U.S. patent number 3,828,415 [Application Number 05/202,207] was granted by the patent office on 1974-08-13 for method and apparatus for rebuilding valve guides.
This patent grant is currently assigned to K-Line Tool Company. Invention is credited to Donald J. Kammeraad, James A. Kammeraad.
United States Patent |
3,828,415 |
Kammeraad , et al. |
August 13, 1974 |
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REBUILDING VALVE GUIDES
Abstract
This disclosure relates to a method and system for rebuilding
valve guides for internal combustion engines wherein the old worn
guides are first reamed and then have slitted tubular members
forced into the reamed guides. The tubular member inserts can then
be reamed to size. The operation can also include knurling and
broaching of the tubular members after insertion of the tubular
member into the the reamed valve guide. The tubular member has an
outer diameter greater than the inner diameter of the reamed guide
so that a press fit between the tubular member and the guide
results.
Inventors: |
Kammeraad; James A. (Holland,
MI), Kammeraad; Donald J. (Holland, MI) |
Assignee: |
K-Line Tool Company (Holland,
MI)
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Family
ID: |
26897464 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/202,207 |
Filed: |
November 26, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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847927 |
Aug 6, 1969 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
29/888.41;
29/DIG.23; 29/235; 29/402.11; 29/451; 29/525; 29/888.42;
123/188.9 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F01L
3/08 (20130101); B23P 19/084 (20130101); B23P
6/00 (20130101); Y10T 29/49945 (20150115); Y10T
29/493 (20150115); Y10S 29/023 (20130101); Y10T
29/49302 (20150115); Y10T 29/49872 (20150115); Y10T
29/53657 (20150115); Y10T 29/49734 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
B23P
6/00 (20060101); F01L 3/08 (20060101); F01L
3/00 (20060101); B23P 19/08 (20060101); B23p
007/00 (); B23p 015/00 (); B23p 019/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;29/157.1,213,235,401,451,525,156.4WL
;123/90.67,188P,188VA,188GC,188SA ;308/5V,237R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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582,438 |
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Sep 1958 |
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IT |
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869,384 |
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May 1961 |
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GB |
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Primary Examiner: Lanham; Charles W.
Assistant Examiner: Combs; E. M.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Price, Heneveld, Huizenga &
Cooper
Parent Case Text
This is a division of application Ser. No. 847,927 filed Aug. 6,
1969, now abandoned.
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or
privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. A method of rebuilding valve guides comprising the steps of:
reaming a valve guide so as to expand the diameter thereof:
providing a tubular metallic insert having an open longitudinal
slit extending the length thereof, said slit being adapted to close
upon radial compression of said insert, the outer diameter of said
insert, with said slit completely closed under such radial
compression, substantially equaling the diameter of said reamed
guide;
forcing said insert into a tapered adapter having a minimum
diameter substantially equal to the diameter of said reamed guide
and thereby radially compressing said insert and completely closing
said slit;
positioning said adapter over said valve guide with said insert in
alignment with said valve guide;
driving said insert through said adapter into said valve guide
until the leading extremity of said insert is flush with the
adapter-remote extremity of said valve guide;
removing said adapter; and
trimming any excess portion of said insert such that said insert is
thereafter substantially coextensive with said valve guide.
2. A method according to claim 1 further comprising the step of
flowing the metal of said insert after said insert has been driven
into said reamed valve guide to seal said slit thereby preventing
oil from flowing through said slit within said valve guide.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein said flowing step
comprises narrowing the inner diameter of said insert.
4. The method according to claim 2 wherein said flowing step
comprises broaching the inner surface of said insert.
5. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of reaming
said inner surface of said insert after said flowing step to make a
pre-determined diameter bore for said valve guide.
6. A method according to claim 1 wherein said longitudinal slit is
formed of interengaging finger portions which abut each other at
the circumferential edges thereof so as to prevent flow of oil
through said valve guide.
7. A method according to claim 1 wherein said tubular insert is
made from phosphor bronze.
8. A method according to claim 7 wherein the wall thickness of said
tubular insert is in the range of 10 to 25 thousands of an
inch.
9. A method according to claim 1 wherein the wall thickness of said
tubular insert is in the range of 10 to 25 thousands of an
inch.
10. A method according to claim 1 wherein said tubular insert is
formed by progressively forming cut blanks from sheet stock into a
tubular shape.
