U.S. patent number 3,831,808 [Application Number 05/331,644] was granted by the patent office on 1974-08-27 for pill cartridge for a pill dispenser.
Invention is credited to Louis Bender.
United States Patent |
3,831,808 |
Bender |
August 27, 1974 |
PILL CARTRIDGE FOR A PILL DISPENSER
Abstract
Mechanisms are disclosed for storing pills and dispensing them
one at a time at indicated intervals. The dispenser includes a time
interval read-out, and a mechanism for advancing the read-out by
one pill time interval whenever a pill is withdrawn from storage.
If the mechanism is operated but no pill is withdrawn, the time
read-out does not advance. Replaceable pill cartridges and safety
covers for the dispensing mechanism are also disclosed.
Inventors: |
Bender; Louis (Scotch Plains,
NJ) |
Family
ID: |
26885371 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/331,644 |
Filed: |
February 12, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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189647 |
Oct 15, 1971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
221/197;
221/312R |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61J
7/04 (20130101); B65D 83/0409 (20130101); B65D
2215/04 (20130101); B65D 2215/02 (20130101); B65D
2583/005 (20130101); B65D 2583/0481 (20130101); B65D
2583/0409 (20130101); B65D 2401/00 (20200501) |
Current International
Class: |
A61J
7/04 (20060101); A61J 7/00 (20060101); B65D
83/04 (20060101); B65D 83/00 (20060101); B65d
083/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;221/7,8,117,197,243,260,287,312 ;206/42 ;116/121 ;222/541 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Reeves; Robert B.
Assistant Examiner: Rolla; Joseph J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: St. Onge Mayers & Reens
Parent Case Text
This application is a division of patent application for PILL
TIMING DISPENSER AND REPLACEABLE CARTRIDGE THEREFOR filed by LOUIS
BENDER on Oct. 15, 1971, bearing Ser. No. 189,647.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A pill cartridge for insertion in a pill dispenser comprising a
sealed enclosure having upper and lower walls the upper wall having
a transparent segment to enable viewing of retained pills, side
panels connecting said walls, the height of pills oriented in side
by side flat relationship in the enclosure, one of said side panels
being scored to define a removable pill gate panel, and a removable
tab integrally attached to said gate panel and extending outwardly
from said package for ease of removal of said gate panel to form a
pill exit port, said upper wall being formed with an extension
overlying said tab to shelter said pill exit port after tab removal
and after the pill cartridge is inserted in the pill dispenser.
2. A pill cartridge for a pill dispenser comprising an enclosure
having a pill exit and formed with a plurality of walls, one wall
being divided at a plurality of separate locations to form a pair
of rocker panels which are pivotally joined to said one wall, said
rocker panels being located relative to each other for see-saw
motion with respect to one another, one of said rocker panels being
depressible to raise the other rocker panel, and means located
adjacent a rocker panel and in fixed relationship with the
enclosure to normally obstruct said pill exit while enabling
passage of a pill from said pill exit when the adjacent rocker
panel is depressed.
3. The pill cartridge as claimed in claim 2 wherein said walls and
rocker panels are integrally molded of a plastic material which is
sufficiently resilient to restore both said rocker panels
substantially to their original positions to reclose said pill exit
when depression of said one rocker panel terminates.
4. The pill cartridge as claimed in claim 3 wherein said means
further comprises a bottom wall and a raised barrier on said bottom
wall enclosing an area adjacent said pill exit and being sized to
permit a pill to clear said barrier only when said one rocker panel
is depressed.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to pill carrying and dispensing devices,
particularly those of the kind which indicate the time of the last
and/or next dose.
BACKGROUND
Large numbers of mechanisms are known to the prior art for storing
and dispensing medication in various dosage forms, particularly
tablets or pills, while simultaneously keeping a running record of
the time at which the patient took the last dose and/or is
scheduled to take the next dose. Many types of medication are
normally prescribed by doctors to be taken at regular intervals,
such as once every four hours, once a day, or the like. An example
of such medication is female hormone pills for birth or fertility
control. A woman normally takes one of these pills a day for a
period of several consecutive weeks. It is quite important that
those who are on such a regimen not to wander too far from the
prescribed schedule; yet lapses of memory have been something of a
problem with some of the many women who employ this medication.
A number of prior art pill-timing dispensers are equipped with
date-indicating discs, as for example, Barton U.S. Pat. No.
3,402,850 and Wagner U.S. Pat. No. 3,143,207. In some such
mechanisms, the date wheel automatically rotates through an angular
increment equivalent to one day (or other pill-taking interval) in
response to operation of the pill dispensing mechanism. See, for
example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,332,575 of Pilot, No. 3,227,127 of Gayle,
No. 3,410,450 of Fortenberry, No. 3,344,951 of Gervais, and No.
3,511,409 of Huck. These mechanisms are designed so that the date
wheels are read through an aperture or window formed in the side of
the pill dispenser case.
The last-mentioned patent, Huck, is of particular interest in that
the date wheel is formed with radial vanes which define
pill-receiving recesses therebetween. The wheel picks up a single
pill between a pair of vanes and rotates to move the pill from a
storage reservoir to an output port. Another device with a similar
pill-delivery wheel is seen in Gadenne U.S. Pat. No. 3,204,834.
The Huck patent is also of interest here in that the pill reservoir
employed thereby is a removable and replaceable cartridge. The same
is true of the Pilot patent cited above.
The pill-delivery wheel of Gadenne and the date wheel of Pilot are
each equipped with an anti-reverse ratchet which, in the first
case, prevents a pill from being moved back to the storage
reservoir, and in the second case, prevents the date wheel from
being rotated in the wrong direction relative to the calendar
thereon.
The principal difficulty with such prior art devices resides in the
fact that the date-indicating mechanisms thereof can be advanced to
the next date (or whatever is the relevant time interval) by
actuation of the pill-delivery mechanism, even if no pill is
delivered thereby. In the Huck device particularly, where the date
wheel is itself the pill-delivery mechanism, the date advances
whenever the pill-delivery mechanism is operated, even if no pill
is present. No prior art mechinism is known in which the
date-indicating mechanism is not advanced unless a pill is actually
delivered.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprises a pill storage and dispensing
device of the type having an automatically advancing pill-timing
interval indication of the general type just discussed; but it
represents an improvement over prior art devices of this type in
that the pill-delivery mechanism is incapable of advancing the
timing indication unless it actually delivers a pill. In addition,
reverse motion of the pill-delivery mechanism cannot drive the time
read-out out of synchronism with the actual dosage schedule. Thus
synchronism is strictly maintained under all circumstances.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pill itself forms a
mechanical drive coupling between the pill-delivery mechanism and
the pill timing read-out. The preferred form of the invention also
employs a novel type of replaceable pill cartridge which inserts
one pill at a time into mechanical driving position, and controls
initial setting of the date read-out mechanism.
In carrying out the invention, there is provided a dispenser having
pill storage means, and means for extracting one pill at a time and
delivering it to the user. The pill-transport means has a
receptacle to contain a pill during the transport operation. In
addition, there is a pill timing interval read-out which is
responsive to a pill contained in the receptacle to effect a one
interval read-out advance during pill transport. The read-out,
however, is not coupled to the pill-transport means when there is
no pill in the receptacle.
Additional features of the invention concern safety closures to
keep medicines out of unauthorized hands, and pill cartridges
adapted to be removable and replaceable in the dispenser. Some
embodiments of the pill cartridge permit opening of the cartridge
after its insertion into the dispenser, and one of them is also
adaptable for use as a free-standing pill package.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a pill-timing dispenser and
replaceable cartridge in accordance with this invention, which are
housed within a "compact" type of case, shown with its cover
open.
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the same pill dispenser,
cartridge and compact assembly.
