U.S. patent number 3,828,357 [Application Number 05/341,208] was granted by the patent office on 1974-08-06 for pulsed droplet ejecting system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Gould Inc.. Invention is credited to William E. Koeblitz.
United States Patent |
3,828,357 |
Koeblitz |
August 6, 1974 |
PULSED DROPLET EJECTING SYSTEM
Abstract
A facsimile system is described which employs a pulsed ink
droplet ejecting system as the record marking means. In such a
system, undesired droplets are sometimes deposited on record areas
that should receive no ink. The cause of this irregularity is
explained and circuit modifications are described which eliminate
the undesired marking.
Inventors: |
Koeblitz; William E.
(Lyndburst, OH) |
Assignee: |
Gould Inc. (Chicago,
IL)
|
Family
ID: |
23336643 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/341,208 |
Filed: |
March 14, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
347/10; 310/317;
347/3; 347/68 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04N
1/40025 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04N
1/40 (20060101); G01d 015/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;346/140,75
;178/6.6B,6.6R,6,5 ;310/8.1 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hartary; Joseph W.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Hyde; Eber J.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A record marking system adapted for use in a facsimile type
recorder wherein a record receiving member is successively marked
with varying degrees of shading representative of electric signal
information supplied to said recorder comprising:
an electric pulse actuated ink ejecting system of the type which
ejects no ink when the pulse amplitude is below a first level,
ejects ink droplets with an unacceptable degree of irregularity
when the pulse amplitudes fall within a threshold zone extending
from said first level to a higher second level, and ejects ink with
an acceptable degree of regularity in response to each pulse having
amplitude above said second level, the quantity of ink ejected per
pulse having amplitude above said second level increasing as the
pulse amplitude increases; and
circuit means connected to said ink ejecting system and adapted to
apply electric pulses thereto, said circuit means including means
for preventing the application of pulses having amplitudes which
fall in said threshold zone, but permitting the application to said
ink ejecting system of pulses having varying amplitudes above said
threshold zone.
2. A record marking system according to claim 1 in which said
circuit means includes means for preventing the application of all
pulses having amplitudes below said second level.
3. In a pulsed droplet ejecting system comprising:
a conduit connected to a nozzle;
liquid filling said conduit and nozzle;
a transducer coupled to said liquid in said conduit and adapted to
apply a pressure pulse to said liquid when an electric pulse is
applied to said transducer, said pressure pulse causing ejection of
liquid from said nozzle when the amplitude of said electric pulse
exceeds a limiting level but causing no ejection when the amplitude
of said pulse is less than said level; and
circuit means connected to said transducer and adapted to apply
thereto electric pulses having a range of amplitudes embracing said
level;
the improvement which comprises:
said circuit means including means adapted to prevent the
application to said transducer of pulses having amplitudes falling
within a selected range of amplitudes which includes said level,
while permitting application to said transducer of pulses of
varying amplitudes above said selected range of amplitudes.
4. In a pulsed droplet ejecting system as described in claim 3,
said selected range of amplitudes extending to zero amplitude.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention pertains to a system for ejecting droplets of ink on
command suitable for use in apparatus such as ink jet printers and
facsimile recorders.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Droplet on command ink ejecting systems generally have small
nozzles containing ink under zero pressure or small positive or
negative pressure. Surface tension in the nozzles prevents flow of
ink in the absence of command pulses. When a droplet is desired
from a nozzle, a pressure pulse of sufficient amplitude is applied
to the ink in the nozzle to overcome the surface tension, thereby
causing ejection of a droplet.
In one form of droplet on command system the pressure is exerted by
electrostatic attraction when a suitable voltage pulse is applied
between the ink in the nozzle and an external electrode. In another
form, exemplified by U.S. Pat. No. 3,683,212 granted to Steven I.
Zoltan, the pressure is applied by an electroacoustic transducer
when a suitable electric pulse is applied to the transducer. The
quantity of ink ejected per pulse increases with pulse amplitude
and thus such systems are useful in facsimile type recorders in
which records are made having controlled variations in shading.
However, it has been found that sometimes small ink droplets are
deposited in random positions on areas that should be free of spots
causing an undesirable background shading.
OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The principal object of this invention is to provide a droplet on
command ink ejecting system which may be used in a record marking
system without producing the undesirable background above
described.
According to this invention an electric pulse actuated ink ejecting
system of the type which ejects no ink when the pulse amplitude is
below a threshold level, ejects ink droplets with an unacceptable
degree of irregularity when the pulse amplitudes fall within a
threshold zone extending from the threshold level to a higher
second level, and ejects ink with an acceptable degree of
regularity in response to each pulse having amplitude above the
second level, is driven by a circuit which includes means for
preventing the application of pulses having amplitudes which fall
in the threshold zone.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 illustrates one form of droplet on command ink ejecting
system with which the invention may be used;
FIG. 2 illustrates a facsimile system employing the ink ejecting
system of FIG. 1 as the record marking means;
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the response of a system of the type
shown in FIG. 1 to pulses of different amplitudes;
FIGS. 4a, 4b, and 4c illustrate signal wave forms in various parts
of the circuit of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4d illustrates the signal wave form of FIG. 4c modified
according to this invention; and
FIG. 5 shows a way in which the circuit of FIG. 2 may be modified
to embody this invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
This invention is useful in connection with droplet on command ink
ejecting systems. Examples of one type of droplet on command system
are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,683,212 granted to S. I. Zoltan
and in U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 330,360 filed by J. P. Arndt,
both assigned to the same assignee as the present invention.
Reference may be made thereto for more detailed descriptions.
However, for the purpose of explaining the present invention, the
following brief description should suffice.
In FIG. 1, a nozzle 1 is formed at one end of a glass or metal or
plastic tube 2 which serves as a section of conduit 4. Plastic tube
5 and metal or glass tube 6 continue conduit 4 to reservoir 7 where
it communicated with a supply of ink or other liquid 8. Conduit 4
and nozzle 1 are filled with the liquid. The level of liquid in
reservoir 7 is maintained at an elevation which results in zero
static pressure or at a slight positive or negative pressure at the
nozzle. Surface tension in the nozzle prevents liquid flow in the
absence of drive pulses.
A tubular piezoelectric ceramic transducer 10 surrounds conduit
section 2 and is secured thereto in stress transmitting engagement
by epoxy cement, not shown. Terminal wires 11, 13 connect to
electrodes on the outer and inner cylindrical surfaces of the
transducer.
When a voltage pulse of suitable polarity is applied between
terminals 11 and 13, transducer 10 decreases in diameter for the
duration of the pulse. This contraction forces similar contraction
of conduit section 2 thereby applying a pressure pulse to the
liquid. If the voltage pulse has sufficient amplitude, a droplet 14
is ejected from nozzle 1. As pulses of increasing voltage are
applied, the quantity of liquid ejected per pulse also
increases.
The simplicity of the droplet ejecting system illustrated in FIG.
1, and its capability to eject quantities of liquid which vary
according to pulse amplitude make the system well suited for use as
the marking means in facsimile type recorders wherein it is
required to record with variations in shading. In order to describe
the present invention it is expedient first to describe such a
facsimile system.
FIG. 2 illustrates a facsimile system employing the droplet
ejecting system of FIG. 1 and which may be modified to incorporate
the improvement of the present invention.
The picture or other graphic material 16 to be transmitted is
wrapped around and secured to drum 17. A sheet of paper 19 on which
a copy of picture 16 is to be made is wrapped around and secured to
drum 20. Drums 17 and 20 are caused, by means not shown, to rotate
about their respective axes 22, 23 with identical angular
velocities, and with the tops of picture 16 and sheet 19 always in
the same relative positions. Means for maintaining the
synchronization and phasing of the drum rotations are well known
and a description is not required for the purpose of explaining the
present invention.
A carriage 25 is transported by lead screw 26 parallel to the axis
22 of drum 17. Carriage 28 is transported by lead screw 29 parallel
to the axis 23 of drum 20. The motions of the two carriages also
are synchronized, for example by driving them through identical
gear trains, not shown, from their respective drums.
