U.S. patent number 3,834,046 [Application Number 05/348,901] was granted by the patent office on 1974-09-10 for shoe sole structure.
Invention is credited to Donald M. Fowler.
United States Patent |
3,834,046 |
Fowler |
September 10, 1974 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
SHOE SOLE STRUCTURE
Abstract
A cushioning structure for footwear is interposed between the
insole of the shoe and the ground-engaging sole and includes upper
and lower sheets having a plurality of complementary and aligned
protrusions and openings therebetween, the sheets being separated
by an elastic diaphragm which will yieldingly resist the movement
of the protrusions into the openings when the sole is compressed
against the upper part of the shoe.
Inventors: |
Fowler; Donald M. (Golden,
CO) |
Family
ID: |
23370053 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/348,901 |
Filed: |
April 9, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
36/28;
36/30R |
Current CPC
Class: |
A43B
13/181 (20130101); A43B 13/185 (20130101); A43B
13/203 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A43B
13/18 (20060101); A43B 13/20 (20060101); A43b
013/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;36/3R,31,3A,32R,28 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lawson; Patrick D.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a shoe having an upper foot-enclosing portion and a
ground-engaging sole, the improvement comprising an intermediate
cushioning structure between said upper portion and said
ground-engaging sole, said intermediate structure having a first
sheet, a plurality of spaced male protrusions extending away from a
face of said first sheet, a second sheet substantially parallel to
said first sheet having a plurality of openings therein aligned
with said protrusions, and an elastic membrane between said first
and second sheets to yieldingly resist movement of said protrusions
into the aligned openings when a compressive force is applied to
the shoe sole.
2. In a shoe having an upper foot-enclosing portion and a
ground-engaging sole, the improvement comprising an intermediate
cushioning structure between said upper portion and said
ground-engaging sole, said intermediate structure having elongated
upper and lower sheets, one of said sheets having a plurality of
spaced male protrusions directed toward the other sheet and the
other sheet having a plurality of spaced female indentations
opening toward said one sheet and aligned with said protrusions,
and an elastic diaphragm between said upper and lower sheets to
yieldingly resist movement of said protrusions into the aligned
indentations when a compressive force is applied to the shoe
sole.
3. In the shoe of claim 2, wherein said one sheet overlies the
diaphragm so that the male protrusions are directed downwardly and
wherein said other sheet underlies the diaphragm so that the
indentations open upwardly.
4. In the shoe of claim 2, further including an elastic band
extending peripherally around the intermediate structure to connect
the upper and lower sheets on opposite sides of the diaphragm.
5. In the shoe of claim 3, wherein said upper sheet is generally
planar and wherein said male protrustions comprise elongated ribs
extending transversely of the upper sheet. protrusions
6. In the shoe of claim 5, wherein said ribs define elongated
channels therebetween, each of said channels opening at the sides
of the upper sheet.
7. In the shoe of claim 3, wherein said lower sheet is generally
planar and wherein said female indentations comprise elongated
recesses extending transversely of the lower sheet.
8. In the shoe of claim 7, wherein said recesses terminate at
spaced locations from the sides of the lower sheet so that each
recess is closed at both ends.
9. In the shoe of claim 7, wherein said upper sheet is generally
planar and wherein said male protrusions comprise elongated ribs
extending transversely of the upper sheet, and wherein said
recesses are at least as long as said ribs.
10. In the shoe of claim 9, wherein said diaphragm is generally
planar and has a downturned flange along its perimeter, and wherein
said flange is adapted to peripherally engage the sides of the
lower sheet.
11. In the shoe of claim 10, wherein each of said upper and lower
sheets are composed of flexible material.
12. In the shoe of claim 1, wherein said elastic sheet encloses
said channels defining a plurality of closed compartments, and
further including means for allowing air to be compressed into said
closed compartments to increase the resistance to the protrusions
forcing the elastic sheet into the channels.
