U.S. patent number 3,835,592 [Application Number 05/243,610] was granted by the patent office on 1974-09-17 for mechanism for driving reciprocating tool.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Leonard U. Shapiro. Invention is credited to Kunio A. Sumida.
United States Patent |
3,835,592 |
Sumida |
September 17, 1974 |
MECHANISM FOR DRIVING RECIPROCATING TOOL
Abstract
A reciprocating, air-driven mechanism comprising, in one
embodiment, a center-seeking piston connected to an oscillatably
pivoted linkage which drives a material working tool. Air is
delivered to the opposite ends of the piston at different stages of
its reciprocation through the use of peripheral grooves on the
piston and selected passages in the surrounding cylinder. An
operator-actuated valve includes passages through which air may
initially be delivered to one end of the piston so as to move it
off center when operation of the tool is initiated. In a second
embodiment, the air may be delivered to the piston by means of a
single valve which is actuated by a piston-driven system to
alternately communicate each piston-end with incoming and exhaust
air passages. In either embodiment, as the piston is reciprocated,
air exhausted from the non-driving end of the piston flows between
a bearing plate and a shoe bar to create an air bearing and to
pressurize the interior of the tool to prevent contamination
thereof by particles of the material upon which the tool is
working.
Inventors: |
Sumida; Kunio A. (Los Angeles,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Shapiro; Leonard U. (St. Paul,
MN)
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Family
ID: |
26771425 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/243,610 |
Filed: |
April 13, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
84786 |
Oct 28, 1970 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
451/356 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F01L
21/02 (20130101); F01L 33/04 (20130101); B23D
51/18 (20130101); B24B 23/043 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B23D
51/00 (20060101); B23D 51/18 (20060101); F01L
33/04 (20060101); B24B 23/00 (20060101); F01L
21/00 (20060101); F01L 21/02 (20060101); B24B
23/04 (20060101); F01L 33/00 (20060101); B24b
023/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;51/17MT,17TL,266
;91/26,232,360 ;92/DIG.2 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lake; Roy
Assistant Examiner: Bicks; Mark S.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Smyth, Roston & Pavitt
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No.
84,786, filed Oct. 28, 1970, now abandoned and assigned to the
Assignee hereof.
Claims
Other embodiments and modes of the present invention will now
become apparent to those skilled in the art without exceeding the
scope of the invention as defined by the claims of this
application, wherefore what is claimed is:
1. In a hand tool,
a cylinder block having
a first chamber and
a second chamber,
a piston, reciprocally positioned in said cylinder block between
said first and second chambers, having
a plurality of peripheral grooves thereon and
a movable work-performing tool attached thereto,
means for delivering a fluid under pressure to a selected one of
said peripheral grooves,
means for transferring the fluid from said selected one of said
peripheral grooves to one of said first and second chambers,
means for exhausting the fluid from the other of said first and
second chambers, and
means positioned between said cylinder block and said tool for
creating a fluid bearing therebetween by the fluid being
exhausted.
2. The hand tool of claim 1 including
means connecting said piston and said work-performing tool together
such that movement of said piston in one direction causes movement
of said work-performing tool in the opposite direction.
3. The hand tool of claim 1 wherein
said fluid transferring means and said peripheral grooves are so
arranged as to cause said piston to seek an equilibrium position
between said first and second chambers.
4. The tool of claim 3 including
means for dislodging said piston from the equilibrium position to
start the reciprocating movement thereof.
5. The hand tool of claim 1 including
linkage means interconnecting said work-performing tool and said
piston and having
means therein causing simultaneous opposed movement of said
work-performing tool and said piston.
6. In a hand tool,
a cylinder block having
a first chamber,
a second chamber, and
a substantially planar surface having an aperture therein,
a piston positioned in said cylinder block for reciprocation
between said first and second chambers,
tool means mounted on said cylinder block adjacent said
substantially planar surface for reciprocation relative to said
cylinder block,
means in said cylinder block linking said piston and said tool
means whereby the latter is actuated by the former but in the
opposite direction,
means for actuating said piston means by selective delivery of air
to said first and second chambers,
means for directing air being exhausted from said first and second
chambers to said aperture, and
means fixed to said tool means and operatively connected to said
cylinder block and spaced therefrom parallel to said substantially
planar surface for forming an air bearing therebetween.
