U.S. patent number 3,833,964 [Application Number 05/181,962] was granted by the patent office on 1974-09-10 for self-locking hinge.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Suitcase Shower Ltd.. Invention is credited to R. Earle Harcourt.
United States Patent |
3,833,964 |
Harcourt |
September 10, 1974 |
SELF-LOCKING HINGE
Abstract
A self-supporting self-locking hinge unit is described
comprising two or more elongated plastic hinge elements all
pivotally joined in end-to-end relation to be hingeable between a
side-by-side closed position and a substantially in-line open
position. Each adjacent pair of elements are provided with integral
projecting tongues which are interengageable with an over-centre
action to releasably lock said adjacent elements in their said open
position. A plurality of multi-element such hinge units are
associated with flexible sheet material and interconnected at the
outermost elements of each unit to provide self-supporting screen
structure; such structure being exemplified herein by a collapsible
portable shower unit.
Inventors: |
Harcourt; R. Earle (Nassau,
BA) |
Assignee: |
Suitcase Shower Ltd. (Alberta,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
22666537 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/181,962 |
Filed: |
September 20, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
16/291 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47K
3/325 (20130101); E05D 11/10 (20130101); E05Y
2900/00 (20130101); Y10T 16/53836 (20150115); E05Y
2900/114 (20130101); E05D 11/105 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47K
3/28 (20060101); A47K 3/32 (20060101); E05D
11/00 (20060101); E05D 11/10 (20060101); A47b
091/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;16/143,145,146,142,190,150 ;220/31SR ;312/3,4,6 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gay; Bobby R.
Assistant Examiner: Troutman; Doris L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Piper; Frank I. Fors; Arne I.
Claims
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the
United States is:
1. In combination, a self-locking hinge unit and a sheet of
flexible material attached thereto, said hinge unit comprising at
least two elongated hinge elements joined together about a pivot
axis and said sheet material being attached at least to the outer
ends of the two outermost hinge elements of the hinge unit,
adjacent hinge elements in said unit being pivotable from a
side-by-side closed position through about 180.degree. to an
end-to-end substantially in-line open position, cooperating
resilient means including two interlockable members each integral
with one of said adjacent hinge elements for maintaining said
adjacent hinge elements releasably locked in said open position,
said members being interengageable with one another as said
adjacent hinge elements are pivoted from said closed position
towards their said open position and at least part of said members
being progressively deformable during such pivoting to juxtapose
one another in an interlocked engagement, immediately prior to said
adjacent hinge elements assuming their said open position; said
members remaining in said interlocked engagement with one another
to retain said adjacent hinge elements in their said open position
and to prevent said hinge elements from closing unless a sufficient
pivotal force is applied to said hinge elements to disengage said
members from said interlocked engagement, whereby the sheet
material may be moved from a collapsed configuration when said
hinge elements are closed relative to one another in an
outstretched condition when the hinge elements are in their said
open position.
2. The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein a plurality of
said hinge units are provided in spaced relation along said sheet
material, the outer ends of the outermost elements of the units
being respectively rigidly interconnected whereby the sheet
material is supportable in outstretched rectangular configuration
by said units when the elements thereof are in their said open
position.
3. The combination as claimed in claim 2 wherein said hinge units
are arranged in two opposed pairs at opposite corners of rigid
upper and lower peripheral interconnections, the sheet material
being outstretchable into a box-like enclosure when all of said
elements in said hinge units are in their said open positions.
4. The hinge unit is as set forth in claim 1 wherein said
interlockable members comprise a pair of tongues extending from the
adjacent ends of said hinge elements; the end of one said tongue
engaging the surface of the other said tongue and deforming said
other tongue during their period of interengagement and the two
tongues being located in contiguous relation with one another in
the said open position of the hinge unit.