13. In the shoe of claim 12, wherein said means for allowing air to
be compressed into said closed compartments includes valve means in
said second sheet providing selected fluid communication with one
of said closed chambers and apertures means in said second sheet
communicating with adjacent closed compartments to allow compressed
air to be introduced through said valve means to flow into the
respective compartments.
14. In the shoe of claim 1, wherein said elastic sheet is integral
with said second sheet.
15. In a shoe having an upper foot enclosing portion, an insole
defining a bottom foot engaging surface of the upper portion and a
ground-engaging sole, the improvement comprising an intermediate
structure having a flexible generally planar upper sheet conforming
in configuration to the configuration of the insole, adhesive means
bonding the upper sheet to the insole, said upper sheet having a
plurality of longitudinally spaced transversely extending ribs of
substantially rectangular transverse cross-section depending
therefrom and defining passages therebetween which open at each end
through the sides of the upper sheet, a flexible generally planar
lower sheet conforming in configuration to the upper sheet, said
lower sheet having a plurality of longitudinally spaced
transversely extending upwardly opening recesses of substantially
rectangular transverse cross-section, said recesses having a larger
cross-sectional size than said ribs and being vertically aligned
with said ribs, each of said recesses having closed ends so as to
define segregated compartments, adhesive means bonding the lower
sheet to the ground-engaging sole, an elastic generally planar
diaphragm conforming in configuration to the upper sheet, said
diaphragm having a peripheral downturned flange and being disposed
between said upper sheet and said lower sheet so that said flange
peripherally engages the lower sheet and so that when a compressive
force is applied to the shoe sole the diaphragm will yieldingly
resist movement of said ribs into said recesses, and an elastic
band extending peripherally around said intermediate structure as
well as said inner sole and said ground-engaging sole to operably
connect said intermediate structure to the insole and
ground-engaging sole.
16. In the shoe of claim 15, further including valve means in said
lower sheet communicating with one of said compartments and
apertures means in said lower sheet communicating with adjacent
compartments whereby air can be compressed into the compartments to
increase the resistance to movement of the ribs into the
compartments.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to footwear and more
particularly relates to a novel and improved cushioning sole
separating the insole from the ground-engaging sole of the
shoe.
Numerous attempts have been made to design cushioning soles for
footwear in order to prevent the feet from tiring particularly
after standing or walking over extended periods of time. In
accordance with the present invention, it is desirable to provide
for a more efficient, controlled absorption of the compressive
forces generated in standing, walking, running and the like.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a
cushioning sole for footwear which efficiently absorbs compressive
forces applied thereto in minimizing foot fatigue.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a
cushioning sole for footwear which efficiently absorbs compressive
forces, which minimizes foot fatigue, and also provides a certain
rebound action which allows a person to walk or run with less
effort.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a
laminated sole structure for footwear incorporating improved
cushioning characteristics to minimize foot fatigue.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a
cushioning structure for footwear which yieldingly resists the
movement of protrusions in the structure into aligned complementary
openings in the structure to thereby absorb compressive forces
applied to the sole of the footwear.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a
cushioning structure for footwear having spaced flexible sheets,
one having protrusions directed toward the other sheet and the
other having complementary openings aligned with the protrusions on
the first sheet and including an elastic diaphragm or membrane
between the two sheets whereby compression of the sheets will cause
the protrusions to be forced against the elastic diaphragm pressing
the diaphragm into the aligned openings to absorb the force.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an
improved cushioning structure adapted to be incorporated between
the upper portion and ground-engaging sole of footwear wherein the
cushioning structure has an upper flexible sheet with downwardly
directed protrusions, a lower sheet with upwardly opening
indentations aligned with the protrusions and an elastic diaphragm
separating the upper sheet from the lower sheet whereby forces
applied against the upper or lower sheets will cause the
protrusions on the upper sheet to force the diaphragm into the
indentation in the lower sheet to absorb the forces.
