U.S. patent number 3,834,387 [Application Number 05/279,614] was granted by the patent office on 1974-09-10 for breech loaded syringe with deformable piston.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Sherwood Medical Industries, Inc.. Invention is credited to Alexander M. Brown.
United States Patent |
3,834,387 |
Brown |
September 10, 1974 |
BREECH LOADED SYRINGE WITH DEFORMABLE PISTON
Abstract
A plunger assembly for a syringe adapted to be filled through
the breech end of the syringe barrel including a piston rod having
a piston on the distal end thereof for insertion into the breech
end of the barrel, and a piston control member slidable in an
opening in the piston rod and engageable with the interior of the
piston to stretch the piston and provide a vent passage around the
piston during movement of the piston and piston rod in the barrel.
Medicament is introduced into the syringe barrel to the desired
level and the plunger rod and control member are moved relative to
each other to stretch and deform the piston. The deformed piston is
then moved in the syringe barrel to a desired position and released
by the control member into sealing engagement with the barrel.
Inventors: |
Brown; Alexander M. (Daytona
Beach, FL) |
Assignee: |
Sherwood Medical Industries,
Inc. (St. Louis, MO)
|
Family
ID: |
23069709 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/279,614 |
Filed: |
August 10, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
604/125; 141/27;
604/222 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
5/31513 (20130101); A61M 5/1782 (20130101); A61M
2005/3123 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61M
5/315 (20060101); A61M 5/31 (20060101); A61m
005/22 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/218P,218PA,219,215,216,220,234,218R ;141/27 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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|
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|
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373,594 |
|
Apr 1923 |
|
DD |
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1,500,009 |
|
Sep 1967 |
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FR |
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Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: McGowan; J. C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Garber; Stanley N. O'Meara; William
R.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A syringe comprising a barrel defining a fluid chamber having an
opening at the rearward end thereof for receiving a medicament, a
plunger assembly axially movable in said chamber and including a
hollow resilient piston disposed in said chamber and having an
opening at the rearward end thereof, a forward end wall, and an
annular side wall portion with peripheral sealing means thereon for
sealing and sliding engagement with said chamber, and a piston rod
extending into said hollow piston and connected to said rearward
end to manipulate said piston in said chamber during operational
use of the syringe, said piston rod extending into said piston
through said opening and having an axial bore extending
therethrough from the forward end to the rearward end, and piston
control means extending through said bore and having a forward end
engageable with the interior of said forward end wall of said
piston, said control means including a control rod portion disposed
in and axially slideable in said bore along a straight line to a
forward position in response to applied forces thereon to move said
forward end wall of said piston forwardly relative to the rearward
end of said piston to stretch said piston and reduce the diameter
of said annular side wall portion to thereby move at least a
portion of said peripheral sealing means radially inwardly from
said chamber to provide a fluid bypass passage between the forward
and rearward ends of said piston for venting a portion of said
chamber forward of said piston during movement of said piston in
said chamber, said control rod portion being axially slideable in a
rearward direction relative to said forward end wall to remove said
control means from said piston rod and to release said stretched
piston and allow the resiliency thereof to return said forward end
wall rearwardly and said peripheral sealing portion radially
outwardly into sealing engagement with said chamber, said piston
being movable thereafter in said chamber in response to applied
forces on said piston rod during operational use of the
syringe.
2. The syringe of claim 1 wherein the length of said control means
is greater than the length of said piston rod and has a rearward
end rearwardly of said piston rod for receiving said applied forces
thereon.
3. The syringe of claim 2 wherein said barrel, said piston rod, and
said control means each have laterally extending flange means
thereon at the rearward ends thereof for facilitating manual
actuation thereof.
4. The syringe of claim 3 wherein said piston rod has a head
portion at its forward end disposed within said piston and has an
annular groove adjacent the rearward end of said head portion for
receiving the rearward end portion of said piston to secure said
piston to said piston rod, said annular walls being stretched in an
axial direction relative to said head to provide said fluid bypass
passage.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to syringes and more particularly to
syringes of the type which are filled from the breech end, and to
the method of filling such syringes.