11. A method according to claim 1 wherein said longitudinal slit is
formed by offset portions so that said slit is nonlinear.
12. A method according to claim 1 further comprising the step of
reaming the inner surface of said tubular insert after said tubular
insert has been forced into said reamed valve guide, so as to
provide the inner surface of said tubular insert with a
pre-determined inner diameter.
Description
This invention relates to rebuilding valve guides. In one of its
aspects, it relates to rebuilding valve guides wherein the old
guides are first reamed and slitted tubular members are then forced
into the reamed guides.
In another of its aspects, the invention relates to a system for
rebuilding valve guides in which a reaming means is provided to
ream out the old valve guide, a tubular member having a
longitudinal slit is provided, and means are provided for forcing
the tubular member into a reamed valve guide to provide a press fit
between the reamed valve guide and the tubular member.
Valve guides for internal combustion engines become worn through
extended use. It is necessary for the valve guide to have close
tolerances between the valve stem and the valve guides in order for
the engine to operate efficiently.
Tools have been devised for effectively reducing the diameter of a
hole such as valve guides. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,097,426, for example,
there is disclosed a tool for reducing the effective diameter of a
hole by forming flat crested threads within the hole. This tool
cannot always be used for rebuilding valve guides, however, because
in many instances the valve guides are so badly worn that there is
insufficient metal to form the desired inner diameter of the
guide.
Other systems have been developed for rebuilding valve guides. One
such system drills and reams out valve guides and then inserts a
tubular cast iron cylinder into the reamed out hole. The excess
portion of the cylinder is then trimmed off. The thickness of the
cast iron cylinder is necessarily about 75 to 100 thousands of an
inch. Substantial amounts of metal must be removed from the valve
guide necessitating the use of precision drilling equipment.
Numerous jigs, dies, guides and leveling devices, and special power
units are required with the system. As a result a large capital
investment is required to use the same. Further, the wearability of
the new valve guide is about the same as that of the original valve
guide.
Another system first drills an anchor hole in a valve guide. Then a
self-piloting tap is threaded into the valve guide. A phosphor
bronze spiral bushing is then threaded into the threaded valve
guide with a special tool. Excess material is removed from the ends
of the bushing and a broach is forced through the guide to set the
bushing in place. The valve guide is then reamed to size. The
tapping of the valve guide is a complicated operation and the
insertion of the spiral bushing is difficult.
I have now discovered still another system and method for
rebuilding valve guides wherein the use of a slotted tubular member
as a valve guide permits a simple system of tools to be used to
quickly, easily and effectively rebuild the guides.
By various aspects of this invention one or more of the following,
or other, objects can be obtained.
It is an object of this invention to provide a system and method
for rebuilding valve guides wherein a few simple tools are
employed.
It is another object of this invention to provide a system and
method for quickly and easily rebuilding valve guides wherein the
rebuilt valve guides have improved wear characteristics.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a system for
rebuilding valve guides in which durable inserts used in the system
are inexpensively and quickly made to the proper size needed for
the job.
It is still another object of this invention to provide a system
and method for rebuilding valve guides in which the valve guides
are first reamed but said reaming operation requires only simple
and inexpensive tools.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide a method and
system for rebuilding valve guides wherein the rebuilt guides have
maximum heat transfer properties to minimize wear of the rebuilt
guides.
It is another object of this invention to provide an improved
rebuilt valve guide having improved wear characteristics and closer
tolerances for more efficient engine operation.
Other aspects, objects, and the serveral advantages of this
invention are apparent to one skilled in the art from a study of
this disclosure, the drawings, and the appended claims.
According to the invention there is provided a method for
rebuilding valve guides comprising the steps of reaming said valve
guides so as to expand the diameter thereof, forcing a tubular
longitudinal insert into the reamed valve guides to provide a new
surface for the guide. The inserts have an outer diameter greater
than the inner diameter of the reamed hole and have a longitudinal
slit extending the length thereof so that the tubular member
conforms in a press fit to the inner diameter of the reamed valve
guide.
Further according to the invention, the metal of the insert is
flowed to join the slit thereby preventing the oil from flowing
through the slit within the valve guides. Preferably the tubular
insert is made from phosphor bronze for greater wearability of the
rebuilt guides.
Further according to the invention, the tubular member is formed by
progressively forming cut blanks from sheet stock into a tubular
shape. The longitudinal slit in the tubular member can be formed by
offset portions such that the slit is nonlinear, or can be formed
by interengaging finger portions which abut each other at the
circumferential edges thereof.
