U.S. patent number 3,831,599 [Application Number 05/287,492] was granted by the patent office on 1974-08-27 for anaesthesia machines.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Cyprane Limited. Invention is credited to David Alan Needham.
United States Patent |
3,831,599 |
Needham |
August 27, 1974 |
ANAESTHESIA MACHINES
Abstract
A console rack for anaesthesia equipment, the rack having
apparatus whereby an anesthesia unit can be plugged into position
by access from the front of the rack and held in that position. The
plug apparatus may be plug or socket elements for receiving mating
connecting elements on an anaesthesia unit and may be appropriately
interconnected by fluid circuit pipework built into the rear of the
console rack. Bays on the rack for receiving anaesthesia units, and
anaesthesia units for fitting in these bays may be designed on the
modular principle.
Inventors: |
Needham; David Alan (Keighley,
EN) |
Assignee: |
Cyprane Limited (Keighley,
Yorkshire, EN)
|
Family
ID: |
26255101 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/287,492 |
Filed: |
September 8, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
128/203.12 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
16/1015 (20140204); A61M 16/186 (20130101); A61B
90/00 (20160201) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
19/00 (20060101); A61M 16/10 (20060101); A61M
16/18 (20060101); A61m 016/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/188,371,2.1R,2.5R,140,184,1 ;52/67,79,236,173 ;312/209,DIG.15
;211/71 ;285/119 ;137/343,356 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Recla; Henry J.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Stevens, Davis, Miller &
Mosher
Claims
What I claim is:
1. Anaesthesia equipment including a rack, an anaesthesia unit
plugged into position on said rack, at least two fluid-connecting
elements on the rack, at least two mating elements on said
anaesthesia unit, each one of said fluid-connecting elements
engaging with one of said mating elements in plug-in fashion to
effect a fluid-conveying connection, an inlet for fluid, an outlet
for fluid, and fluid-circuit pipework means fixed to the rack for
interconnecting both said fluid inlet with one of said
fluid-connecting elements and said fluid outlet with another of
said fluid-connecting elements.
2. Anaesthesia equipment according to claim 1 in which said rack
and said anaesthesia unit have fluid connecting and mating elements
allowing said unit to be plugged into position from the front of
said rack, the axes of at least some of said fluid connecting and
mating elements being perpendicular to the plane of said rack.
3. Anaesthesia equipment according to claim 1 in which said rack
and said anaesthesia unit have fluid connecting and mating elements
allowing said unit to be plugged into position from above and to
the front of said rack, the axes of at least some of said fluid
connecting and mating elements lying in or parallel to the plane of
said rack.
4. Anaesthesia equipment according to claim 1 in which said rack
has a front face and a top face perpendicular to said front face,
said top face being provided with mating elements having axes
perpendicular to said top face, and said front face being provided
with mating elements having axes perpendicular to said front
face.
5. Anaesthesia equipment according to claim 1 including first and
second fluid connecting elements secured to the rack, a by-pass
connection interconnecting said first and second fluid connecting
elements, and sealing means including valve means operable by the
presence of first and second mating elements engaged with said
first and second fluid connecting elements respectively to allow
fluid to flow through said first and second fluid connecting
elements, and in the absence of said mating elements allowing fluid
to flow along said by-pass connection.
6. Anaesthesia equipment according to claim 1 and having one or
more anaesthesia units secured thereto without plug
connections.
7. Anaesthesia equipment according to claim 6 in which a gas mixer
unit and a selector valve are secured to the rack without plug
connections, the rack has two or more sets of inlet and outlet
fluid connecting elements each for engaging mating elements of an
anaesthetic vaporizer, and said fluid circuit pipework means
connects said gas mixer unit, said selector valve and said inlet
fluid connecting elements in such a way that said selector valve
may be operated to direct gas from said mixer unit to said inlet
fluid connecting element of any selected set.
8. Anaesthesia equipment according to claim 7 in which said
selector valve is connected by further fluid circuit pipework means
to said outlet connecting elements of said sets and is operative to
direct gas from said outlet connecting element of any selected set
to a supply outlet, said selector valve being connected to said
supply outlet.
9. Anaesthesia equipment according to claim 1 and comprising a
number of defined bays each for receiving an anaesthesia unit.
10. Anaesthesia equipment according to claim 9 in which some or all
of said bays are provided with indexing means for cooperating with
indexing means on anaesthesia units to ensure that only a
particular type of unit may be mounted in a particular bay.
