U.S. patent number 3,836,781 [Application Number 05/276,929] was granted by the patent office on 1974-09-17 for irradiator for water purification.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Water Purification Corporation of America. Invention is credited to Charles V. Ellison.
United States Patent |
3,836,781 |
Ellison |
September 17, 1974 |
IRRADIATOR FOR WATER PURIFICATION
Abstract
An irradiator for sterilizing fluids, particularly contaminated
effluents such as sewage. A housing is provided with a plurality of
tubular partitions defining a flow path for causing sewage and the
like to flow, alternately, back and forth past a series of source
tubes containing radioactive material whereby the sewage provides
shield means surrounding the radioactive source and becomes
sterilized as it passes into and out of the housing.
Inventors: |
Ellison; Charles V.
(Alexandria, VA) |
Assignee: |
Water Purification Corporation of
America (Washington, DC)
|
Family
ID: |
23058681 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/276,929 |
Filed: |
August 1, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
378/67; 250/436;
976/DIG.441; 250/432R; 250/437 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G21K
5/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G21K
5/02 (20060101); G21h 005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;250/44,48,16S,432,436,437 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
3602712 |
August 1971 |
Mann et al. |
3603415 |
September 1971 |
Allen et al. |
3603788 |
September 1971 |
Miraldi et al. |
3671741 |
June 1972 |
Woodbridge et al. |
|
Primary Examiner: Borchelt; Archie R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Diller, Brown, Ramik &
Wight
Claims
I claim:
1. Apparatus for irradiating fluids containing solids, said
apparatus comprising a sealed housing having an inlet port and an
outlet port for allowing flow of fluid into and out of said
housing, shielding means enclosing said housing, said shielding
means including a pool of water overlying said housing with said
housing being viewable therethrough, said housing including a top
wall readily accessible through said pool, said top wall having a
plurality of openings therethrough, removable closures closing said
openings, and a source of radioactive material carried by at least
certain of said closures and positioned within said housing for
irradiating fluid flowing through said housing, said removable
plugs defining means for effecting the individual removal and
replacement of said sources of radioactive material during the
operation of the apparatus and while being shielded by said
pool.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each opening is aligned with a
source tube connected to said top wall and sealed relative to the
interior of said housing, and each source of radioactive material
is disposed within one of said source tubes and shielded from fluid
within said housing thereby.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein each source of radioactive
material is depended from an associated one of said closures and is
suspended in spaced relation to walls of said housing thereby.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein each source of radioactive
material is in the form of a capsule, a seat is suspended from an
associated closure, and said capsule is seated on said seat for
ease of removal and replacement within said pool.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein cable means suspends each seat
from a respective closure.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said housing therein has a
plurality of baffles therein defining a predetermined flow path
between said inlet port and said outlet port, said sources of
radioactive material being disposed within said flow path for
uniformly acting on all fluids passing thereby.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein fluid flow through said housing
is solely gravitational flow.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein fluid flow through said housing
is solely gravitational flow with there being a supply reservoir
connected to said inlet port and a collection reservoir connected
to said outlet port.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It has been known for some time that radiation from a radioactive
material is extremely dangerous because of its capability of
destroying life. Lately, it has been recognized that this
destructive capability can be advantageously utilized for
destroying unwanted bacteria, viruses, spores and other types of
microorganisms in addition to breaking down biodegradable material
and non-biodegradable detergents.
Particular examples of the prior art are exemplified by U.S. Pat.
No. 3,602,712 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,603,788.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an irradiator for treating fluids
and particularly for sterilizing liquids. The irradiator may be
used as part of the final treatment of water prior to delivery
thereof to the consumer, and also has particular advantages in
treating effluents, such as raw sewage, as part of the final
treatment prior to discharge of said sewage into streams, rivers
and other bodies of water.
An object of the invention is to provide an irradiator for the
treatment of fluids, particularly liquids, the apparatus including
a housing having inlet and outlet ports for allowing passage of
fluid therethrough, the housing being provided with means for
locating a source of radioactive material therein and including
flow path means for directing fluid to flow alternately in opposite
directions for making a series of passes past the radioactive
material for ensuring complete and proper sterilization.
Another object of the invention is to provide flow path means
within the housing which comprise a plurality of individual plate
members disposed in spaced relation to each other for defining a
plurality of flow chambers, flow openings being provided in the
plate members for interconnecting the flow chambers with each
other.
A further object of the invention is the provision of providing
plate members having a tubular configuration and being disposed
concentrically within the housing, and providing flow openings in
alternately opposite ends of adjacent ones of the partitions for
interconnecting adjacent flow chambers together in such a manner
that liquid flowing therein is subjected to turbulent flow to
preclude sedimentation from accumulating within the flow chambers
and also for ensuring substantially equal exposure of the fluid to
radiation.
A still further object of the invention is to provide source tubes
for radioactive material, the tubes being particularly constructed
to provide access to the interior thereof without the necessity of
interrupting liquid flow through the flow chambers.
Another object of the invention is to provide an irradiator which
is particularly adapted for the use of cesium-137 as the source of
radioactive material, this material being particularly useful
because of its long half-life, its availability as a waste material
from other processes, and the fact that it does not generate its
own radioactive waste such as occurs with cobalt-60.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic, top plan view, showing the irradiator and
associated pipes for moving fluid therethrough.
