U.S. patent number 3,835,833 [Application Number 05/290,804] was granted by the patent office on 1974-09-17 for method for obtaining neurophysiological effects.
Invention is credited to Aime Limoge.
United States Patent |
3,835,833 |
Limoge |
September 17, 1974 |
METHOD FOR OBTAINING NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Abstract
A method and apparatus for obtaining neurophysiological effects
on the central and/or peripheral systems of a patient. Electrodes
are suitably positioned on the body of the patient and a composite
electric signal is applied at the electrodes. The composite signal
is formed by the superpositioning of two signals: a first signal
which is a rectified high-frequency carrier modulated in amplitude
to about 100 percent by substantially square-shaped pulses whose
duration, amplitude and frequency are chosen according to the
neurophysiological effects desidered, and a second signal which has
a relatively white noise spectrum. The mean value of the first
electric signal has a predetermined sign which is opposite the sign
of the mean value of the second electric signal.
Inventors: |
Limoge; Aime (Paris,
FR) |
Family
ID: |
9083412 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/290,804 |
Filed: |
September 21, 1972 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Sep 24, 1971 [FR] |
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71.34365 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
600/26; 600/28;
607/46 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61N
1/32 (20130101); A61N 1/36021 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61N
1/32 (20060101); A61N 1/34 (20060101); A61n
001/36 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/419R,420,421,422,1C |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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1,165,541 |
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Oct 1969 |
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GB |
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1,554,569 |
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Dec 1968 |
|
FR |
|
1,088,607 |
|
Oct 1967 |
|
GB |
|
Other References
Buchsbaum, "Electronics World," Sept. 1963, pp. 27-29..
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Primary Examiner: Kamm; William E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Young & Thompson
Claims
What I claim is:
1. A method for obtaining neurophysiological effects on the central
and/or peripheral nervous systems of a patient, comprising
generating a high-frequency carrier, rectifying the high-frequency
carrier, generating substantially square-shaped pulses whose
duration, amplitude and frequency are chosen according to the
desired neurophysiological effect, amplitude modulating to about
100 percent the rectified high-frequency carrier with said pulses
thereby producing a first electric signal, generating a relatively
white noise spectrum signal, rectifying the relatively white noise
spectrum signal thereby producing a second electric signal, the
sign of the mean value of the second electric signal being opposite
that of the mean value of said first electric signal, superposing
said first and second electric signals to produce a composite
electric signal having an average amplitude which is the difference
between the average amplitude of said first and second electric
signals, positioning electrodes on the body of the patient, and
applying said composite electric signal at the electrodes.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said first and second
signals each have polarities which are constant as a function of
time.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the spectrum of the said
relatively white noise is between 1 KHz and 60 KHz.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the spectrum of said
relatively white noise is between 20 and 60 KHz.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio between the
mean current strength of said second signal and the mean current
strength of said first signal is between one-fourth and one-half.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention concerns a method and apparatus for obtaining
neurophysiological effects by the application of electric currents
to the central and/or peripheral nervous systems of the human
body.
It is known that the application of electrical signals at
electrodes placed at suitably chosen points on the body of a
patient is capable of causing various effects such as general or
local anaesthesia, sleep or relaxion of the subject depending on
the location of the electrodes and the parameters defining the
signal.
Among the various types of signals for obtaining such results, it
has been established that the use of square-shaped pulses of
suitable amplitude, frequency and period is particularly
effective.
Such signals, may, however, cause bothersome secondary phenomena
such as contractures, polarization or electrolysis effects which
could be redhibitory in numerous cases.
With regard to these drawbacks, it has been proposed to use for
similar applications a complex signal consisting of a rectified
high-frequency signal which is about 100 percent amplitude
modulated by low frequency square-shaped pulses which in the
majority of cases enables the total elimination of the contractures
remaining when the low frequency pulses shapes a direct current
signal instead of the envelope of a rectified high frequency
signal.
