U.S. patent number 3,831,120 [Application Number 05/413,840] was granted by the patent office on 1974-08-20 for trip unit having improved trip adjustment indicator and circuit breaker incorporating same.
This patent grant is currently assigned to General Electric Company. Invention is credited to Vincent Paul Acampora, David Barton Powell.
United States Patent |
3,831,120 |
Powell , et al. |
August 20, 1974 |
TRIP UNIT HAVING IMPROVED TRIP ADJUSTMENT INDICATOR AND CIRCUIT
BREAKER INCORPORATING SAME
Abstract
A trip unit for molded case circuit breakers utilizes a tubular
extension of its housing to carry a trip adjustment scale which is
visible through an opening in the breaker case. An adjustment knob
mounted on an adjustment shaft coaxially within the tubular
extension is angularly positioned relative to the scale graduations
to establish the desired trip setting. The scale graduations may be
labeled by indicia imprinted on the breaker case about the opening
therein.
Inventors: |
Powell; David Barton (Bristol,
CT), Acampora; Vincent Paul (Bristol, CT) |
Assignee: |
General Electric Company (New
York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23638877 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/413,840 |
Filed: |
November 8, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
335/176; 337/360;
200/286 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H
71/74 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
71/00 (20060101); H01H 71/74 (20060101); H01h
069/01 () |
Field of
Search: |
;335/176,42 ;200/166M
;337/59,129,319,347,360,368,392 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Broome; Harold
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cahill; Robert A. Schlamp; Philip
L. Neuhauser; Frank L.
Claims
Having described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to
secure by Letters Patent is:
1. An over-current trip unit for use in a molded case circuit
breaker, said trip unit comprising, in combination:
A. a housing;
B. means forming an aperture in said housing;
C. a tubular member secured on one end to said housing about said
aperture, the other end of said member extending into an opening in
the circuit breaker case when said trip unit is operatively
positioned therein;
D. means forming an array of trip adjustment scale graduations on
said tubular member adjacent said other end, said graduations being
visible externally of the circuit breaker case;
E. an adjustment shaft rotatably mounted in said housing and having
an end portion extending coaxially within said tubular member;
F. means carried by said end portion facilitating manual rotation
of said adjustment shaft; and
G. pointer means carried by said shaft and working to said
adjustment scale graduations to indicate the various trip settings
of said trip unit.
2. The trip defined in claim 1, wherein said manual rotation
facilitating means is in the form of a knob mounted on said shaft
end portion coaxially within said tubular member.
3. The trip unit defined in claim 2, wherein said tubular member
carries a stop for establishing limits of clockwise and
counterclockwise rotation of said knob and shaft.
4. The trip unit defined in claim 3, wherein said knob is formed
with an outwardly radiating extension and said stop extends
radially inwardly from said tubular member adjacent said other end
thereof, whereby said knob extension abuts either side of said stop
to establish said rotational limits.
5. The trip unit defined in claim 2, wherein said scale graduations
are in the form of notches formed in the edge surface of said
tubular member other end, and said pointer means is in the form of
a radial groove formed in the exposed surface of said knob.
6. A circuit breaker comprising, in combination:
A. a case including a base and a cover;
B. means forming an opening in said cover;
C. an adjustable trip unit located in said case and operating
automatically in response to a selected level of over-current to
initiate circuit interrupting operation of said circuit breaker,
said trip unit including
1. a housing,
2. means forming an aperture in said housing,
3. a tubular member secured on one end to said housing about said
aperture, the other end of said member extending into said cover
opening;
4. means forming an array of trip adjustment scale graduations on
said tubular member adjacent said other end, said graduations being
visible externally of said case,
5. an adjustment shaft rotatably mounted in said housing and having
an end portion extending coaxially within said tubular member,
6. an adjustment knob mounted on said shaft end portion
facilitating manual rotation of said adjustment shaft, and
7. means forming a pointer on said knob working to said adjustment
scale graduations to indicate the various trip settings of said
trip unit; and
D. indicia carried by said cover about said cover opening to label
said scale graduations.
7. The circuit beaker defined in claim 6, wherein said tubular
member carries a stop for establishing clockwise and
counter-clockwise rotational limits for said knob and shaft.
8. The circuit breaker defined in claim 7, wherein said knob is
formed with an outwardly radiating extension and said stop extends
radially inwardly from said tubular member adjacent said other end
thereof, whereby said knob extension abuts either side of said stop
to establish said rotational limits.
9. The circuit breaker defined in claim 8, wherein said trip unit
further includes means imparting frictional drag to the rotation of
said knob and shaft, thereby to discourage spurious shifting of the
manually established trip setting.
