U.S. patent number 3,824,992 [Application Number 05/342,098] was granted by the patent office on 1974-07-23 for pressure garment.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Clinical Technology Incorporated. Invention is credited to Charles S. Lipson, James E. Nicholson.
United States Patent |
3,824,992 |
Nicholson , et al. |
July 23, 1974 |
PRESSURE GARMENT
Abstract
A garment to provide pulsating pressure to a lower human
extremity for aiding blood circulation in the extremity and having
an outer nonelastic plastic envelope sealed to an internal
relatively soft envelope providing an air space therebetween for
the application of pulsating pressure uniformly to a limb inserted
within the inner envelope. The inner envelope has a common seam
along part of its length with the outer envelope to prevent
inflation pressure from displacing the two envelopes. A system of
apertures in the inner envelope provide for a limited gaseous
passage of air from the pressurized space between the two envelopes
to the surface of a limb encased within to provide breathing air
for the skin.
Inventors: |
Nicholson; James E. (Quincy,
MA), Lipson; Charles S. (Newton, MA) |
Assignee: |
Clinical Technology
Incorporated (Brighton, MA)
|
Family
ID: |
23340319 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/342,098 |
Filed: |
March 16, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
601/152;
128/DIG.20 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61H
9/0078 (20130101); A61B 17/132 (20130101); A61F
13/08 (20130101); Y10S 128/20 (20130101); A61H
2201/1697 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
17/12 (20060101); A61B 17/132 (20060101); A61F
13/06 (20060101); A61F 13/08 (20060101); A61H
23/04 (20060101); A61h 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/24R,64,60,DIG.20,165,166,82.1,87 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Trapp; Lawrence W.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Tarrant; Thomas N.
Claims
We claim:
1. In a garment for an animal body extremity consisting of inner
and outer envelopes forming a pocket therebetween for the periodic
application of fluid pressure to stimulate flow of vascular fluids,
the combination in said inner envelope comprising:
a. A soft compliant envelope material readily moldable to an animal
body under light pressure;
b. An open-ended proximal portion to said inner envelope;
c. A closed distal portion to said inner envelope;
d. A fluid impermeable seam connecting the open end of said
proximal portion to said outer envelope;
e. A longitudinal seam along the length of said proximal portion
connected to said outer envelope; and,
f. A complete separation between the distal portion of said inner
envelope and said outer envelope whereby the distal portion of said
inner envelope has freedom of movement within said outer
envelope.
2. In a garment according to claim 1 the combination in which said
distal portion is perforated by a plurality of small apertures for
allowing a gaseous flow between said inner envelope and along the
surface of said animal body.
3. In a garment according to claim 1 the combination in which said
distal portion is shaped to accomodate a foot.
4. In a garment according to claim 1, the combination with said
inner envelope of a flexible tube extending from the exterior
through said open ended proximal portion and extending into the
proximity of said closed distal portion whereby to provide a flow
of ventilating gas between said first envelope and said limb.
5. A garment for enhancing blood circulation in an animal body
comprising:
a. A first envelope of soft compliant synthetic resin open at one
end and closed at the other for insertion of an animal limb;
b. A second envelope of semirigid synthetic resin exterior to said
first envelope and sealed to said first envelope at said open end
to form a pocket therebetween;
c. Port means connected to said second envelope for introducing gas
between said second envelope and said first envelope so as to
compress said first envelope against said limb; and,
d. A plurality of pores in said first envelope in the proximity of
the closed end for providing a ventilating flow of gas between said
first envelope and said limb, the total area of said pores being
less than the area of said port means.
6. A garment having an open end and a closed end for enhancing
blood circulation in an animal body comprising:
a. A first envelope of soft compliant synthetic resin open at one
end and closed at the other for insertion of an animal limb;
b. A second envelope of semirigid synthetic resin exterior to said
first envelope and sealed to said first envelope at said open end
to form a pocket therebetween;
c. Port means connected to said second envelope proximate to said
closed end for introducing gas between said second envelope and
said first envelope so as to compress said first envelope against
said limb; and,
d. A plurality of apertures located in said garment proximate to
said open end, whereby on the application of fluid pressure at said
port means, fluid flow through said apertures provides a pressure
gradient entending from a relatively high pressure at said closed
to a relatively low pressure at said open end.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to pressure garments for aiding blood
circulation and in particular to those for use on animal
extremities to provide pulsating pressures urging venous blood from
the limb and thereby encourage introduction of arterial blood.
