U.S. patent number 3,830,032 [Application Number 05/290,838] was granted by the patent office on 1974-08-20 for mesh chair for concrete reinforcement.
This patent grant is currently assigned to T-Products Corp.. Invention is credited to Wayne F. Robb.
United States Patent |
3,830,032 |
Robb |
August 20, 1974 |
MESH CHAIR FOR CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT
Abstract
A device for maintaining a predetermined space between
reinforcement and concrete forms comprises a modular element with
support means adapted to receive and retain different sized
reinforcing members, such as, wire mesh and includes spaced
supporting legs having complementary male and female portions so
that elements can be stacked or nested together to vary the spacing
between the reinforcement and the concrete forms as well as to
support multiple layer reinforcements in spaced predetermined
relation to one another.
Inventors: |
Robb; Wayne F. (Aurora,
CO) |
Assignee: |
T-Products Corp. (Denver,
CO)
|
Family
ID: |
23117758 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/290,838 |
Filed: |
September 21, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/687 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04C
5/206 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E04C
5/20 (20060101); E04c 005/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/685-689,677,678,684,126 ;248/49 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Abbott; Frank L.
Assistant Examiner: Friedman; Carl D.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A chair adapted for supporting wire reinforcement in a concrete
form comprising a unitary member including a main body portion,
flange members disposed at equally spaced intervals around said
body portion, a leg portion depending downwardly from each of said
flanges in a common direction and in spaced parallel relation to
one another, each leg portion terminating in a lower end portion of
reduced size, and socket means in each flange adapted to receive
the lower end portion of each leg portion of a second corresponding
chair whereby to permit a pair of said chairs to be nested
together, and retainer means on said body portion defining at least
one wire-receiving passage for releasably retaining a portion of
the wire reinforcement therein.
2. A chair according to claim 1, said retainer means defined by a
plurality of arms directed inwardly toward one another, said arms
being spaced apart to form mutually perpendicular passages for the
reception of wire mesh reinforcement.
3. A chair according to claim 2, said arms being spaced unequal
distances apart to form mutually perpendicular passages of
differing widths for the reception of wire mesh reinforcement of
different sizes, said retainer means adapted to retain the wire
mesh reinforcement in place against the body portion of said
chair.
4. A chair according to claim 2 wherein said retainer means is
composed of a material of limited flexibility to permit the wire
mesh reinforcement to be snapped into the wire-receiving
passages.
5. A chair according to claim 1 further including bracing means for
said flanges, said bracing means extending between said body
portion and said flanges.
6. A chair according to claim 1, wherein said retainer means
comprise a plurality of circumferentially spaced arms having
hook-shaped outer ends adapted to hook over said reinforcement.
7. A chair according to claim 1 wherein said body portion is of
generally circular configuration and has a central opening
extending therethrough in a direction parallel to said legs, said
flange members extending radially outwardly from said main body
portion.
8. A chair according to claim 1, said retainer means extending from
said body portion in a direction opposite to said leg portions.
9. A chair according to claim 1, said socket means communicating
with hollow portions in each of said legs.
10. A mesh chair adapted for supporting wire mesh reinforcement
comprising a unitary member having a generally circular body
portion, flange means extending radially away from said body
portion at equally spaced intervals, a plurality of
circumferentially spaced legs depending from said flange parallel
to the axis of said body portion, bracing means interconnecting
said flange means and the body portion and interconnecting said
flange means and the legs to reinforce said legs and said flange
means, pilot means on the free ends of said legs having arcuate
lower ends, socket means in said flange adapted to receive the
pilot means of a second corresponding chair, and retainer means
extending from said body portion in a direction opposite to said
legs, said retainer means being defined by a plurality of arms
directed inwardly toward one another, said arms being spaced
unequal distances apart to form mutually perpendicular passages of
differing widths for the reception of reinforcement of different
sizes, said arms being adapted to retain the reinforcement in place
against the body portion of the chair.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally concerns a spacer device for
maintaining a predetermined spacing between reinforcement and
concrete forms and more particularly concerns a spacer device
referred to in the trade as a mesh chair, which is modular in
construction whereby identical elements can be stacked to vary the
spacing of reinforcement from concrete forms and also to support a
plurality of layers of reinforcement if desired.