10. The circuit breaker defined in claim 8, wherein said trip unit
further includes:
1. means forming a plurality of first axially extending grooves in
the inner surface of other end portion of said tubular member, one
of said grooves being aligned with each said scale graduation,
2. means forming an axially extending second groove in said knob
extension aligned with said pointer, and
3. a pin insertable in the recess formed by confronting said second
groove with one of said first grooves to positively lock said knob
at a desired trip setng.
11. The circuit breaker defined in claim 8, wherein said trip unit
further includes:
1. means forming a plurality of axially extending grooves in the
inner surface of other end portion of said tubular member, one of
said grooves being aligned with each said scale graduation,
2. means forming an undercut in said knob extension to impart
flexibility to the terminal portion thereof, and
3. a dog extending radially from said knob extension terminal
portion, said dog being resiliently biased into one of said grooves
to releasably detain said knob at a desired trip setting.
12. The circuit breaker defined in 6, wherein said scale
graduations are in the form of notches formed in the edge surface
of said tubular member other end, and said pointer means is in the
form of a radially extending groove formed in the exposed surface
of said knob.
13. The circuit breaker defined in claim 12, wherein the width of
said pointer groove conforms to the width of each of said scale
graduation notches.
14. The circuit breaker defined in claim 13, wherein said knob is
formed having an outwardly radiating extension terminating in
contiguous relation to the inner surface of said tubular member,
said pointer groove extending to the termination of said knob
extension.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to electric circuit breakers, and
particularly to an improved, adjustable current responsive trip
unit removably incorporated therein.
Electric circuit breakers of the molded case type typically include
current responsive means which are adjustable by the user through a
range of magnetic trip settings by manipulation of an externally
accessible knob or the like. In a number of applications, it is
important that the trip point, i.e., the level of over-current at
which the current responsive means or trip unit automatically
operates to initiate circuit interruption by the circuit breaker,
be established with some degree of precision. Trip units are
calibrated by the manufacturer to establish rather precise and
repeatable "high" and "low" trip points to which the adjustment
knob can be set. However, problems arise when the user desires a
setting at a trip point intermediate the "high" and "low" trip
points. The user, in most instances, does not have the capability
for determining experimentally the appropriate positioning of the
adjustment knob to establish a desired intermediate trip point and
must therefore rely on a trip adjustment scale typically provided
on the circuit breaker case by the manufacturer. Unfortunately,
this adjustment scale is typically not uniformly physically related
with the adjustment knob from circuit breaker to circuit breaker.
That is, alignment of the adjustment knobs of two seemingly
identical circuit breakers or of different poles of a single
multi-pole circuit breaker to a corresponding intermediate
graduation of their respective scales will not, in all likelihood,
establish the same trip point. This results largely from the fact
that the adjustment scale is universally provided on the circuit
breaker case arrayed about an opening therein giving access to the
adjustment knob which is carried by a different component, to wit,
the trip unit. Manufacturing tolerances do not permit precision
positional mounting of the trip unit within the circuit breaker,
thus uniformity in the relationship of the adjustment knob to the
adjustment scale cannot be achieved from pole to pole or circuit
breaker to circuit breaker. Moreover, manufacturing tolerances
require that the opening in the circuit breaker case be made
considerably larger than the adjustment knob so as to avoid
interference therebetween during assembly. As a consequence, the
adjustment knob is not necessarily centered in the breaker case
opening upon assembly, and alignment of the knob with the scale
graduations becomes difficult and imprecise.
In addition, if the stops against which the adjustment knob is
positioned to establish the "high" and "low" trip setting are
carried by the breaker case, as is often the case, manufacturing
tolerances will also adversely affect the precision of these
settings as well.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide a
circuit breaker having provisions accommodating precise adjustment
of the trip setting to a desired trip point in a range of
overcurrent trip points.
Another object of the present invention is to provide circuit
breaker trip units having a trip adjustment indicator which is not
significantly adversely affected by customary manufacturing
tolerances utilized in circuit breaker manufacture.
Still another object is to provide a circuit breaker trip unit of
the above character which is capable of accommodating precise and
repeatable trip settings throughout a wide adjustment range.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a circuit
breaker trip unit of the above character wherein, from circuit
breaker to circuit breaker, identical magnetic trip points are
established by corresponding settings of the trip adjustment.
Other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and in part
appear hereinafter.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided an
electric circuit breaker incorporating an adjustable trip unit,
wherein the trip adjustment scale is carried by the trip unit
itself, rather than by the circuit breaker case, as is the current
practice. As a consequence, variations in the positioning of the
trip unit within the circuit breaker case and relative dimensional
variations between the trip unit and circuit breaker case,
permitted by manufacturing tolerances have minimal effect on the
positional relationship between the adjustment scale and the
movable member which is manipulated to establish a desired trip
point.
