U.S. patent number 3,835,935 [Application Number 05/342,865] was granted by the patent office on 1974-09-17 for idling system for power hammer.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Black and Decker Manufacturing Company. Invention is credited to Robert Gordon Moores, Jr., Daniel Harrison Sides.
United States Patent |
3,835,935 |
Sides , et al. |
September 17, 1974 |
IDLING SYSTEM FOR POWER HAMMER
Abstract
An electric paving breaker is described which includes an
electric motor, a crank and piston driven by the motor, and a ram
driven by the piston which delivers energy to a tool bit to produce
a hammering output. An improved idling system to prevent the piston
from driving the ram unless a tool bit is in place is
described.
Inventors: |
Sides; Daniel Harrison (New
Freedom, PA), Moores, Jr.; Robert Gordon (Cockeysville,
MD) |
Assignee: |
The Black and Decker Manufacturing
Company (Towson, MD)
|
Family
ID: |
23343605 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/342,865 |
Filed: |
March 19, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
173/14;
173/201 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B25D
11/005 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B25D
11/00 (20060101); B25d 009/08 (); B25d
011/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;173/116,118,122,13-16
;92/8 ;74/583 ;60/538,542,539,537 ;91/405 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Abbott; Frank L.
Assistant Examiner: Pate, III; William F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Murphy; Edward D. Bloom; Leonard
Slotnik; Joseph R.
Claims
We claim:
1. In a portable, power-operated impact tool of the type including
a cylinder; a power-driven piston arranged to reciprocate in one
end of said cylinder; a ram in said cylinder between said piston
and the other end of said cylinder; a normally sealed air volume
between said piston and said ram providing an air spring drive for
said ram; at least one opening in said cylinder normally
communicating the region in front of said ram to atmosphere; and
means for slidably receiving a bit in said other end of said
cylinder for receiving impacts from said ram; the improvement
comprising a substantially closed chamber at said other end of said
cylinder; said ram being prevented from entering said chamber when
a bit is fully seated in said cylinder; a normally closed check
valve in said chamber; said valve being set to open when air
pressure in said closed chamber exceeds a predetermined level to to
dissipate the kinetic energy of said ram through said check valve
and limit the velocity of said ram as it traverses said chamber,
and biasing means closing said valve as soon as said ram reverses
its direction of movement to prevent said ram from rebounding out
of said chamber.
2. An impact tool as claimed in claim 1 wherein a beat piece is
provided at said other end of said cylinder for receiving blows
from said ram and transmitting them to a bit seated therein.
3. An impact tool as claimed in claim 2 wherein said beat piece is
arranged to extend into said closed chamber when a bit is seated in
said cylinder, said beat piece being movable to a position out of
said chamber.
4. An impact tool as claimed in claim 3 wherein said check valve is
arranged to communicate said chamber to atmosphere upon buildup of
a predetermined pressure in said chamber, whereby pressure in said
chambers prevents said ram from striking the bottom of said chamber
at a high velocity.
5. In a portable, power-operated impact tool of the type including
a cylinder; a power-driven piston arranged to reciprocate in one
end of said cylinder; a ram in said cylinder between said piston
and the other end of said cylinder; a normally sealed air volume
between said piston and said ram providing an air spring drive for
said ram; at least, one opening in said cylinder normally
communicating the region in front of said ram to atmosphere; and
means for slidably receiving a bit in said other end of said
cylinder for receiving impacts from said ram; the improvement
comprising a substantially closed chamber at said other end of said
cylinder; said ram being prevented from entering said chamber when
a bit is fully seated in said cylinder; a normally closed check
valve in said chamber; said valve being arranged to open when air
pressure in said closed chamber exceeds a predetermined level to
limit movement of said ram into said chamber, said valve being
further arranged to close when the air pressure in said closed
chamber is reduced to prevent said ram from rebounding out of said
chamber; said region between said piston and said ram being
communicated to atmosphere when said ram is in said chamber so that
said ram is lifted by said piston only when a bit is seated in said
cylinder.
6. An impact tool as claimed in claim 5 wherein a beat piece is
provided at said other end of said cylinder for receiving blows
from said ram and transmitting them to a bit seated therein.
7. An impact tool as claimed in claim 6 wherein said beat piece
includes a portion extending into said closed chamber when a bit is
seated in said cylinder, said portion being movable to a position
out of said chamber.