The effects so obtained are clearly superior to those of the former
technique. Nevertheless, the rectified high-frequency signals
modulated by low-frequency square-shaped pulses is not entirely
satisfactory in all applications, because they do not enable the
complete elimination of undesirable phenomena such as local
electrolysis, disagreeable tingling or other unacceptable reactions
necessitating the reduction of the current of the applied signals
or the shortening of the length of application thereof.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention enables the reduction or even the complete
elimination of undesirable secondary effects by reducing the mean
value of the currents applied on which the said secondary effects
directly depend, without substantially reducing the desired
principal neurophysiological effects.
To this effect, the present invention provides a method for
obtaining neurophysiological effects on the central and/or
peripheral nervous systems of a patient, comprising positioning
electrodes on the body of the patient, applying a composite
electric signal at the electrodes formed by the superpositioning of
a first and second electric signal, said first electric signal
being a rectified high-frequency carrier modulated in amplitude to
about 100 percent by substantially square-shaped pulses whose
duration, amplitude and frequency are chosen according to the
desired neurophysiological effects, the mean value of said first
electric signal being of a predetermined signal said second signal
having a relatively white noise spectrum, the sign of the mean
value of said second electric signal being opposite that of the
mean value of said first electric signal.
The white noise constituting the said second signal may have a
substantially continuous spectrum ranging from 1 KHz to 60 KHz and
preferably between 20 and 60 KHz. Such a noise signal could be
easily obtained by means of a gas discharge tube, a semi-conductor
or other appropriate means.
As previously indicated, it has been observed throughout that the
undesirable secondary effects of electrophysiological treatment are
all the more accentuated when the average current passing through
the electrodes applied to the body of the patient is increased.
In the method according to the invention, this average current
intensity, whose value is the algebraic sum of the respective mean
values of said first and second signals, is the difference between
these mean values.
I was surprised to find that the presence of white noise which
enables the reduction of the overall mean current strength, the
electrolysis effects and the intolerance of the body, remains
without any detriment to the effectiveness of the treatment. It is
thought that this very advantageous property comes from the fact
that the relatively continuous spectrum of the white noise signal
avoids the generation of undesired possibly detrimental discrete
beat frequencies from the pulse modulated carrier and the white
noise signal, while being capable of bringing about by an
appropriate choice of the limits of this continuous spectrum
complementary neurophysiological effects resulting in a
renforcement of the principal desired effect.
According to the intended application, the relative proportion of
the noise component and the modulated high-frequency component may
be advantageous between one-fourth and one-half in the majority of
cases, this proportion designating the ratio of the mean current
strength of these components.
The method according to the invention is particularly applicable to
obtaining neurophysiological effects such as relaxation, sleep,
general analgesia, local-regional anaesthesia, and general
anaesthesia.
Its use is particularly advantageous when the current strength of
the pulse modulated high-frequency signal whose average value is
the product of the r.m.s. value of the high-frequency carrier by
the mark-to-space ratio of the square-shaped low-frequency pulses
must be rather large, as for example in the case of
electro-analgesia or electro-anaesthesia treatments.
Also disclosed is a device for carrying out the method described
above comprising a high-frequency signal generator, a low-frequency
pulse generator, means for modulating the amplitude of the said
high-frequency signals by the low-frequency pulses, a noise
generator adapted to generate electric signals having a relatively
continuous frequency spectrum and mixing means adapted to
superimpose the modulated high-frequency signal generated by said
modulation means and the signals from the noise generator for
providing a composite signal with a mean amplitude proportional to
the difference between the respective mean amplitudes of the
modulated high-frequency signal and said noise signal.
Preferably, the apparatus comprises control means selectively
adjusting certain or all parameters defining the composite output
signal, i.e., the peak amplitude of the modulated high-frequency
signal, the amplitude of the noise signal, the frequency of the
high-frequency signal, the length and the spacing of the low
frequency modulation pukes, as well as the spectrum of the signal
delivered by the noise generator.
Suitable switching means may be advantageously provided to make
available one or more elementary signals utilised to generate the
above-defined composite signal at one of the outputs of the device.