In attaining the foregoing and other objects of the present
invention, a laminated strucure having spaced surfaces separated by
an elastic membrane and air pockets is included between the upper
portion of a shoe and the ground-engaging sole to absorb
compressive forces applied to the sole. The compressive forces are
absorbed by limited movement of the spaced surfaces toward each
other forcing the elastic membrane into the air pockets in
yieldingly resisting the movement. More specifically, in a
preferred embodiment the laminated cushioning structure includes
facing upper and lower sheets of flexible material, one sheet
having a plurality of protrusions directed toward the other sheet
and the other sheet having a plurality of aligned complementary
indentations opening toward the one sheet with an elastic membrane
separating the two sheets in yieldingly resisting and limiting
movement of the protrusions into the aligned indentations dependent
upon the compressive force applied against one of the sheets. The
resistance to the movement of the protrusions against the elastic
membrane in pressing the elastic membrane into the indentations is
primarily dependent upon the elasticity of the diaphragm but can
further be regulated by the pressure of the air in the pockets
formed between the indentations and the elastic membrane to modify
the resistance to the movement of the membrane into the
indentations.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other objects, advantages and capabilities of the present invention
will become more apparent as the description proceeds taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a partially-sectioned perspective view with parts broken
away of a shoe incorporating the sole structure of the present
invention,
FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical section taken through
the shoe of FIG. 1,
FIGS. 3A through 3C are enlarged fragmentary operational views
showing the cooperation of the laminations of the sole structure of
the present invention in absorbing forces,
FIG. 4 is an exploded view showing the various laminations in the
sole structure and their relation to the shoe,
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary exploded partially-sectioned side elevation
showing a second embodiment of the sole structure of the present
invention,
FIG. 6 is an exploded side elevation similar to FIG. 5 showing
still another embodiment of the sole structure of the present
invention, and
FIG. 7 is an exploded side elevation similar to FIG. 5 showing
still another embodiment of the sole structure of the present
invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring first to FIG. 1, a shoe 10 is shown having an upper
portion 12, an insole 14, and a ground-engaging or wearing sole 16
with the intermediate or laminated cushioning structure 18 of the
present invention interposed between the insole 14 and the
ground-engaging sole 16 and enclosed therein by an outer
surrounding closure portion 21.
The laminated characteristics of the intermediate structure 18 are
best seen in FIG. 2 to include an upper sheet 20, a lower sheet 22,
and an intermediate membrane or diaphragm 24 separating the upper
and lower sheets. The upper sheet 20, as shown in FIG. 4, comprises
a substantially oval planar sheet of flexible material, such as a
40-60 shore rubber or rubber-like material conforming in
configuration to the insole 14 of the shoe. The upper sheet 20 has
a plurality of longitudinally spaced transversely extending
elongated protrusions or ribs 26 arranged in closely spaced,
parallel relation to one another and extending downwardly from the
lower surface 28 of the sheet 20. The protrusions 26 are best seen
in FIG. 4 and in the operational views of FIGS. 3A through 3C to be
somewhat rectangular in transverse cross-section having slightly
downwardly and inwardly tapering side surfaces 30 and a convex
bottom surface 32. The elongated transversely extending protrusions
26 terminate at locations spaced slightly inwardly from side edges
34 of the upper sheet and define passages 36 therebetween which
open adjacent to the side edges of the upper sheet. As will be
explained more fully later, the protrusions 26 are adapted to
cooperate with the lower sheet 22 and the diaphragm 24 in absorbing
compressive forces applied to the sole of the shoe. The rounded toe
and heel portions of the upper sheet 20 are solid defining
reinforcing curved end sections 38 and 40 respectively which more
than double the thickness on the upper sheet at these locations,
best seen in FIG. 4.