Still further according to the invention there is provided a system
for rebuilding valve guides comprising a means for reaming the
valve guide, a tubular member having a slit extending
longitudinally from one end to the other and adapted to fit
coextensively within said valve guide. The outer diameter of the
tubular member is slightly greater than the outer diameter of the
reaming means. Means are also provided for forcing the tubular
member into a reamed valve guide, thereby making a press fit
between the tubular member and the reamed valve guide.
Still further according to the invention a valve guide for an
internal combustion engine has a valve guide formed from a
cylindrical hole in the engine block, a cylindrical thin wall
tubular member is firmly secured in the cylindrical hole, the
tubular member having a longitudinal seam from one end to the
other. The wall thickness of the tubular member is preferably in
the range of 10 to 25 thousands of an inch and the tubular member
is preferably made from a phosphor bronze.
The invention will now be described with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a partial side elevational view in section of a typical
valve guide and valve stem in operating position;
FIG. 2 is a view of the valve guide similar to FIG. 1 illustrating
a first step of the method of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a tubular insert used in practicing
the invention;
FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of the valve guide like FIG. 2,
but showing a second step of the process;
FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of the valve guide illustrated in
FIGS. 2 and 4 showing a further step in the process;
FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5 showing the rebuilt valve guide
after a knurling operation;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a modified tubular member; and
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of still another modified tubular
member.
Referring now to the drawings, and to FIG. 1 in particular, an
overhead valve engine head 10 has machined therein a valve guide 11
with an exposed shoulder portion indicated generally by the
reference numeral 12 through which the valve stem 13 is passed
during assembly. Ordinarily, the exposed shoulder 12 will be
integrally cast with the remainder of the head and thereafter
machined to proper dimensions. A valve spring 14 encircles exposed
shoulder portion 12 of the valve guide assembly and the valve is
conventionally retained with respect thereto by a pair of valve
keepers 18. While not shown, of course, the valve stem 13 extends
downwardly and terminates in a valve portion having a suitable seat
machined into the lower surface of the head 10. The valve spring 14
retains the valve in closed position with respect to the seat
except when forced downwardly by a rocker arm (not shown) or the
like in proper operational sequence. An oil seal 20 prevents oil
from flowing between the valve stem 16 and the valve guide 11 and
into the combustion chamber of the engine.
The seal 20 is retained in compressive abutment by means of the
retaining boot assembly 22 which has a tubular base member 24
adapted to telescopically engage the outer diameter of the valve
guide 12 through indent 26. The seal structure is more fully
described and claimed in U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 675,586,
filed Oct. 16, 1967.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown a first step in the valve
rebuilding guide method. The valve stem 16 and its associated
components are removed from the shoulder portion 12. A reamer tool
30 having a threaded section 32 with a tapered leading portion 34
and a sizing portion 36 is forced through the valve guide. The
reamer tool 30 is a self-piloting tool so that the axis of the
reamed valve guide is the same as the original axis of the guide.
The reamer tool 30 has a reamer section comprised of longitudinal
flutes 38 which cuts away and thereby expands the diameter of the
valve guide.
Referring now to FIG. 3 a tubular member 40 is stamped from a blank
of phosphor bronze and progressively formed into a tubular shape,
leaving a longitudinal slit 42.
Referring now to FIG. 4, the tubular insert 40 is forced into the
reamed valve guide 11' by means of an adapter 44 having a tapered
inner diameter 46. The outer diameter of the tubular member 40 is
greater than the reamed valve guide 11' so that the tubular insert
40 must be radially compressed in order to force the same into the
reamed valve guide 11'. The adaptor 44 is annular shaped. At the
upper portion, the inner diameter of the adaptor is greater than
the outer diameter of the tubular insert 40. At the lower portion,
the inner diameter of the adaptor 44 is equal to or less than the
inner diameter of the reamed valve guide 11'.
A forcing tool 48 is positioned in the upper portion of the tubular
insert 40 and is struck at the top portion thereof to force the
tubular insert through the adaptor 44 and into the reamed valve
guide 11'. The forcing tool 48 may have a lower circumferential rim
as illustrated in the drawing or may be flat.