FIG. 2 is a vertical section taken on line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary perspective view of one tube-shaped
partition forming part of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary plan view, partly in section, showing a
source tube for radioactive material and the manner that it is
connected to the top plate of the irradiator.
FIG. 5 is a vertical section, taken on the line 5--5 of FIG. 4.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, an irradiator, generally indicated by
the numeral 10, is, preferably, surrounded by shielding material 11
constructed of concrete, lead, or other types of known shielding
material.
Irradiator 10 includes an outer housing 12 comprised of a tubular
shell 14, a bottom cover plate 16 and a top cover plate 18. An
inlet port 20 is centrally located in bottom cover plate 16 and an
outlet port 22 is provided at an upper portion of housing 12 for
allowing passage of fluid into and out of the housing. Fluid, such
as raw sewage, is collected in a supply reservoir 24 from a supply
pipe 26 after the sewage has, preferably, been filtered in a known
manner for removing large solids therefrom.
As is shown in FIG. 2, the sewage to be treated flows, by gravity,
through pipe 28 which leads to inlet port 20 at the bottom of the
irradiator 10. The sewage is then caused to flow through irradiator
10, through flow path means which will be described hereinafter,
until the sewage reaches outlet port 22 and continues through pipe
30 to a collection reservoir 32. The treated sewage may then pass
through drain pipe 34, preferably to a final filter and subsequent
discharge from the treatment system.
Fluid, such as water or sewage to be sterilized, passes through
irradiator 10 along a tortuous flow path defined by a series of
pipe members shown as being comprised of a series of six
tube-shaped partitions 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 and 46 concentrically
disposed within housing 12 and extending between bottom cover plate
16 and top cover plate 18.
As is exemplified by the showing of partition 41 in FIG. 3, each of
the plate members or tube-shaped partitions 41-46 has one end
portion thereof provided with a series of circumferentially spaced
apertures or notches 50 located at the extreme end of the partition
41 and opening axially outwardly thereof. As is shown in FIG. 2,
partitions 41, 43 and 45 are provided with such apertures or
notches at the top end portion thereof adjacent top cover plate 18
while partitions 42, 44 and 46 are provided with such apertures or
notches at their bottom end thereof adjacent bottom cover plate 16.
As a result, a series of flow chambers are provided between
adjacent ones of partitions 41-46 with an exit chamber 52 being
provided between partition 46 and outer member 14 of housing 12,
exit chamber 52 communicating with outlet port 22 so that treated
fluid can pass through pipe 30 to collection reservoir 32. It is to
be understood that apertures or notches 50 subject the fluid to
turbulent flow not only at the top portion of housing 12 but also
adjacent bottom cover plate 16 to provide homogeneous mixing of the
fluid as well as precluding sedimentary deposits from building up
on bottom plate 16.
Fluid passing through irradiator 10 is sterilized by being
subjected to radiation from radioactive material 60 contained
within a plurality of source tubes 62 which are shown in FIGS. 1
and 2 as being located to define a pair of inner and outer circular
arrays of parallel tubes separated from each other by at least a
pair of spaced plate members or partitions 42 and 43 which, as
previously described, define a portion of the flow path through the
housing 12. All of the source tubes 62 are constructed in like
manner, the details of which will be apparent from a description of
a particular source tube 63 as is shown in FIG. 5. Radioactive
material 60 is packaged in a container 64 and a closed canister 66.
A lifting pad 68 is located within source tube 63 and connected to
a lifting plug 70 by at least a pair of cable members 72 so that
the radioactive material 60 can be placed within or removed from
the source tube. Lifting plug 70 is supported above top cover plate
18 by a pair of threaded collar members 74 and 76, the latter being
welded, at 78, to the cover plate 18 thereby providing a closure
cap, generally indicated by the numeral 80, for closing an opening
82 which is formed in cover plate 18 to allow source tube 63 to
depend from cover plate 18 into the housing 12. Collar member 74 is
fixedly connected to source tube 63, such as by welding or the
like, so that the entire source tube 63 may be removed from housing
12 if found to be necessary or desirable.
While the invention is not so limited, it is preferred that
radioactive material 60 consist of cesium-137. This material is
particularly advantageous because of its relatively long half-life,
its copius radiation, the fact that it is presently an undesirable
waste material requiring expensive storage facilities, and the fact
that it does not itself produce other radioactive wastes such as
with cobalt-60.
Referring again to FIG. 2, it will be seen that irradiator 10 is
preferably covered by a pool of water or other liquid shielding 86
which, for example, may be 6 to 10 feet deep and provide access to
the closure cap 80 on the source tubes. In addition, lead lines 87
are readily connected between irradiator 10 and control equipment
88 which may be, for example, gamma ray monitors, meters, etc.
It is to be understood that the preferred embodiment herein
disclosed is to be considered as exemplary of the invention and not
as limitations thereof. For example, the plate members or
partitions 41-46 have been shown as being circular in cross section
but these partitions could also be formed as squares, rectangles or
as flat plate members extending across a rectangular housing, all
of which will provide a tortuous flow path for directing fluid in
opposite directions past the source tubes and, simultaneously,
allow the fluid being treated to provide shielding for the
radioactive material with only a small amount of interference from
the plate members or partitions.
While preferred forms and arrangement of parts have been shown in
illustrating the invention, it is to be clearly understood that
various changes in details and arrangement of parts may be made
without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as
defined in the appended claimed subject matter.
* * * * *