A photoelectric system 31 is mounted on carriage 25. It contains a
light source, a photosensor, and lenses arranged so that the sensor
is illuminated by the light reflected from a very small area of
picture 16. Thus as drum 17 rotates and carriage 25 is transported
parallel to axis 22 of the drum, the entire picture is scanned and
the electric output of system 31 represents instantaneous values of
shading of the picture as the scanning proceeds. The output
connects to signal conditioner 32 which may amplify the signal, and
apply corrections for nonlinearity. The output of signal
conditioner 32, at line 33, is zero when the photoelectric system
31 is viewing a white area, and positive when viewing a shaded area
with maximum value when it is viewing a black area. Means for
performing the functions of photoelectric system 31 and signal
conditioner 32 are well known, and further details are not required
in the description of the present invention.
The droplet ejecting system of FIG. 1 is mounted on carriage 28
with nozzle 1 close to and aimed directly at sheet 19. Transducer
10 is driven by pulses from pulse generator 34 which are amplified
by drive amplifier 35. The pulse rate, and the transport rate of
carriage 28 are so related to the surface velocity of drum 20 that
sheet 19 may be substantially fully covered by slightly overlapping
ink spots by continuously pulsing transducer 10 at high pulse
amplitude.
When a picture or other graphic material 16 is being copied, the
amplitude of each pulse delivered to transducer 10 is controlled by
the signal from signal conditioner 32 via amplifier 41 and
modulator 37. Thus ink is ejected repeatedly from nozzle 1, the
quantity ejected for each pulse being a function of the darkness of
the small area of picture 16 then being viewed by photoelectric
system 31. Therefore picture 16 is reconstructed on sheet 19 in the
form of closely spaced ink spots with shading determined by the
sizes of the spots.
Potentiometer 38 permits adjustment of the overall system
sensitivity and in particular the black level. Bias adjustment 40
is provided for a purpose to be described in connection with FIGS.
3 and 4.
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating how the quantity of ink ejected in
response to each pulse varies with pulse amplitude in a droplet
ejecting system of the type described in reference to FIG. 1. At
some low pulse amplitude, which may be called to threshold level,
the curve is discontinuous. At lower pulse amplitudes no ink is
ejected. The threshold level depends on a number of design
parameters but the exact value is somewhat indeterminate as it
appears to vary slightly from time to time for reasons which have
not been fully identified.
The numerical values shown in FIG. 3 represent performance of a
system having one particular set of parameters, and the threshold
level is at about forty volts. In the present example it is assumed
that the drum speed and pulse rate have been so selected that the
ink ejected in response to repeated pulses of 150 volts results in
slightly overlapping spots on record sheet 19, FIG. 2.
FIG. 4a illustrates the picture signal from signal conditioner 32
in FIG. 2 as a horizontal black stripe 36, on a white background in
picture 16, sweeps past the scanning area of photoelectric system
31.
FIG. 4b illustrates the modulating signal applied to modulator 37
from amplifier 41. It is the combination of the signal of FIG. 4a
and the bias from potentiometer 40 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4c illustrates the amplitude modulated pulses applied to
transducer 10. It can be seen that the bias from potentiometer 40
was adjusted so that pulses 43, and 50, 51, and 52, representing
the white background, (zero picture signal) have amplitudes of
about 35 volts, the level at which the curve of FIG. 3,
extrapolated, indicates zero ink ejection. It can also be seen that
potentiometer 38 was adjusted so that pulses 45, 46, 47, and 48
representing the black area of the stripe (maximum picture signal)
have amplitudes of 150 volts, which results in ink ejection
sufficient to provide overlapping dots on sheet 19. Pulses 44 and
49 have amplitudes intermediate between 35 volts (white) and 150
volts (black) because they occurred as the scanning area embraced
both white and black areas.
In actual practice, the bias may be adjusted to a somewhat
different value to obtain shading which is most pleasing to the
operator of the apparatus.
Pictures and other graphic material have been recorded with good
quality using a system such as that illustrated in FIG. 2. However,
under some conditions of shading in the original picture an
undesirable background of scattered small ink spots was recorded in
areas that should have been white, such as in the white background
immediately following a black area. This undesirable background
could not be alleviated by adjusting bias control 40.