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the pill dispenser, compact and
cartridge assembly, shown with the cover open.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the same assembly taken along the
lines 4--4 of FIG. 3, looking in the direction of the arrows.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the same assembly taken along the
lines 5--5 of FIG. 3 looking in the direction of the arrows.
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view of the same assembly taken
along the lines 6--6 of FIG. 7A looking in the direction of the
arrows.
FIGS. 7A through 7D are a sequence of fragmentary top plan views
showing successive steps in the operation of the pill transport and
timing interval read-out mechanisms of the device of the preceding
figures, with other parts removed for clarity of illustration.
FIGS. 8 and 9 are side elevational view of the replaceable pill
cartridge of the preceding figures, seen before and during pill
delivery respectively.
FIGS. 10 and 11 are perspective and exploded perspective views,
respectively, of an alternative embodiment of a pill timing
dispenser and replaceable cartridge in accordance with this
invention. The cartridge is of the type which can be opened after
insertion into the dispenser.
FIGS. 12 and 13 are vertical sections of the replaceable cartridge
of FIGS. 10 and 11, seen respectively before and after the
cartridge is opened.
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a
replaceable pill cartridge in accordance with this invention, of
the type which is adapted to be opened after insertion into the
pill dispenser of FIGS. 10 and 11.
FIG. 15 is a section taken along the lines 20--20 of FIG. 14,
looking in the direction of the arrows.
FIG. 16 is a section similar to FIG. 15, but shows the pill
cartridge in its open condition, in contrast to the closed
condition illustrated in FIGS. 14 and 15.
FIG. 17 is an exploded perspective view of the cartridge of FIGS.
14-16 in combination with the dispenser of FIGS. 10-11,
illustrating insertion of the cartridge into the dispenser.
FIG. 18 is a sectional view of the same dispenser, with the
cartridge inserted therein, taken along the lines 18--18 of FIG.
17, looking in the direction of the arrows.
FIG. 19 is a top view of a free-standing pill package in accordance
with this invention, which is similar to the replaceable cartridge
of FIGS. 14-18.
FIG. 20 is a front elevation of the pill package of FIG. 19.
FIG. 21 is a section taken along the lines 21--21 of FIG. 19,
looking in the direction of the arrows.
FIG. 22 is a similar section, but shows the pill package in its
open condition, in contrast to the closed condition illustrated by
FIGS. 19-21.
FIG. 23 is a top plan view of another alternative embodiment of a
pill timing dispenser in accordance with this invention, with parts
broken away and the replaceable pill cartridge removed for clarity
of illustration.
FIG. 24A is a section taken along the lines 24--24 of FIG. 23,
looking in the direction of the arrows; and includes another
alternative embodiment of a replaceable pill cartridge in
accordance with this invention as it would appear when inserted in
place in the dispenser, and opened. The dispenser cover is seen
closed.
FIG. 24B is a section identical to FIG. 24A except that it is an
enlarged and fragmentary view, the cartridge is closed, and the
dispenser cover is open.
FIG. 25 is a perspective view of the underside of the cartridge of
FIG. 24, seen prior to opening and prior to insertion in the
dispenser.
FIG. 26 is similar view of the same cartridge, seen after opening
and after removal from the dispenser.
FIG. 27 is a fragmentary section taken along the lines 27--27 of
FIG. 23, looking in the direction of the arrows.
FIG. 28 is an exploded perspective of still another alternative
embodiment of a pill timing dispenser in accordance with this
invention, having a latching cover.
FIG. 29 is an exploded section taken along lines 29--29 of FIG. 28
looking in the direction of the arrows, with the cover closed but
unlatched.
And FIG. 30 is a fragmentary section similar to FIG. 29, but
showing the dispenser assembled and the latch closed.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As seen in FIG. 1, a pill storage and dispensing device in
accordance with this invention includes a housing 10 designed to
simulate a lady's cosmetic compact. The housing includes a lower
half, or base member, 12 and an upper half, or cover, 14. The
pill-storing, dispensing and time-interval read-out mechanisms are
all mounted within the lower case half 12, and completely concealed
by the cover 14 when the latter is closed. This permits a woman to
carry about birth control pills in the device of this invention,
while maintaining a degree of privacy. Anyone seeing the casing 10
in a woman's purse would ordinarily assume that it is a
conventional cosmetic compact, rather than a pill dispenser.
The two halves of the compact 12 and 14 may be integrally molded of
a conventional fatigue-resistant plastic material such as
polypropylene, and formed with an integrally molded flexible hinge
webbing 16. Conventional interlocking snap elements 18 and 20 are
formed at the front of the base member 12 and cover member 14
respectively, and serve to latch the compact in closed
condition.
Briefly stated, this dispenser incorporates a pill-storage hopper,
means for transporting one pill at a time from the hopper, and a
pill timing interval read-out which is advanced only in response to
motion of a pill carried in a receptable formed on the pill
transport means. As seen in FIG. 2, the pill timing interval
read-out comprises markings 22 borne by a read-out disc 24 molded
of conventional plastic material. The markings may be printed on
the disc 24, or integrally embossed or engraved thereupon during
the process of molding the disc 24, or may take the form of one or
more adhesive labels. In this instance, the markings 22 represent
the seven days of a week, and are designed for taking one-a-day
pills. It will be readily appreciated, however, that the markings
22 could readily be altered to correspond to any other convenient
time interval, such as one pill every few hours during the course
of a day.
The read-out disc 24 is rotatably journaled within a circular
depression 26 formed on the interior surface of the bottom wall 28
of the base member 12. A plurality of read-out drive vanes 30 are
integrally embossed upon the upper surface of the disc 24, and are
oriented substantially radially with respect to the axis of
rotation of the disc. The vanes 30 are spaced circumferentially
from each other to define therebetween a plurality of (in this
case, specifically seven) circumferentially distributed
pill-receiving recesses 32. Each such recess 32, which consists of
the gap between the confronting surfaces of any two consecutive
vanes 30, has a circumferential dimension sufficient to receive
easily a pill or tablet of the size for which the dispenser is
designed to be used. A circumferentially directed force which is
exerted against any one of the vanes 30, as for example by a pill
resting within the adjacent recess 32, is effective to rotate the
read-out disc 22 within its circular depression 26.
A molded plastic platform member 38 of generally rectangular
configuration overlies the read-out disc 24 and drive vanes 30, and
is received within a generally rectangular recess defined by four
upstanding side walls 40 which are part of the base member 12. The
platform 38 has an upper level 42 generally forming the front half
thereof, and a lower level 44 generally forming the rear half
thereof. The lower level is formed with cut-outs 44a and 44b, and a
projection 44c extending into the cut-out 44b. The projection 44c
is formed with a downwardly extending circular boss which is
received within a circular opening 34 formed in the center of the
read-out disc 24, and helps to journal the disc for date-advancing
rotation.
A step 46 separates the upper level 42 from the lower level 44. The
pill storage hopper of this dispenser comprises a shallow
depression 48 bounded below by the lower level 44, and bounded
peripherally by the step surface 46 and the adjacent portions of
the upstanding side walls 40. For the purposes of this patent
application, the term "hopper" is used to designate a pill storage
space, whether or not the pills stored therein are packaged in a
removable, replaceable cartridge. In this case, no upper confining
wall is required for the hopper 48, since the pills 51 stored
therein are preferably contained with a removable and replaceable
plastic molded cartridge 50 which is designed to be inserted within
the hopper as seen in FIG. 1. Alternatively the pills could be
placed directly in the hopper 48 without any such additional
envelope; but the cartridge approach is preferred for reasons of
pharmaceutical quality control and packaging convenience.