Description of the Prior Art
In the mid "30's" there was some recognition of the fact that
thrombotic occlusion sometimes occurs as a result of poor blood
circulation in the human extremities. See, for example, U.S. Pat.
Nos. 2,134,646 and 2,142,689. However, there was no widespread
acceptance of devices for improving the circulation. In the last
few years, investigations have shown that an unexpectedly large
percentage of post-operative deaths have been a direct result of
embolic occulsion and a good deal of this embolic occlusion is
attributed to the enforced bed rest of the patients. Blood
circulation in the lower extremities of a confined person is
notoriously poor. It is now recognized fact that it is desirable to
have a patient up and about as soon as possible after an operation
in order to obtain the most favorable prognosis. But only
relatively recent studies have demonstrated that the greatest
benefit of this is probably due to the reduction in thrombotic
occulsion.
Early pressure garments tended to use a single pressurized envelope
with seals to the skin of the patient at the open end or ends.
Since these seals were somewhat tricky in manufacture and usually
cause a certain amount of irritation in use, more recent pressure
garments have used double envelopes in which pressure between the
two envelopes forced the inner envelope against the patient's skin.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,747,570 to Jobst and U.S. Pat. No. 3,391,692 to
Spielberg describe pressure garments which are designed to provide
greater pressure at the lower portion of the enclosed limb
graduated to lesser pressure at the upper enclosed portion of the
limb. It can be expected that such a pressure gradient would help
to promote an undirectional flow of blood. It has been
demonstrated, however, that even with blood veins in poor
condition, such that the undirectional valves of the veins function
inadequately, that light pulsating pressure over a large portion of
a lower extremity will increase blood flow through the extremity.
Accordingly, U.S. Pat. No. 3,083,708 to Gottfried discloses a
pressure garment completely encasing the lower extremity up to the
thigh for the application of light pulsating pressures without a
gradient.
Most of these prior art devices have used lacings or zippers or
some arrangement of air pockets resulting in complexity and
increased cost. Another difficulty in prior art devices has been
the use of inner envelope material uncomfortable to the skin or
producing an air seal against the skin such as to prevent the skin
from perspiring freely. Blocking the evaporation of skin vapors
hinders the human system from controlling the skin temperature and
generally causing discomfort.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Now, in accordance with the present invention, a pressure garment
for the animal extremities is provided which has an outer
relatively stiff, nonelastic envelope supporting an inlet stem for
the application of pulsating gaseous pressure. An inner soft
plastic envelope has an open end sealed to the open end of the
outer envelope and is further bonded along the longitudinal line to
the outer envelope. The inner envelope further has a plurality of
breathing pores to provide for the passage of applied gaseous media
past the inner envelope and along the skin of the wearer to enable
natural breathing of the skin.
Thus it is an object of the invention to provide a novel pressure
garment for improving blood circulation in animal extremities.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a double
envelope pressure garment carrying breathing pores in its inner
envelope for the passage of air along the skin of the wearer.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a novel pressure
garment for an animal extremity comprising an outer nonelastic
plastic envelope and an inner soft plastic envelope sealed to said
outer envelope so as to provide a pressurizable pocket
therebetween.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a pressure
garment for the lower limb consisting of inner and outer envelopes,
each closed at one end and sealed together at their open end being
further bonded together along their length from the open end
extending towards the closed end.
Further objects and features of the invention will become apparent
upon reading the following description together with the
drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a left side elevation of a garment according to the
invention with a portion of the outer envelope cut away at the
toe.
FIG. 2 is a right side elevation of the garment of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a left side elevation with a portion of the outer
envelope cut away of a second embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a side elevation of a third embodiment of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A boot-like garment for providing pulsating pressures to the foot
and lower leg is depicted in FIG. 1. The garment has outer envelope
10 made of clear semirigid 8 mil vinyl plastic. Envelope 10 is made
of first sheet 11 and second sheet 12 (FIG. 2) acting as left and
right sides thermally bonded together all around their perimeters
except at open end 14. Other materials may be used and may be
sealed together by other methods. The material need not be
transparent, but it must be impermeable to most fluids and
resistant to stretching to permit an internal pressure equal to at
least 40 mm of mercury at sea level.
Inner envelope 15 is made of soft elastic 4 mil matte vinyl.