7. In a hand tool,
a housing including
a substantially planar surface having
an aperture therein,
an air motor mounted in said housing,
means for directing compressed air delivered to said housing into
said air motor,
means for exhausting compressed air from said air motor to the
interior of said housing for pressurization thereof,
flat plate means mounted on said housing in parallel relationship
with said substantially planar surface,
means interconnecting said air motor and said flat plate for
reciprocation of the latter, and
means for holding said flat plate in a predetermined spatial
relationship with said substantially planar surface whereby air
being exhausted from said housing through said aperture forms a
bearing between said housing and said flat plate.
8. The hand tool of claim 7 including
tool means fixed to said reciprocatable flat plate means for
reciprocation of said tool means relative to a workpiece.
9. The hand tool of claim 7 wherein
said air motor comprises
a reciprocatable piston having
a plurality of peripheral grooves thereon,
means for delivering compressed air to one of said peripheral
grooves, and
means for transferring the compressed air from said one of said
peripheral grooves to a location in which it acts against a face on
said piston.
10. The hand tool of claim 7 wherein
said air motor comprises
a first chamber,
a second chamber, and
piston means mounted for reciprocation between said first and
second chambers upon the direction of compressed air thereinto,
and
means for selectively delivering compressed air to one of said
chambers and conducting air away from the other of said chambers
including
a valve body mounted within said housing and having
a dividing means thereon,
a valve spool movably mounted in said valve body to opposite sides
of said divider and having
air direction means therein for delivering said compressed air to
one side of said divider and for receiving air from the other side
of said divider for passage thereof to the interior of said
housing, and
means for moving said valve spool relative to said valve body.
11. The tool of claim 10 wherein
said valve spool is oscillatable about an axis common to said valve
body and comprises
a blind bore in each end thereof and
a pair of radial apertures, each connecting a blind bore with the
periphery of said valve spool and located on substantially opposite
sides of said valve spool.
12. In a hand tool,
a cylinder having
a first chamber and
a second chamber
a center-seeking reciprocatable piston movable in said first and
second chambers,
means for selectively delivering pressurized fluid to one of said
chambers to drive said piston into the other of said chambers,
means for selectively exhausting the other of said chambers,
a work-performing tool,
means interconnecting said piston and said work-performing tool for
opposed reciprocation of said work-performing tool by said piston,
and
means for moving said piston away from its centered position
between said first and second chambers when the tool is started by
an operator.
13. The tool of claim 12 wherein said piston and work-performing
tool are of substantially equal weight to balance forces generated
by said hand tool.
14. The tool of claim 12 including
means for mounting said work-performing tool relative to said
cylinder as to form an air bearing therebetween by air being
exhausted by said other of said chambers.
15. In a tool,
a relatively stationary housing having
a first and
second cylinder chambers fixed therein,
a reciprocatable piston movable in said first and second
chambers,
a work-performing tool attached to said piston extending exterior
of said housing to act upon a workpiece
means for selectively delivering pressurized fluid to one of said
first and second cylinder chambers to drive said piston into the
other of said first and second cylinder chambers,
means for selectively exhausting the other of said first and second
cylinder chambers as said piston is driven into it,
linkage means interconnecting said work-performing tool and said
piston and having
means therein causing simultaneous opposed movement of said
work-performing tool and said piston relative to said housing,
and
means for controlling the flow of fluid as it is being exhausted
from the other of said first and second chambers to form a fluid
bearing between said work-performing and said housing.