It has been determined that the undesirable background results from
the operating characteristics of the ink droplet ejecting system
when pulses are applied which have amplitudes falling in a small
range extending upwardly from the threshold level. In FIG. 3 this
range is identified as the threshold zone and in FIG. 4c pulse 49
falls in that zone. The droplets ejected in response to pulses
having amplitudes falling in the threshold zone have very low
velocities, and have unstable trajectories. Thus these droplets
arrive late at sheet 19, FIG. 2. For certain picture contents, they
are deposited on areas that should be free of dots. The scattering
of the misplaced spots is due to the unstable trajectories. These
difficulties diminish as pulse amplitudes are increased above the
threshold level. The level marking the upper limit of the threshold
zone depends, among other things, on the tolerance placed on spot
position. A representative width of the threshold zone is about 10
volts when the threshold level is about 40 volts.
The present invention eliminates the objectionable background by
preventing pulses that would have amplitudes in the threshold zone
from driving transducer 10. This is illustrated in FIG. 4d in which
pulse 49 of FIG. 4c has been eliminated. It has been found by
experiment that graphic material recorded by a system incorporating
this invention is generally more pleasing to most observers.
When the circuit is adjusted as described in reference to FIG. 4d,
pulses such as 43, 50, 51, and 52 representing white background
have amplitudes falling below the threshold level and do not cause
ejection of droplets. Thus the "white pulses" need not be
eliminated. However, it is expedient to eliminate them and
sometimes advantageous to do so because the exact demarcation of
the threshold level is uncertain.
FIG. 5 shows one way in which the circuit of FIG. 2 can be modified
to incorporate the present invention simply by adding components.
Gate 59 is interposed between modulator 37 and transducer drive
amplifier 35. When gate control line 61 is plus, the gate passes
pulses from the modulator and when line 61 is minus the gate blocks
the pulses. Differential comparator 55, which may for example be an
operational amplifier without feedback, has its output connected to
line 61 to control gate 59. Potentiometer 56 provides an adjustable
plus reference voltage to the inverting input of comparator 55.
When switch 62 is in position 64, a plus voltage greater than the
reference voltage is applied to the non-inverting input of
comparator 55. This turns gate 59 on and the system functions as
though the circuit of FIG. 2 had not been modified.
When switch 62 is in position 65, picture signal from potentiometer
38 is applied to the non-inverting input of comparator 55. In the
absence of picture signal, the reference voltage from potentiometer
56 turns gate 59 off preventing pulses from reaching amplifier 35.
When the picture signal rises to equal the reference voltage from
potentiometer 56, the output of comparator 55 reverses polarity
turning gate 59 on to pass pulses from modulator 37.
Referring to the example of FIG. 4, initial adjustment of the
system may be made as follows. With switch 62 in position 64,
potentiometer 40 may be adjusted so that when the picture signal is
zero, pulses of about 35 volts are applied to transducer 10 as
earlier described. With a "black signal" at line 33, potentiometer
38 is set to develop pulses of 150 volts amplitude. Next switch 62
is turned to position 65, and potentiometer 56 is adjusted so that
pulses having amplitudes below 50 volts are blocked at gate 59 and
pulses above 50 volts are passed. With such adjustment comparator
55 switches state at points 58 on the picture signal envelope in
FIG. 4c.
It will be appreciated that many different circuit arrangements can
be designed to carry out this invention. As examples, gate 59 could
be inserted between amplifier 41 and modulator 37, or the
non-inverting input of comparator 55 could receive picture signal
plus bias from the output of amplifier 41 rather than receive just
picture signal from potentiometer 38, or the bias supply for
potentiometer 40 could be obtained from the output of comparator 55
through an inverter thus eliminating the need for gate 59. Another
of the many possible variations is to obtain all or part of the
bias which is to be added to the picture signal, FIG. 4b, from
photoelectric system 31 or signal conditioner 32, rather than from
potentiometer 40.
While there have been described what are at present considered to
be the preferred embodiments of this invention, it will be obvious
to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications
may be made therein without departing from the invention, and it is
aimed, therefore, in the appended claims to cover all such changes
and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the
invention.
* * * * *