The boundaries of the hopper 48 are generally rectangular, so far
as they are defined by the lower platform level 44 and the
upstanding walls 40. But the step surfaces 46 are inclined
forwardly in such manner that they converge toward the central
region of the platform 38. The replaceable cartridge 50 is also
generally rectangular in configuration, but includes a pair of
inclined walls 52 which converge towards the front and center, and
fit within the hopper outline defined by the inclined step surfaces
46. Consequently, when the dispenser of this invention is tipped
forwardly, the pills 51 contained within the replaceable cartridge
50 and the hopper 58 are gravitationally funneled toward the front,
central region thereof.
At the point of convergence of the inclined cartridge walls 52, the
cartridge 50 is integrally formed with a forwardly projecting
nozzle 54 having a substantially semi-circular front wall 54a. This
nozzle is in communication with the interior of the cartridge 50 at
that point to which all the pills 51 are funneled by the inclined
walls 52, and is sized to receive only one pill at a time. A
rectangular hopper exit opening 56 is formed in the platform step
surfaces 46 at the point of convergence thereof, to permit the pill
cartridge nozzle 54 to project forwardly of the step surfaces 46 to
a position below the upper platform level 42 when the cartridge 50
is installed within the hopper 48.
The cartridge 50, as seen in FIGS. 2, 8, and 9, includes a
transparent molded plastic top wall 60 integrally formed with side
walls 62 which are secured, preferably by a conventional
heat-sealing process, to an opaque bottom wall 64. The transparent
top wall 60 permits the user to this pill dispenser to determine
visually the number of pills 51 remaining in the cartridge 50 at
any time, even when the cartridge is mounted in the dispenser
hopper 48. Suitable forward projections of the walls 60, 62, and 64
define the inclined pill funneling surfaces 52 and the pill
delivery nozzle 54. A portion of the bottom wall 64 is separable,
by a manual tearing action, from the walls 62 of pill delivery
nozzle 64, and is also scored along a tear line 66 for separation
from bottom wall 64, to define a tear flap 68 which is entirely
removable from the cartridge as indicated by arrow 70 to open the
bottom of the pill delivery nozzle 54. As a result, any pill which
is gravitationally fed by the funnel walls 52 into the nozzle 54
after the tear flap 68 has been removed, it then permitted to fall
vertically out of the nozzle 54 as indicated by pill 51.1 and arrow
72 in FIG. 9.
After the tear panel 68 has been removed and the pill cartridge 50
has been inserted into the hopper 48, the pill delivery nozzle 54
extends forwardly through the hopper exit opening 56. Then, when
the dispenser is tipped forwardly, one pill 51.1 will enter the
nozzle 54 and will be gravitationally biased downwardly from the
nozzle. One of the pill-receiving recesses 32 is located directly
below the nozzle 54 to catch the pill 51.1 when it falls. But the
pill is normally prevented from entering the pill-receiving recess
by means of a molded plastic pill-transport member 74 having an
integral flange 76 which is interposed horizontally between the
pill-delivery nozzle 54 and the plane of rotation of the
pill-receiving recesses 32, as illustrated in FIG. 5.
The pill transport member 74 also includes an integrally molded
block 78 which is slidably received with a channel 80 extending
transversely about halfway across the upper platform level 42 so as
to mount the entire pill transport member 74 for left-right sliding
movement thereacross. The flange 76 extends from the slide block 78
rearwardly toward the cartridge 50, below the level of the upper
platform level 42, so as normally to block the downward exit of a
pill 51 from the nozzle 54. Projecting upwardly from the slide
block 78 is an integrally molded actuator button 82 which is
accessible to the user of this pill dispenser from above the
platform 38 for sliding the pill transport member 74.
A flexible, integrally molded step pawl 84 is struck upwardly at a
shallow angle from the upper platform level 42, leaving a
rectangular pawl-receiving window i6 formed in the platform
directly below the pawl. The pawl 84 engages surface 88 of the
actuator button 82 as seen in FIG. 1, thus preventing the pill
transport member 74 from sliding to the left, and keeping the
flange 76 in position to block egress of a pill 51 from nozzle 54.
When, however, it is decided to move the pill transport member 74
to the left, the stop pawl 84 is easily flexed downwardly into its
receiving window 86, permitting the pill transport member 74 to
ride over the pawl. The transport member 74 then keeps pawl 84
depressed during the entire time that the transport member is
displaced in that direction. Note in FIG. 4 that the stop pawl 84
is preferably designed with a thinner cross sectional region 88 at
the place where it merges into the platform 38, to facilitate such
downward flexing.
The pill transport member 74 is formed with a horizontal kerf 90
extending between the actuator button 82 and the slide block 78, to
receive a connecting web 92 which is an integral part of the
platform 38. This web 92 connects the portions of the platform 38
on either side of the slide channel 80 and the pawl-receiving
window 86, thus strengthening the platform member 38. It also
supports and guides the pill transport member 74 in its left-right
sliding motion.
The sliding pill transport member 74 is formed with a pill
transport receptacle in the form of an aperture 94 extending
vertically through the flange 76. The leftward extreme of the
sliding motion of pill transport member 74 (illustrated in FIG. 7A)
is reached when a stop ledge 96 cut into one corner of the flange
76 strikes against a limiting surface 98 (FIGS. 2, 4, and 5) formed
at the underside of the platform 38. In this leftward limiting
position of the pill transport member 74, the pill transport
aperture 94 lines up with the pill delivery nozzle 54 and one of
the pill-receiving recesses 32 directly below it, and allows one
pill 51.1, as seen in FIG. 6, to drop downwardly out of the nozzle
54, and thus to enter the transport aperture 94 and receiving
recess 32. A window 58 is cut through the platform upper level 42,
permitting the user to look through that window and through the
transparent upper surface 60 of nozzle 54 to determine that a pill
has actually dropped into aperture 94 before attempting to operate
the transport member 74.
If the dispenser is inclined at the time pill 51.1 drops into
aperture 94, another pill 51.2 will enter the nozzle 54 directly
above the pill 51.1, but all vertical dimensions are so chosen that
the second pill 51.2 is prevented by the first pill 51.1 from also
dropping downwardly out of the nozzle. Thus, the two pills rest one
above the other as seen in FIG. 6.
The platform upper level 42 is formed with a pill output port 100
extending vertically therethrough. After pill 51.1 drops vertically
from the nozzle 54 into the pill-transport aperture 94, the pill
transport member 74 is slid to the right, using the actuator button
82 for that purpose. When the transport member reaches the
rightmost extreme of its motion (illustrated in FIG. 7D), which is
determined by contact with the adjacent upstanding wall 40, the
transport aperture 94 is aligned directly below the output port
100. Once the pill is thus delivered to a position directly below
the output port 100, it is only necessary for the user to invert
the dispenser mechanism, and the pill 51 will tumble out of the
aperture 94, through the port 100, and into the waiting hand of the
user. When the pill transport member 74 returns to its right hand
limiting position, it allows the pawl 84 to spring back into
blocking position.
Once the pill 51 is removed from the openings 32, 94, and 100, the
surface of the read-out disc 24 becomes visible therethrough. Thus,
the pill output port 100 serves as a reading index for a first one
of two groups of indicia on the disc 24, each comprising seven day
markings indicating Sunday through Saturday. The markings 22.1 of
the first group are located adjacent to corresponding
pill-receiving recesses 32, and arranged to be readable through
port 100 as seen in FIG. 1. These markings 22.1 indicate the day on
which the last pill 51.1, i.e. the one just removed from port 100,
was taken. To avoid confusion, the first series of markings 22.1 is
not visible anywhere else on the disc 24 because they are masked by
that portion of platform lower level 44 which is situated between
cut-outs 44a and 44b, and by upper level 42.
As best seen in FIG. 5, the flange 75 of the pill transport member
74 slides back and forth between its left and right extremes of
motion across the top surface of the read-out drive vanes 30.