16. In a tool,
a relatively stationary housing having
first and
second cylinder chambers fixed therein,
a reciprocatable piston movable in said first and second
chambers,
a work-performing tool attached to said piston extending exterior
of said housing to act upon a workpiece,
means for selectively delivering pressurized fluid to one of said
first and second cylinder chambers to drive said piston into the
other of said first and second cylinder chambers,
means for selectively exhausting the other of said first and second
cylinder chambers as said piston is driven into it,
said fluid delivery and exhaust means being so positioned as to
cause said piston to seek an equilibrium position in said first and
second cylinder chambers,
linkage means interconnecting said work-performing tool and said
piston and having
means therein causing simultaneous opposed movement of said
work-performing tool and said piston relative to said housing,
means for moving said piston away from said equilibrium position
when said tool is started by an operator comprising
normally closed valve means for controlling the flow of the
pressurized fluid,
a preliminary distribution system for delivering pressurized fluid
from said valve means to one of said first and second cylinder
chambers,
means for delivering pressurized fluid to said preliminary
distribution system only during initial actuation of said valve
means and then only to said selective delivering means during
additional actuation of said valve means, and
means for actuating said valve means.
17. The tool of claim 16 including
means for controlling the flow of fluid as it is being exhausted
from the other of said first and second chambers to form a fluid
bearing between said work-performing tool and said housing.
18. The tool of claim 16 wherein
said delivering means comprises
a valve-actuating means,
fluid passage means in said valve-actuating means for alignment and
communication thereof with said preliminary distribution means,
and
means for discontinuing communication between said fluid passage
means and said preliminary distribution means.
19. The tool of claim 18 including
means for controlling the flow of fluid as it is being exhausted
from the other of said first and second chambers to form a fluid
bearing between said work-performing tool and said housing.
20. The tool of claim 16 including
means for delivering the fluid being exhausted from the other of
said first and second cylinder chambers to the interior of said
housing to prevent the entry of particles therein from a workpiece
being acted upon by said tool.
21. The tool of claim 20 including
means for controlling the flow of fluid as it is being exhausted
from the other of said first and second chambers to form a fluid
bearing between said work-performing tool and said housing.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Many present day reciprocating hand tools such as sanders,
hacksaws, etc., are driven by means of linkage which include one or
more rack and gear drives which convert rotary electric or
reciprocating pneumatic motion into a reciprocating motion of the
material working part of the tool. Such tools have proven to be so
noisy that they are actually detrimental to the hearing of the
operator.
As a further disadvantage, normal usage of the tools creates wear
in the mechanical drive linkages, such as rack and gear drives, so
that a relatively short tool life is produced, requiring repair or
replacement of the tool after a much shorter period of time than
desired by purchasers.
Presently available hand power tools of this type are also
susceptible to wear across the large bearing surface between the
stationary and reciprocating portions of the tool. Wear is further
increased because such tools have proven to be highly susceptible
to internal contamination by airborne particles of foreign matter
removed from the material upon which the tool is working. Such
particles can get into the reciprocating mechanisms within the
tool, allowing the internal parts to become fouled, corroded,
scored, etc.
Repair and maintenance of the tools of this type is a sufficiently
serious problem that in shops in which the tools are used
extensively, they must either be replaced on a periodic basis or a
maintenance program must be followed which requires a large enough
inventory of such tools to allow "down" time for cleaning and
repair of some of them while others are being used.
Therefore, it has been desirable to provide a relatively
maintenance-free reciprocating tool, the speed of which may be
controlled by the operator. Such a tool must be relatively simple
and easy to manufacture so that its purchase cost is not
prohibitive to purchasers. The tool should be provided with means
to prevent contamination of the interior of the tool body by small
particles of the material being worked on by the tool and should be
so structured that a minimum of wear occurs within the tool so that
extensive maintenance and repair is not required.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to such a reciprocating tool and, in
the following description, has been applied to a reciprocating
sander for purposes of illustration since such sanders usually
produce a maximum amount of airborne particles from the workpiece.