More specifically, the trip unit of the present invention includes
a tubular member affixed on one of its ends to the trip unit
housing about an aperture therein. The tubular member is of
sufficient length to extend into an opening formed in the cover
portion of the circuit breaker case. The exposed other end of the
tubular member is formed having an array of adjustment scale
graduations visible in the breaker case opening. An adjustment
shaft rotatably mounted in the trip unit housing coaxially with the
tubular member carries on one end an adjustment knob accommodated
within the tubular member. The adjustment knob carries a pointer
working to the scale graduations on the tubular member facilitating
the establishment of a desired trip setting in a wider range of
permissible settings.
The tubular member carries an inwardly extending stop against which
the adjustment knob abuts to define clockwise and counterclockwise
limit positions corresponding to "high" and "low" trip settings
established by calibration during circuit breaker assembly.
Various approaches are disclosed for releasably retaining the
adjustment knob at a desired trip setting, and thus to prevent
inadvertent shifting of its angular position due to vibration, etc.
In one disclosed embodiment, an O ring is included to impart a
frictional drag to the adjustment shaft and knob which can be
readily overcome for intended angular positioning of the adjustment
knob.
In another disclosed embodiment, the inner surface of the tubular
extension is formed with an axially extending arcuate groove
aligned with each scale graduation. The adjustment knob is provided
with a radial extension having a single, axially extending arcuate
groove aligned with the knob pointer. When the pointer is aligned
with one of the scale graduations, a locking pin is accommodated in
the confronting arcuate grooves to lock the adjustment knob in the
desired trip setting. In a third embodiment, the knob is provided
with a resilient detent which is received in the arcuate axial
grooves formed in the tubular member to retain the adjustment knob
in the desired trip setting.
In each of the disclosed embodiments of the invention, indicia is
imprinted on the circuit breaker cover arrayed about the opening
therein to label the scale graduations formed on the tubular
member. It will be appreciated that the cover aperture is made
somewhat larger in diameter than the tubular member so as to avoid
interference therebetween during assembly. This manufacturing
tolerance does not, in accordance with the present invention,
affect the positional relationship of the adjustment knob and
scale, thus preserving the accuracy of the various trip settings
defined by the scale graduations.
The invention accordingly comprises the features of construction,
combinations of elements and arrangements of parts which will be
exemplified in the constructions hereinafter set forth, and the
scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.
For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the
invention, reference should be had to the following detailed
description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in
which:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view, partially broken away, of
an electric circuit breaker embodying the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary, exploded, perspective view of a magnetic
trip unit constructed according to one embodiment of the present
invention;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary, exploded, perspective view of a portion of
a magnetic trip unit constructed according to an alternative
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary, exploded, perspective view of a portion of
a magnetic trip unit constructed according to still another
embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 4A is a sectional view taken along line 4--4 of FIG. 4.
Like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the
several views of the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention is shown in FIG. 1 as being incorporated in
an electric circuit breaker, generally indicated at 10, including a
generally rectangular insulating casing consisting of a base 12 and
a cover 14. While the present invention is shown embodied in a
three-pole circuit breaker, it will be appreciated that the
principles involved may be readily implemented in a two-pole or
single-pole circuit breaker. A trip unit, generally indicated at
16, is removably mounted within the circuit breaker case and
includes a two-part housing 20 from which circuit breaker load
terminals 22 emanate. The circuit breaker contacts (not shown) are
operated by a suitable operating mechanism (not shown) which may be
actuated by an operating handle 24 projecting through an opening 26
in the cover 14.
Turning to FIG. 2, trip unit 16 includes an adjustment shaft 30 for
each pole of circuit breaker 10. Inasmuch as the trip adjustment
indicator features of the present invention are identical for each
pole of the circuit breaker, only a portion of the trip unit
devoted to one of the circuit breaker poles will be considered.
Adjustment shaft 30 is mounted for rotation at its lower end by a
footing 32 carried by the trip unit housing 20 and has its upper
end extending through and journalled in an opening 34 in the upper
wall of the trip unit housing. A cam 36 eccentrically mounted on
adjustment shaft 30 bears against and, with shaft rotation, alters
the position of an adjustment arm 38 to vary the trip point of trip
unit 16. The trip unit mechanism for establishing the trip point is
not material to the present invention and thus is not disclosed.