Consequently, there is normally no driving connection between the
drive vanes 30 of the read-out disc 24 and the pill transport
member 74 as the latter slides between its pill pickup position at
the left, and its pill delivery position at the right. As a result,
motion of the pill-transport member 74 which does not involve the
actual transport of a pill 51 from one of the pill-receiving
recesses 32 to the pill output port 100 cannot be effective to
drive the read-out disc 24.
On the other hand, when there is a pill 51 resting in one of the
receiving recesses 32, that pill forms a mechanical driving
connection between the aperture 94 of the pill transport member 74
and the drive vanes 30 of the read-out disc 24 forms disc 24. With
reference to FIG. 6, it is seen that the read-out disc 24 forms the
bottom surface of the pill-receiving recesses 32 between each pair
of adjacent drive vanes 30. The depth of these recesses is shallow
in relation to the vertical thickness of the pill 51 resting
therein. As a result, when a pill is in, for example, recess 32.1,
the upper part of the pill extends upwardly into the pill-transport
aperture 94 of flange 76, and thus is fully engaged with both the
aperture 94 and drive vane 30.1. Accordingly, when the
pill-transport member 74 moves to the right from the initial
position of FIG. 7A through those of FIG. 7B and then FIG. 7C, the
left edge of the aperture 94 exerts a pill-transporting force to
the right against the pill 51.1 as indicated by arrows 102. The
resulting motion of the pill 51.1 then exerts a circumferential
force, indicated by arrows 106 in FIGS. 7B and 7C, against vane
30.1 immediately to the right of the pill. The pill is constrained
by the sliding transport member 74 to move in a straight line to
the right, while the driven vane 30.1 moves to the right and, at
the same time, also swings upwardly to take part in the rotation of
read-out disc 24. But as the vane rotates, the direction of the
force exerted thereon (arrow 106) remains circumferential. Thus,
the linear motion of slide 74 imparts an angular read-out-advancing
motion to the read-out disc 24, in the counter-clockwise direction
as indicated by arrows 108.
The slide flange 76, as seen in FIG. 6, has a thickness such that,
in removing the lower pill 51.1, the trailing portion of the flange
slides under the upper pill 51.2 to prevent the latter pill from
falling downwardly from the nozzle 54 and thereby blocking the
return of flange 76. In order to allow for small variations in the
vertical thickness of the pills 51, however, the flange 76 is
provided with a chamfered surface 112 sloping down toward the
pill-transport aperture 94 from the left. This permits the flange
76 reliably to cam under the second pill 51.2, without danger of
its becoming jammed against the pill. Such jamming would interfere
with the smooth operation of the dispenser, and possibly damage the
second pill 51.2.
Thereafter, the trailing portion of the flange 76 remains below the
next pill 51.2, to prevent it from dropping vertically down out of
the nozzle 54. Then, when it is time to take the next pill, the
user slides the pill transport member 74 back to the left, and the
pill transport aperture 94 comes back into alignment with the
nozzle 54, allowing the next pill 51.2 to drop into the aperture
for transport to the output port 100 as described above.
The mechanical coupling between the sliding pill 51.1 and the
adjacent drive vane 30.1 terminates shortly after the position
illustrated in FIG. 7C, as the pill passes a corner 30a of the
vane, which is rounded to allow the pill to slip by. The dispenser
is designed so that this decoupling occurs before the final
position seen in FIG. 7D is reached, to avoid the risk of jamming
the pill between the vane 30.1 and transport aperture 94.
Some other provision must then be made for rectifying the read-out
disc 24, i.e. driving it fully to its next incremental angular
position. This is necessary in order to indicate the next
successive pill-taking time unambiguously, and to align the next
successive pill-receiving recess 32.2 accurately with the
pill-delivery nozzle 54 so that the next pill 51.2 will fall
properly into place. The lower surface of the slide flange 76 is
therefore provided with a rectifying pawl 114 which has a generally
triangular configuration including a vertex 114a pointed in the
direction of pill-delivery motion, i.e. to the right as seen in
FIG. 7. FIG. 4 reveals that the rectifying pawl 114 projects
downwardly below the bottom of flange 76 and into the plane of the
read-out drive vanes 30. Before the pill 51.1 decouples from vane
30.1, the triangular nose 114a of the rectifying pawl enters
pill-receiving recess 32.3 (see FIG. 7C). Then after decoupling
occurs, pawl 114 engages drive vane 30.3. Thereafter, as the pill
transport member 74 moves to its final position, pawl 114 moves
vane 30.3 and read-out disc 24 all the way to its next incremental
read-out position; i.e., Monday replaces Sunday as the day
indication visible through the aperture 94 in FIG. 7D. The rear
surface 114b of the rectifying pawl is positioned so that it then
engages a somewhat pointed corner 30b of vane 30.4 to prevent
read-out disc 24 from over-shooting its final position. For this
purpose, the corners 30a and 30b of each vane are dissimilarly
shaped; i.e. each vane 30 is asymmetrical about its center line.
Each vane has one corner 30a which is rounded for ease of pill
disengagement and an opposite corner 30b which is distinctly more
pointed to engage the rectifying pawl surface 114b at the proper
time.
In the position of FIG. 7D, the vane 30.4 which engages pawl
surface 114b is not interposed in the path of leftward movement of
pawl 114, and thus does not block subsequent return of the pill
transport member 74 to withdraw the next pill 51.2. When leftward
return of the pill transport member 74 occurs, the transport member
is decoupled from the read-out disc 24, provided the delivered pill
51.1 has been removed from aperture 94; and thus the day indication
22.1 is not turned back from Monday to Sunday. On the other hand,
if the patient changes her mind about taking the pill 51.1 just
then, or for any other reason returns the transport member 94 to
the left while the pill 51.1 is still in the aperture 94, then the
transport member remains coupled to the read-out disc 24, and
therefore properly returns the day indication 22.1 from Monday to
Sunday as the member 74 returns the pill 51.1 to the position of
FIG. 7A. Thus, whether the pill is withdrawn or not, under both
circumstances the day indication adheres to the actual dosage
withdrawn from the dispenser.
For initial setting of the read-out disc 24, there must not be a
pill in the aperture 94. The user first withdraws pill transport
member 74 to the left, so that rectifying pawl 114 is decoupled
from the nearest vane 30.4 (see FIG. 7D). Then the user may reach
through the cut-out 44b which is provided for that purpose, and
manually engage the drive vanes 30 to rotate the disc 24. Note that
this operation can only be performed before the cartridge 50 is
inserted into the hopper 48, and thus before any pills are
dispensed. Therefore, the setting operation takes place at a time
when dosage synchronism cannot be manually altered. After the
read-out is set to an initial position and the cartridge 50
inserted, as seen in FIGS. 1 and 3, the cartridge blocks access to
the disc 24 through cut-out 44b, so that subsequent read-out
changes can occur only by disposing a pill for each time interval
advance. Thus dosage synchronism is preserved.
In addition to the first group of markings 22.1, a second identical
group of seven day markings 22.2 is located on the readout disc 24
radially outwardly of the first group 22.1. These markings 22.2 are
also masked by platform levels 42 and 44, and are visible (as seen
in FIGS. 1 and 7) only through a window 44d which is an inlet of
cut-out 44a. Thus, the window 44d serves as a reading index for the
second group of day markings 22.2. The markings 22.2 are so
synchronized with markings 22.1 as always to indicate the day upon
which the next pill 51 is to be taken, and are only visible before
the cartridge 50 is inserted. Thus they are used only for initially
setting the read-out disc 24 to indicate the day when the first
pill is to be taken. Afterward the markings 22.2 are hidden by the
opaque bottom wall 64 of cartridge 50 (see FIGS. 1 and 3), and
therefore cannot be confused with the pill indicia 22.1.
The discussion which follows, concerning the alternative pill
dispenser embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 14-30, is for the most
part keyed to the preceding discussion of FIGS. 1-13 by using
reference numerals the last two digits of which match the last two
digits of the reference numerals applied to elements performing
corresponding functions in previously described embodiments.