It is to be understood, however, that the principles of the
invention could easily be utilized in a reciprocating hacksaw or
other tool, merely by making design changes which might be
considered to be within the skill of the art when the principles of
the present invention are understood.
One form of tool embodying the present invention may comprise a
reciprocating, center-seeking piston to which one end of a linkage
may be attached. The opposite end of the linkage may be fastened to
the reciprocating portion of the tool so that a suitable motion may
be imparted to a work-contacting portion thereof. In this
embodiment, the linkage can be pivoted at an intermediate point to
minimize the tool vibration and the force moments generated within
the tool. In other words, the pivot within the linkage allows the
reciprocating piston to be moving in one direction at the same time
that the working tool moves in the opposite direction. This feature
may be used to prevent the creation of forces which would cause the
operator to be unable to control the precise positioning of the
tool. If the reciprocating piston is formed as a center-seeking
device, even as it is moving in one direction, forces can be
created which will tend to move it in the opposite direction and
prevent the generation of unwieldy end-of-travel forces within the
body of the tool.
In view of the center-seeking effect of the piston, it is
considered to be quite likely that when the tool is stopped, the
final position of the piston will be at "center." Peripheral
grooves may be formed in one embodiment of the piston; the grooves
may be located so as to cooperate with passages in a surrounding
cylinder block and thus provide for the flow of air to opposite
ends of the piston for distribution of the driving force. In this
embodiment, when the piston is in the center position, the passages
and grooves will probably not be aligned and no driving can occur.
In that event, a device may be provided for creating an initial
pressure at one end of the piston to move it off center a small
amount so that driving can begin.
In this preferred embodiment, the off-centering or starting
mechanism may comprise a trigger-actuated pin having an air passage
system which temporarily allows air to be delivered to one end of
the piston as trigger actuation is initiated by the operator. As
the trigger actuation is continued still further, the starting air
passage may be closed and driving air is then delivered to the
opposite ends of the piston through the cylinder block passages and
piston grooves.
As air is delivered to each end of the piston, the air previously
delivered to the opposite end must be exhausted so that it will not
prevent movement of the piston. In this form of the present
invention, the exhaust air is passed between the stationary and
moving portions of the tool so as to create an air bearing
therebetween which greatly reduces tool wear. The passages through
which the exhausting air moves may be so arranged that the exhaust
air then enters the tool body about the cylinder block and linkage
and the interior of the tool can thus be pressurized. Airborne
particles are thus prevented from entering the tool body and
fouling the linkages. The exhausting air is allowed to escape from
the body through the normal openings at the mating surfaces of the
various portions thereof.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a reciprocating
piston may be utilized via a similarly pivoted linkage to actuate
the working tool in a similar manner; i.e., simultaneous motion of
the piston and working tool may be in opposite directions to
prevent the generation of unmanageable forces. Additionally, the
piston may also be suitably connected to a movable element which
may be utilized to oscillate a valve spool about its axis. In one
embodiment, the valve spool may comprise a cylinder-like member
having a pair of blind bores extending inwardly along the axis from
either end thereof. Each bore may be formed so as to be in
communication with a radial slot, the slots being located at
substantially 180.degree. from one another relative to the spool
axis. The valve spool may be oscillated within a valve body which
is so formed that one side of the body is in communication with air
passages leading to one end of the cylinder and the other side of
the valve body is in communication with passages leading to the
rear of the cylinder.
With structure of this type, air may enter one end of the spool
along the blind bore and leave the spool along the radial slot
which may be temporarily located on one side of the valve body.
Thus, the incoming air will be delivered to the air passages
leading to the end of the piston thus communicated therewith.
Simultaneously, the opposite end of the piston will be in
communication with the second blind bore of the spool via suitable
air passages and the radial slot which communicates with the second
blind bore. The second blind axial bore of the valve spool may be
located so as to be in constant communication with exhaust air
passages which deliver the air being exhausted from the end of the
cylinder toward which the piston is being driven in order to
pressurize the sander housing and create the air bearing therein in
a manner similar to that previously described.