The lower sheet 22, as best seen in FIG. 4, also comprises a
substantially oval planar sheet, slightly larger than the upper
sheet 20, conforming in configuration to the insole 14 of the shoe
and preferably being composed of the same flexible material as the
upper sheet. The upper face 42 of the lower sheet 22 contains a
plurality of longitudinally spaced transversely extending elongated
indentations or recesses 44 which terminate at locations spaced
inwardly from the side edges 45 of the lower sheet so as to be
closed at both ends. The indentations are vertically aligned with
the protrusions 26 on the upper sheet and define partition ridges
46 therebetween. The indentations 44 can be seen in FIGS. 3A
through 3C to also be substantially rectangular in transverse
cross-section having downwardly and inwardly convergent sides 48 so
as to substantially conform in cross-sectional configuration to the
protrusions 26 on the upper sheet. It is to be pointed out that the
width of the indentations 44 is substantially greater than the
width of the protrusions 26 for a reason which will become clear
later. The rounded toe and heel portions of the lower sheet 22 are
solid, as with the upper sheet, defining reinforcing curved end
sections 50 and 52 respectively which are aligned with and
substantially correspond in size with the curved end sections 38
and 40 respectively on the upper sheet to give solid support at
these locations.
It can be seen best in FIGS. 1 and 4 that at the approximate
longitudinal center of the lower sheet 22, the indentations 44 are
interrupted providing a flat blank surface 54 corresponding with a
similar flat blank surface 56 in the upper sheet 20 where the
protrusions 26 are interrupted. These flattened locations on the
upper and lower sheet correspond with the major flex point of the
sole where it is desirable that the protrusions and indentations be
interrupted. So that the lower sheet 22 is not unusually thick at
the major flex point thereby impeding the flexural characteristics
of the lower sheet, a transversely extending downwardly opening
groove 58 is provided in the lower surface 60 of the lower sheet
whereby the thickness of the lower sheet at the major flex point is
thin and readily flexible.
The elastic membrane or diaphragm 24 which separates the upper and
lower sheets 20 and 22 respectively can be seen in FIG. 4 to
comprise a substantially planar oval-shaped body 61 also conforming
in shape to the insole 14 of the shoe 10. The diaphragm 24 is
composed of an elastic material, such as natural rubber, so that it
will flex and expand with movement of the protrusions 26 of the
upper sheet 20 into the indentations 44 of the lower sheet 22, as
shown clearly in FIGS. 3B and 3C. The elastic diaphragm 24 is
slightly larger than the lower sheet and has an integral downturned
rim or flange 62 along its perimeter which is adapted to fit
downwardly over the peripheral edge of the lower sheet 22 to
positively position the diaphragm on the lower sheet. Additionally,
the diaphragm is bonded with a rubber adhesive to the lower sheet
around the perimeter, and across the middle to surface 54, to
positively seal and position the diaphragm on the lower sheet.
Similarly, the upper sheet can be bonded to the diaphragm at
desired locations and to the lower surface of the insole 14 to
secure the entire laminated structure 18 to the insole.
Furthermore, the ground-engaging sole 16 is bonded to the bottom
surface 60 of the lower sheet whereby the entire sole structure is
securely integrated. To better interconnect the elements of the
sole and cushioning structure and to provide a watertight seal to
protect the sole from the ambient environment, the closure 21 is
defined by an elastomeric material which is molded or otherwise
affixed to the shoe around the peripheral edges of the sole so as
to interconnect and enclose the various layers of the sole,
cushioning structure and the shoe as seen best in FIG. 2.
The operation of the laminated sole structure is best illustrated
in FIGS. 3A through 3C, with FIG. 3A showing the upper and lower
sheets and the elastic diaphragm 24 separating the sheets when no
compressive force is applied to the ground-engaging sole. It can
there be seen that the diaphragm 24 is maintained in a flat planar
orientation supporting the protrusions 26 of the upper sheet in
spaced relation from the indentations 44 in the lower sheet. When a
moderate compressive force is applied to the ground-engaging sole,
FIG. 3B, the protrusions 26 on the upper sheet are pushed into the
underlying indentations 44 in the lower sheet, causing the elastic
diaphragm 24 to stretch and thereby be deformed and pressed into
the indentations. The yieldingly resistive force of the diaphragm
absorbs the compressive force applied to the sole and thereby
creates a cushioning effect. If a large force is applied to the
ground-engaging sole, FIG. 3C, the protrusions will be depressed
further into the indentations possibly forcing the diaphragm into
continuous engagement with the side and bottom walls of the
indentations. To accommodate such a force, the cross-sectional area
of the indentations is greater in width than the protrusions by
approximately twice the thickness of the elastic diaphragm.