8. An impact tool as claimed in claim 7 wherein said at least one
opening is blocked from communication with said air volume by said
ram when said beat piece is moved into said chamber by a seated
bit.
9. In a portable, power-operated impact tool of the type including
a driving motor, a transmission driven by said motor, a cylinder, a
piston reciprocated in said cylinder by said transmission, a ram in
said cylinder and coupled to said piston by a normally sealed air
volume therebetween, a bit slidably disposed in the end of said
cylinder for receiving impacts from said ram when said bit is fully
seated in the end of said cylinder, and at least one opening in
said cylinder for communicating the region in front of said ram to
atmosphere, the improvement comprising a substantially closed
chamber at the bit end of said cylinder; said bit, in its fully
seated position, preventing said ram from entering said chamber; a
check valve in the opposite side of said chamber from said ram,
said check valve being positioned to open when said ram is driven
into said chamber when said bit is not fully seated in said
cylinder whereby said ram is prevented from striking the end of
said cylinder at a high velocity by air pressure in said
chamber.
10. In a portable power-operated impact tool of the type including
a driving motor, a transmission driven by said motor, a cylinder, a
piston reciprocated in said cylinder by said transmission, a ram in
said cylinder and coupled to said piston by a normally sealed air
volume therebetween, a bit slidably disposed in the end of said
cylinder for receiving impacts from said ram when said bit is fully
seated in the end of said cylinder, and at least one opening in
said cylinder for communicating the region in front of said ram to
atmosphere; the improvement comprising a substantially closed
chamber at the bit end of said cylinder; said bit, in its fully
seated position, preventing said ram from entering said chamber; a
check valve in the opposite side of said chamber from said ram,
said check valve being positioned to open when said ram is driven
into said chamber when said bit is not fully seated in said
cylinder whereby said ram is prevented from striking the end of
said cylinder at a high velocity by air pressure in said chamber;
said opening in said cylinder being positioned to communicate with
said region between said piston and said ram only when said ram is
in said chamber to prevent said ram from being reciprocated by said
piston until said bit lifts said ram out of said chamber.
11. A portable, power-operated, heavy-duty impact tool of the
paving breaker type comprising a cylinder; a power-driven piston
arranged to reciprocate in one end of said cylinder; a ram in said
cylinder between said piston and the other end of said cylinder; a
normally sealed air volume between said piston and said ram
providing an air spring drive for said ram; at least one opening in
said cylinder normally communicating the region in front of said
ram to atmosphere; and means for slidably receiving a bit in said
other end of said cylinder for receiving impacts from said ram; a
substantially closed chamber at said other end of said cylinder;
said ram normally being prevented from entering said chamber when a
bit is fully seated in said cylinder; a normally closed check valve
in said chamber; said valve being arranged to open when air
pressure in said closed chamber exceeds a predetermined level; said
region between said piston and said ram being communicated to
atmosphere when said ram is in said chamber; whereby operation of
said piston when a bit is fully seated in said chamber causes
reciprocation of said ram; operation of said piston in the absence
of a bit and when a bit slides away from said chamber causing said
ram to enter said chamber and remain in an idle mode.
Description
The present invention is directed to heavy-duty power tools of the
type used as paving breakers and for other demolition work, and is
specifically directed to an improved idling system for power hammer
tools.
The tools to which this invention relates are those which generally
include a source of power such as an air or electric motor, a
piston connected to and driven by the power source and a ram
element which is disposed between the piston and an output device.
As the piston is reciprocated by the power source, energy is
delivered from the piston to the ram and, as the ram reciprocates,
it encounters an output means such as a chisel bit and energy is
delivered to a workpiece such as pavement or concrete, etc. In the
course of using such hammers, the operators commonly turn the
switch controlling the power source on and hold it on as they apply
the tool to various locations on the workpiece. When the tool is in
contact with the workpiece, the bit, which is slidably mounted in
the front end of the tool, is held in position to receive the full
energy of the ram. However, as the tool is lifted and transferred
to a new location, the bit slides partially out of the tool until
stopped by a bit retainer. In this position, if the ram continues
to be driven by the piston, the energy will no longer be taken by
the workpiece, but will be applied to the front end of the tool
itself. This either requires unnecessary structural strength in the
front end of the tool or else the tool may be subject to premature
failure.