5. The hinge unit as set forth in claim 1 wherein each of said
hinge elements comprises an elongated planar member and said
interlockable members comprise a pair of tongues extending from the
adjacent ends of said planar members; one said tongue being
disposed in the plane of one said planar member and the other said
tongue being displaced out of and parallel to the plane of the
other said planar member, the end of said one tongue engaging the
surface of the other said tongue and deforming it during their
period of interengagement and the two tongues being located in
contiguous relation with one another in the open position of the
hinge unit with said one tongue coplanar with said other planar
member.
6. The hinge unit as set forth in claim 5 wherein one of said hinge
elements at least has abutment means thereon engageable with the
other said hinge element in said open position of the hinge unit,
said abutment means being dimensioned to prohibit the hinge
elements from attaining a complete 180.degree.relation with one
another in said open position thereof.
7. The hinge unit as set forth in claim 1 wherein said
interlockable members comprise a pair of tongues extending from the
adjacent ends of said hinge elements; the end of one tongue
engaging the surface of the other said tongue and deforming said
other tongue during their period of interengagement and the two
tongues being located in contiguous relation with one another in
the said open position of the hinge unit; co-operating rib and
recess configurations being provided on said tongues facilitating
their interengaged movement relative to one another and achieving a
releasable latching engagement with one another in said open
position of the hinge unit.
8. The hinge unit as claimed in claim 1 wherein each of said hinge
elements is of elongated form and includes integral means at each
end thereof facilitating its hinge connection and releasable
locking engagement with another similar hinge element whereby a
plurality of such hinge elements may be joined together into a
multi-element hinge unit.
Description
This invention relates to a self-locking hinge unit capable of
supporting limited loading in a locked-open position, and the
invention also relates to the combination of such a hinge unit with
flexible sheet material whereby such material may be supported in
an outstretched condition by the hinge unit when it is in its
locked-open position. More specifically, the invention relates to a
portable shower unit of the type intended for use by campers being
comprised of a plurality of subject hinge units supporting a screen
and the whole assembly being erectable and collapsible by
appropriate opening and closing respectively of the hinge
units.
Self-locking hinge units are well known in the prior art being of
the type which are lockable in an open position and collapsible to
a closed position. One extremely well known type of such
self-locking hinge unit used for a multiplicity of different
purposes has comprised a hinge proper including a pivot pin or pins
and a spring loaded metal strip on one of the members which one of
the hinge elements is mounted co-operating with means on another
member on which the other hinge element is mounted; said strip and
means generally comprising a detent and detent engaging means
permitting an over-centre snap action locking of the two members
whereby the hinge elements are releasably locked in an open
position.
In many of such prior art hinge units, the actual hinge locking
means has been separate from the hinge proper, the locking means
having been mounted on the members which the hinge proper connects
together, and it is one object of the present invention to provide
a hinge unit capable of being locked in an open position by locking
means constituting an integral part of the hinge unit.
It is another object of the invention to provide a twin-element
hinge unit which, in its locked-open position, is capable of being
closed by the application of pressure axially of the two hinge
elements constituting the unit. That is to say, in its locked-open
position, the hinge elements comprising the hinge unit are slightly
displaced from a true in-line orientation at less than 180.degree.
from one another whereby the hinge unit is collapsible and closable
as aforesaid.
It is a yet further object to provide a multi-element hinge unit of
elongated elements all joined in end to end relation to one another
wherein the whole unit is self-supporting when the elements thereof
are in their locked-open position; the whole unit being collapsible
to bring the elements into stacked relation upon one another upon
the application of a pivoting force to the unit in the outermost
two elements thereof.
A yet further object of the invention is the provision of a
combination of flexible sheet material attached at least to the end
hinge elements in a hinge unit, preferably of the multi-element
type aforedescribed, whereby the material may be supported in an
outstretched manner by the hinge unit when the hinge elements
thereof are in their locked-open positions.
It is a yet further object to provide a combination as aforesaid,
wherein a plurality of such hinge units are connected by rigid
means at the other ends of their end hinge elements whereby the
said flexible sheet material may be supported in the form of a
screen between said units and said interconnecting means. A more
specific object of the invention is the provision of such a
combination in the form of a portable shower device collapsible for
storage into a rigid container comprising means interconnecting the
base hinge elements of a plurality of hinge units; the top elements
of such units being interconnected by means of a peripheral frame.
Conveniently, such a portable shower device is of the same general
form as that described and claimed in Canadian Patent No. 868,652
issued on Apr. 20, 1971 and entitled Portable Shower Unit.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a
self-locking hinge unit comprising a pair of hinge elements joined
together about a pivot axis and including co-operating resilient
locking means integral with said elements for maintaining them
releasably locked in an end-to-end substantially in line open
position. Such locking means are operably interengageable with one
another as the hinge elements are pivoted from their said closed
position towards their said open position and at least part of said
means are progressively deformable during such pivoting, resisting
such pivoting, until the means pass an over centre relation with
one another immediately prior to the hinge elements assuming their
said open position; said means remaining in engagement with one
another in said open position of said elements retaining them
against accidental closing.
In accordance with a further feature of the invention, there is
provided a multi-element hinge unit comprising a plurality of hinge
elements joined in end to end relation with one another and
including co-operating resilient locking means integral with the
elements and acting between each adjacent pair of hinge elements in
the unit in the manner described in the preceding paragraph. In
accordance with a still further aspect of the invention, there is
provided a hinge unit of the type previously set forth in
combination with sheet of flexible material attached thereto
whereby the sheet material may be displaced from a collapsed
configuration when the hinge elements of the hinge unit are closed
relative to one another to an outstretched condition when the hinge
elements are in their said open position and such a combination of
a plurality of hinge units together with flexible sheet material
may constitute a portable shower device of the same general type as
that described and claimed in the above mentioned Canadian Patent
No. 868,652.
Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent
from the hereinafter following description of the parts, principles
and elements of the invention given herein solely by way of example
with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein like reference
numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views and
wherein:
FIG. 1 is a side perspective view of a subject twin-element hinge
unit in its locked-open position;
FIG. 2 is a similar side perspective view of the hinge unit showing
the two elements thereof collapsed towards their closed
position;
FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of the hinge unit in the
locked-open position of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view showing the inter-engagement
of the integral locking means of the unit as the elements thereof
are moved relative to one another; the fully closed position of the
unit being shown in dotted line;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a portable shower unit embodying
four multi-element hinge units interconnected together at each of
four corners of the shower unit; and
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a detail of the base and top
hinge element interconnecting means and one of the hinge units
shown in FIG. 5; and
FIG. 7 is a top perspective view showing the shower unit in its
fully collapsed condition.
Referring first of all to FIGS. 1 to 4 of the drawings, there is
illustrated a subject hinge unit 10 comprised of a pair of
elongated hinge elements 12 and 14 pivotally connected together by
means of coaxial pivot pins 16 whereby the hinge elements may be
swung about said pins between a locked-open position (as shown in
FIGS. 1 and 3) and a collapsed fully closed position (as shown by
dotted line in FIG. 4). In accordance with the invention, the two
elements 12 and 14 of the hinge unit include integral mutually
co-operating locking means 18 and 20 interengageable with one
another as the elements are swung towards their fully open position
and acting to retain and releasably lock the elements in their open
position in a substantially in-line 180.degree. relationship with
one another.
Referring now in more detail to FIGS. 1 to 4, it will be observed
that the hinge unit is comprised of an upper elongated planar hinge
element 12 and a lower elongated planar hinge element 14, each of
which is conveniently formed of a relatively rigid yet slightly
flexible plastic material, such as, for example, nylon. As
illustrated, each hinge element 12 and 14 is conveniently
reinforced along its respective longitudinal edges 22 and 24 by
means of material of thicker cross-section than the median web
portion 26 and 28 respectively of each element 12 and 14; the ends
of the respective edges 22 and 24 of each element being formed with
integral bushings 30 and 32 offset from the plane of the web
portions 26 and 28 and co-operably orientated relative to one
another to receive the aforesaid pivot pins 16 permitting the two
elements 12 and 14 of the unit to be folded to a fully closed
position in which the elements are superposed one upon the other
(as shown in dotted line in FIG. 4) and a fully open position (as
shown in FIGS. 1 and 3) in which the elements are substantially in
line with one another. It should however be noted that the lower
hinge element 14 is provided with abutment means 34 at the ends of
its side edges 24 extending axially outwardly beyond the ends
thereof whereby, in the fully open position of the unit, said
abutments 34 are in contact with the co-operating lower ends of the
upper hinge element edges 22 and the two elements are maintained in
an orientation slightly displaced from a true in-line 180.degree.
relationship for a purpose which will become apparent as the
description proceeds.
As mentioned hereinbefore, the hinge unit 10 includes integral
mutually co-operating resilient locking means 18 and 20, said means
being provided in two parts, one part of such means is integral
with each one of the two hinge elements 12 and 14 of the unit. As
will become apparent, the resilient locking means 18 on the hinge
element 12 is slidably engageable with the other resilient locking
means 20 on the other hinge element 14 as the hinge elements are
pivoted from a closed position towards their open in-line relation
and at least one of the resilient locking means is progressively
deformable during such pivoting, resisting the pivoting, until the
resilient locking means 18 and 20 pass beyond an over centre
relation with one another at which time they act to urge the hinge
elements further towards their fully open position. After said
fully open position is attained, said co-operating means 18-20 act
with a resilient bias to retain the elements in said open position
prohibiting accidental collapse of the hinge elements of the unit
towards their closed position.
Resilient locking means 20 integral with the lower hinge element 14
comprises a slightly deformable tongue displaced out of the plane
of the web portion 28 of the hinge element 14 and lying parallel
thereto and also extending beyond the end of said hinge element.
Also resilient locking means 18 integral with the upper hinge
element 12 comprises a deformable tongue but which is in the plane
of the web portion 26 of the upper hinge element 12 and which also
projects beyond the end thereof for a distance substantially equal
to the distance of projection of the tongue 20 on the lower hinge
element 14. It will be observed from the drawings that the end of
the lower hinge element 14 is relieved in its web portion 28 at
that location at whch the tongue 20 is provided whereby, in the
fully open position of the hinge elements as shown in FIGS. 1 and
3, the upper tongue 18 may lie substantially coplanar with the web
28 of the lower hinge element 14 and contiguous with the lower
tongue 20.
It may further be noted that the upper tongue 18 is provided with a
transverse rib 36 adjacent its projecting end engageable, in the
fully open position of FIGS. 1 and 3, within a co-operating
transverse recess 38 in the tongue 20 in the lower hinge element
14. As mentioned hereinbefore, the two hinge elements 12 and 14 are
prevented from reaching a precise in-line 180.degree.relationship
with one another by means of the projecting end abutments 34 on the
lower hinge element whereby, as will be clearly seen from FIG. 3,
the upper tongue 18 is prevented from reaching a precise coplanar
relationship with the lower hinge element 14; the orientation at
which the lower element abutments 34 contact the upper element
edges 22 being designed to be correlated to the entry of the rib 36
on the upper tongue 18 within the co-operating recess 38 on the
lower tongue 20. The provision of the rib 36 on the upper tongue 18
facilitates the riding of said tongue 18 along the surface of the
lower tongue 20 when the two tongues are in engagement with one
another as the two elements 12 and 14 are swung into and out of
their locked-open relationship.
Thus, starting from the locked-open relation of FIGS. 1 and 3, it
will be appreciated that pressure on the hinge elements 12 and 14
applied substantially along their longitudinal axes will cause them
to pivot about their pivot pins 16 and cause the rib 36 on the
upper tongue 18 to ride out of its co-operating recess 38 on the
lower tongue 20 and along the surface of said tongue deforming it
further outwardly of the lower hinge element 14, as shown in FIG.
4. The pressure applied must be large enough to cause the
deformation of the tongues. There will, of course, be no
possibility of the hinge elements 12 and 14 tending to pivot in the
opposite direction to that illustrated upon the application of
axial pressure thereto since the end abutments 34 maintain the
hinge elements 12 and 14 at a slightly less than 180.degree.
relationship to one another in their locked-open position.
Subsequent pivotal movement of the hinge elements 12 and 14 will
disengage the upper tongue 18 from the lower tongue 20 permitting
it to return to its undeformed position parallel to the web 28 of
the lower hinge element 14 (as shown in FIG. 2) following which the
elements may be completely collapsed into their side-by-side fully
closed position in a juxtaposed relation, as shown in dotted line
in FIG. 4.
It will be appreciated that a plurality of hinge elements of the
type described and illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4 may be joined in
end-to-end relation and, for such purpose, each of the elements may
be identical. Thus, the upper end (not shown) of the upper hinge
element 12 of FIG. 1 may constitute a displaced deformable tongue
of the type shown by tongue 20 at the upper end of the lower hinge
element 14 in FIG. 1. Likewise, the lower end of the lower hinge
element 14 of FIG. 1 may constitute a tongue of the type shown by
tongue 18 at the lower end of the upper hinge element 12 of FIG. 1.
A plurality of such hinge elements connected in end-to-end relation
will, of course, be self-supporting in the locked-open position of
the elements of the unit and the relative abutments 34 between
adjacent hinge elements thereof may be arranged in such manner that
axial pressure upon the endmost elements of such a multi-element
hinge unit will permit successive collapse of each pair of adjacent
elements in the unit until all of the elements thereof may be
brought into stacked relation one upon the other. Such a
multi-element unit is shown in FIG. 5 of the drawings wherein four
hinge elements 12, 14, 12a and 14a are connected in an end-to-end
relation to form a self-supporting structure for flexible sheet
material.
In FIG. 5 of the drawings, there is shown a combination of
multi-element hinge units together with flexible sheet material 40
in the form of an enclosure constituting part of a portable shower
unit. However, it will be appreciated that a hinge unit of the type
hereindescribed (twin element or multielement) may be provided in
combination with flexible sheet material to provide self-supporting
structure therefor. For example, a plurality of subject hinge units
may be located in a spaced parallel relation along a rectangular
piece of flexible sheet material to provide a readily collapsible
and extensible portable screen, it being understood, of course,
that the lowermost elements of the hinge units will be
interconnected by some suitable rigid means in such an
application.
In the specific embodiment of shower unit illustrated in FIGS. 5
and 6 of the drawings, four such multi-element hinge units are
retained within corner pockets 42 of flexible, lightweight sheet
material 40 to provide a lightweight portable shower unit. The end
elements 12 and 14a respectively of each hinge unit are
interconnected; the lowermost elements 14abeing interconnected by a
rigid container 44 whilst the upper elements 12 of the units are
interconnected by means of a lightweight peripheral frame 46. The
lowermost elements 14a are pivotally mounted by their lower pivot
pins to suitable corner lugs 48 on container 44 whilst the
uppermost elements 12 are pivotally mounted by their upper pivot
pins to corner brackets 50 constituting supports for frame 46. When
all of the elements of the four corner units are in their extended
locked-open relation, the sheet material constitutes an enclosure
or shower cubicle which may be of the general type fully described
in the above mentioned Canadian Pat. No. 868,652. Flour hinge units
are brought into diametrically opposed relation within the confines
of the box 44 (see FIG. 7). A suitable lid (not illustrated) is
also provided to the portable shower unit whereby all of the parts
thereof may conveniently be encased and retained within the box
44.
* * * * *