U.S. patent number 3,834,696 [Application Number 05/360,686] was granted by the patent office on 1974-09-10 for double-acting hydraulic exerciser.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Sam Rubin. Invention is credited to Donald Spector.
United States Patent |
3,834,696 |
Spector |
September 10, 1974 |
DOUBLE-ACTING HYDRAULIC EXERCISER
Abstract
A double-acting, hydraulic exerciser composed of two telescoping
tubes having handles attached to the ends thereof. The inner tube
defines a chamber which is oil-filled and encloses a piston whose
actuating rod is attached to the handle end of the outer tube. The
piston divides the chamber into right and left sections and is
provided with valves that function alternately to allow oil to pass
from the right section to the left section when the tubes are
brought together by the handles in a compression stroke, and to
allow oil to pass from the left section to the right section when
the tubes are pulled apart in an expansion stroke. Because of the
incompressibility of the oil, the motion in the compression and
expansion strokes is linear and affords uniform resistance to
motion throughout the entire length of each stroke, so that the
exercising effect is even and free of strain in both traction and
expansion.
Inventors: |
Spector; Donald (Union City,
NJ) |
Assignee: |
Sam Rubin (New York,
NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23419030 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/360,686 |
Filed: |
May 16, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
482/112 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B
21/0083 (20130101); A63B 21/00072 (20130101); A63B
21/4045 (20151001); A63B 21/0004 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63B
21/008 (20060101); A63b 023/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;272/79R,79C
;188/315 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Pinkham; Richard C.
Assistant Examiner: Taylor; Joseph R.
Claims
What I claim is:
1. A double-acting hydraulic exerciser which in operation is even
and free of strain in both tension and traction, said exerciser
comprising:
A. inner and outer tubes in telescoping relationship, the inner
tube defining a chamber which is oil-filled and encloses a piston,
said inner tube having a storage cavity surrounding said chamber
and a valve interposed between the chamber and the cavity to allow
oil to pass in both directions, said tubes being formed of
relatively light weight material incapable of supporting loads
substantially beyond that imposed by a human user and having
lengths such that when the tubes are fully extended, the distance
between handles attached to the ends thereof is substantially equal
to the distance between the outstretched hands of a typical
user;
B. a piston rod extending between said piston and the end of said
outer tube, said piston dividing said chamber into right and left
sections and being provided with valves that function alternately
to allow oil to pass from the right section to the left section
when the tubes are brought together in a compression stroke, and to
allow oil to pass from the left section to the right section when
the tubes are pulled apart in an expansion stroke, the compression
and expansion strokes being linear throughout their lengths;
and
C. a pair of hand-grippable handles attached to the ends of said
tubes whereby said strokes may be effected manually by said
user.
2. An exerciser as set forth in claim 1 wherein the surface of the
inner tube is graduated to indicate the extent to which the tubes
are pulled apart or brought together.
3. An exerciser as set forth in claim 1 wherein said tubes are made
of high-strength plastic material.
4. An exerciser as set forth in claim 1 wherein said tubes are
fabricated of aluminum.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to manual exercisers suitable for
athletic and therapeutic purposes, and more particularly to a
double-acting, isometric exerciser which requires an evenly-applied
muscular force to effect compression or expansion.
One widely-used form of exerciser is constituted by an elongated
coil spring or elastomeric band terminating in handles at either
end. In order to stretch the spring or band, the user must exert a
muscular force. Such exercisers and variations thereof are useful
for chest expansion and arm muscle development. However, spring or
elastomeric types of exercisers have distinct limitations, for they
can only function unidirectionally.
A muscular force is required to expand the spring but when the
spring is fully expanded, it must be released to permit it to
recover its original length. Hence, the benefit to the user is
restricted in that the muscles normally involved in traction are
not developed by the exerciser, whereas those involved in expansion
may become overdeveloped. This disparate type of muscular
development is objectionable.
Another serious drawback characteristic of spring-type exercisers
is that the resistance afforded to motion is not constant inasmuch
as the tension of the spring varies with its degree of deformation.
Thus, spring tension may initially be weak, but as the spring is
pulled apart by the exerciser, its tension may increase beyond the
aility of the user to stretch it without undue exertion.
In those instances where the exerciser is intended for physical
therapy, as with patients having cardiovascular or other medical
problems in which gentle forms of exercise are indicated, an uneven
resistance to motion may be somewhat dangerous to the patient. When
mild exercise is prescribed, it is important that the exerciser
create no undue strain, and to this end it is vital that the
resistance to motion imposed by the exerciser be even thoughout the
stroke, without abrupt changes or jerkiness.
Because the limitations of spring-type exercisers have been
recognized, various forms of pneumatically and hydraulically
operated exercising devices have been proposed to provide better
control of the resistance to motion. But exercisers of the type
heretofore suggested do not produce a linear stroke in both tension
and traction, and their resistance to motion is uneven,
particularly in the case of pneumatic types which make use of
compressible air.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the foregoing, it is the principal object of this
invention to provide a double-acting isometric exerciser which
offers substantially uniform resistance to motion throughout the
entire length of its compression and expansion strokes and which
requires an evenly applied muscular force to effect such motion in
either direction of movement.
More specifically, an object of this invention is to provide a
bi-directional exerciser of the above-noted type, which operates
hyraulically with an incompressible fluid.
Among the significant advantages of the invention are that the
exerciser avoids undue strain arising out of uneven force
resistance characteristics and affords a linear action which
accelerates muscular development or rehabilitation. In a typical
spring-type exerciser which inherently functions only in the
expansion-mode, the force resistance attains an optimum level
during a small portion of the total expansion stroke, whereas in
the present invention, this optimum level is maintained in both
directions in the course of the full stroke.
