U.S. patent number 3,829,857 [Application Number 05/148,852] was granted by the patent office on 1974-08-13 for optical signalling.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Rank Organisation Limited. Invention is credited to William Bell Allan, Arthur Gordon Atkinson, Jeffrey Douglas Rattle.
United States Patent |
3,829,857 |
Allan , et al. |
August 13, 1974 |
OPTICAL SIGNALLING
Abstract
Visual display devices containing a matrix of areas which can be
selectively illuminated to display a predetermined legend or
symbol. In place of individual lamps used hitherto, the proposed
visual display devices utilise bundles of optical fibres coupled to
a reduced number of light sources, thus simplifying the assocated
control circuitry.
Inventors: |
Allan; William Bell (Leeds,
EN), Rattle; Jeffrey Douglas (Basingstoke,
EN), Atkinson; Arthur Gordon (Addingham near Ilkley,
EN) |
Assignee: |
The Rank Organisation Limited
(London, EN)
|
Family
ID: |
10242164 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/148,852 |
Filed: |
June 1, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Jun 1, 1970 [GB] |
|
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26342/70 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
340/815.43;
340/815.67 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G02B
6/4298 (20130101); G08B 5/36 (20130101); G02B
6/32 (20130101); G09F 9/305 (20130101); G02B
6/2808 (20130101); G08G 1/095 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G09F
9/30 (20060101); G09F 9/305 (20060101); G08B
5/22 (20060101); G08B 5/36 (20060101); G02B
6/28 (20060101); G02B 6/36 (20060101); G08G
1/095 (20060101); H04l 023/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/380 ;350/96R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Pitts; Harold I.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Brisebois & Kruger
Claims
We claim:
1. In a visual display device of the type comprising a display area
made up of a matrix of regions, a plurality of bundles of optical
fibres with one end of each of a plurality of individual fibres
grouped together at one end of the bundle to define an input and
the other ends of said individual fibres separately connected to
different regions of the display area so that illumination of
differing inputs results in the display of differing meaningful
signs, a light source for each input, and means for selectively
activating the said light sources, the improvement according to
which
each of the said regions of the display area is defined by an
optical cell comprising a length of clad optical rod against one
end of which butts the end of at least one optical fibre
terminating at the corresponding region, with a plurality of
optical fibres butting said one end of at least some of said rods,
and a converging lens positioned on the rod axis to collect light
issuing from the other end of said rod and to form said light into
a collimated beam, and said display device also comprises
a light diffusing screen covering said optical cells and operative
to diverge the collimated beams into beams with a small angle of
divergence, whereby to render the whole of any displayed meaningful
sign visible from a substantial distance within a relatively narrow
angle of view.
2. A device according to claim 1, comprising an illumination means
in the form of an electric light bulb for each input, said device
being made in two separable parts, one part comprising the optical
fibres, cells and screen and the other part comprising the
illumination means and associated circuitry.
3. A device according to claim 1, wherein each optical cell has a
thin slice of image conduit at the end of the rod from which light
issues in order to flatten the polar diagram of the collimated beam
issuing from the lens.
4. A visual display device according to claim 1, including a
multi-coloured light filter associated with each input of each
bundle of fibres, said light filter being capable of position
adjustment relative to the input so as to change the colour of the
light transmitted through said bundle.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a visual display device for use in
conveying information to the occupants of moving transport. The
main application of the invention is for use in displaying
information to drivers and passengers of motor vehicles travelling
on motorways.
In known U.K. motorway visual display devices, a rectangular
display area is defined by a matrix of usually 139 electric light
bulbs and to provide a display such as numerals for speed limits,
direction arrows, warning words etc. selected bulbs are
illuminated. These devices are adapted to display any one of 13
meaningful signs and this is done by routing 13 electrical
conductor wires and a return wire to the device. By transmitting a
signal down the appropriate wire, the appropriate meaningful sign
is displayed as the signal is routed through a matrix of diodes
which switch on the light bulbs which make up the sign. Each bulb
is contained at one end of a cylindrical housing with a part
parabolic mirror behind the bulb. The other end of the housing is
placed against a transparent pin spot screen which also encloses
the openings of all the other light bulb housings forming the front
of the matrix.
As will be appreciated, the electrical wiring and switching system
of a known display device as described above is complicated and
therefore expensive. It has another disadvantage in that it does
not indicate to the controllers desk, which bulbs are not
functioning; it would be possible to monitor each bulb
individually, but the increase in cost and complexities of the
device would make this impractical. A further disadvantage of the
known arrangement is that the mirrors behind the bulbs tend to
cause "ghost images."
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of this invention is to provide a visual display device,
particularly but not exclusively for motorways which at least in
its preferred form, obviates or mitigates the abovementioned
disadvantages.
According to the present invention there is provided a visual
display device comprising a display area made up of a matrix of
regions, a plurality of bundles of optical fibres with each bundle
having the individual ends of the fibres grouped together at one
end of the bundle to define an input and the other individual fibre
ends splayed apart and connected to regions of the display area
which make up a meaningful sign, so that illumination of any input
results in the display of a meaningful sign, and each of said
regions being defined by an optical cell which provides a
collimated beam of light upon the illumination of any of said
inputs having an optical fibre leading to such cell.