With structure of this type, such a tool can be driven reciprocally
by means of a signle valve spool which is oscillated through a
linkage connected to the piston. The structure is relatively simple
and only a few relatively close tolerances need be machined to
achieve the desired results.
Thus, the present invention may be embodied in a variety of
reciprocating tools which are easy and inexpensive to produce, are
quiet, have a relatively maintenance-free long life, and provide
for the distribution of forces in such a way that tool position on
the workpiece is easily and accurately controlled by a tool
operator.
Other objects, advantages, modes, and embodiments of the present
invention will be understood by those skilled in the art when the
following Detailed Description has been read with reference to the
accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the scope of the
present invention includes all modes and embodiments thereof which
are defined by the accompanying claims and is not restricted to the
preferred embodiments shown and described.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a partial vertical section of the tool, taken along a
plane passing along the longitudinal dimension thereof;
FIG. 2 is a partial vertical section of the tool as seen along a
line II--II of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a horizontal section of the tool of FIG. 1, as seen along
the multiple plane defined by the line III--III therein;
FIG. 4 is a bottom view of a bearing plate used with the preferred
embodiment of the tool, as seen along the line IV--IV of FIG.
1;
FIG. 5 is a partial vertical section of a second preferred
embodiment of a tool embodying the present invention, taken along a
plane passing along the longitudinal dimensions thereof;
FIG. 6 is a partial horizontal section of the tool shown in FIG. 5,
as seen along a line VI--VI therein;
FIGS. 7 and 8 are partial sectional views of the tool of FIG. 5, as
seen along lines VII--VII and VIII--VIII respectively; and
FIGS. 9 and 10 are schematic illustrations of an oscillatable valve
structure which may be used to actuate a tool such as that shown in
FIG. 5 .
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to the drawings in greater detail, a tool body 11 may
be provided with a forward handle 13 and a rear handle 15 by means
of which an operator can handle and control the tool. A cylinder
block 17, having an end cover 19, can be mounted within the body 11
and formed so that a piston 21 may reciprocate therein.
A piston clevis 23 may be fastened to the piston so as to be
reciprocated therewith, and a first link 25 may be suitably
attached to the clevis 23 at one end thereof and to a pivotable
link 27 at the opposite end thereof. The pivotable link, which can
be located to pivot about a pin 29 mounted in the housing 11, may
be fastened to a second link 31 which may be also connected to a
shoe clevis 33.
Reciprocating movement of the piston 21 will thus cause the shoe
clevis to be reciprocatably moved. However, the provision of the
pivot 29 in the interconnecting linkage causes the piston and the
shoe clevis to move in opposite directions.
With structure of the type thus described, it will be quickly
realized that two significant accomplishments may be achieved
therewith. First, the degree of wear in the moving parts is
significantly reduced over the prior art devices, particularly
those devices employing a rack and pinion gear to transmit the
forces from the drive system to the working tool, since,
historically, such racks and pinions are highly susceptible to fast
wear. Additionally, a device formed in accordance with this
description will be significantly quieter than the prior art
devices since the gearing slap and play are completely eliminated.
Secondly, proper design selection of the piston and the movable
tool parts will allow them to be of substantially equal weight.
Since the piston and the movable tool parts are traveling in
opposite directions at any given instant, the resisting forces
which must be sustained by the tool operator are significantly
reduced since moments which tend to "throw" the tool from his
hands, are substantially eliminated. Consequently, the operator can
position the tool relative to the workpiece with a greater degree
of accuracy than heretofore possible since his position control
will be significantly increased.
In other words, a tool formed in accordance with this invention may
thus be provided in such a manner as to be easy to handle,
relatively quiet, and relatively free from wear.
Shoe clevis 33 may be formed and located so as to move within a
slot 37 suitably formed in a bearing plate 39 which may be suitably
fastened to the bottom of the housing 11. A shoe bar 41, carrying a
sander plate 43 to which a cushioning pad 45 and sandpaper 47 may
be suitably attached, is fastened to the clevis 33 by any suitable
means, such as screws 49 and/or rivets 51'.