As shown in FIG. 5, the sole structure best illustrated in FIGS. 1
through 4 can be modified by incorporating a valve 66 into the heel
section 52, and a valve 67 into the toe section 50 of the lower
sheet 22 in a manner such that air pressure can be adjusted in the
air pockets created between the diaphragm 24 and the lower sheet 22
to increase or decrease the yielding resistance to movement of the
protrusions and diaphragm into the indentations. In a preferred
arrangement, the valves are of the self-sealing type, such as used
on basketballs, footballs and the like, and are incorporated into
the reinforced sections at the heel and toe of the lower sheet 22.
It will be readily appreciated that the cushioning effect of the
structure 18 can be appreciably altered by the compression of air
into the front and rear air pockets, so that many degrees of
yielding resistance are achieved.
FIG. 6 shows a modification of the structure shown in FIG. 5 with
like parts having been given like reference numerals with a prime
suffix. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the upper portion 10' of the
shoe along with the insole 14', the upper sheet 20', and the
ground-engaging sole 16' would be identical to the corresponding
components of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5. However, a lower
sheet 68 used in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is different from
the lower sheet 22 of the embodiment in FIG. 5 in that the flat
blank surface 54 across the longitudinal center of the lower sheet
of FIG. 5 has been recessed defining an upwardly opening groove 69
immediately above a downwardly opening groove 70. In the embodiment
of FIG. 6, a pair of diaphragms 71 fit downwardly over the front
and rear portions of lower sheet with a downturned flange around
the perimeter of each diaphragm adapted to seat in the upwardly
opening groove 69 of the lower sheet. In this manner, an air pocket
is established in the front as well as the rear portion of the
structure and air valves 66' and 67' corresponding to the valves 66
and 67 respectively shown in FIG. 5 can be provided in the lower
sheet so that air can be compressed into the air chambers to modify
the resistance to the movement of the diaphragms 71 into the
indentations 44' in the lower sheet.
With reference to FIG. 7, another modification to the arrangement
shown in FIG. 5 is shown with like parts being given like reference
numerals with a double prime suffix. In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 7, the upper sheet 20" would be identical to the upper sheet
20 disclosed in the first described embodiment. The lower sheet 72
would again be substantially oval in configuration to conform with
the insole 14" of the shoe 10"; however, in this embodiment, the
lower sheet 72 would be substantially planar with a flat upper
surface 74 and a flat lower surface 76 wherein the lower surface is
interrupted at its longitudinal center by a downwardly opening
groove 78, similar to the groove 58 provided in the lower sheet 22
of the first described embodiment so as to provide the desirable
flexing characteristics at the maximum flex point in the lower
sheet. In this embodiment, the lower sheet 72 is provided with
closed elongated longitudinally spaced channel-like cavities 80
extending transversely of the sole. The portions of the lower sheet
72 which overlie the channel-like cavities 80, thereby establishing
flexible membranes, replace the diaphragm 24 of the first described
embodiment so as to be depressable by the protrusions 26" on the
upper sheet and thereby serve to absorb compressive forces applied
to the sole. Again, the components of the sole cushioning structure
would be suitably integrated by bonding adjacent components and
sealing the entire assemblage by interconnecting the components
with a peripheral elastic band 64. Also, the lower sheet 72 could
include air valves 66" and 67", and apertures 82 interconnecting
the cavities 80 to form air pockets in the front and rear portions
of the lower sheet, so that air could be compressed into the
cavities to regulate the cushioning effect.
Although the present invention has been described with a certain
degree of particularity, it is understood that the present
disclosure has been made by way of example and that changes in
details of structure may be made without departing from the spirit
thereof.
* * * * *