Envelope 15 is made of third sheet 16 and fourth sheet 17 acting as
left and right sides thermally bonded together all around their
perimeters except at open end 14. Again other materials may be used
and may be sealed together by other methods. The material should be
sufficiently soft and compliant to mold itself under pressure to a
foot and lower leg without producing discomfort by way of
nonuniformity in contact pressures. Materials that are
insufficiently soft and compliant will frequently develop
relatively stiff wrinkles and resultant nonuniformity in
contact.
At open end 14, sheets 11 and 16 are thermally sealed together and
sheets 12 and 17 are thermally sealed together. This forms a
completely enclosed space or pocket in between envelopes 10 and
15.
Because the outer envelope is semirigid, there would be a loss of
free movement of the enclosed limb if the inner and outer envelopes
were secured together along their entire perimeters. However, on
the application of pressure between the envelopes, inner envelopes
15 is urged to extrude from outer envelope 10. This is avoided by
bonding envelopes 10 and 15 together along part of a longitudinal
seam. In the boot-like configuration of FIGS. 1 and 2 this is
accomplished by thermal bonding of the rear seams of envelopes 10
and 15 together from open end 14 to heel portion 18. The remainder
of foot portion 20 of envelope 15 remains free floating inside
envelope 10.
Envelope 10 carries port 21 for applying and withdrawing fluid or
for applying elastic waves to a contained fluid. Port 21, as
depicted, consists of a reinforcing element 22 and stem 24 of
tubing supported by and sealingly connected to element 22. Element
22 and stem 24 may be made of metal, rubber or plastic with element
22 clamped, or otherwise bonded tO envelope 10.
A plurality of small apertures or "pores" 25 are located near the
foot portion 20 of envelope 15 for the passage of fluid inside of
envelope 15 as a source of ventilation. It will be recognized that
a usual fluid for pressurizing the inventive garment is air. When
pores 25 are provided in envelope 15, port 21 is preferably in the
proximity of pores 25 which in turn are preferably near the toe (or
closed end) of the garment. Having pores 25 near the closed end
allows fluid passing therethrough to effect ventilation along the
entire length of the garment. By having port 21 near pores 25, any
significant pressure gradient due to fluid flow through pores 25 is
avoided.
Pores 25 must have a total combined area less than the inside
diameter of port 21. This is necessary so that fluid can be readily
provided through port 21 at a rate faster than it exhausts through
pores 25.
FIG. 3 depicts a boot-like garment similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 2
except that apertures 25 are replaced by a separate source of
ventilating gas. A soft flexible tube 26 from outside of the
garment, extends through the open end to foot portion 20. Tube 26
lies inside of inner envelope 15 and preferably is bonded to the
envelope along its length so as to avoid interference with the
insertion or withdrawal of a limb. Tube 26 has an open end 27 in
the vicinity of foot portion 20 for releasing ventilating gas.
In order to provide a pressure gradient from the closed end toward
the open end of the garment, apertures 28 in either inner envelope
15 or outer envelope 10 may be provided. Apertures 28 similar to
apertures 25 should have a total combined area less than that of
port 21. With a continuous pressure maintained between envelopes 10
and 15, flow through apertures 28 will cause a pressure drop along
the length of the garment resulting in a pressure gradient. This
gradient can be controlled as desired by the size of envelope 10,
the relationship between effective areas of port 21 and apertures
28 and the location of port 21 and apertures 28.
A garment useful over a fore limb is depicted in FIG. 4. Outer
envelope 30 made similar to envelope 10 of FIG. 1 is generally
rectangular in shape and carries inner envelope 31 much the same as
envelope 15 of FIG. 1 except for shape. The outer envelope is
bonded to the inner envelope at open end 32 and along seams 34 to
wrist position 35. Port 36 is provided for connection to a source
of fluid under pressure and series of apertures 37 near the closed
end of envelope 31 are provided for ventilation. Means for
providing an independent ventilation source or a pressure gradient
such as described with relation to FIG. 3 are contemplated.
While the invention has been described with relation to a specific
embodiment, various other configurations are contemplated. For
example, the boot-like garment of FIGS. 1 through 3 can be made in
various lengths covering less or up to the entire length of the
limb. Similarly a garment such as in FIG. 4 for a fore limb may be
made in various lengths and may have more conformance in shape than
that shown. Thus it is intended to cover the invention within the
full scope of the following claims.
* * * * *