11. Anaesthesia equipment according to claim 9 in which some or all
of said bays have outlet and inlet fluid connecting elements.
12. Anaesthesia equipment according to claim 9 in which some or all
of said bays have electrical plugs or sockets.
13. Anaesthesia equipment according to claim 9 in which some or all
of said bays are designed on the modular principle to receive
anaesthesia units constructed to a standard measure of length or
width or both.
Description
This invention relates to anaesthesia machines. Machines at present
in use incorporate a back-bar to which the various anaesthesia
units, such as flowmeters and vaporizers, are secured. Fluid
connections between the various units are made by mating sockets
and spigots aligned to give a flow path which is generally parallel
to the back-bar. The seals obtained between the sockets and spigots
are often not very satisfactory. Installation and removal of these
units is a time-consuming and cumbersome operation. Apart from
routine maintenance difficulties this can cause dangers if any unit
should fail while the machine is in use during an operation. The
failed unit can not be replaced rapidly and it is necessary to
replace the entire machine with a standby machine which may be more
or less ready for use. Further difficulty arises in operations
wherein cauterization is necessary after the use of an explosive
anaesthetic, such as ether.
According to the present invention there is provided a console rack
for anaesthesia equipment, the rack having means whereby an
anaesthesia unit can be plugged into position by access from the
front of the rack and held in that position.
A plug-in system of this nature simplifies the installation and
removal of units from the machine, so facilitating maintenance.
Replacement of a single unit if this should fail during an
operation can easily be made, and there is no need to use a standby
machine. When cauterizing after using an explosive anaesthetic the
vaporizer that contained the anaesthetic can be removed from the
machine and taken outside the operating theatre before
cauterization commences, so removing any danger of explosion.
The rack preferably has plug or socket elements for receiving
mating connection elements on an anaesthesia unit, and the axes of
at least some of these elements may lie perpendicular to the plane
of the rack or may lie in or parallel to the plane of the rack. In
a particularly advantageous arrangement the rack has a front face
and a top face perpendicular to the front face, the top face being
provided with plug or socket elements having axes perpendicular to
the top face, and the front face being provided with plug or socket
elements having axes perpendicular to the front face.
Appropriate ones of the plug or socket elements may desirably be
interconnected by fluid circuit pipework built into the rear of the
console rack. This built-in construction is of course highly
advantageous although it is possible to use loose flexible piping
for the connections between the various units, such piping either
being direct between two units or between two sockets of the rack,
to which sockets the units are connected.
Preferably the sockets in each bay are self-sealing to prevent
fluid escaping when no unit is in place in that bay. Where the bay
is provided with inlet and outlet sockets the valving may be of
such a nature that when a unit is not present a fluid by-pass
connection is made across the inlet and outlet sockets, and when a
unit is present fluid may flow from the outlet and to the inlet.
Continuity of the fluid circuit through a bay is thus maintained
even if there is no unit in that bay.
Continuity may alternatively be achieved by the use of a connection
block to connect the inlet and outlet sockets.
The console rack may comprise a number of defined bays, and as it
may be undesirable to have certain anaesthesia units positioned in
certain bays of the console, some or all bays may therefore be
provided with indexing means co-operating with indexing means on
the units to ensure that only a particular type of unit may be
mounted in a particular bay. The indexing means may simply be
different bay sizes, or the plugs or sockets provided in the bays
may be indexed so that they will receive only a particular style of
connector with which a unit is provided. Preferably, however, the
indexing means are separate from the plug or socket elements.
Some or all of the bays may be designed on the modular principle to
receive anaesthesia units constructed to a standard measure of
length or width or both. Some or all of the bays of the console are
conveniently provided with at least two sockets for connection to
fluid-carrying lines. Some or all of the bays may also be provided
with electrical plugs or sockets for making electrical connection
to units in those bays.
In order that the invention may be better understood specific
embodiments thereof will now be described, by way of example only,
with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic front elevation of a first form of rack with
anaesthesia units thereon;
FIG. 2 is a view, partly in section, taken on the line A--A of FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic rear elevation of the rack of FIG. 1, with a
cover plate removed;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front elevation of a second form of rack with
units fitted thereto;
FIG. 5 is a view taken on the line B--B of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a third form of rack;
and
FIG. 7 is a section through a valved socket assembly.
