U.S. patent number 3,836,900 [Application Number 05/326,876] was granted by the patent office on 1974-09-17 for recording or alarm devices.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Fleet Electronics Limited. Invention is credited to John William Brian Mansfield.
United States Patent |
3,836,900 |
Mansfield |
September 17, 1974 |
RECORDING OR ALARM DEVICES
Abstract
A mattress for detecting the presence or absence of movement of
a living creature resting upon it embodies resilient resistor
material connected to electrical circuit leads in such manner that
movements of the living creature e.g. breathing, produce output
electrical pulses that are transmitted to a monitoring unit. The
resilient resistor material is arranged in stacks of separate
layers of such material alternated with intervening regions of
resiliently deformable support material so that the movements to be
detected are transmitted to the resilient resistor material without
the latter becoming unduly compressed.
Inventors: |
Mansfield; John William Brian
(Bromley, EN) |
Assignee: |
Fleet Electronics Limited
(London, EN)
|
Family
ID: |
23274106 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/326,876 |
Filed: |
January 26, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
600/534; 338/99;
600/595; 340/666; 5/940 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
5/6892 (20130101); A61B 5/113 (20130101); A61B
5/1126 (20130101); Y10S 5/94 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
5/11 (20060101); A61B 5/113 (20060101); A61b
005/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/279,272,278
;128/25,2.5P,2.08 ;338/114,100,99 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Caldwell; John W.
Assistant Examiner: Partridge; Scott F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Hurvitz; Hyman
Claims
I claim:
1. A mattress for detecting movement or absence of movement, e.g.,
apnoea, in a living being lying thereon, said mattress including
resilient resistor material that is varyingly loaded as said living
being moves whereby changes in its electrical resistance give rise
to varying electrical output signals, said mattress comprising
movement-sensing regions taken along a length of said mattress of
resilient resistor material alternated with support regions of
resiliently-deformable electrically insulating supportive material,
said supportive material having sufficient resilience to allow
movement of said living being to be transmitted to said resilient
resistor material, but having also sufficient firmness to support
said living being.
2. A mattress according to claim 1, wherein said resilient resistor
material is resilient plastic foam incorporating graphite.
3. A mattress according to claim 1, wherein said resilient resistor
material in each of said regions is disposed in contiguous layers
one upon another to form stacks, whereby changes in load
distribution cause changes in the contact resistance between
contiguous ones of said layers in said stacks.
4. A mattress according to claim 3, wherein a lower layer of each
of said stacks and an upper layer of each of said stacks contain
embedded metallic electrodes, and means connecting said electrodes
to external electrical leads.
5. A mattress according to claim 4, including means connecting said
electrodes in said lower layers of alternate ones of said stacks to
one output lead, and means connecting said electrodes in said lower
layer of the intervening ones of said stacks are connected to a
second output lead.
6. A mattress according to claim 5, wherein is provided a single
layer of resilient resistor material overlying all said stacks, a
series of electrodes embedded in said single layer of resilient
resistor material, and means connecting said last named electrodes
in common to a third lead.
Description
This invention relates to a mattress for detecting the presence or
absence of movement of a living creature resting upon it and, more
specifically, to an apnoea detector which gives an alarm in the
event of a baby failing to breath (and thus ceasing to move for a
pre-determined period).
It is an object of the invention to provide such a mattress that
imposes no more than normal restraints on the positioning or
movement of the person resting upon it and is not connected
electrically or mechanically to that person.
According to this invention there is provided a mattress for
detecting movement or absence of movement, e.g., apnoea, in a human
or animal lying thereon, which mattress embodies resilient resistor
material that is varyingly loaded as the human or animal moves
whereby changes in its electrical resistance occur giving rise to
electrical output signal pulses that are monitored in a detector
circuit. The detector circuit may then deliver a warning signal
should the interval between pulses or the amplitude of the pulses
differ from a pre-determined pattern.
By this arrangement, the movement of a person on the mattress is
communicated to the mattress solely by changes in the pressure,
area or location of contact. The amplitude of the electrical signal
depends on the rapidity or magnitude of movement and the monitor
circuit detecting these signals can, if desired, be set so as to
neglect signals below a predetermined level.
The device may utilise a number of layers of the resilient resistor
material, which may be resilient plastic foam incorporating an
electrically conductive material such as graphite, so that movement
of one layer relative to a contiguous layer changes the contact
resistance, these changes being detected by a suitable electrical
circuit.
In one form of the device, movement sensing areas are alternated
with support areas consisting of slightly deformable resilient
material such as neoprene rubber foam. The support material is
chosen in thickness and strength according to the weight of the
person resting on the mattress and must allow movement to be
transmitted to the resilient resistor material while ensuring that
the resilient resistor material is not greatly compressed. In this
form of the device stacks of layers of resilient resistor material
may be used to increase the total contact resistance and to obtain
greater sensitivity to movement.
One embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of
example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of an apnoea detecting mattress with the
cover removed and an upper sheet broken away,
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section through the mattress, and
FIGS. 3 and 4 are a plan and side view, respectively, of a layer of
resilient resistor material from the mattress which embodies an
electrode wire.
The mattress is built up from bolsters of resilient neoprene rubber
foam each of rectangular cross section and arranged two along the
sides, two across the ends, and seven more laid crosswise parallel
to the end bolsters at equal intervals along the length of the
mattress, the seven intermediate crosswise bolsters being spaced
from one another and from the end bolsters by channels 12 of
substantially the same width as the bolsters. The channels 12 are
filled with stacks of layers 13 of resilient resistor material,
which may be resilient plastic foam embodying an electrically
conductive material, e.g., powdered graphite.
The bottom layer 14 of the stack of layers 13 of resilient resistor
material in each channel 12 has threaded through it a fine flexible
copper wire 15 plated with a conductive protective material such as
tin. These wires form electrodes; alternate ones of these electrode
wires are connected to a first output lead 16 while the intervening
wires are connected to a second output lead 17. The mattress is
closed underneath by a neoprene rubber sheet base 18 underlying the
stacks 13 of resilient resistor foam and bolsters 11 and bonded to
the latter.
An upper sheet 19 of the mattress, overlying and bonded to the
bolsters 12, and in contact with the top layers of the resilient
resistor stacks 13, is also of resilient resistor material and has
threaded through it at intervals a series of electrode wires 20,
like the wires 15, that are connected to a common lead 21. Above
the upper sheet 19 is placed a layer of non-electrically-conducting
plastic foam (not shown) to help distribute the forces resulting
from movement of the person resting on the mattress. A thin welded
sterilisable plastics cover (not shown) encloses the mattress.
A movement of a person on the top of the mattress causes a
redistribution of pressure amongst the resilient resistor stacks
13, or even a displacement of the electrode layer material 19,
resulting in changes of contact resistance between two or more of
the resilient resistor layers. This, in turn, produces a
differential signal pulse between the output leads 16, 17.
Further forms of the device with alternative sizes, configurations
and numbers of movement sensing areas and support areas may be used
in the monitoring of human or animal patients in the conscious or
unconscious conditions after illness, injury, treatment or in the
post-operative state. The requirement may be to provide an alarm if
movement reduces below a desired level (or ceases), or
alternatively if increased activity occurs.
Each signal output pulse is detected by an electronic circuit and
if it exceeds a pre-determined amplitude, resets a timer. When
detecting absence of movement an alarm is given if a pre-determined
period elapses without resetting of the timer. Increased activity
may be detected if a pre-determined period is not achieved without
resetting and the occurrence of this condition exceeds a
pre-determined frequency. An increase in the violence of activity
may be ascertained by the presence of large amplitude pulses.
* * * * *