A number of various types of reinforcement spacers for the support
of reinforcement in forms for molding concrete have been used in
the industry. The reinforcement, which normally takes the form of
wire mesh or fabrics, rigid iron bars, grids or frame work, is
employed as skeletal reinforcing for cement and other plastic
compositions poured into the forms. The reinforcement is necessary
to strengthen the finished compositions and is normally laid out on
the concrete form so as to be uniformly spaced a predetermined
distance therefrom. The reinforcement frequently covers a large
area and must be supported in position as a preliminary to pouring
in order to prevent excessive misalignment or bending of the
reinforcement.
It is, therefore, desirable that the spacer devices be stable so as
not to be easily capsized and have means for firmly gripping the
reinforcement so as not to be easily dislodged therefrom. Since the
size of the reinforcement varies depending upon the type of
construction, it is important that the spacer devices be adapted to
be secured to the various sized reinforcement material and it is
also desirable that the spacers be devised so that the space
between the reinforcement and the form can be easily regulated to
conform to various spacings which are needed in the art of casting
concrete panels. Where the spacer devices are required to rest
against one form, it is also desirable that the area of contact
between the spacer and the form be minimized so that there will be
a minimum exposure of the spacer device in the face of the finished
panel.
Accordingly, it will be appreciated that there are several
variables which must be considered in designing a spacer device. In
spacer devices now commercially available, for the most part each
spacer is specially designed to satisfy specific conditions for a
particular type of construction. From an economical standpoint, it
is readily apparent that a modular type of spacer device would be
desirable in that it would be readily conformable for use under
different conditions and applications. In other words, to simplify
manufacture and supply and to minimize installation costs, it is
desirable that the spacer device be of a single design which is
capable of satisfying the various conditions and requirements
presented in different applications.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The spacer device of the present invention is an inexpensive
unitary modular member having means for releasably securing the
element to reinforcement of several sizes. Preferably the element
has four spaced supporting legs defining a relatively broad, stable
base so that it is not easily capsized and has a relatively small
contact area engageable with or resting on the adjacent form so
that there is very little exposure of the element in the finished
panel of concrete. The modular element is provided with
complementary male and female portions such that elements can be
stacked with the male portion of one element mating ith a female
portion of an adjacent element whereby a plurality of the elements
can be nested to vary the spacing of the reinforcement from the
adjacent form. Additionally, the elements are designed to support
reinforcement between connected elements so that several layers of
the reinforcement can be supported on a single form. The modular
elements are of sufficiently high strength that they will not
collapse under the weight of the reinforcement and are preferably
molded of a plastic material which can be colored or dyed to match
the concrete thereby further diminishing the extent to which they
are visible in finished concrete panel.
Basically, the modular spacer element includes a body portion with
outwardly disposed, spaced depending legs having male portions at
one end and complementary female portions at the other end whereby
when elements are stacked the male portion of each leg mates with a
female portion of an associated leg on an adjacent element to
releasably connect the two elements. Each element is also provided
with a plurality of retainer arms extending upwardly away from the
body so that a reinforcement wire can be held in position between
the retainer arms. Each retainer arm is preferably spaced a
different distance from the two adjacent arms on either side so
that the device can retain and support reinforcement of different
types and sizes. The element is provided with bracing and auxiliary
supports, and reinforcement wire is constrained to pass directly
over the legs of the element to give it maximum strength. However,
when elements are stacked and reinforcement is retained between
elements, the retainer arms will yield sufficiently to allow the
reinforcement to pass slightly to one side of the leg over which it
would normally pass so that the male and female portions of legs
can be mated.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a
reinforcement spacer for concrete construction which is modular and
lends itself to application in satisfying various construction
variables.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a modular
reinforcement spacer for concrete construction wherein a plurality
of the spacers when stacked are capable of supporting a plurality
of spaced reinforcements.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a
reinforcement spacer which leaves very little exposure in the
finished concrete panel due to small contact areas between the
spacer and the adjacent form.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a modular
reinforcement spacer adapted for securement to reinforcement
material of various sizes.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a high
strength modular reinforcement spacer device which is economical to
manufacture and is suited for satisfying numerous variables in
concrete panel construction .