FIGS. 1 to 3 show a simple form of the invention wherein a console
rack takes the form of a bar 1 of U-shaped cross section and having
a front face 2, a top face 3 and a bottom face 4. The open rear
face of the bar is closed by a removable cover plate 5. The ends of
the top and bottom faces are formed with holes for receiving bolts
by way of which the bar may be mounted on an anaesthesia machine,
floor stand, wall bracket, ceiling bracket, arm from an operating
table or other form of support.
The bar is designed to receive and support two plug-on anaesthetic
vaporizers 6 and 7, each designed for use with a different
anaesthetic. To this end the top face 3 of the bar is formed with a
first pair of inlet and outlet spigots 8 and 9 for the vaporizer 6,
and with a second pair of inlet and outlet spigots 10 and 11 for
the vaporizer 7. Each spigot has a stem 12 (FIG. 2) threaded into a
tapped bore in the top web of the bar and having means at its lower
end to which a fluid pipe connector 13 can be secured. Each spigot
carries an O-ring seal 14. Each of the vaporizers 6 and 7 comprises
a body 15 having a rearwardly projecting upper flange 16 formed
with two sockets such as 17 which fit over the respective inlet and
outlet spigots, the O-ring seal 14 ensuring that the resulting
connection is fluid-tight. The sockets connect by way of bores such
as 18 with the interior of the vaporizer, which may be of
conventional internal construction.
Bolted to the front face 2 of the bar in a conventional manner is a
mixer unit 19 designed to receive gases (for examples oxygen and
nitrous oxide) from gas supply lines connected to the mixer unit.
The mixer unit may be of any design which will allow control of
total output gas flow and of the proportions of different gases in
the output flow. Mounted within the bar is a selector valve 20
having a control knob 21 exposed on the front face 2. The selector
valve has two banks of valve connections operated in tandem by the
control knob and may be of any suitable construction.
The output from the mixer unit 19 is connected to the input of a
first bank of valve connections by a conduit 22, and two separate
outlet connections of that bank are connected by conduits 23, 24 to
the input spigots 8, 10 respectively for vaporizers 6 and 7. The
output spigots 9, 11 respectively are connected by conduits 25, 26
to two separate inlet connections of a second bank of the valve,
and the outlet connection from that bank is connected by a conduit
27 to a supply spigot 28, which may be of the tapered form
specified by International Standards or may be similar to spigots 8
to 11 the front face 2 of the bar, this supply spigot forming the
outlet for the supply of mixed carrier gas and anaesthetic vapor to
the patient.
With the valve in the position shown in the Figures gas from the
mixer unit 19 flows through conduit 22, the first bank of the valve
and conduit 23 into vaporizer 6. Gas loaded with anaesthetic vapor
then flows from vaporizer 6 through conduit 25, the second bank of
the valve, conduit 27 and the outlet spigot for supply to the
patient.
By changing the position of the valve 20 by rotation of knob 21 the
vaporizer 7 may be connected into the circuit rather than the
vaporizer 6. It will be seen that the vaporizer that is not
connected into the circuit is totally isolated from the gas flow.
Cross-contamination of the anaesthetics from the two vaporizers,
which may be potentially dangerous, is thus avoided. This parallel
connection of vaporizers is not necessary, and the conventional
system of series connected vaporizers may be used, and the selector
valve then omitted.
The assembly shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 also includes a conduit 29
connecting a supply of pure oxygen from a connection 30 in mixer
unit 19 to a valve 31 which may be operated to pass oxygen to the
supply spigot 28. This provides an emergency oxygen supply which
can be administered to the patient as required by a suitable
control 31a for valve 31.
From the foregoing description it will be appreciated. that the
vaporizers may be removed from and fitted to the rack in a very
simple manner, merely by lifting the vaporizer sockets off the
spigots or lowering them on to the spigots. When in position on the
spigots the vaporizer is held securely on the bar 1. If required, a
vaporizer may be removed from the bar and the exposed spigots may
then be connected by a connecting block having sockets for fitting
over the spigots, the sockets being connected by an internal bore
in the block.
