressure exerted on said button.
5. Apparatus, as claimed in claim 1, including spring means biasing
said piston to engage the inner end of said piston rod.
6. Apparatus, as claimed in claim 1, in which said means forming a
cylinder comprises a first body member formed with a cylindrical
bore constituting said cylinder; a first coupling member securing
an end of said tube in sealing relation to said first body member
to communicate with said cylindrical bore; said actuator comprising
a second body member formed with a hydraulic fluid chamber; and a
second coupling member securing the opposite end of said tube to
said second body member in sealing relation therewith and in
communication with the hydraulic fluid chamber in said second body
member.
7. Apparatus, as claimed in claim 6, in which the hydraulic fluid
chamber in said second body member comprises an outwardly opening
recess in said second body member; diaphragm means secured to said
second body member and closing said recess; and a plunger engaged
with said diaphragm means for movement therewith to transmit force
to an object to be moved.
8. Apparatus, as claimed in claim 7, including spring means biasing
said plunger to move said diaphragm means toward said chamber to
force hydraulic fluid from said fluid pressure actuator into said
first body member.
9. Apparatus, as claimed in claim 8, including a guide adjustably
secured to said second body member and engaged with the outer end
of said spring; said guide being constructed and arranged for
connection to a part to be operated.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to apparatus for transmitting force by
hydraulic pressure and, more particularly, to a novel, simplified
and improved manually actuable force transmitting apparatus
utilizing hydraulic pressure.
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
There is a demand for mechanism for transmitting force, by
hydraulic pressure, from one point to another and irrespective of
the states between the two separated points. Such a hydraulic
pressure transmitting apparatus is especially useful for remote
control of adjustment means for selecting and fixing the
inclination of seat backs in airplanes and the like.
In accordance with the invention, the force-transmitting apparatus
comprises a pressure-applying component and a force-transmitting
component interconnected by a flexible tube. The structure is
designed in a way such that, by pushing a button of the
pressure-applying component, a plunger of the force-transmitting
component, or hydraulic fluid actuator, is projected by the
hydraulic fluid confined within the pressure-applying component,
the force-transmitting component and the tube. Thus, a force is
transmitted to an object attached to the force-transmitting
component and to which the force is to be applied.
An object of the invention is to provide an improved apparatus for
transmitting force by hydraulic pressure.
Another object of the invention is to provide such an apparatus
which is particularly adapted to the remote control of parts to be
moved.
A further object of the invention is to provide such an apparatus
which is simple in construction, economical to manufacture and
readily adaptable to various applications.
For an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference
is made to the following description of a typical embodiment
thereof as illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of apparatus embodying the
invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view corresponding to FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a plan view, partially broken away and partially in
section, of the pressure-applying component;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line X--X of FIG. 2;
and
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line Y--Y of FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawing, the apparatus is actuated responsive to
pressing of a button 1 which is movably mounted in a button
receiving aperture of a style strip 2. A button engaging pressure
plate 3 is secured to the closed outer end of a bellows 5, whose
open inner end is clamped between a radially extending seat of a
main body 6 and an annular retainer 7. A piston rod 4 is secured to
the closed outer end of bellows 5 and extends through a rigid,
perforated circular piston rod guiding washer or diaphragm 8 seated
in the body member 6 and engaged by the inner end of bellows 5.
A hydraulic fluid or oil chamber is formed by bellows 5 and main
body 6, and is divided into three parts a, b and c by washer 8 and
a piston 9 reciprocable in a part of body 6 forming a cylinder.
Chamber part a is formed by bellows 5 and perforated washer 8,
which has a central aperture through which piston 4 extends in
guided relation and, radially outwardly from this aperture, several
holes or additional apertures for the flow of hydraulic fluid
between chamber parts a and b. Chamber part b is defined by washer
8 and an end wall of piston 9, and chamber part c is defined by the
cylinder of body 6 and the inner end of piston 9. Circular washer 8
acts as a guide for piston rod 4. It will be noted that piston rod
4 extends completely through chamber part a and, through circular
washer 8, into chamber part b. The chambers a and b are in constant
substantially unrestricted communication through the perforations
in the member 8 which guide the piston rod 4.
The inner end of piston rod 4 is conical and is arranged to
sealingly engage in a central aperture in the end wall of piston 9.
Piston 9 is constantly biased by a spring 10, fitted in chamber
part c, toward piston rod 4. Each chamber part a, b and c contains
hydraulic fluid, and chamber part c communicates with the inerior
of a flexible tube 12 which is secured to body part 6 by a coupling
element 11, an O-ring 13 providing a fluid-tight seal at the inner
end of coupling element 11. A similar coupling element 11, with
another O-ring 13, connects tube 12 to the fluid pressure actuator,
and tube 12 is enclosed in a protecting tube 14. The other end of
tube 12 communicates with a bore in the main body 15 of the fluid
pressure actuator. Both ends of protective tube 14 are press-fitted
into the respective couplings 11 to help anchor tube 12 in the tube
coupling elements.
Body 15 of the force-transmitting component or fluid pressure
actuator is formed with a passage, for the flow of hydraulic fluid,
extending from coupling 11 to a compartment d forming a hydraulic
fluid chamber. Compartment d is formed by an annular recess in body
15, and is closed by a double diaphragm 16, 17, with a spring seat
or plunger 18 engaging the outer surface of diaphragm 17. The
diaphragms are clamped in position by a clamping ring 19.