In conventional syringes, the barrel of the syringe is filled to a
desired level through the needle connected to its distal end. Such
a method of filling the syringe is undesirable if the filled
syringe is to be stored for subsequent use. For example, there is
danger that the needle tip will become clogged by dried medicament
unless the syringe is used soon after filling. Also, there is
danger of contamination of the medicament either by contact with
other members or by air.
One method of filling syringes from the breech end is disclosed in
the Gettig, et al, patents, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,391,671 and 3,470,671.
These patents disclose a process and apparatus which include the
use of an automatic machine having a reciprocating rod and sleeve
which move the piston into the breech end of the filled syringe
barrel to a desired location in the barrel with the sleeve
providing a vent around the piston to avoid trapping air between
the piston and the medicament. The rod and sleeve, which are part
of the machine, are then retracted from the barrel leaving the
piston sealingly engaged with the barrel. When it is desired to use
the syringe, a piston rod must be attached to the piston to enable
the user to manipulate the piston, for example, to discharge
medicament from the barrel. Some of the disadvantages of this
method and apparatus are that relatively expensive machinery is
required, and such a method does not readily lend itself to filling
operations where only a relatively few syringes are to be filled at
a time or where a relatively few syringes are to be filled to
different levels.
A method of filling syringes which permits the economical filling
of syringes from the breech end is disclosed in the copending
application of Marvin D. Stumpf and Elmer A. Koenig, entitled
"Breech Loaded Syringe and Method of Breech Loading Syringes," Ser.
No. 860,223, filed Sept. 23, 1969, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,705,582 and
assigned to the assignee of the present invention. The disclosed
syringe of this copending application includes a plunger assembly
having a sheath around the plunger that slides axially over the
piston to temporarily compress the same and provide a vent passage
for the escape of air around the piston as the plunger assembly is
inserted into the barrel of the syringe. The piston and sheath may
be operated manually to insert the piston. After the plunger
assembly is positioned in the desired location, the sheath is moved
in an opposite direction to release the piston into sealing
engagement with the bore. This same plunger is conveniently used to
manipulate the piston during operational use of the syringe. While
such a syringe has proven quite satisfactory, some difficulty has
been found in initially inserting the piston within the sleeve
while insuring against any contamination of the piston preparatory
to insertion of the plunger assembly into the syringe barrel. This
problem is avoided by use of an arming cap disclosed in copending
application of Elmer A. Koenig, entitled "Arming Cap for Breech
Loaded Syringe," Ser. No. 78,767, filed Oct. 7, 1970, now U.S. Pat.
No. 3,707,968 and assigned to the assignee of the present
invention. The arming cap enables the user to cause the surrounding
sleeve to deform the piston preparatory to insertion into the
barrel without touching the piston. The arming cap also provides a
predetermined positioning to the proper location for efficiently
deforming the piston. While the cap may be economically formed of a
plastic material, it is an additional member, and the user is
required to use both hands in effecting deformation of the
piston.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a
syringe having an improved plunger assembly permitting the filling
of the syringe through its breech end while avoiding the
above-mentioned disadvantages.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved
method of introducing fluid into the breech end of a syringe and
for installing the plunger and piston assembly therein.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an
improved plunger assembly for use in syringes of the breech-filled
type.
In accordance with one form of the present invention, a plunger
assembly includes an elongate member having an opening
therethrough, a piston disposed on one end of the elongate member,
and a piston control member movable in the opening and adapted to
urge the piston into a deformed condition in response to relative
movement between the control member and the elongate member for
providing a vent passage across the piston during movement of the
elongate member and piston in the barrel of the syringe.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, an
improved method of filling a syringe from the breech end is
provided which includes the steps of providing a piston carrying
member with a piston connected to one end thereof and a piston
control member extending in the piston, effecting relative movement
between the piston carrying member and the control member to deform
the piston, and inserting the piston carrying member, the piston
control member, and the piston into the barrel of a syringe and,
with the piston deformed, moving the same to a desired level, and
then effecting relative movement between the piston carrying member
and the piston control member to allow the piston to move into
sealing engagement with the syringe barrel.