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Other objects, advantages and capabilities of the present invention
will become more apparent as the description proceeds taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view with parts broken away
showing a concrete form having a plurality of the spacer devices of
the present invention supporting a reinforcement mesh.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevation with parts broken
away of a concrete form illustrating the versatility of the spacer
device shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 2A in a section taken along line 2A--2A of FIG. 2A showing
spacer device of the present invention when contorted for use in
supporting a plurality of reinforcement.
FIG. 3 is a further enlarged perspective view of the spacer device
of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the spacer device shown in FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a vertical section taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 3;
and
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary section taken along line 6--6 of FIG.
4.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring first to FIG. 1, a typical application of the spacer
device or element 10 of the present invention is illustrated. The
spacer element 10 is there shown supporting a wire grid
reinforcement 12 in uniform spaced relationship from the bottom
surface 14 of a concrete form 16. The form 16 also includes side
and end panels 18 and 20 respectively, only one of the end panels
being seen, so that concrete material 22 can be poured into the
form to surround the wire grid reinforcement 12 as well as the
spacer elements 10 whereby a finished panel of concrete will be
ideally reinforced with the reinforcement grid spaced a preselected
distance from the bottom surface of the panel.
A preferred embodiment of the spacer device 10 of the present
invention is seen in FIG. 3 to include a body portion 24,
peripherally spaced legs 26, and retainer or hook arms 28 for
releasably connecting the element to the reinforcement. In the
desired form, the spacer device 10 is a completely integrated
modular element molded from a plastic material having limited
flexibility.
While other configurations could be suitable, the body portion 24,
as is best illustrated in FIG. 5, can be seen to be frusto-conical
in configuration having an outer conical wall 30 and a top circular
surface 32 defining a downwardly opening internal cavity 34. A
circular opening 36 passing centrally through the top surface 32
does not serve a functional purpose but is present as a side effect
of the particular manner of molding the elements which has been
found most suitable.
There are four support flanges 38 extending outwardly from the
lower edge of the frusto-conical surface 30, each supporting flange
38 being equally peripherally spaced from the two adjacent flanges.
Triangular shaped pairs of upper bracing webs 40 interconnect the
frusto-conical surface with the upper surface of the flanges to
give added vertical strength to the flanges.
The legs 26 of the spacer device depend downwardly from the flanges
38 and comprise substantially cylindrical supports having pilot
portions 42 of reduced diameter at their lower terminal ends.
Circular passages 44 are provided through the support flanges 38
and align with hollow central portions 46, FIG. 5, of the legs. The
passages 44 have a diameter substantially the same as the diameter
of the pilot portion 42 of each leg so that the pilot portions of
one spacer element can be inserted into the passages 44 of an
identical underlying element whereby two of the elements can be
releasably connected in stacked relationship.
As is best seen in FIG. 5, triangular shaped pairs of lower bracing
webs 48 interconnect the cylindrical sides of each leg 26 with the
undersurface of the associated supporting flange 38 to provide
lateral support for the legs. Since the legs 26 support the spacer
element as well as the reinforcement grid 12 which is connected to
the elements, an upward force is placed on the supporting flanges
38 by the legs 26 and the upper bracing webs 40 serve to transmit
the vertical force substantially horizontally into the body of the
element. Therefore, the upper bracing webs 40 along with the lower
spacing web 48, which give lateral support to the legs, strengthen
the elements so that they will not collapse under excessive
pressures such as are exerted thereon by the weight of the
reinforcement grid and the weight of workers walking upon the
reinforcement grid.
The pilot portions 42 of each leg 26 have a relatively small
diameter and are adapted to rest against the bottom 14 of the form
16 so that there is very little contact area between the spacer
elements and the form. This, of course, is important since when the
concrete panel is finished, the only exposure of the spacer
elements will be at the relatively small contact areas at the ends
of the legs and these will be virtually unnoticeable, particularly
when viewed from a distance.
There are four retainer or hook arms 28 which are spaced around the
top surface 32 of the elements 10 and which protrude upwardly from
the top surface. Each of the hook arms 28 is wedge shaped tapering
upwardly in an inner radial direction to give it radial support.