The tubular insert 40 can be cut from a blank so as to be exactly
the length of the valve guide. Alternately standard size blanks can
be used with an excess length trimmed off when the tubular members
have been inserted into the valve guides. Thus, when the tubular
insert 40 is completely within the valve guide as illustrated in
FIG. 5, with the top portion of the tubular insert 40 even with the
top surface of the shoulder portion 12, the tubular insert 40 will
be coextensive with the reamed valve guide 11'. Further, the blanks
are so dimensioned that the slit 42 is closed forming a
longitudinal seam as the tubular insert is forced into the reamed
valve guide. The wall thickness of the tubular inserts can be in
the range of 10 to 25 thousands of an inch and preferably in the
range of 15 to 20 thousands of an inch. Preferably the tubular
inserts are made from phosphor bronze for maximum wearability.
At this point, the valve guide is ready for use. However,
additional steps can also be performed to improve still further the
rebuilt valve guide structure.
For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the inner surface of the
tubular insert 40 can be knurled as at 50 to flow the metal of the
tubular insert. This knurling process flows the metal of the
tubular insert 40 so as to seal off the passage through slit 42. By
this step, the oil within the engine is prevented from seeping
through the valve guide 11. In addition, the knurling operation
more firmly seats the insert 40 within the reamed valve guide. Many
tools are available for this knurling operation. One such tool is
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,038,253.
After the knurling operation, the valve guide can then be reamed
again to a predetermined size diameter if necessary. The rebuilt
valve guide will then be as good as or better than the original
valve guide of the engine.
In a modified procedure, the rebuilt valve guide illustrated in
FIG. 5 can be broached with a common broaching tool in order to
flow the metal in the same manner as was done with the knurling
tool.
The modified tubular insert 52 illustrated in FIG. 7 has
circumferentially offset slits 54 and 56 which are contiguous and
form a longitudinal slit in the tubular insert. This modified
tubular insert 52 can be formed in the same manner as the tubular
insert 40, i.e. stamped from tubular stock and progressively formed
in dies into a tubular shape.
Another modified tubular insert 60 is illustrated in FIG. 8. This
modified insert has interlocking fingers 62 and 64 which form in
the tubular insert longitudinal slit 66 having a tortuous path. The
interlocking fingers 62 and 64 abut at the circumferential edges
thereof so that when the tubular member 60 is inserted within the
valve guide, oil will not be able to flow through the longitudinal
slit 66 from one end to another. However, oil pockets can be left
at the open slit portion 66 to provide oil retaining means for
lubricating the valve stem within the valve guide.
This modified tubular insert 60 is formed in the same manner as the
tubular insert 40, i.e. by stamping the same out of blanks of
metal, preferably phosphor bronze, and then progressively forming
the stamped blanks into a tubular shape as illustrated.
The use of the longitudinal slits facilitate the insertion of the
tubular member into the reamed valve guide so that a press fit is
maintained between the tubular insert 40 and the reamed valve
guide. Further, the formation of the tubular inserts are simple and
inexpensive with the stamping and forming operations. By the nature
of the interlocking relationship of the tubular inserts 52 and 60,
no material is wasted in the stamping operation.
The stamping operation is very precise and precision parts can be
formed thereby. The tubular inserts formed by such process can be
precisely formed from thin gage phosphor bronze or other similar
material. The thinner the material is, the better the operation of
the valve guides. The interface between the insert and the engine
block retards the heat flow away from the valve guides during
operation. It has been found that as the wall thickness of the
inserts decreases, the retarding effect of the interface decreases.
Therefore, it is desirable to use as thin a material as possible
without mitigating the wearability of the valve guide. By the use
of the blanks, the wall thickness can be reduced to about 10
thousands of an inch.
Further, with the use of the sheet stock to form the tubular
inserts, the final inner diameter of the valve guide can be
controlled with far greater accuracy than if the tubular inserts
were cast or reamed.
A still further advantage of the use of the thin wall material is
that only small amounts of material need be removed from the worn
valve guides. This small amount of material can be removed with a
single pass of a self-piloting reaming tool disclosed above. In the
prior art systems, it is sometimes necessary to make multiple
passes with reaming tools in order to remove enough material from
the valve guide. When substantial amounts of material are removed
from the valve guide, as with prior art systems, the alignment of
the reaming tools is more critical and must be controlled with more
complicated equipment and more complicated procedures.
Reasonable variation and modification are possible with the scope
of the foregiong disclosure, the drawings, and appended claims
without departing from the spirit of the invention.
* * * * *