These as well as other features and advantages of the present
invention will be apparent from the following detailed description
and accompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional elevational view of a syringe and
plunger assembly in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the
present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional elevational view showing the syringe
barrel and plunger assembly of FIG. 1 with the piston in sealing
engagement with the bore of the syringe barrel; and
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 3--3 of FIG.
1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawing, a hypodermic syringe, generally
designated at 10, is shown, for example, as a sliding needle type
syringe including a conventional tubular syringe barrel 12 defining
a fluid chamber 14 open at the proximal or breech end 16 thereof.
There is also provided at the breech end an annular flange or
finger grip 17. Chamber 14 has a distal or forward end 18 closed by
a conventional connector 20 for attaching a hub and needle assembly
22 which may also be of conventional construction.
The connector 20 includes a metal connection member 24 and a seal
26, such as a rubber diaphragm, disposed between the distal end 18
of the barrel 12 and an interior wall of the connection member 24.
The connection member 24 is secured by forming, such as by
crimping, its proximal or rearward end over a barrel shoulder 27
provided by a neck 28 of reduced diameter at the distal end of the
barrel.
The assembly 22 includes a needle cannula 29 and a hub 30 secured
thereto which engages and is slidable on an axially extending shaft
portion 25 of the connecting member 24. The needle and hub assembly
22 is movable between a position in which the needle 29 is disposed
within the connecting member 24 with the pointed proximal end
thereof disposed axially forward or distally of the diaphragm
member 26 such as shown in the drawing, and a position in which the
proximal end of the needle has pierced the diaphragm 26 and the
needle is in fluid communication with the chamber 14.
The syringe 10 also includes a plunger assembly indicated generally
at 31 and shown disposed partially in the chamber 14 in FIG. 1. The
assembly 31 includes a piston rod 34 with a resilient piston 36
connected to its distal end, and a piston control member or rod 38
disposed in an axially extending opening or bore 40 in the piston
rod 34. As shown in the drawings, the bore 40 extends along the
longitudinal axis of the piston rod.
Piston rod 34 may be formed of plastic, or other suitable material,
and is shown having a head 42 at its distal end which is frusto
conical in cross-section for easy insertion into hollow piston 36.
The head 42 provides a groove 44 in the piston rod between the main
body portion of the piston rod 34 and the proximal end of the head
for receiving, in tight frictional engagement therewith, the
proximal end portion of piston 36.
The piston 36 is of elastic and resilient material, such as rubber,
and is formed hollow so that it has a chamber 46 having interior
walls 48. The chamber 46 is closed by a distal end wall portion 47
and open at its proximal end by an opening 49 of reduced diameter
for receiving the head 42 of the piston rod 34. The proximal end of
head 42 provides an annular shoulder 45 which is greater in
diameter than piston opening 49 so as to maintain the piston and
piston rod secured together. Piston 36 is also provided with a pair
of axially spaced radially outer, annular sealing surfaces or rings
50 and 51 adapted to sealingly engage the chamber walls of barrel
12, as seen in FIG. 2.
Bore 40 in piston rod 34 is shown cylindrical, and extends entirely
through the piston rod, including the head 42 thereof. The piston
control member 38, which is shown in FIG. 1 extending entirely
through bore 40 from the distal end to the proximal end, is longer
than the piston rod 34 so that the proximal end thereof extends
outwardly of the proximal end of the piston rod. As more clearly
seen in FIG. 3, the bore 40 and control member 38 are circular in
cross-section and the member 38 is guided for sliding movement by
the walls of bore 40. In the drawing, the proximal end of control
member 38 is provided with an annular flange 53 while the piston
rod 34 is provided with a flange 52 at its proximal end so that the
control member and piston rod are readily manually manipulated, as
will be more fully explained hereinafter.
In filling the syringe 10, the barrel 12 is positioned in an
upright position with the breech end 16 above the distal end 18
thereof, such as shown in FIG. 1, and before the plunger and piston
control assembly 31 is inserted into the barrel 12, medicament,
such as liquid medicament indicated at 56, is introduced into the
breech end 16 to fill the barrel to a desired predetermined level.