FIGS. 4 and 5 show a rack comprising a plate 40 to which are
secured two forwardly projecting elements 41, 42 and two rearwardly
projecting webs 43, 44. A back plate 45 is fixed to the webs 43,
44. Secured to the rack in a conventional manner are a set of
pressure gauges 46, a mixer unit 47, a selector valve 48, and a
plate 49 having an emergency oxygen outlet valve control 50 and a
gas anaesthetic vapor outlet spigot 51. The upper web 43 has two
sets of spigots 52, 53 and 54, 55 into which sockets on two
vaporizers 56, 57 plug as already described, the vaporizers being
further supported by element 41. Below the element 41 the plate 40
has two sets of spigots 58, 59 and 60, 61 projecting with their
axes perpendicular to the plate 40. Plugged into one set of the
spigots are sockets on a volumeter 62, and plugged onto the other
set are sockets on a ventilator 63, the volumeter and ventilator
being further supported by element 42. The four sets of spigots,
the pressure gauges, the mixer unit, the selector valve, the
emergency oxygen spigot and the gas/anaesthetic vapor outlet spigot
are appropriately interconnected by conduits (not shown) behind the
plate 40.
The rack shown in FIG. 4 provides four defined bays, two side by
side upper bays for receiving vaporizers, and two side by side
lower bays for receiving other anaesthesia units. The bays are
designed on the modular principle to accept anaesthesia units
constructed to a standard measure of width. The vertical spigots
for the upper bays and horizontal spigots for the lower bays do in
themselves form an indexing system to prevent vaporizers from being
plugged into the lower bays, or other units with horizontal sockets
being plugged into the upper bays. If required, other indexing
means may be located in some or all the bays, for example keys
secured to the rack and engaging keyways on the housings of the
units, to further limit the units that can be received by a
particular bay.
It will be understood that racks are not limited to the number or
arrangement of bays shown, and as many bays as required may be
provided. Although in each example two vaporizers have been shown
mounted on the rack this is not necessary and only a single
vaporizer may be used. If necessary, some bays may be designed for
receiving units of electrical equipment, these bays being equipped
with an electrical plug or socket to cooperate with the unit.
FIG. 6 shows a typical free-standing form of assembly having a
console rack 66 upstanding from a table top 69 which may have means
for securing gas cylinders such as 69a and have conduits for
connecting the gas cylinders to the console rack. An anaesthesia
unit, such as a flowmeter 61 has upper and lower bars 62 and 63 and
a vertical back-bar 64. The bars fit into a vertical locating slot
in the bay 65 of the console rack 66, and the unit is supported by
engagement of the bar 62 beneath an upper bar of the console rack,
and engagement of the bar 63 above a lower bar of the console rack.
Plugs 67 and 68 on the unit fit into sockets on the console rack to
allow flow of fluid through the unit.
Other forms and arrangements of console racks will be readily
apparent to those skilled in the art.
In those bays where an inlet and an outlet plug or socket element
are provided it is advantageous if the elements are valved to
provide a by-pass connection if no anaesthesia unit is present in
the bay. FIG. 7 shows an example of such a valving arrangement
associated with two sockets 70, 71 on the console rack for
receiving plugs 72, 73 on an anaesthesia unit. The sockets 70, 71
have respectively fluid inlet and outlet passags 74, 75 opening
into the sockets and the two sockets are interconnected by a
connecting passage 76. Each socket has a piston member 77, 78 with
an O-ring seal slidable therein and biased by a spring 79, 80 to
the position shown for piston member 78, showing the socket 71 with
the plug 73 removed. In this position the piston 78 lies above
connecting passage 76 and seals the socket against escape of gas.
With the piston 77 in a similar position it will be seen that the
passages 74 and 75 are interconnected by the sockets and passage
76
On inserting a plug 72 into the socket 70, as shown at the left
hand side of the Figure, the piston member 77 is moved against the
spring to the bottom of the socket and an internal passage 81
communicates with passage 74, the passage 76 being sealed off by a
sealing ring 82 on the plug. A similar connection will be made by
plug 73.
Other valving arrangements for achieving the same effect will be
readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as will valving
arrangements for sealing a single plug or socket element against
gas escape if no mating member is in position.
Anaesthesia units in common use that may be designed for mounting
on a console rack according to the invention include flowmeters,
mixers, volumeters, vaporizers and ventilators. Other units may,
for example, be pressure gauges, a blood pressure monitor, a pulse
monitor, reservoir bags, a suction unit, emergency oxygen supply,
an oxygen lack warning device, an oxygen concentration meter,
anaesthetic concentration meters, pressure relief valves, patient
breathing and inflating valves, and excess vapor filtration or
extraction systems. Any such units may be used in a console rack of
anaesthesia units that may be built-up into the form required
merely by mounting the units on the console, and engaging plugs and
sockets on the units and the console to make the necessary fluid
connections.
It will be seen that the invention provides a versatile system
wherein installation and removal of anaesthesia units from their
support means and supply lines is facilitated.
* * * * *