Upwardly extending bracing ribs 50 are provided on both sides of
each hook arm to give the arms lateral support. Each hook arm 28
has a radially inwardly extending nose 52, FIGS. 5 and 6, defining
an overhang 54 which in cooperation with a substantially vertical
inner surface 56 of the arm defines one side of a radial passage 58
or 60, FIG. 4, which passes between adjacent arms 28 on
diametrically opposed sides of the element and which is adapted to
receive a reinforcement wire. The overhangs 54 of two adjacent hook
arms 28 serve to retain the reinforcement wire within the defined
passage 58 or 60. The plastic material from which the spacer
element 10 is made has limited flexibility so that the
reinforcement wire can be forced down between adjacent nose
portions 52 of the hook arms and once in the included passage, will
be retained therein by the overhangs which will immediately return
to their normal positions.
As can be best appreciated with reference to FIG. 4, each hook arm
28 is spaced a different distance from the two adjacent hook arms
so that a hook arm will be closer to one adjacent hook arm than to
the other. This arrangement makes the two mutually perpendicular
passages 58 and 60 across the top of the elements a different width
so that a variety of reinforcement wire sizes, two being shown by
dotted lines in FIG. 4, can be accomodated with the spacer element.
The passages 58 and 60 are aligned with diametrically opposed legs
of the element such that wire retained in either passage will pass
directly over two of the legs for maximum support. Since the hook
arms 28 have limited flexibility, several reinforcement sizes can
be accomodated by both passages. In other words, a reinforcement
wire which is small enough will fit easily down into either passage
while reinforcement wires which are slightly larger will also fit
into the same passage but will be more tightly received. The same
is true of the other passage so that numerous reinforcement sizes
are accomodated.
As mentioned previously, it is preferable that the spacer elements
10 be molded of a plastic material with limited flexibility so that
the reinforcement wires can be snapped into the passages between
the hook arms for best retention. Being made of a plastic material,
the spacer elements can be dyed or colored to blend with the
finished concrete panels so that the small contact areas on the end
of the pilot portion 42 of each element will be virtually
unnoticeable in the finished product. A recent trend in
prefabricated construction techniques has been to spread a layer of
colored aggregate on the bottom surface of the forms before pouring
the concrete so as to create a more decorative colored aggregate
face on the finished panel. The spacer element of the present
invention is particularly well suited for use in this type of
prefabricated construction in that the spacer can be colored or
dyed to match the color of the aggregate and has a relatively large
clearance between the body of the element and the lower supporting
form so that it will sit over the aggregate while being supported
by the form.
If it is desired to use the spacer elements 10 to support a
plurality of spaced reinforcement wire grids 12, as shown in FIG.
2, wherein several of the spacer elements are stacked on top of
each other with the wire gird passing between adjacent elements,
the limited flexibility of the hook arms 28 allows them to flex
slightly, FIG. 2A, so that the wire does not pass directly over
legs 26 of a lower element and prevent the pilot portions 42 of the
legs on an upper element from being received in the sockets or
passages 44 of the legs of the lower element. The various
applications of the element in this regard are illustrated in FIG.
2. At the far left of FIG. 2, a single spacer element is shown
utilized to support a single layer of reinforcement 12 while in the
center two of the elements are stacked supporting two spaced
reinforcement grids 12. At the far right four of the spacer
elements are shown with a wire reinforcement grid 12 passing
between each spacer so that four reinforcement grids with
relatively narrow spacings are supported.
Accordingly, it can be appreciated from the foregoing description
that the modular unitized spacer device or element 10 of the
present invention is highly versatile. Not only is it designed for
high strength applications whereby each of the supporting
components of the device is structurally braced, but it is also
suited for varying the spacing of a single layer of wire
reinforcement from the bottom of the concrete form or for
supporting a plurality of spaced wire reinforcements on the bottom
of the form. In this relation, the spacing of the reinforcement
from the bottom of the form can also be varied merely by altering
the length of the pilots 42 and such variations can be easily made
in the molding operation. A particularly valuable asset of the
spacer element is that the various foregoing advantages are
achieved with modular units of a single design so that molding
costs are minimized and a worker does not have to select from a
variety of spacing elements when putting the elements to use and
can merely utilize the one element design in its numerous possible
applications to give the desired results.
Although the present invention has been described with a certain
degree of particularity, it is understood that the present
disclosure has been made by way of example and that changes in
details of structure may be made without departing from the spirit
thereof.
* * * * *