As stated previously, design of the tool may be such as to cause
the mass of the piston 21 to be substantially equal to that of the
shoe bar 41, sander plate 43, and cushioning pad 45, so that the
moments generated within the tool are substantially equal, allowing
the operator to easily control the precise position of the tool on
the workpiece.
A valve body of any desired type, such as that shown at 51, may be
suitably attached to the tool by any means such as bolts 53. A
suitable valve seat 55 may be formed within the body, against which
a spherical closure ball 57 may be biased by a spring 59 contained
within a plug 61 removably fastened in the body. With the valve
illustrated, air will enter the valve body by means of a suitable
fitting 63 to which a hose (not shown) may be attached. In the
position shown in FIG. 1, air is prevented from reaching the body
of the tool when the sphere 57 is thus seated against the valve
seat 55.
In this exemplary valve structure, when the operator actuates a
trigger 67 in the handle 15 by pressing the palm of his hand
against it, a lever 69 properly located thereon may be used to
exert a force against a valve pin 71, driving the ball 57
downwardly against the force of spring 59. During the initial part
of the downward motion of the valve pin 71 and sphere 57, air from
the fitting 63 may be directed between the sphere and the valve
seat 55 into a radial slot 73 which can be suitably formed in the
lower end of the pin 71. Air entering the slot 73 may then pass
into an axial passage 75 in the valve pin, a radial passage 77,
peripheral groove 79 therein, and then into a passage 81 in the
valve body. Comparing FIGS. 1 and 2, it will be seen that air in
the passage 81 will be delivered to a cylinder compartment 83 at
one end of the piston 21, causing the piston to move toward the
left within the cylinder block 17.
As the operator continues to depress the trigger 67, if the
peripheral groove 79 is suitably located on the valve pin 71, the
continued downward movement of the valve pin will shut off
communication between the peripheral groove 79 and the passage 81.
Consequently, the air passing between the sphere and the valve seat
55 may then enter a longitudinal passage 85 suitably extending
through the valve body and the cylinder block.
When piston 21 has been moved toward the left in this exemplary
structure, the air in passage 85 may be delivered to a radial
passage 87 in the cylinder block 17, enter a peripheral groove 89
in the piston, and be transferred to a second radial passage 91 in
the block.
As shown in FIG. 3, the outer ends of all of the radial passages at
the upper portion of the cylinder block may be suitably closed to
prevent the escape of air in that area by any desired means such as
set screws, or even by the inner surface of body 11. For clarity of
illustration, however, the set screws have not been shown in FIG.
1.
Referring now to FIG. 3, air transferred to the radial passage 91
may be transferred through a second longitudinal passage 93 to a
forward radial passage 95 for delivery to a cylinder chamber 97 at
the forward end, as viewed in FIG. 1, of piston 21. Thus, the air
may be caused to act against the forward end of the piston, driving
it toward the rear, or right, as viewed in FIG. 1.
As the piston 21 is thus moved toward the rear of the tool, air in
the cylinder chamber 83 may be exhausted through a rear radial
passage 101, a third longitudinal passage 103, and a radial passage
105. Air in the passage 105 may then be exhausted through a
suitable peripheral groove 107 in the piston 21 and a forward
exhaust port 109 in the cylinder block.
As the piston reaches the center position shown in FIG. 1, the
delivery of air to the forward cylinder chamber 97 may be
discontinued and the exhausting of air from chamber 83 may also be
shut off by means of the illustrated structure. Continued movement
of the piston toward the right may be cushioned by the compression
of the remaining air in chamber 83. As the piston crosses over
center, air being delivered through the radial passage 87 may enter
the peripheral groove 107 and pass through the radial passage 105,
longitudinal passage 103, and the radial passage 101 into the
chamber 83 to drive the piston 21 toward the front of the tool. At
the time that this occurs, air in the chamber 97 may be exhausted
through the radial passage 95, longitudinal passage 93, radial
passage 91, peripheral groove 89, and a second exhaust passage 111
in the cylinder block.
