U.S. patent number 3,829,735 [Application Number 05/324,943] was granted by the patent office on 1974-08-13 for airfield lighting circuit arrangements.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Plessey Handel Und Investments A.G.. Invention is credited to Monty David Berlock, Tadeusz Dobrowolski.
United States Patent |
3,829,735 |
Berlock , et al. |
August 13, 1974 |
AIRFIELD LIGHTING CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
Abstract
An airfield lighting circuit arrangement in which a plurality of
lamp units are connected in the form of a loop circuit to which
power supply means is connected, gating means being provided to
which voltage waveforms corresponding to the loop current and the
loop supply voltage are applied for affording an output signal
which is indicative of the phase difference between said waveforms
and therefore indicative of the number of lamp unit failures in the
loop circuit.
Inventors: |
Berlock; Monty David (London,
EN), Dobrowolski; Tadeusz (Ilford, EN) |
Assignee: |
Plessey Handel Und Investments
A.G. (Zug, CH)
|
Family
ID: |
26238753 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/324,943 |
Filed: |
January 19, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Jan 28, 1972 [GB] |
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4012/72 |
Apr 14, 1972 [GB] |
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17446/72 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
315/131; 315/189;
340/658; 340/642 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H05B
47/23 (20200101) |
Current International
Class: |
H05B
37/00 (20060101); H05B 37/03 (20060101); H01j
007/42 () |
Field of
Search: |
;315/120,129-133,185R,189 ;340/253B,251,248A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Saalbach; Herman Karl
Assistant Examiner: Mullins; James B.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Blum Moscovitz Friedman &
Kaplan
Claims
What we claim is:
1. An airfield lighting circuit arrangement comprising a plurality
of lighting units connected in the form of a loop circuit, power
supply means for supplying power to the loop circuit, and gating
means to which voltage waveforms corresponding to the loop current
and the loop supply voltage are applied, the gating means affording
an output signal which is indicative of the phase difference
between said voltage waveforms.
2. An airfield lighting circuit arrangement according to claim 1,
in which the gating means comprises a first gate which is arranged
to be turned "on" by one of the voltage waveforms applied thereto
and "off" by the other of the voltage waveforms applied thereto,
and a second gate connected in series with a fullwave rectified
alternating current signal and operable under the control of the
first gate for affording the output signal.
3. an airfield lighting circuit arrangement according to claim 2,
comprising level detector means operable individually on the
voltage waveforms corresponding to the loop current and loop supply
voltage respectively, the output from the level detector means
being used to control the first gate.
4. An airfield lighting circuit arrangement according to claim 3,
in which the level detector means take the form of crossover
detectors.
5. An airfield lighting circuit arrangement according to claim 3,
in which the output signal is integrated to afford an output which
is proportional to the volt/secononds of the open circuit lighting
units in the loop circuit.
6. An airfield lighting circuit arrangement according to claim 1,
comprising indicator means which is caused to be operated by the
output signal.
7. An airfield lighting circuit arrangement according to claim 6,
comprising means associated with the output signal whereby an
indicated output is only afforded when a predetermined number of
lighting units have become open circuit.
8. An airfield lighting circuit arrangement according to claim 1,
in which each of the lighting units comprise a lamp connected in
the loop circuit via an isolated transformer.
9. An airfield lighting circuit arrangement according to claim 1,
in which the power supply means takes the form of a constant
current regulator.
Description
This invention relates to circuit arrangements and relates more
especially to circuit arrangements for use in airfield lighting
series loop circuits.
The individual lamps used in airfield lighting for illuminating
perimeter runways, lane routes, etc., are normally connected in one
or more series loop circuits fed from a constant current regulator
(C.C.R.) and it is becoming increasingly important to know that no
more than a fixed percentage of lamps fail at any one time. The
present invention is directed to circuit arrangements for affording
an indication of the number of failures due to open circuit lamps
in such a circuit.
According to the present invention there is provided a circuit
arrangement comprising power supply means for supplying power to a
loop circuit which includes a plurality of lighting units, and
means for affording an output signal in dependence upon the phase
difference between the loop current and the loop supply voltage.
The output signal thus afforded is indicative of the number of open
circuit lighting units in said loop circuit.
In one arrangement for carrying out the invention the output signal
will be afforded in dependence upon the power factor of the circuit
arrangement.
In one preferred arrangement according to the present invention the
means for affording the output signal in dependence upon the phase
difference between the loop current and the loop supply voltage
will comprise balanced modulator means to which voltage waveforms
corresponding to the loop current and loop supply voltage are
applied, said modulator means affording an output signal which is
indicative of the phase difference between said voltage
waveforms.
In another preferred arrangement according to the present
invention, the means for affording the output signal in dependence
upon the phase difference between the loop current and the loop
supply voltage will comprise gating means to which voltage
waveforms corresponding to the loop current and loop supply voltage
are applied, the gating means affording an output signal which is
indicative of the phase difference between said voltage
waveform.