The alternative pill dispenser embodiment of FIGS. 10 and 11 is
similar in most respects to the embodiment just described, but
exhibits certain differences which will now be described. The
locking pawl 84 of the previous embodiment is omitted, and in its
place the pill transport member 274 of the present embodiment is
provided with a flexible detenting pawl 400 formed with a tooth 402
which cooperates with a detenting recess 404 formed on the platform
member 238 below the upper deck 242 thereof. The pawl tooth 402
engages the recess 404 to detain the pill transport member 274
releasably in its right-hand limiting position.
In addition, the step surface 246 is straight rather than
converging, giving the pill hopper 248 a generally rectangular
shape, and allowing it to accept a generally rectangular cartridge
250 comprising a transparent top wall 260 and non-transparent
bottom wall 264 joined by four vertical walls 262. The cartridge
250 snaps into place within the hopper 248 when a plurality of
projections 406, 408, and 410 are frictionally received
respectively within recess 506 (formed on the back wall 240 of the
base member 212), and recesses 508 and 510 (formed on the step
surface 246).
The cartridge 250 is olded of a fracturable plastic material and
has a break-off tab 412 formed as an integral forward extension of
the top wall 260. When the cartridge 250 is snapped into place
within the hopper 248, the break-off tab overlies the upper deck
242 as seen in FIG. 10, and thus is accessible for breaking off
after the cartridge has been loaded into the dispenser of FIGS. 10
and 11. A central gate portion 414 (see FIGS. 11 and 12) of the
cartridge front wall 262 is entirely separate from the remainder of
the front wall 262 (i.e., is divided therefrom at the lateral edges
of the gate panel 414), and also is separate from the bottom wall
264 (i.e. is divided therefrom along the bottom edge of gate panel
414). The gate is integrally connected to, and thus held in place
by, only the break-off tab 412 and a reinforcing rib 416 (FIGS. 12)
which connects the two.
The cartridge 250 of FIGS. 10-13 has an advantage over the
cartridge 50 of FIGS. 1 through 9 in that it can be loaded into the
hopper 248 while the gate 414 is in place. Thus pills 251 are
thereby positively retained inside the cartridge during loading.
Then, after loading, the cartridge 250 can be opened in place by
pulling up on the tab 412 which is accessible from above the upper
deck 242 (see arrow 418 in FIG. 12), to break off the tab 412 and
its attached gate panel 414. These parts are thus severed from the
top wall 260, and discarded. The removal of the gate then leaves a
one-pill-wide and one-pill-high portal 420 (FIG. 13) or opening in
the front wall 262 through which pills 251 drop one at a time out
of the cartridge 250 (see arrow 422, FIG. 13) and then slide over
the flange 276 and fall into the aperture 294 of pill transport
member 274 and one of the pill-receiving recesses 232 of the date
wheel 224.
During break-off, the reinforcing rib exerts an upward force on the
gate panel 414 to assure its removal along with the tab 412. A
suitable kerf 424 is cut just rearwardly of pill-viewing window 258
to accommodate the rib 416.
The dispenser of FIGS. 10 and 11 also differs in another respect
from that of the preceding figures. As previously noted, someone
might attempt to return the pill transport member while the
delivered pill is still in the pill transport aperture. Even though
this cannot disturb the synchronism between read-out and dosage
schedule, it might be advisable to provide an anti-reverse
mechanism for the read-out disc 224. This takes the form of a
flexible pawl 220 molded integrally with the lower platform level
244, and projecting into the cut-out 244a thereof. The anti-reverse
pawl 220 is formed with a tooth which projects radially inwardly
(relative to read-out disc 224) into successive engagement with
seven detent notches 222, one for each read-out position, formed at
spaced locations around the circumference of the disc 224. As seen
in FIG. 11, the notches 222 are asymmetrical, and the tooth of pawl
220 is shaped to cooperate therewith in a manner that permits
forward but not reverse angular motion of the read-out disc. As a
result, the pawl 220 is able to yield flexibly and ride out of the
detent notches 222 when the disc is rotated in the forward
direction, but locks against the detent notches when an attempt is
made to rotate the disc the wrong way.
Consequently, even if the delivered pill is left in the transport
aperture 294, the read-out disc 224 cannot be driven in the reverse
direction. If one attempts to drive it in the reverse direction by
means of the pill transport member 274, the pill transport member
cannot be moved. Thus, once a pill 251 becomes available at the
output port 200, the read-out unalterably reflects that fact.
Another advantage of the anti-reverse mechanism 220, 222 resides in
the fact that it also accomplishes final rectification of the
read-out disc 224. The pill transport member 274 need only rotate
the read-out disc 224 for enough for one of the detent notches 222
to capture the anti-reverse pawl 220, and thereafter the pawl
automatically rectifies the disc as it settles into the bottom of
that particular detent notch. After it bottoms in the detent notch,
the pawl holds the disc 224 precisely in the rectified position.
The pill transport member 274 need not, and does not, drive the
disc all the way to its rectified position, which eliminates the
danger that it will cause the disc 224 to over-shoot the desired
stopping point. As a result, it is unnecessary in this embodiment
to make the vanes 230 asymmetrical in order to avoid overshooting
(see the discussion of corners 30a and 30b above).
Another type of removable and replaceable pill cartridge which is
designed to fit in the dispenser of FIGS. 10 and 11, and to be
opened after the cartridge is loaded into the dispenser, is
illustrated in FIGS. 14 through 18. This cartridge, which is
generally designed to fit in the dispenser of FIGS. 10 and 11, and
to be opened after the cartridge is loaded into the dispenser, is
illustrated in FIGS. 14 through 18. This cartridge, which is
generally designated 130, comprises a generally rectangular
enclosure molded of a flexible plastic material, and includes a
floor panel 132, roof panel 134, and side panels 136. The top panel
134 and two opposing side panels 136 are slit at locations 138,
however, to form a pair of rocker panels 140 at opposite sides of
the cartridge 130. The panels 140 are molded in such an attitude
that they both slant upwardly and outwardly from a central region
142, and thereby rise above the level of the top panel 134 as seen
in FIGS. 14 and 15. The central region 142 is the only location at
which the opposed panels 140 are attached to the top panel 134, or
indeed to the remainder of the cartridge 130.
The material of the top panel 134 permits a certain degree or
torsional deflection. As a result, if one of the rocker panels 140
is depressed as indicated by arrow 144 in FIG. 16, central region
142 twists about its longitudinal axis and causes the opposite
rocker panel 140 to rise see-saw fashion, thus enlarging the space
146 between the raised panel 140 and the floor panel 132
immediately below it. In order to appreciate this fact, compare the
size of space 146 in FIG. 15, where both panels 140 are in their
normal positions, and the same space 146 as seen in FIG. 16 where
one of the panels 140 is depressed and the other is correspondingly
elevated.
The raising of one panel 140 by depressing the opposite panel
enables space 146 to be opened and closed so that it functions as a
controllable pill portal. The dimensions of the cartridge 130 are
chosen so that the pills 151 contained within the cartridge are too
large vertically to pass through the spaces 146 on either side of
the cartridge, when neither of the panels 140 is displaced. But the
space 146 does open wide enough in the vertical direction to admit
the passage of a pill 151, as indicated by arrow 148 in FIG. 16,
when the opposite panel 140 is sufficiently depressed in the manner
illustrated.
In order to permit the cartridge 132 to withstand the degree of
flexure required by this operating mode, the central region 142 of
the top panel has a reduced thickness in a roughly oval indicated
by a line 152. In addition, in order to relieve strains in the top
panel 134, circular openings 154 are formed at the terminations of
the severance lines 138 which divide the elevated panels 140 from
the remainder of the top panel 134.
In order to retain the cartridge 130 in place in the dispenser of
FIGS. 10 and 11, it is formed with three tabs 406', 408' and 410'.