Thus, air delivered to the tool may be forced to flow substantially
continuously to one of the two cylinder chambers 83 and 97, causing
the piston 21 to seek a central, balanced position. The addition of
the pressurized air to the chamber into which the piston is being
driven and the compression of the air remaining in that chamber can
cause the piston 21 to continue to reciprocate so that the force
developed is transferred through the linkage to the work-contacting
portion of the tool.
It will be realized, of course, that although the above-described
structure may be expedient in some instances, other structures may
be provided which will produce substantially the same results as
defined by the present invention. Since the piston of this device
has been illustrated, in this embodiment, as being center-seeking,
the device is also quieter and subjected to less wear since the
piston will act as a brake by the compression of the air at the end
of the cylinder toward which it is being driven. In other words, as
the piston is being driven toward one end of the cylinder, it can
be prevented from colliding with that cylinder end as a result of
the biasing force generated by the compression of air remaining
between the cylinder and the piston. It will be realized, of
course, that since the piston velocity will thus decrease at each
end of its travel at a rate which is less sudden than if the piston
were allowed to collide with the cylinder end, the material working
structure of the tool will be similarly controlled. Therefore, the
sanding shoe, in the illustrated embodiment, will be operated
through a smoother stroke and will be less susceptible to damaging
or marring the finish of the workpiece.
Referring now to FIG. 4, it can be seen that in this embodiment air
exhausting through conveniently located ports 109 and 111 in the
valve body can be directed to enter a longitudinal groove 113 in
the bearing plate which may be located so as to be in communication
with the slot 37 in which the shoe clevis 33 reciprocates. If this
expediency is utilized, the air can enter the housing 11 in the
volume surrounding the linkage 25, 27, and 31, so that the interior
of the body may thus be maintained under pressure by air which is
as clean as that delivered by the compressor.
As the internal tool body pressure builds up, air pressure may also
be exerted along a horizontal plane 115 (FIG. 2) between the
bearing plate 39 and shoe bar 41, thereby creating an air bearing
between the stationary plate 39 and the reciprocating shoe bar 41.
The air bearing may also serve to keep workpiece particles from
getting between the elements 39 and 41, thereby reducing tool wear,
if it is properly sized. The separation of the plate and bar may,
for example, be limited by a pair of brackets 117 on either side of
the tool, thereby allowing the internal pressure in the tool
housing and the air bearing to be controlled by the initial tool
design.
Referring now to FIGS. 5-10, a second mode of a device embodying
the present invention has been illustrated. In those figures, those
elements which are substantially identical to elements in the
above-described embodiment have been provided with similar
identification numerals and no further description of their
functions is necessary here.
Referring now to FIG. 5, a piston 211 may be suitably positioned
within a convenient cylinder so as to form chambers 213 and 215 at
opposite ends of the piston. Any convenient clevis 217 may be
fastened to the piston 211 and suitably connected to the linkage
25, 27, and 31 so as to activate the shoe 33 in the manner
previously described. Thus, when the piston is driven in one
direction, the shoe will move in the opposite direction, thereby
moving the shoe bar 41 in that direction, as a result of the
pivoting of link 27 about the pin 29. Consequently, the advantage
of this invention which allows the cancelation of the force moments
so as to prevent the tool from being uncontrollable may thus be
utilized in different embodiments.
Any expedient device, such as a link 219, may be fastened to the
clevis 217 and provided with suitable rack-like teeth 221 adjacent
one end thereof. Thus, as the piston reciprocates, the link or rack
219 will similarly reciprocate. The rack 219 may be utilized to
operate a conveniently located pinion gear 222. The pinion gear may
be suitably fastened to a valve spool 223 so that as the pinion
gear is rotated, the valve spool is similarly rotated.
In this exemplary embodiment, the pinion gear 222 is formed in the
shape of a ring, i.e., with a bore through the axis thereof so that
air may pass into the valve spool 223 in a manner to be described.