A salient feature of the invention is that the hydraulic exerciser
is of simple, compact construction and is useable in a variety of
exercising positions either by individuals or by couples.
Briefly stated, these objects are attained in a double-acting
exerciser comprising inner and outer telescoping tubes whose ends
have handles attached thereto, whereby the tubes may be pulled
apart or brought together. The inner tube defines a chamber which
is oil-filled and encloses a piston whose actuating rod is attached
to the handle-end of the outer tube so that as the tubes are
brought together the piston shifts axially to vary the ratio
between the left and right sections of the chamber or either side
of the piston.
The piston is provided with valves that function alternately to
allow oil to pass from the right section to the left section when
the tubes are brought together by the handles in the compression
stroke, and to allow oil to pass from the left section to the right
section when the tubes are pulled apart in the expansion stroke.
Because of the incompressibility of the oil, the motion in the
course of both strokes is linear and affords uniform damping or
resistance to motion throughout the entire stroke length, so that
the exercising effect is even and free of strain in both expansion
and traction.
OUTLINE OF THE DRAWINGS
For a better understanding of the invention as well as other
objects and features thereof, reference is made to the following
detailed description to be read in conjunction with the
accompanying drawing wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a double-acting exerciser in
accordance with the invention, shown at the end of the expansion
stroke;
FIG. 2 is an elevation view of the exerciser shown at the end of
the compression stroke;
FIG. 3 is a section taken through the exerciser in the course of
the compression stroke; and
FIG. 4 is a section taken through the exerciser in the course of
the expansion stroke.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to the drawings, there is shown a double-acting,
hydraulic, isometric exerciser in accordance with the invention and
including two interfitting tubes 10 and 11. The tubes may be made
of a light weight metal such as aluminum or a synthetic plastic
material such as high strength nylon or polypropylene.
The diameter of inner tube 11 is smaller than that of outer tube 10
so that tube 10 telescopes within tube 11. Attached to the end of
the tube 10 is a single-grip type handle 12 and attached to the end
of tube 11 is an identical handle 13. As shown in FIG. 1, the tubes
may be pulled apart by the user by grasping their handles and
moving the hands away from each other, or as shown in FIG. 2 the
tubes may be brought together by moving the hands toward each
other.
In practice, a single user yay operate the exerciser, or a couple
may exercise, each holding one handle. To facilitate exercise by
couples, the handles, instead of being in grip form, as shown, may
take the form of handle bars, so that each individual may grasp the
handle bar with both hands.
As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, inner tube 11 is sealed at both
ends to define a chamber which is oil-filled, preferably with a
light-weight oil. Disposed within the chamber is a piston 14 whose
actuating rod 15 projects from the end of the inner tube and is
attached to the handle-end of the outer tube 10. Piston 14 is
provided with flap-valves 16 of the type used in standard
automotive shock absorbers. These valves alternately allow oil to
pass through the piston in one direction only and act effectively
as a throttle valve to produce a damping action resisting the
compression of the exerciser and the expansion thereof.
When piston 14 travels to the right, the oil is forced through a
flap valve (or through holes) into the left-hand section of the
chamber, and when the piston moves back to the left, the oil flows
through another valve back into the righthand section. The
left-hand section of the chamber is somewhat smaller than the
right-hand section even when the piston is positioned at the center
of the chamber, due to the presence of the piston rod in the left
hand section. It is necessary therefore, to provide a storage
cavity 17 to compensate for this inequality.
The arrangement is such that when compression occurs, as shown in
FIG. 1, oil passes through a spring-biased valve 18 into the
storage cavity 17 which surrounds the main chamber, the valve
allowing oil to pass in both directions. However, valve 18 is
designed to present a higher flow resistance in compression, for
then the oil is not discharged through the orifice of the valve but
is forced through the narrow gaps of plates. On expansion, the oil
which was forced into the storage cavity, flows back into the
chamber through the valve orifice without encountering much
resistance.
The double-acting exerciser may be used to carry out various
exercising functions. For example, for chest expansion, the
exerciser is held by an individual across his chest and the tubes
are pulled outward. This affords exercise similar to spring-type
chest developers, save for the fact that there is a linearity to
the stroke yielding a more even and faster development.
This exercise can be varied in its degree of difficulty by the
extent to which the arms are extended in front of the body. For
this purpose, the inner tube may have graduations inscribed thereon
which are readable against the end of the outer tube to provide an
indication of the degree to which the tubes are brought together or
extended relative to each other. To effect complete tension, the
exerciser involves the forearm muscles as well as the biceps and
muscles of the chest. Compression builds up muscles in the chest to
give increased strength and to improve the chest build.
For forearm development, the exerciser is held with arms straight
behind the back and is pulled back and forth. And in shoulder
development, the exerciser is held behind the neck and pulled back
and forth. Obviously, various exercising positions are possible for
individual muscular development and therapy.
The exerciser lends itself to use by couples or teams. Thus for
stomach development, two people may sit facing one another with
their knees bent and the soles of their feet pushed up against each
other. The exerciser is held by one person at each end, with arms
straight. The exerciser is then pushed in and out without bending
of the arms.
For group exercising, three or more hydraulic elements may be
joined in shunt relation to bar type handles at either end, so that
a team of people on either end may exercise together. It is also
possible to hook one end of an exerciser to an anchor plate. And to
exercise by holding the handle and the other end and then
alternately pulling away and toward the anchor plate.
While there have been described preferred embodiments of a
Double-Acting Hydraulic Exerciser, it will be obvious that many
changes and modifications are possible without departing from the
essential spirit of the invention.
* * * * *