Such mechanisms are well known to the art, as exemplified by the
disclosures in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,084,236 and 3,053,954. It will be
understood that the adjusting arm 38 is typically linked to the
armature of the magnetic trip mechanism of the trip unit 16 such
that the cam serves to adjust the air gap between the armature and
the magnet operating to generate armature attractive forces
proportional to the current in the associated pole of the circuit
protected by circuit breaker 10.
In accordance with the present invention, a tubular member 40 is
integrally formed with or fixedly secured on end to the trip unit
housing 20 in a position concentrically about opening 34. The upper
edge of tubular member 40 is provided with a spaced array of scale
graduations 42 in the form of semi-circular, radially extending
notches. The upper end of adjustment shaft 30 extending above trip
unit housing 20 is splined and formed with a diametrical slot 44 to
resiliently engage an adjustment knob 46 press-fitted thereon. The
adjustment knob is therefore keyed to the adjustment shaft 30 such
that rotational movement of the knob is communicated to the shaft
pursuant to varying the trip point of the circuit breaker 10. An
O-ring 48 is inserted between the knob 46 and trip unit housing 20
so as to provide sealing, as well as frictional drag to discourage
unintended shifting of the angular position of adjustment shaft and
knob.
Adjustment knob 46 is formed having a radial extension 50
terminating in an arcuate surface having a radius of curvature
conforming to the inner surface of the tubular member 40. The
tubular member is formed with a radially, inwardly extending stop
52 against which the adjustment knob extension 50 abuts to define
limits of clockwise and counter-clockwise rotation. These limits
correspond to calibrated "high" and "low" trip settings established
at the factory. These "high" and "low" trip setting positions are
factory-calibrated in a conventional manner by adjusting the
armature spring tension and the angular position of cam 36 on shaft
30 prior to fixing the cam on the shaft by suitable means such as
solder.
The adjustment knob further includes a pointer working to the scale
graduations 42 in the form of a groove 54 extending radially
outwardly into the knob extension 50. Preferably, the width of the
pointer groove 54 is made to equal the width of the scale
graduation grooves 42 on tubular member 40, thus facilitating
accurate alignment of the pointer groove with a selected one of the
scale graduation grooves using a suitable tool such as a screw
driver. It is also preferable that groove 54 bisect the angle
included by the knob extension 50 and the arcuate length of the
terminal surface of the knob extension on either side of the
pointer groove be made to correspond to the arcuate length between
scale graduation 42, thus providing additional aligning marks for
achieving precise trip settings.
The trip adjustment knob and scale are visible through an aperture
56 formed in the circuit breaker cover 14. This cover aperture is
made somewhat larger in diameter than tubular member 40 such that
the latter can extend freely into the aperture with the cover in
place, manufacturing tolerances notwithstanding. Preferably, member
40 terminates flush with the outer surface of the cover. It will be
appreciated that any eccentricity in the positioning of the tubular
member 40 in the cover aperture 56 occasioned by manufacturing
tolerances has no effect on the ability to establish precise trip
settings. As seen in FIG. 2, indicia is imprinted on or molded in
the circuit breaker cover 14 about cover aperture 56 to label the
scale graduations 42.
In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 3, the inner
surface of the tubular member 40 is formed having axially extending
half-round notches or grooves 60, one aligned with each scale
graduation 42. The arcuate surface of the knob extension 50 is
formed with a complementary, axially extending surface groove 62
aligned with pointer groove 54 in the top surface of the knob. As a
consequence, when the pointer groove 54 is aligned with any one of
these scale graduations 42, a pin 64 may be inserted in the
circular hole formed by the confronting, half-round grooves 60 and
62, thereby positively locking the adjustment knob and shaft in the
desired trip setting. Washer 66 is interposed between the
adjustment knob 46 and the trip unit housing 20 to seal the
interior of the trip unit 16 from dust, etc.
In the embodiment of FIG. 4, knob extension 50 is undercut, as
indicated at 70 in the sectional view of FIG. 4A. A dog 72 is
formed extending from the arcuate terminus of knob extension 50.
The nose of this dog 72 is conformed to be received in any one of
the axially extending grooves 60 aligned with scale graduations 42
in the upper end surface of tubular member 40. The undercutting 70
of the knob extension 50 imparts flexibility to the terminal
portion of the knob extension carrying dog 72. As a consequence, a
detenting action is achieved as the adjustment knob 46 is rotated
through its range of trip settings. When the adjustment knob
pointer 54 is aligned with one of the scale graduations 42, the dog
72 is received in the registered groove 60 to releasably retain the
established trip setting.
It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, including
those made apparent from the preceding description, are efficiently
attained and, since certain changes may be made in the above
construction without departing from the scope of the invention, it
is intended that all matter contained in the above description or
shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as
illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
* * * * *