To avoid this difficulty, it is desirable to provide an arrangement
which will prevent the ram from reciprocating unless the tool bit
is in position in the front of the tool and is held in its fully
inward position by a workpiece. Ram catchers and rubber beat pieces
which have previously been used are quickly mashed and ruined in
large tools; air cushion devices have not provided adequate
protection against hammering during idling. It is, therefore, the
purpose of the present invention to provide an idling system,
particularly for large power hammers, which will prevent the ram
from reciprocating when the tool bit is not in proper position and
which will not interfere with the normal operation of the tool when
the bit is in its proper position relative to the ram.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a
new and improved idling system for power hammer tools.
A further object of this invention is the provision of a new and
improved hammer idling means which is more effective and more
reliable than previous arrangements.
Further objects and advantages of this invention will become
apparent as the description and illustration thereof proceed.
Briefly, in accord with one embodiment of this invention, a power
hammer, specifically a paving breaker, is disclosed which includes
an electric motor as a source of power, a gearing system for
reciprocating a piston upon rotation of the motor, and a ram which
is arranged to be coupled to and driven by the piston when the tool
is in use. Means are provided for mounting and retaining an output
bit which is driven by the ram when the tool is held against a
workpiece. In specific accord with the present invention, an
enclosed chamber having a check valve is provided at the bottom of
the ram cylinder. In normal operation, the bit protrudes into this
region, thus preventing the ram from reaching the bottom of the
chamber. When the bit is removed from the tool, or when the tool is
lifted from a workpiece so that the bit slides forwardly out of the
normal range of the ram, the next power stroke of the ram
compresses air in the chamber, slowing the ram and then opening the
check valve so that the ram travels to the end of the cylinder.
Means are provided to interrupt the normal coupling between the
piston and the ram when the ram is at the bottom of the cylinder so
that the ram remains stationary despite continued reciprocation of
the piston. The ram remains in this position until it is lifted
away from the bottom of the chamber by means of a tool bit being
forced against a workpiece. This moves the ram upwardly in the
cylinder to re-establish coupling between the piston and the ram
and normal operation of the tool resumes.
In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is an elevational view of an electric paving breaker which
embodies an idling system in accord with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view through the tool of FIG.
1 which shows the internal mechanism of the tool;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the forward end of the paving
breaker of FIG. 1, which illustrates an idling system in accord
with this invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 2 but
showing the parts at another point in the operation; and
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view similar to that of FIG. 2 but
showing an alternative embodiment of this invention.
FIG. 1 illustrates generally an electric paving breaker in accord
with the present invention. The tool, indicated generally at 1,
includes a motor housing 2, a transmission housing 3, and a barrel
4. An output member such as a chisel bit 5 is retained on the
paving breaker by means of a tool bit retainer 6.
The internal mechanism of this particular tool is shown in
schematic form in FIG. 2 wherein it can be seen that this specific
embodiment uses an electric motor 7 which drives a crank 8 by means
of shaft pinion 9, right angle gear 10, spur pinion 11 and crank
gear 12. All of these elements are, of course, supported in
suitable bearings and lubricated as required. The crank 8 includes
a journal portion 13 which supports the upper end 14 of a
connecting rod 15. The connecting rod is coupled in a conventional
manner to a piston 16 which reciprocates in the upper end of the
barrel 4 upon rotation of the crank 8. At least one piston ring 17
is provided to seal the gap between the piston and the internal
surface 18 of the barrel so that an air spring is created in the
region 19. The air spring couples the reciprocation of the piston
to a ram 20, causing it to be drawn up and then driven downwardly,
producing a series of impacts on the bit 5 via a beat piece 21.
FIG. 3 illustrates the lower, or forward, end of the barrel 4.
Within the barrel, the ram 20 is shown in its lowest position
during working operation. In this position, the ram has just struck
the beat piece 21 which transmits the energy directly to the upper
end 22 of the bit 5. As previously described, this hammer makes use
of the compression and expansion of the volume of air contained in
the region 19 between the ram 20 and the piston. This air volume
functions as a spring which permits the relatively slowly
developing energy of the piston to be transferred rapidly to the
ram, producing a high impact force, and which also isolates the
motor and gear train from the shock loads when the ram impacts the
beat piece. To allow this action to occur, a plurality of slots 23
are provided in the side of the barrel which communicate with the
atmosphere and which thus prevent the development of high pressure
or a vacuum ahead of the ram.