Although air may be delivered to the bore of the pinion gear 222 by
any suitable structure, in the illustrated embodiment the lever 69
on trigger 67 may be utilized to actuate a spring biased pin 225 to
drive the valve ball or sphere 57 away from the valve seat 55. When
this is accomplished, air from a source (not shown) may be passed
into the tool via the fitting 63, past the valve ball 57 and pin
225 and into a vertical passage 227 which is in communication with
the central bore of the pinion gear 222. The ends of the passage
227 are suitably closed off by any desired means such as cap screws
229 and 231.
It should be borne in mind that the specific structure of the valve
may, if desired, be replaced by any other suitable valve structure.
However, it will be realized that the novel valve structure to be
described will produce a highly desirable result while, at the same
time, being relatively simple.
Valve spool 223 is rotatable within a valve body 235 which is
suitably positioned within the rear end of the housing 11 and
substantially coaxial with the passage 227. Thus, as seen in FIG.
5, the valve spool and valve body are located within a coaxial
counterbore of the passage 227.
Referring now to FIGS. 9 and 10, it is seen that the valve spool
223 may be formed so as to have an upper or first blind bore 237
and a lower or second blind bore 239. Each bore may be formed so as
to end at an end wall 241 which is substantially centrally located
relative to the axis of the spool. One end of the spool is provided
with a radial passage 245 which provides communication between the
external periphery of the spool and the first blind bore 237.
Similarly, the opposite end of the valve spool is provided with a
radial slot 249 which provides communication between the spool
periphery and the second blind bore 239.
Referring now to FIG. 9 specifically, it will be seen that air
entering the upper blind bore 237 will pass through the radial
passage 245 and into a bore within the housing 11 schematically
illustrated at 251. As shown in FIG. 5, the passage 251 is in
communication with the forward chamber 215 so as to drive piston
211 into the rear chamber 213. Referring again to FIG. 9, it will
be seen that air from the chamber 213 will enter a series of
vertical and horizontal passages 253 located on the opposite side
of the valve body 235. If the valve body is formed with expediently
located dividers 257, the air from the upper blind bore 237 will
enter the passages 251, while at the same time, air being exhausted
through the passages 253 will be communicated to the lower radial
slot 249 and the second blind bore 239. Consequently, as the air is
exhausted from the lower blind bore 239, it will enter a series of
passages 259 so as to be exhausted into the interior of the body
11, thereby pressurizing the interior of the body and causing the
formation of the air bearing in a manner described relative to the
first embodiment.
Comparison of FIGS. 9 and 10 will now clearly reveal to those
skilled in the art that when the piston 211 is reciprocated nearly
to the rear of chamber 213, it will cause the valve spool 223 to
oscillate about its axis, thereby causing the upper radial slot 245
and the lower radial slot 249 to move from the positions
illustrated in FIG. 9 to that of FIG. 10. Consequently, air
entering the upper blind bore 237 will be moved through passages
253 and into the rear chamber 213. Simultaneously, the air driven
from the chamber 215 by movement of the piston 211 toward the front
of the tool will be driven through passages 251, the radial slot
249, the second blind bore 239, and the passages 259 into the
interior of the body 11.
With this description, it will now be realized by those skilled in
the art that the objects and advantages of the present invention
can be achieved by the use of a wide variety of structures of
widely differing designs. For example, in the second embodiment, a
simple valve structure has been provided in which a single movable
element, the oscillatable valve spool 223, quickly and easily
controls the direction of piston movement, the pressurization of
the interior of the housing 11 and the formation of the air bearing
between the bearing plate and shoe bar.
Consequently, with these structures, the applicant has disclosed
novel concepts which may be embodied in inexpensive,
maintenance-free hand tools which are easy to handle, which
inherently prevent the fouling of their internal mechanisms, and
which prevent the wear of their bearing surfaces by the controlled
exhaust of tool-driving air.
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