Preferably, there is an illumination means comprising an electric
light bulb for each input. Each electric light bulb is preferably a
tungsten halogen bulb with a reflector assembly.
Each of said regions is preferably constituted by an optical unit
including a length of clad optical rod against one end of which
butts the end of the optical fibre or ends of the optical fibres
terminating at the region, and a converging lens positioned on the
axis of the rod so that light issuing from the rod is eventually
directed into a beam with a divergent angle of approximately
5.degree..
Upon illumination of an input therefore, the regions connected
optically to the splayed ends of the individual fibres are
illuminated and the appropriate meaningful sign is displayed.
The optical fibres therefore disperse the light from a single
source and produce a meaningful sign thereby.
It will be appreciated that various regions may be common to two or
more meaningful signs and because of this such regions will be
illuminated if either or any one of such meaningful signs is
displayed. In this connection the optical rod of the optical unit
of each regions acts as a light integrating chambers to channel the
light from any of the optical fibres leading thereto onto the same
axis as the lens. This is a distinct advantage because off-axis
fibres would cause projection of the light beam from the lens in an
off axis direction with a divergent half angle of approximately
5.degree..
A display device according to a preferred feature of the invention
and adapted for U.K. motorways requires only 13 bulbs as compared
with 139 bulbs in the known device. If, as preferred, tungsten
halogen bulbs are used, the power rating of each is 70 watts, which
is much higher than the wattage of each of the bulbs in the
conventional display device. However, in the conventional device
the sign with the maximum number of bulbs lit at any one time,
requires 49 bulbs to be illuminated and this would require a power
of 140 watts, so the device of the invention can present a saving
in power.
Moreover, much of the complicated electrical circuitry can be
removed because in actual fact the switching is replaced by the
optical fibres. It is estimated that in the known device 500 diodes
are required in the switching circuit, all of which are eliminated
by the present invention.
The device is preferably in two parts, one part comprising the
optical fibres and display area (which would be almost maintenance
free) and the other part comprising the illumination means and
associated circuitry, which could be replaced in its entirety if a
fault developed, would require a power of approximately 120
watts.
The device of the invention provides the additional advantage that
the controller can learn quickly if one of the bulbs fails, because
then no current will be drawn when the controller sets that bulb
for illumination, and corrective action can be taken
immediately.
Because each sign requires the illumination of only one bulb, it is
easy to provide for the display of any of the meaningful signs in
any colour, by positioning the appropriate colour filter between
the bulb and the associated input. Between each input and its bulb
there may be a position adjustable member which carries several
different coloured filters, the member being adjustable to position
any one of said filters between the source and input so that the
colour of the sign displayed can be readily adjustable.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of
example, with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation of a display device according to
the invention, parts being omitted for clarity; and
FIG. 2 is a sectional elevation to an enlarged scale, of one of the
optical units shown in FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIG. 1 the display device is for motorway use and
includes a box, 1, preferably made of lightweight moulded plastic
of which the front face 2 is defined by a diffusing screen formed
from pin-spot or stippled glass or clear plastic. In an alternative
arrangement, a screen of vertical, cylindrical reeded plastic may
be used. The light sources, 3 and 4, of which only two of the 13
are shown for clarity, consist of 24 volt 70 watt tungsten halogen
bulbs mounted in front of dichroic reflectors 3A, 4A. These
reflectors 3A, 4A focus the light from the bulbs on to the common
ends of multi-tail fibre optic light guides 7 and 8, and the
splayed fibres route the light to various optical units, 5 and 6,
of which only two of the 139 are shown for clarity.
Referring to FIG. 2, the optical unit consists of a cylindrical
housing 10, made of light metal or plastic and containing at one
end a converging lens 12 which can be an aspheric type made from
glass or preferably moulded clear plastic. At the other end is a
short tube containing a length of fibre optic clad rod 9 which
butts on to the end or ends of fibre optic light guides 11 and 13.
The front face of the clad rod 9 is placed just at the focal point
of the converging lens 12 to provide a collimated beam which is
then slightly diverged by the diffusing screen 2 to the required
amount according to the specification. The said front face of rod 9
further has a thin slice of image conduit 15 or face plate (shown
exaggerated in size for clarity) applied thereto by the transparent
adhesive "Crystic," which is a transparent polyester resin
manufactured by Scott-Bader. The plate 15 is of slightly larger
diameter than rod 9 and is approximately 2 m.m. thick. The function
of the plate 15 is to flatten out the polar diagram of the light
intensity issuing from the optical cell thereby improving the
cosmetic appearance of the display device as a whole when it is
operative. The 139 optical units are then held in position by a
metal or plastic matrix, not shown.
It should be noted from FIG. 1 that an optical unit, e.g., 5 can be
shared by several legends, e.g., bulbs 3 and 4, simply by routing
the appropriate light guides, 11 and 13 respectively, to the clad
rod face 9. By means of rod 9 off axis cones of light emanating
from the off-axis light guides are integrated into an on axis cone
of light which is collimated by the lens as shown by the ray
diagram in FIG. 2.
* * * * *