U.S. patent number 3,829,223 [Application Number 05/381,297] was granted by the patent office on 1974-08-13 for mixing rotor for fast analyzer of rotary cuvette type with means for enhancing the mixing of sample and reagent liquids.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the. Invention is credited to Stephen D. Hamel.
United States Patent |
3,829,223 |
Hamel |
August 13, 1974 |
MIXING ROTOR FOR FAST ANALYZER OF ROTARY CUVETTE TYPE WITH MEANS
FOR ENHANCING THE MIXING OF SAMPLE AND REAGENT LIQUIDS
Abstract
A rotor design which provides improved mixing of sample and
reagent liquids in a fast photometric analyzer of the rotary
cuvette type is described. According to the preferred embodiment,
one or more ramp-like projections are provided along the wall of
each sample analysis cuvette to enhance mixing.
Inventors: |
Hamel; Stephen D. (Oak Ridge,
TN) |
Assignee: |
The United States of America as
represented by the Secretary of the (Washington, DC)
|
Family
ID: |
23504490 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/381,297 |
Filed: |
July 20, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
356/246; 250/576;
356/427; 422/72; 422/549 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01F
13/0016 (20130101); G01N 21/07 (20130101); B01F
2215/0037 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B01F
13/00 (20060101); G01N 21/07 (20060101); G01N
21/03 (20060101); G01n 001/10 (); G01n
021/24 () |
Field of
Search: |
;356/39,181,196,197,246
;250/576 ;23/259 ;233/10,26 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: McGraw; Vicent P.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Horan; John A. Zachry; David S.
Hamel; Stephen D.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a rotor for use in a fast photometric analyzer of the rotary
cuvette type comprising a disk-shaped member of laminated
construction with a central opaque disk sandwiched between top and
bottom transparent walls, and wherein said disk-shaped member
defines a circular array of sample analysis cuvettes extending
axially through said central opaque disk and means for loading and
injecting sample and reagent liquids into said sample analysis
cuvettes; the improvement wherein each of said sample analysis
cuvettes has a generally cylindrical side wall defined by said
opaque disk with a projection extending axially along said side
wall between said top and bottom transparent walls and radially
inward toward the center of said cuvette for enhancing the mixing
of sample and reagent liquids therein.
2. The improvement of claim 1 wherein said projection defines two
axially extending, intersecting, concave surfaces, each having a
radius of curvature which is smaller than that of said sample
analysis cuvette.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention described herein relates generally to photometers and
more particularly to an improved rotor for fast analyzers of the
rotary cuvette type characterized by improved mixing of sample and
reagent liquids in its sample analysis cuvettes. It was made by an
employee of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission in the course of his
employment.
The general design and operation of fast photometric analyzers of
the rotary cuvette type are generally described in U.S. Pat. No.
3,555,284, issued Jan. 12, 1971, to common assignee in in the name
of Norman G. Anderson. In the analyzer described in that patent, a
central loading disk is provided for statically receiving sample
and reagent liquids prior to a photometric analysis operation. The
sample and reagent liquids are then brought together dynamically by
rotation induced forces in a separate mixing chamber or directly in
respective sample analysis cuvettes. Complete and rapid mixing of
the sample and reagent liquids is essential to ensure accurate
photometric analysis of the cuvette contents.
Several techniques inlcuding tangential insertion of sample and
reagent liquids into the cuvettes, the drawing of air bubbles
through the cuvettes, rapid rotor acceleration and decleration, and
parallel transfer of sample and reagent liquids have been used to
enhance mixing with some degree of success. However, the recent
introduction of miniaturized fast analyzers with correspondingly
miniaturized rotors and sample analysis cuvettes, loading cavities,
and sample and reagent volumes has resulted in decreased turbulent
mixing because of the relatively increased effects of surface
tension on the fluid flow of small liquid volumes.
It is, accordingly, a general object of the invention to provide a
rotor design for a fast analyzer of the rotary cuvette type whereby
sample and reagent mixing is enhanced.
Another object of the invention is to provide a rotor design for a
fast analyzer of the rotary cuvette type wherein the sample
analysis cuvettes are designed to enhance mixing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A rotor design characterized by improved mixing of sample and
reagent liquids is provided for fast analyzers of the rotary
cuvette type. At least one ramp-like projection is provided along
the wall of each sample analysis cuvette to induce mixing of sample
and reagent liquids upon rotation of the rotor. The use of such
projections eliminates the need for supplemental mixing techniques
and is especially desirable in miniature rotors where surface
tension effects seriously inhibit turbulent mixing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a rotor made in accordance with the
invention.
FIG. 2 is a vertical section view of the rotor of FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the drawings, a typical single sample analysis station
1 comprises two sample and reagent static loading cavities 2 and 3
serially connected by means of passages 4 and 5 with each other and
with a sample analysis cuvette 6. As shown in FIG. 2, the rotor is
of laminated construction with a central opaque disk 7 sandwiched
between transparent plates 8 and 9. Apertures 11 and 12 in plate 8
facilitate static loading of cavities 2 and 3 prior to dynamic
transfer of sample and reagent liquids from those cavities to
respective cuvettes 6. Other loading cavity arrangements such as
described in copending application Ser. No. 203,248, filed Nov. 30,
1971 and now U.S. Pat. No. 3,744,974, of common assignee may be
used without departing from the invention, which is restricted,
rather, to an improved sample analysis cuvette design characterized
by improved mixing of sample and reagent liquids discharged
thereto.
As shown in the top view of FIG. 1, each cuvette 6 is provided with
at least one axially and radially extending ramplike projection 13.
A preferred configuration of projections 13 incorporates generally
concave side portions which effectively direct liquid in the
cuvette inward as shown by the broken flow arrows 14. Such flow
effectively mixes the contents of cuvettes 6 by forcing liquid near
the cuvette walls inward.
In theory, the mixing action depends upon the inherent relative
rotation which develops between the cuvette walls and liquid
contained therein during and briefly following acceleration of the
rotor which defines the sample analysis cuvettes. The magnitude of
this relative rotation decreases to a minimum following initial
acceleration of the rotor since the cuvette contents are also
accelerated by the propelling effect of the confining cuvette walls
until it approaches the rotational speed of the cuvette walls with
the rotor operating at constant speed. Acceleration and
deceleration of the rotor will increase the mixing action of
projections 13 by causing further relative rotation of the cuvette
walls and the cuvette contents.
The foregoing description of one embodiment of the invention is
offered for illustrative purposes only and should not be
interpreted in a strictly limiting sense. For example, sample and
reagent loading arrangements other than the one shown may be used
without departing from the scope of the invention. Also, more than
one projection per sample analysis cuvette may be used. It is
intended, rather, that the invention be limited only by the scope
of the claims attached hereto.
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