Indeed, it could be advantageous in certain
electro-neurophysiological treatments to combine the application of
composite signals according to the invention with signals of
different characteristics simultaneously or sequentially with the
composite signals, and it is therefore advantageous to provide a
single device to generate these different signals.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The features and avantages of the present invention will be brought
out in the description made herein by way of the example with
reference to the accompanying drawing illustrating schematically a
device according to the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The device illustrated in the drawing comprises a low-frequency
square pulse generator channel driven by an oscillator 10 having 1
KHz frequency whose output signal after shaping by peak clipper 11
or other circuit adapted to generate straight-sided signals is
applied to a selection unit 20 enabling the formation of
low-frequency pulses whose length and frequency may be displayed by
manual selectors 12 and 14 with three digits corresponding to
units, tens and hundreds of the quantity displayed. These selectors
are associated with the corresponding decimal stages of a digital
counter 15 fed by the pulses issued from the peak clipper 11.
The width of the pulses available at the output 18 of the unit 20
is determined by the length of the conducting of an AND gate 16
controled by the selector 12, whereas the time interval between
successive resettings of the counter 15 is determined by the
selector 14 which acts to this end on the resetting circuit 17. On
each resetting the resetting circuit causes the AND gate 16 to
open. Thus at the output 18 there is a substantially square-shaped
low-frequency pulse the width and period of which may vary by steps
of 0.5 and 1 millisecond as a function of the adjustment of the
selectors 12 and 14.
The pulses thus obtained amplitude modulate a high-frequency signal
generated by an oscillator 21 whose frequency is adjustable, for
example, between 100 KHz and 1 MHz. This signal passes through a
rectifier peak-limiter 23 adapted to rectify one or both of the
high-frequency half-cycles then is applied to an amplitude
modulator 25 at the output 26 of which are available high-frequency
signals whose envelope comprises the low-frequency pulses and whose
polarity is constant owing to the prior rectification of the
high-frequency carrier. Preferably, the degree of modulation is 100
percent; to this end the modulator could comprise an AND gate
having inputs connected, as shown in the drawing, to the output 18
of the unit 20 and the output of the rectifier peak-limiter 23.
The device according to the invention comprises a noise generator
30 whose output signal after rectification is intended to be one of
the two components of the output signal of the device. The
generator 30 may be, for example, a suitable gas filled tube (not
shown) or other means adapted to generate random signals in a
relatively continuous spectrum. Preferably, these signals have a
spectrum between 1 KHz and 60 KHz and a relatively uniform spectral
distribution, such a distribution defining the signals which have
been hereinabove referred to as "relatively white noise signals."
This spectrum may, for example, be defined by means of a suitable
band-pass filter (not shown) which may be adjustable.
The signal generated by the noise generator 30 is rectified by a
rectifier 31 over one or two half-cycles, and are then
subtractively mixed with the modulated high-frequency signal
available at the output of the modulator 25 by an amplifier-mixer
32 so as to obtain a composite signal having a mean current
strength proportional to the difference of the mean current
strength of its components.
Accordingly, the amplifier 32 may comprise an input stage (not
shown) constituted by a differential amplifier having direct and
reversed inputs 32a and 32b respectively connected to the output 26
of the modulator 25 and the output of the rectifier 31 through the
intermediary of level adjusting means adapted to enable the
adjustment of the relative proportion of the modulated
high-frequency signal and the noise signal constituting the two
components of the signal available at the output 33 of the
amplifier-mixer 32 which comprises a final stage (not shown)
adapted to provide the desired power of the composite signal
obtained.
The electrodes for applying the composite signal to the patient are
connected to two outputs terminals of the device, the electrode 35
of which is connected to the case of the apparatus whereas the
other electrode 36 is connected to the output 33 through the
intermediary of a constant current amplifier 37 associated with
current adjusting means schematically respresented by a
potentiometer 38.
The constant current amplifier 37 may comprise a circuit having an
output impedance sufficiently large so as to provide an output
current which only slightly varies with respect to changes in the
load resistance formed by the portion of the body of the patient
situated between the points of application of the electrodes.
As indicated above auxiliary outputs (not shown) may be provided
for making available if necessary pure low-frequency pulses,
non-modulated high-frequency signals, noise signals or even a D.C.
component.
* * * * *