These correspond to the tabs 406, 408, and 410 of the cartridge
illustrated in FIGS. 10 through 13, and are similarly positioned to
cooperate with recesses 506, 508, and 510 to retain the cartridge
in the dispenser. FIG. 17 illustrates the way in which the
cartridge 130 is inserted into the dispenser. FIG. 18 shows the
cartridge 130 received within the storage hopper of the dispenser,
and shows the tabs frictionally engaged within their cooperating
recesses. Also in FIG. 18 it is clearly seen that cartridge tab
406' and its cooperating dispenser recess 506 not only assist the
other cartridge tabs 408', 410' and the dispenser recesses 508, 510
in retaining the cartridge 130 in place within the dispenser, but
also retain the rear rocker panel 140.1 in depressed position, so
that the front rocker panel 140.2 is raised, permitting tablets 151
to be released from the cartridge 130 and delivered by the pill
transport mechanism of the dispenser. It will therefore be
appreciated that the cartridge 130 can be inserted in place within
the dispenser hopper 248 before depressing one of the rocker panels
140 to open the cartridge. Then, as the cartridge is pressed into
place in the hopper, and the rear rocker panel 140.1 is depressed
sufficiently to engage tab 406' in recess 506, the front rocker
panel 140.2 is raised sufficiently to open the cartridge and permit
the exit of pills 151 (see arrow 148 in FIG. 18).
In order to fill cartridges 130 with pills 151 at production
speeds, the cartridges may be formed in two separate parts. The
first part is a top member comprising the top panel 134, side
panels 136, rocker panels 140, and the tab 406'. The other part
comprises the bottom panel 132 and the tabs 408' and 410'. Prior to
assembly of the two parts, the top member 134, etc. is inverted to
serve as a pill-receiving dish, and the appropriate number of pills
151 are dropped in. Then, while the top member 134 etc. is still in
its inverted position and the pills 151 are contained therein, the
other member 136 etc. is assembled therewith and secured in place,
as for example by ultrasonic or solvent welding.
Because of the fact that it recloses upon release of the rocker
panel pressure represented by arrow 144 in FIG. 16, the type of
cartridge illustrated in FIGS. 14 through 18 is also useful as a
free-standing pill package (i.e. one which is used apart from a
dispenser.) Thus, FIGS. 19-22 show a free-standing pill package 330
which is basically similar in construction to the cartridge 130 of
FIGS. 14-18. It includes a bottom panel 332, a top panel 334 and
side panels 336. The top panel is divided along lines 338 into
elevated panels 340 which rock in see-saw fashion about a central
region 342. The rocking action is aided by circular openings 354
and a reduced thickness in the area indicated by line 352. The
opening and closing action of the package 330 is entirely similar
to that of cartridge 130 described above. Thus, FIG. 21 shows
panels 340 at equal height, leaving the pill cartridge in closed
condition; while in FIG. 22 it is seen that pressure represented by
an arrow 344 depresses one of the panels 340 and raises the other
one high enough to permit pills 351 to exit through an opening 346
as indicated by arrow 348.
Package 330 differs from cartridge 130, however, in that it lacks
the tabs 406', 408' and 410' for cooperation with a dispenser as
indicated in FIGS. 17 and 18. This is because the package 330 is
intended to be used as a free-standing pill package, without any
automatic date indicating or advancing features. For example, it is
particularly useful as an inexpensive aspirin tablet package. When
the pressure represented by arrow 344 of FIG. 22 is released, the
package 330 spontaneously returns to the closed condition
illustrated by FIG. 21. Thus, the user can carry the pill package
330 about in a purse or pocket, confident that the pills 351 will
not escape. Yet when the need for a pill arises, simple pressure on
one of the panels 340 is enough to raise the opposite panel 340 and
open the portal 346 wide enough for a pill 351 to escape.
In a preferred embodiment of the pill-package 330, provision is
made to prevent more than one or two pills 351 from passing through
the portal 356 at a given time. This consists of a pill barrier 360
which surrounds on three sides a pill trap in the form of a
depressed pocket 362 formed in the bottom panel 332. The height of
the barrier 360 is such that each one of the pills 351 has
sufficient clearance to pass between the barrier and the adjacent
rocker panel 340 when the latter is in its normal (i.e. closed)
position as illustrated in FIG. 21. The user manually inverts and
jostles pill package 330 so that one or more pills 351 are thrown
over the barrier 360. Once the pocket 362 is filled, however, no
more pills 351 can enter it. The pocket 362 is made large enough to
hold a predetermined number of pills, which depends upon the type
of medication. If the package 330 is used for aspirin, which is
normally taken in double dosage, the recess 360 would be large
enough to hold two tablets. Once the trap 360, 362 is filled with
the appropriate number of pills, then the portal 346 can be opened
as illustrated in FIG. 22, and the pill package 330 inclined so
that all the pills 351 which are within the packet 362 will fall
out. But the pill barrier 360 will prevent any other pills 351 from
reaching the open portal 346 at that time.
FIGS. 23, 24, 24A and 27 illustrate still another embodiment of a
pill dispenser in accordance with this invention, which is
generally similar to the preceding embodiments except for the
following features. First, an anti-reverse mechanism in this
embodiment comprises a plurality of flexible, tangentially oriented
pawls 620 which are molded integrally with the read-out disc 624,
and cooperate with a single detent notch 622 formed in a ridge 623
integrally molded on the bottom surface of the lower deck 644. FIG.
23 illustrates one of the anti-reverse pawls engaged in the detent
notch to prevent retrograde motion of the disc 624. Since
anti-reverse mechanisms inherently accomplish rectification as
well, the vanes 630 of disc 624 are symmetrical.
A second distinctive feature of this embodiment relates to its
cooperation with another type of pill cartridge 650 designed to be
opened after insertion into the dispenser. As seen in FIGS. 25 and
26, this cartridge comprises a bottoom sheet 664 of molded plastic
material. The bottom layer is formed into a dish shape to define a
shallow rectangular pill receptacle 665, and a peripheral flange
667. A top plastic sheet 660 overlies the receptacle and flange,
and the portion 660a thereof which covers flange 667 is heat-sealed
thereto in order to form a closed pill package.
To facilitate opening of the cartridge 650, the front edge of the
flange 667 of bottom layer 664 is extended forwardly to define a
tear tab 612. This tab is scored for removal from the remainder of
flange 667 along lines 669. These lines are extended across the
front wall 662 of receptacle 665 as indicated by score lines 671.
The latter lines are joined by a transverse score line 673 which
cooperates therewith to define a removable gate panel 614 which is
joined to the tear tab 612 along an unscored fold line 673. Thus
the tear tab 612 can be pulled forwardly as indicated by arrow 675
to remove the gate panel 614. The latter then separates entirely
from the pill receptacle 665 along score lines 671 and 673, leaving
an open portal 620 (FIG. 26) formed in the front wall 662, through
which pills 651 can emerge.
The present cartridge, like those of FIGS. 10 through 18, can be
opened after insertion into the appropriate dispenser. Referring to
FIGS. 23, 24 and 24A, the upper deck 642 of the dispenser
illustrated therein is formed with a curved surface 642a which cams
the tear tab 612 upwardly upon cartridge insertion. The curvature,
and its camming action in relation to tab 612, are illustrated in
FIG. 24A. The camming surface 642a surrounds the pill-viewing
window 658 formed in deck 642, and is directly behind a transverse
bridge member 677. Side surfaces 679 at a lowermost level of the
hopper 648 are laterally spaced apart the right distance to receive
the lower pill receptacle portion 665 of cartridge 650. The upper
flanges 667, 660a are received between more widely spaced upper
surfaces 681 of the hopper 648. In addition, the cartridge flanges
slide underneath a pair of lips 683 which are undercut at 693 (FIG.