The assembly 31, for example, is then hand grasped with the thumb
on the proximal or outer surface of the piston control member
flange 53, and the index and adjacent fingers under the piston rod
flange 52. With the assembly 31 held in this manner, manual forces
are applied to urge the flanges 52 and 53 toward each other so that
the lower or distal end, indicated at 60, of the control member 38
moves in a distal direction relative to the piston rod 34. The
distal end 60 engages the interior walls 48 of piston 36 at the
distal end wall portion 47 at the longitudinal axis of the barrel
12 to deform the piston. As apparent from FIG. 1, control rod 38
stretches or extends the piston 36 to deform it. Piston 36 is shown
secured essentially only at the proximal end portion thereof and
when stretched by rod 38, shoulder 45 of the head 42 assists in
holding the proximal end portion in place while other portions of
piston 36 are axially slidable and extendable relative to the
head.
As the piston 36 becomes longer due to such stretching, the outer
diameter of the main portion thereof becomes smaller with the outer
periphery including the sealing rings 50 and 51 moving radially
inwardly to produce axially extending fluid bypass passages, such
as shown at 66, across piston 36 to vent the chamber 14 during
movement of the piston therein. By holding the piston rod 34 and
control member 38 in the relative position shown in FIG. 1, and
moving the same in chamber 14, the piston and piston rod are
readily moved toward the liquid 56 since the chamber portion
forward or distally of the piston 36 is vented by passages 66 to
atmosphere.
With the piston 36 deformed, the plunger is easily moved in either
direction within chamber 14 without trapping and compressing air or
creating a suction force. The piston 36 may be deformed before or
after the plunger 32 is inserted into the breech end of the barrel
12.
After the piston is positioned at a desired location in chamber 14,
such as adjacent to or in contact with the liquid 56, the applied
forces tending to hold the piston rod 34 and control member 38 in
their relative positions shown in FIG. 1, are released and the
resilient force of rubber piston 36 causes the piston to shorten
and become larger in diameter so that the seal rings 50 and 51 move
radially outwardly from the stretched or deformed position (FIG. 1)
into sealing engagement with the barrel 12, as shown in FIG. 2. The
control member 38 may be removed from the plunger assembly 31 by
moving it axially rearwardly from the bore 40 in the piston rod 34
and either disposed of or utilized in the manner described above in
another plunger assembly similar to plunger assembly 31.
With the medicament sealed in barrel 12 between the seal 26 and
piston 36 as shown in FIG. 2, the filled syringe can be readily
transported for use or storage as desired. The syringe may, of
course, be filled and stored with or without a hub and needle
assembly, such as assembly 22, attached thereto. When it is desired
to use the filled syringe, the hub and needle assembly 22 is moved
relative to barrel 12 so that the proximal pointed end of needle 29
pierces the diaphragm 26 to position the needle in fluid
communication with the liquid 56. The syringe is shown in FIG. 2
without control rod 38 and in condition to be used to discharge the
medicament 56 from the barrel 12 through the distal end thereof,
for example, to inject the medicament into a patient. The
medicament 56 may be discharged, after needle 29 is moved through
seal 26, by using the plunger rod 34 in the usual manner during
operational use of the syringe 10, that is, by placing the thumb on
the flange 52 and two fingers under the barrel flange 17 and moving
these flanges toward one another. Aspiration of course may also be
effected by moving the piston rod 34 in a proximal direction
relative to the barrel 12.
The plunger assembly 31 is thus readily introduced into the breech
end of the barrel 12 without trapping or compressing air by merely
effecting relative movement between the piston rod 34 and the
control member 38 to stretch the piston 36 to produce the vent
passages axially across the piston, and the piston may be inserted
to any desired position within the chamber 14 by using only one
hand. The piston 36 is placed in sealing engagement with the
syringe barrel by merely releasing the forces required to deform
the piston in effecting the desired venting. Since many of the
parts of syringe 10, including control rod 38, may be economically
formed of plastic material, the syringe may be of the single-use
type. Also, where desired, the control member 38 may be a permanent
part of a filling device such as at a manually operable filling
station.
While a preferred form of the invention has been shown and
described herein, it will be understood by those skilled in the art
that various changes and modifications thereto may be made without
departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *