U.S. patent number 3,833,767 [Application Number 05/313,239] was granted by the patent office on 1974-09-03 for speech compression system.
Invention is credited to Alfred A. Wolf.
United States Patent |
3,833,767 |
Wolf |
September 3, 1974 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
SPEECH COMPRESSION SYSTEM
Abstract
The generation of a set of a certain kind of coefficients
related to the speech signal is obtained by simultaneously
operating upon a sample of the speech signal with a set of
orthogonal random functions derived from a white noise source and
the white noise itself. These coefficients are sequentially AM or
FM modulated for transmission by any suitable means. The
transmitted signal is received and demodulated and sequentially
processed through the system of this invention to recover the
coefficients which are related to and can be used with a second
source of white noise to reconstruct the original speech signal.
The speech compression is accomplished by utilizing the
coefficients as the information carrier source and later at the
receiving ends to reconstruct the speech signal from these
coefficients to obtain the vocal intelligence.
Inventors: |
Wolf; Alfred A. (Annapolis,
MD) |
Family
ID: |
27387785 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/313,239 |
Filed: |
December 8, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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191003 |
Oct 20, 1971 |
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155988 |
Jun 23, 1971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
704/204; 370/208;
704/226; 704/E19.02 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G10L
19/0212 (20130101); H04B 1/66 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04B
1/66 (20060101); H04b 001/66 () |
Field of
Search: |
;179/15BC,1SA,15.55T,15.55R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Blakeslee; Ralph D.
Assistant Examiner: Leaheey; Bradford
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sciascia; R. S. Hodges; Q. E.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation -in-part of application Ser. No.
191,003, filed Oct. 21, 1971 which was a continuation -in-part of
application Ser. No. 155,988, filed June 23, 1971.
The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or
for the Government of the United States of America for governmental
purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A speech compression system including:
first means to receive a speech signal and to generate a set of
speech extraction coefficients from said speech signal;
second means connected to said first means for transmitting said
set of coefficients, said second means having an output;
third means for receiving the output of said second means;
fourth means connected to said third means for reconstructing a
speech signal corresponding to the speech signal received by said
first means;
whereby the bandwidth required to transmit each said speech
extraction coefficient is narrower than the bandwidth required to
transmit said speech signal.
2. The system of claim 1 in which the first means includes an
orthogonal filter.
3. A system as claimed in claim 2 in which said coefficients are
very slowly varying functions of time.
4. A system as claimed in claim 3 in which the time function of the
coefficients are given by the equations ##SPC2##
where X(t) is a sample of speech signal of said length T.sub.o,
V.sub.n (t); n = 1, 2, 3... are the set of outputs of an orthogonal
filter in response to white noise and a.sub.n ; n = 1, 2, 3...are
said set of coefficients.
5. A system as claimed in claim 2 in which said third means
includes an orthogonal filter, said orthogonal filter of said third
means having the same transfer characteristic as said orthogonal
filter of said first means.
6. A system as claimed in claim 1 in which said first means
includes a white noise source of spectral power density N.sup.2
watts per cycle.
7. A system as claimed in claim 6 in which said third means
includes a source of white noise of a spectral power density
1/N.sup.2 watts per cycle.
8. A method of communication and speech compression comprising the
steps of:
producing a set of speech extraction coefficients from a speech
signal such that each said coefficient has narrower transmission
bandwidth requirements than said speech signal;
transmitting said speech extraction coefficients;
receiving said speech extraction coefficients;
reconstructing said speech signal from said speech extraction
coefficients.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the step of transmitting said
speech extraction coefficients includes the step of sequentially
processing said coefficients.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the step of receiving said
coefficients includes the step of sequentially deprocessing said
coefficients.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The increasing demands of the commumications industry for ways to
transmit information and the crowding of the radio frequency
spectrum, especially of speech conveyed information, makes it
highly desirable to compress speech into as narrow a bandwidth as
possible while transmitting the full range of information. This
also decreases the power requirements to transmit a given piece of
information.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention involves the application of the structure and
techniques of the parent applications to the particular problem of
speech compression. By utilizing the speech coefficients as
information carrying elements of the transmitted signal it is
possible to drastically narrow the bandwidths in comparison with
conventional modes of transmitting information, the bandwidth
required to transmit the required information, thereby
accomplishing a significant speech compression.
It is an object of this invention to provide a system of speech
transmission which reduces the bandwidth required to transmit
speech signals.
Still another object of this invention is to transmit speech
related signals which permit the reconstruction of the original
speech.
It is also an object of this invention to provide a system
including means to reduce speech to a set of speech coefficients
which can be transmitted and utilized by a second means to
reconstruct the original speech.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the means for obtaining a set of speech
extraction coefficients from speech.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a system for processing the speech
extraction coefficients for transmittal.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a system for receiving and deprocessing a
signal transmitted by radio from the system of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a system for reconstructing speech from a
set of speech extraction coefficients.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIG. 1, where the system is generally designated
as 11, there is shown a source of speech signal having a sample
length T.sub.0. This signal which may be represented as a function
of time, x(t), is multiplied simultaneously in multipliers 4, 6,
...8, etc. by a set of random orthogonal functions of time, V.sub.n
(t) where n = 1, 2, 3..., generated from a white noise source 10 by
the application of a set of orthogonal filters such as are
disclosed in application Ser. No. 191,003. The number of
multipliers and outputs from the orthogonal filters being
determined by the degree of fidelity required in the reproduction
of the speech signal or the numbers of samples required to transmit
the information. Each of the multiplier outputs is processed
through its respective temporal averager 14, 16, 18 such as
described in the referenced applications to generate as outputs the
speech extraction coefficients a.sub.1, a.sub.2 ..., a.sub.n. A
speech extraction coefficient is defined herein as the temporal
average of the product of a sample function from a set of
orthogonal noise sample functions and a speech signal sample
function. The operation of this system is more fully described in
copending applications Ser. Nos. 191,003 and 155,988.
These speech extraction coefficients can be thought of as a set of
generalized Fourier coefficients a.sub.1, a.sub.2, ...a.sub.n which
are slowly varying time functions given by the following equations:
##SPC1##
in which X(t) is a sample of speech of length T.sub.o and V.sub.n
(t); n = 1, 2, 3... are the set of outputs from the orthogonal
filters in response to white noise, shown in block 12 of FIG. 1.
Since these coefficients are very slowly varying time functions
they have very narrow bandwidth requirements. For example, the
bandwidth for containing these functions may be of the order of
5HZ.
Referring now to FIG. 2, the system of FIG. 1 is designated as
block 11 the outputs of which are fed to a sequential processor
which is a device driven by a clock 17 for sequentially gating the
speech extraction coefficients to a modulator circuit 15 which
modulates a carrier signal for transmission by any suitable means
such as radio, telephone, light beam, etc. Such modulation may be
either amplitude or frequency modulation.
The transmitted modulated signal is received by a system such as
shown in FIG. 3, for radio signals. The signal transmitted by the
system of FIG. 2 is received by antenna 19 and fed to receiver 21,
both of which may be of conventional design. The received signal is
appropriately demodulated in block 22 and sequentially processed by
the Sequential Deprocessor 23 which is driven by clock 25 to
reproduce the speech extraction coefficients a.sub.1,
a.sub.2...a.sub.n. These coefficients are utilized in a speech
reconstruction system shown in FIG. 4 as block 27 to operate on the
output of a source of white noise, 28 to reconstruct the original
speech.
In FIG. 4 the block 26 may be the receiver system of FIG. 3 or any
suitable receiving means for the transmitted speech extraction
coefficients. For a more detailed description of the speech
reconstruction system, reference is made to FIG. 5 of application
Ser. No. 155,988 and the description in the specification of that
application relating thereto.
The system of this invention utilizes the invention of application
Ser. No. 191,003 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,800,093 to generate a set of
speech coefficients which are used to modulate a suitable
transmission carrier and the invention of application Ser. No.
155,988 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,746,791 to reconstruct the speech.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present
invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is
therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended
claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as
specifically described.
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