Plunger 18 carries, centrally, a bearing member 24 for pushing
against the member to which force is to be transmitted. A spring 20
has one end seating in an annular groove in the outer face of
plunger 18 and its other end seated in a groove in the inner face
of a guide 21 which is held in position by caulking an outer edge f
of body 15 over a rim on the inner edge of guide 21. An annular
spring 23 is interposed between clamping ring 19 and guide 21, and
guide 21 is provided with setscrews 22 for connection thereto of
the object to which force is to be transmitted. Annular spring 23
permits angular adjustment of guide 21 during its fitting to the
part to which force is to be transmitted.
Style strip 2 has a depending skirt 2a on which are mounted a
washer 25 and a spacing spring 26 which assists in mounting style
strip 2 on the part to which it is to be attached. Skirt 2a is
telescoped into a cup-shaped member 28 which has a central opening
fitting over the body member 6, and cup-shaped member 28 is secured
in position by a snap spring 27 engaged in an annular groove in
body 6. Skirt 2a is prevented from displacement from cup-shaped
member 28 by a spring clip 29 interengaged with parts 2a and 28.
The arrangement is such that style strip 2 is rotatable with
respect to body member 6.
A threaded plug 30 is engaged in the outer end of an axial bore 4a
in piston rod 4, and bore 4a communicates with chamber compartment
a. When the device is to be filled with hydraulic fluid, plug 30 is
removed and, after refiling with hydraulic fluid, is replaced.
The outer end of the passage in body member 5 is sealed by a copper
ball 31, and an airvent hole or bleed port, communicating with
chamber d, is closed by a coppper ball 34 held in place by a
threaded plug 33, the bleed port being opened during filling of the
apparatus with hydraulic fluid to assure a solid hydraulic
connection extending from bellows 5 to chamber d.
In the operation of the apparatus, when button 1 is pushed it moves
inwardly to collapse bellows 5. By virtue of piston rod 4 being
secured to button receiver 3, the piston rod is pushed inwardly so
that the oil in chamber compartment a is forced out into the
chamber compartment b through the passages in washer 8 and through
the guide passage for piston rod 4. Oil under pressure is thus
forced into compartment b simultaneously with the depression of
piston rod 4 which, in turn, forces piston 9 downwardly. Forcing
piston rod 9 downwardly decreases the volume of oil chamber
compartment c, and the hydraulic fluid in compartment c is forced
under pressure into compartment d through tube 12 to force
diaphragm 16, 17 to the right. This projects plunger 18 whose force
is exerted on the object to which the force is to be
transmitted.
On the other hand, while the hydraulic fluid forced out of
compartment c is delivered under pressure to compartment d, at the
same time a portion of the oil will return to compartment b through
the clearance between piston 9 and the cylinder formed in main body
6, so that balance of the hydraulic fluid will be restored. If the
force exerted on button 1 is terminated, spring 20 will force
plunger 18 to the left, this action being assisted by the spring 10
which biases piston 9 upwardly. The hydraulic fluid in compartment
d returns to compartment c through tube 12. In compartment c,
piston 9 is biased upwardly by spring 10, as stated, expanding
compartment c to receive the hydraulic fluid returning from
compartment d. Piston 9 lifts piston rod 4 to restore, to its
initial expanded position, bellows 5 whose upper end is united with
piston rod 4. The volume of compartment b is reduced by the upward
movement of piston 9, so that hydraulic fluid therein is returned
fully to the interior of bellows 5 or, respectively, into the
compartment a through the apertures in washer 8 and the guide
aperture for piston rod 4.
The hydraulic fluid forced out of compartment b is too great a
quantity with respect to the capacity of compartment a, and the
resulting superfluous hydraulic fluid is returned to compartment c,
through the clearance between piston 9 and its associated cylinder
in body 6. The hydraulic fluid in compartment b, when compressed by
piston 9, restores compartment a and bellows 5 to their original
position, and piston 9 is separated from piston rod 4 by the
surplus hydraulic fluid resulting in disengagement of the conical
end of piston rod 4 from the central aperture in piston 9, so that
hydraulic fluid may flow between compartments b and c as well as
through the clearance between piston 9 and the cylinder in body 6.
When the surplus hydraulic fluid has all been returned to oil
chamber compartment c, the conical tip of piston rod 4 is again
engaged in the central aperture in piston 9. As bellows 5 is
expanded, button 1 is returned to its initial position.
From the foregoing description, it will be clear that, in the
pressure-applying part, there are formed three compartments a, b
and c of the hydraulic fluid chamber, and when the upper or outer
end of bellows 5 is depressed, the central aperture in piston 9 is
blocked by the conical tip of piston rod 4, piston 9 acting as a
separation between compartments b and c. This action prevents the
internal pressure in chamber compartments a and b from an abrupt
increase, even with a rapid increase in the internal pressure in
compartment c and, at the same time, enables a slow return of the
bellows. Pressure exerted on the pressure-applying part rapidly
increases the internal pressure of compartment c to prompty
transmit force to the force-transmitting part or hydraulic
actuator. However, inspite of this immediate force transmission,
any abrupt change of the internal pressure of the bellows 5 can be
prevented by adjustment of pressure due to the structure of the
pressure-applying part, thus precluding the possibility of sudden
deformation or breakage, as well as the possibility of leakage of
hydraulic fluid. Consequently, the device has the pronounced
advantage of stability and durability.
While a specific embodiment of the invention has been shown and
described in detail to illustrate the application of the principles
of the invention, it will be understood that the invention may be
embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.
* * * * *