In an especially preferred arrangement according to the aforesaid
another preferred arrangement, the gating means will comprise a
first gate which is arranged to be turned "on" by one of the
voltage waveforms applied thereto and "off" by the other of the
voltage waveforms applied thereto, and a second gate connected in
series with a fullwave rectified alternating current signal and
operable under the control of the first gate for affording an
output signal which, when integrated, is proportional to the
volt/seconds of the open circuit lamp units in the loop circuit.
Advantageously level detector means e.g. cross-over detectors may
be provided operable individually on the voltage waveforms
corresponding to the loop current and loop supply voltage
respectively, the output from the level detector means being used
to control the first gate.
In carrying out the invention according to both of the aforesaid
preferred arrangements, the output signal may be used to cause
indicator means to be operated and conveniently means associated
with the output signal may be provided whereby an indicated output
is only afforded when a predetermined number of lighting units have
become open circuit.
In practice each of the lighting units may comprise a lamp
connected in the loop circuit via an isolating transformer and
advantageously the power supply to the loop circuit may be afforded
by a constant current regulator .
Some exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described
with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a partially block schematic circuit diagram of one form
of circuit arrangement according to the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a partially block schematic circuit diagram of another
form of circuit arrangement according to the present invention,
and
FIG. 3 shows waveforms existing at various points in the
arrangement of FIG. 2.
In the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 1 of the accompanying
drawings, part of a series loop lighting circuit 1 is shown which
includes two lamps 2 each fed by individual isolating transformers
3, the primary windings of which are connected in series with the
loop. The loop is fed from a constant current regulator CCR of
conventional form, the output transformer of which is shown at 4,
the lighting circuit 1 being connected to a secondary winding 5 of
the output transformer 4.
The power factor of the lighting circuit is fixed by the components
used in the series loop and the leakage inductance of the CCR
output transformer 4. A lamp failure nearly always results in the
lamp going open circuit with the result that the power factor and
hence the phase difference between the loop current and loop supply
voltage is modified. Therefore by monitoring this phase difference
an indication can be obtained of the number of lamps or isolating
transformers that have failed by going open circuit.
To monitor the phase difference in the arrangement shown in FIG. 1,
a balanced modulator 6 is provided which is arranged to compare the
phase of the supply voltage with the phase of the loop current. A
signal proportional to the supply voltage is derived from the
output transformer 4 of the constant current regulator CCR by means
of an additional secondary winding 7 and a signal proportional to
the loop current is obtained by means of a further transformer 8
connected in series with the loop 1. The outputs from the secondary
winding 7 and the transformer 8 are applied to a balanced modulator
6 of conventional form the net output Vo from which will be zero
when the power factor is unity. In practice the power factor of the
circuit arrangement with all the lamps working would normally be in
the region of 0.95 but this will be modified when one or more of
the lamps 2 or isolating transformers 3 go open circuit and
consequently an output will be obtained from the balanced modulator
6 which is proportional to the number of open circuit lamps etc.
The output Vo of the balanced modulator 6 is applied via a
potentiometer 9 to an amplifier 10 in which it may be smoothed and
amplified and used to cause a relay 11 to be operated, relay
contacts 12 of the relay being used to actuate any convenient form
of indicator, alarm etc. By adjusting the setting of the
potentiometer 9, it may be arranged that the relay 11 is caused to
operate when the maximum number of lamp failures has occurred.
In the arrangement shown in FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings the
output transformer 20 of a constant current regulator CCR is shown
having three output windings, output winding 21 for supplying a
series loop circuit 1 as in the arrangement of FIG. 1 and two
further output windings 22 and 23 as will hereinafter be described.
A current transformer 8 is connected in series with the loop
circuit 1 also as in the arrangement of FIG. 1. The output from the
winding 22 of transformer 20 (shown in FIG. 3 (a)) and the output
from the current transformer 8 (shown in FIG. 3 (b)) are fed to
level detectors in the form of cross-over detectors 24 and 25
respectively, the outputs from which are applied to a gate 26 which
is arranged to be opened say, by the output from detector 24 and
closed by the output from detector 25 so that an output waveform is
obtained from the gate 26 in the form of a series of pulses, as
shown in FIG. 3 (c), the width of the pulses being dependent upon
the phase difference between the voltage and current waveforms
obtained from the winding 22 and current transformer 8
respectively, and therefore proportional to the number of open
circuit lamps in the lighting circuit.
In order to produce a constant volt/second output, the signal from
the gate 26 is used to operate a second gate 27 which is connected
in series with a full-wave rectified sinusoidal supply derived from
output winding 23 of the output transformer 20 and a bridge
rectifier 28. The output voltage from gate 27, shown in FIG. 3 (d)
is then integrated by means of integrator 29 to afford an output
signal at terminals 30 which is proportional to the volt/seconds of
the number of open circuit lamps in the series lighting circuit. As
in the arrangement of FIG. 1, the output afforded at terminals 30
may be used to cause a suitable indicator to be operated.
It will be appreciated that various modifications may be made to
the arrangements described without substantially affecting the
principle involved. For example, any suitable form of modulator may
be used in the arrangement of FIG. 1 and level detectors other than
zero-crossing detectors may be used in the arrangement of FIG.
2.
* * * * *