24A) to receive the flanges and thereby retain the cartridge to the
dispenser. When the cartridge 650 is fully inserted, the front edge
of the flange strikes against the front surface 685 of hopper 648.
The forwardly projecting tear tab 612, however, slides under the
bridge 677 and is cammed upwardly through window 658 by curved
surface 642a. This makes the tear tab 612 accessible from above
surface 642, so that it can be pulled off as indicated by arrow 675
to open the cartridge after insertion in the dispenser. Pills 651
can then move forwardly out of the cartridge 650 as indicated by
arrow 687, and fall downwardly into one of the pill receptacles 632
as indicated by arrow 689.
In order to keep dirt out and the pills 651 in, a "lid" is provided
to block the window 658 after opening the cartridge 650. The lid
consists of a tab 660b integral with the cartridge upper layer 660.
This tab, plus an extension 660c, projects forwardly from the
cartridge and is initially coextensive with the tear tab 612
therebelow. The extension 660c is heat-sealed to the tear tab 612
in order to keep cartridge 650 closed until the time comes to open
it, and in order to make elements 660c, 660b and 612 act as a unit
when cammed upwardly by curved surface 642a. Lid 660b, however, is
separable from its extension 660c along a score line 691, and is
not heat-sealed to the removable tear tab 612. Consequently, as
seen in FIGS. 25 and 26, the tear tab 612 and extension 660c are
removed together, and leave behind the lid 660b to close off window
658. Plastic layer 660 is transparent, however, so that the user
can look through it to verify that a pill 651 has entered the
receptacle 632 when using the dispenser.
Note in FIG. 24A that lid 660b and its extension 660c together are
long enough to extend above the surface of deck 642 for ease of
grasping before the cartridge 650 is opened, but afterward the
shorter length of the remaining lid portion 660b causes it to fall
below the surface of the deck 642 (as indicated by the dashed
lines) where it is out of the way.
A third distinctive feature of the dispenser of FIGS. 23, 24 and 27
relates to detecting means for establishing two distinct operating
positions for the pill transport member 674. With reference to
FIGS. 23 and 27, a rounded boss 610 is integrally molded on the
upper surface of deck 642, and protrudes into the path of slide
button 682 during pill delivery (i.e. leftward) movement of the
transport member 674. In order to move out of its rest position and
deliver a pill, the slide button 682 must ride over the boss 601. A
groove 603 is formed in the underside of the button, and a dimple
605 is also formed therein near the end of the groove. An
unrelieved space between dimple 605 and the trailing end of groove
603 defines, in effect, a ridge 607. At the leading end of groove
603 a similar unrelieved space defines, in effect, a ridge 609.
When the transport member 674 is moved to the left for pill
delivery purposes, boss 601 snaps under ridge 609, after which it
rides within the groove 603. At the end of the pill delivery travel
of member 674, boss 601 snaps under ridge 607, and the pill
transport member 674 comes to rest with the boss received in dimple
605, thus precisely defining the leftward extreme of pill transport
motion. When the pill transport member is returned to the right,
boss 601 snaps under ridge 607, travels through groove 603 in the
opposite direction, and finally snaps under the ridge 609. The
final position, illustrated in FIG. 27 precisely defines the
rightward extreme of member 674.
Another distinctive feature of this embodiment relates to locking
the cover 614 so that a child finding the dispenser would have
difficulty in reaching the pill cartridge 650 inside. As best seen
in FIGS. 23 and 24, the dispenser cover 614 terminates at a front
edge 614a which falls just behind the slide button 682 when the
cover 614 is closed. In addition, as seen in FIGS. 23, 24 and 27,
the front edge 614a is formed with a forwardly projecting flange
614b at the right hand side of the cover 614. A corresponding slot
682a is formed in the rear surface of slide button 682 at the right
hand side thereof, and is appropriately sized to receive the cover
flange 614b in sliding engagement therewith. When the cover 614 is
closed (as shown by the solid lines), and pill transport member 674
is moved to the right to its rest position, slot 682a slides into
engagement with flange 614b. The resulting engagement causes button
682 to retain cover 614 in its closed position. The cover then can
not be raised to its open position (shown by dashed lines) unless
the pill transport member 674 is first moved far enough to the left
to release the slot 682a from flange 614b.
FIGS. 28 through 30 illustrate still another embodiment of a pill
dispenser in accordance with this invention, which is generally
similar to the embodiment of FIGS. 23 and 24, but differs in two
important respects, one pertaining to the molding of the dispenser,
and the other to a latching closure for the cover of the
dispenser.
The embodiment of FIGS. 28 thorugh 30 is advantageously molded of
only four separate parts: one which includes the case cover 714,
the side walls 740 of the lower half of the case and the plastic
platform 738; a second which comprises the pill transport member
774; a third which comprises the read-out disc 724; and a fourth
which comprises a bottom panel 728.
The cover member 714 is integrally formed with an L-shaped clasp
720 designed to mate with a latching recess 718 formed on the
bottom panel 728. The cover 714, is connected to the platform 738
by an integrally molded hinge web 716. The platform 738 is stepped
to define the upper level 742 and lower level 744. The pill
cartridge, which is preferably of the type illustrated in FIGS. 24
through 26, fits into a hopper or receptacle 748 which is defined
by the platform lower level 744 and terraced side surfaces 779 and
781. Undercut lips 783 are provided for guiding and retaining the
pill cartridge. A large window 744b is provided for setting the
time read-out disc 724 and a smaller window 744d is provided for
reading the day indications on the disc during setting. A ridge 823
formed on the underside of the lower platform surface 744 is shaped
to provide a detent recess 822. A circular boss 736 depends from
the lower surface of the deck 744 to provide a hub for journaling
the read-out disc 724.
The upper platform level 742 is formed with a pill observation
window 758 surrounding which are curved surfaces 742a for camming
the tear tab of the pill cartridge up above the level of surface
742, and a bridge member 747 which guides the tear tab against the
camming surface 742a upon initial insertion of the pill cartridge.
A pill delivery window 800 is also formed in the platform level
742. In this instance it is located to the left of the viewing
window 758.
The forward region of the upper platform level 742 is stepped
downwardly to provide a running surface 742b for the slide button
782 of the pill transport member 774. Since in this embodiment the
platform 738 is molded integrally with the side walls 740, the
channel 780 in which the pill transport member 774 reciprocates
does not open through to the side of the platform 738.
Consequently, the pill transport member 774 and platform 738 are
assembled by inserting the slide button upwardly through the open
bottom of the platform 738 and through the slide channel 780. Once
the slide button 782 is inserted up above the level of the step
742b, then it is able to move to the left across the step 742b and
ride over the detenting boss 701.
The second of the four plastic molded parts, the pill transport
member 774, comprises the slide button 782 and a flange 776 which
is formed with a pill transport aperture 794 and a downwardly
extending pawl 814 which partially accomplishes rectification of
the read-out disc 724. The rectification function performed by the
pawl 814 is only partial since final rectification is accomplished
by the flexible detenting pawls 820 of read-out disc 724, in
cooperation with the detenting notch 822 on the underside of
platform level 744.
The step level 742b is only able to support transport member 774
vertically when the transport member is moved to the left, riding
over the detent boss 701. When the transport member 774 is in the
right position, it can become disassembled downwardly from the step
level 742b, because the slide button 782 passes downwardly through
the slide channel 780 as easily as it passes upwardly during
initial assembly. Therefore the bottom of panel 728 is formed with
a raised rectangular supporting boss 900 located at the front right
hand corner thereof, where it is directly below a heel 782a formed
below slide button 782. This boss 900 engages heel 782a to support
the pill transport member 774 from underneath when all the parts
are assembled and the pill transport member is moved to its far
right position.
In addition to the flexible detent pawls 820, the read-out disc 724
has integrally molded thereon the vanes 730 which cooperate with a
pill to form part of the mechanical coupling from the transport
member 774. The two series of day indicia 722.1 and 722.2 appear on
the read-out disc 724 and are intended to be read through windows
800 and 744d respectively. A central opening 734 permits the
read-out disc to be journaled upon a circular boss 736 extending
downwardly from the lower surface of platform level 744. In the
assembly of this dispenser, the read-out disc 724 is inserted
upwardly through the open bottom of member 738 after the pill
transport member 774 is put in place.
It will now be understood that the advantage of molding this
embodiment of the dispenser in four parts, and making the side
walls 740 integral with the platform 738 rather than with the
bottom panel 728, is that assembly of the dispenser after molding
is considerably more convenient. In order to prevent
cyrstallization of the flexiable hinge web 716 between cover 714
and shelf 738, the hinge must be flexed a couple of times soon
after molding. Then after the flexing of the hinge webbing 716 is
accomplished, ease of handing of the molded units dictates that the
cover 714 be left in the closed position illustrated in FIG. 729
while the molded part 714, 738 is shipped to the next station for
assembly with the other molded parts 774, 724 and 728. To avoid the
necessity for reopening the cover 714 to permit such assembly, the
unit is designed for assembly from below so that the cover 714 can
remain closed. Thus the pill transport member 774 is inserted from
below, passing the slide button 782 through the slide channel 780;
then the read-out disc 724 is inserted, passing the circular boss
736 downwardly through the journal opening 734, and finally the
bottom panel 728 is inserted in the bottom opening. The fact that
assembly can be accomplished without the need for reopening the
case cover 714 makes it easier for the assembly operation to be
automated, and thereby decreases the production cost of the pill
dispenser unit.
After insertion of the bottom panel 728 upwardly into the open
bottom of member 738, the panel 748 is secured in place by
heat-sealing, ultrasonic or solvent welding, or other conventional
assembly methods commonly used with plastic materials. In the
alternative the parts may be adapted for a snap fit to permit
subsequent disassembly should that be desired. In addition to the
supporting boss 900 which retains the pill transport member 774 in
place under conditions described above, the bottom panel 728 is
formed with an upwardly extending circular boss 902 which passes
through the central aperture 734 of the read-out disc 724 and is
received within a cooperating central recess 904 (see FIG. 29) on
the underside of platform boss 736. The bottom panel 728 is also
formed with an oddly shaped aperture 718 which cooperates with the
clasp 720 formed on the case cover 714.
The clasp 720 is an L-shaped member connected at one end to the
case cover 714 by a flexible integrally molded hinge webbing 904.
At its other end the clasp 720 is formed with a latching dog 906
having slanted surfaces 906a and 906b which cooperate with
similarly slanted surfaces 718a and 718b respectively of the recess
718 formed in the bottom panel 728. In order to latch the case
cover 714 in its closed position, the L-shaped clasp 720 is swung
downwardly and the latching dog 906 is pressed upwardly into the
recess 718 so that surfaces 906a and 906b mate with surfaces 718a
and 718b respectively as seen in FIG. 30.
When the latch is in this closed position illustrated by FIG. 30,
it restrains opening of the cover 714 because upward pressure on
the cover would merely serve to bind surfaCe 906b against surface
718b owing to the re-entrant angles of those surfaces. Thus the
latch mechanism of this embodiment serves to prevent unauthorized
access to the medication contained in the pill dispenser, by
defeating the apparent logical procedure for opening the cover 714,
i.e. pulling upwardly thereon.
The way to open the cover 714 is to push rearwardly, as illustrated
by arrow 908 in FIG. 30, against a rounded belly 910 of the clasp
720, which is spaced somewhat away from the adjacent wall 740. The
belly 910 is flexible enough to deform toward the wall 740 in
response to the pressure represented by arrow 908. At the same
time, surface 906a cams against surface 718a and, because of the
angle of these surfaces, cams the latching dog 906 downwardly out
of the recess 718 as indicated by arrow 912. This releases the
latching engagement between dog 906 and recess 718, and then
permits the cover 714 to be opened by the normal upward motion.
The operation of all previously discussed dispenser embodiments is
such that when the pill transport member, e.g. element 74 in FIGS.
1 through 7, is in its rest position (i.e. to the right, as seen in
FIG. 7D) the first pill 51.1 to enter nozzle 54 rests on flange 76,
and cannot then enter the transport aperture 94. Subsequently the
first, or leftward, movement of the transport member 74 brings the
aperture 94 into pill-receiving position, after which the second,
or return, movement of the transport member to the right causes
that pill 51.1 to rotate the read-out disc 24 counter-clockwise.
After its return to the right, the transport member is again in its
rest position, and the next pill 51.2 to enter nozzle 54 again
rests on flange 76.
In the alternative embodiment of FIGS. 28 through 30 the positions
of the transport aperture and rectifying pawl are reversed relative
to FIGS. 1 through 7; i.e. the aperture 794 is at the left side of
flange 776 and the pawl 814 is at the right. When the transport
member 774 is in its rest position the first pill is able to enter
the transport aperture 794 immediately. Rotation of the read-out
disc 724 (in the clockwise direction, in contrast to the preceding
embodiments) then takes place on the first, or leftward, stroke of
the pill transport member 774. Then when the pill transport member
774 is returned to the right to its rest position, the next pill
immediately reloads the aperture 794 and remains there until the
next operating cycle.
The first (i.e. leftward) stroke of the pill transport member 774
is effective, not only to rotate the date disc 724, but also to
deliver the pill to the output port 800. Later, the return
(rightward) stroke of transport member 774 causes it to vacate the
output port. Therefore, if the user were, for some reason, to drop
the pill into the output port 800 after the trnasport member 774 is
returned to the right, the pill might then slip out from under the
port 800 and slide around loose under the platform 742, making
retrieval difficult. In order to prevent such escape of the pill
under these circumstances, a boss 914 (FIG. 28) is integrally
formed on the underside of platform 742, just to the left of the
pill output port 800. As a result, if anyone should return a pill
to the output port 800 after returning transport member 774 to the
right, the pill would be caged on all four sides, i.e. on the left
by the depending boss 914, on the right by the left shoulder of
transport member 774, in the rear by the adjacent one of the disc
drive vanes 730, and in the front by the vertical step which
divides the lower platform level 742b from the rest of platform
742. The pill is also supported from below by the date disc 724. As
a result, it cannot escape, but must remain directly below the
output port 800, a position from which it is easily retrieved.
CONCLUSION
It will now be appreciated that the pill storage and dispensing
device of this invention is designed for uncompromising synchronism
between the dosage schedule and the pill interval read-out. The
mechanism which transports each pill from the storage hopper to the
output port is not normally coupled to advance the read-out a full
increment (although there may be a momentary connection between
them which moves the read-out less than a full increment for the
limited purpose of rectification). The only time that the pill
transport mechanism can advance the read-out one full increment is
when the two are coupled together by a pill in the process of
delivery. The mechanism is designed so that even if reverse motion
of the time read-out is possible, such motion is unable to
introduce asynchronism between the dosage schedule and the
read-out. Auxiliary time indications are provided, for use in the
initial setting of the read-out. But this auxiliary read-out is
only visible, and indeed the process of initial read-out setting is
only possible, prior to the insertion of a pill cartridge, and
hence prior to the start of a dosage schedule.
The cartridge is a removable and replaceable pill container which
may have provision for opening after insertion into the dispenser,
and may also be usable as a free-standing pill package apart from
the dispensing mechanism. The dispenser preferably has a cover, and
provision may be made for locking the cover to prevent unauthorized
access to the medication.
Since the foregoing description and drawings are merely
illustrative, the scope of protection of the invention has been
more broadly stated in the following claims; and these should be
liberally interpreted so as to obtain the benefit of all
equivalents to which the invention is fairly entitled.
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