In normal operation, when the tool bit is pressed against a
workpiece, the forwardmost position of the ram is that shown in
FIG. 3. In this position, the region 19 between the ram and the
piston is still sealed from the exhaust slots 23; thus, the upward
motion of the piston reduces the pressure within chamber 19 and, in
combination with the rebound energy, causes movement of the ram
away from the beat piece. It is also noted that, in normal
operation, the ram 20 is stopped by the beat piece just as it
enters a chamber 25 at the forward end of barrel 4. Thus, air
trapped within the chamber 25 does not affect the normal
operation.
In front of the barrel 4, a nose piece 26 is provided to guide the
tool bit 5. The nose piece is retained by a pair of roll pins, one
of which is shown at 27 and by a series of bolts 28. The bolts are
threaded into a retaining sleeve 29 which in turn is held within
the barrel 4 by a retaining ring 30. The beat piece 21 includes a
shoulder 31 which is trapped between internal shoulders 32 and 33
on the nose piece and retaining sleeve, respectively.
The retaining sleeve also includes a passageway 34 which
communicates with the chamber 25 and which is closed by a check
valve 35, the check valve being held closed by a spring 36. When
the check valve is opened, the passage 34 communicates to the
atmosphere through holes 37 and 38, in the retaining sleeve and
barrel, respectively. This system permits the ram to idle under
certain conditions as will now be set forth in conjunction with a
description of FIG. 4.
In FIG. 4, the mechanism is shown with the tool bit 5 removed and
with the beat piece 21 resting against the shoulder 32 of the nose
piece. This illustrates the conditions which would apply if the
tool was operated with the bit 5 removed or with the tool lifted
away from the workpiece so that the bit drops to the lowest
position permitted by the retainer 6. In either of these cases, the
first power stroke of the piston drives the ram to and beyond the
point at which it would normally encounter the beat piece 21. As
the ram enters the chamber 25, air is trapped within this chamber
by virtue of the close fit of the ram within barrel 4. Thus, the
pressure within chamber 25 rapidly increases, slowing and stopping
the ram. At some predetermined level of pressure, determined by the
spring 36, the check valve 35 opens as shown in FIG. 4. This
releases the air trapped in chamber 25 to atmosphere. The
deceleration of the ram continues as excess pressure is relieved
until finally the ram is stopped and the pressure in chamber 25
decreases to allow the valve 35 to close. At this point, the ram is
below its normal operational position in the barrel 4 and the
chamber 19 between the ram and the piston is now exposed to
atmospheric pressure via the upper end of the slots 23. Thus, as
the piston starts its next upward stroke the suction normally
produced in chamber 19 simply draws air in from the atmosphere and
no lifting force is applied to the ram. Since the ram receives
essentially no rebound energy from the air in chamber 25 and since
no lifting force is produced by the piston, the ram will remain at
the bottom of the barrel 4 as the piston continues to reciprocate.
Therefore, after the first, controlled motion of the ram to the
front of the tool, the ram remains stationary and the front of the
tool is not subjected to a continuing series of impacts which might
produce serious damage.
When it is desired to resume normal operation, a tool bit must be
in place within the nose piece 26. Biasing the bit against a
workpiece forces the beat piece 21 into the chamber 25 and lifts
the ram until it again closes the slots 23 from communication with
chamber 19, thus permitting suction in chamber 19 to draw the ram
upwardly and normal operation follows. In most cases, this tool is
used in a vertical position with the bit pointed down; the weight
of the tool exerts sufficient force on the bit to move the ram up
out of the chamber 25.
FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of this invention wherein
the check valve 35 is replaced by a simple flapper valve 45. One
end of the flapper valve is trapped between the nose piece 26 and
the retaining sleeve 29 and a chamber 46 is provided in the nose
piece to permit the valve to open. This embodiment operates in a
manner identical to that described with regard to FIG. 4.
In the foregoing description and drawings, two specific embodiments
of this invention have been illustrated and described. However, it
will be clear to those skilled in the art that many changes and
modifications can be made from these illustrations without
departing from the essential teachings thereof. Accordingly, it is
intended that the appended claims cover all such changes and
modifications as may fall within the true spirit and scope of this
invention.
* * * * *