U.S. patent number 3,824,806 [Application Number 05/264,133] was granted by the patent office on 1974-07-23 for apparatus for refrigerating articles.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Integral Process Systems, Inc.. Invention is credited to Richard C. Wagner.
United States Patent |
3,824,806 |
Wagner |
July 23, 1974 |
APPARATUS FOR REFRIGERATING ARTICLES
Abstract
An apparatus for refrigerating, either freezing or chilling,
articles and particularly food items including an insulated chamber
having an entrance and an exit through which the articles are
passed, apparatus for introducing a fluid cryogen in the form of
vaporizable solid particles and gaseous fluid, the cryogen being
for example carbon dioxide, and apparatus in the chamber for
vaporizing any of the cryogen solid particles that might remain on
the articles prior to the articles leaving the chamber. The
disclosure also includes gas collecting and gas disposing device
for disposing of cryogen gas externally of the apparatus in order
to prevent excessive build-up of the gas in the ambient atmosphere
surrounding the apparatus, the maximum amount of gas being thereby
limited to about 5,000 parts of gas per million parts of ambient
atmosphere, by weight.
Inventors: |
Wagner; Richard C. (Clarendon
Hills, IL) |
Assignee: |
Integral Process Systems, Inc.
(Park Forest, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
23004730 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/264,133 |
Filed: |
June 19, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
62/374;
62/380 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F25D
3/11 (20130101); F25D 29/001 (20130101); F25D
3/127 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F25D
3/11 (20060101); F25D 3/10 (20060101); F25D
29/00 (20060101); F25D 3/00 (20060101); F25D
3/12 (20060101); F25d 017/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;62/63,380,379,381,374,375,376 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Perlin; Meyer
Assistant Examiner: Capossela; Ronald C.
Claims
I claim:
1. Apparatus for refrigerating articles, comprising: means defining
a thermally isolated elongated chamber having an entrance and an
exit for passage of said articles into, through and from said
chamber; means for introducing a fluid cryogen including flowable
vaporizable solid particles and gaseous fluid into contact with
said articles at an intermediate section of said chamber between
said entrance and exit during said passage, said means for
introducing comprising guide means laterally spaced from each other
across said chamber and having laterally adjacent exits spanning
substantially the full width of said path of said articles for
distributing said fluid substantially uniformly throughout said
width; gas recirculation means comprising baffle means extending
longitudinally of said chamber adjacent said path of articles, said
baffle means extending from adjacent said guide means on the side
thereof facing said chamber exit to adjacent but short of said
chamber entrance, and blower means for recirculating said gas over
said baffle means toward said chamber entrance and then beneath
said baffle means back toward said chamber exit, said baffle means
being spaced above the bottom of said chamber with the spaces above
and beneath said baffle means serving as parts of a gas
recirculation loop; and gas balance damper means for controlling
the amount of gas in said recirculation loop, said damper means
comprising a manual damper and a temperature responsive damper in
series with each other and in spaced parts of said recirculation
loop.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein there is provided temperature
control means in said recirculation loop for controlling the
temperature within said chamber including a temperature sensing
device in an external portion of said loop located externally of
said chamber.
3. Apparatus for refrigerating articles, comprising: means defining
a thermally isolated chamber having an entrance and an exit for
passage of said articles through said chamber; means for
introducing a fluid cryogen that is heavier than air including
flowable vaporizable solid particles and gaseous fluid into contact
with said articles at an intermediate section of said chamber
between said entrance and exit during said passage, said means for
introducing said fluid cryogen being variable to provide a variable
fluid input rate; control means comprising a temperature sensor at
said chamber exit and damper means operated thereby for controlling
the amount of fluid cryogen directed toward said exit; a container
means at said exit for receiving cryogen gas from said chamber
exit; and means for moving said gas to a place of disposal spaced
from said chamber, thereby limiting flow of said fluid cryogen to
the ambient adjacent to said apparatus to a maximum of about 5,000
parts of cryogen gas per million parts of ambient atmosphere, by
weight.
4. Apparatus for refrigerating articles, comprising: means defining
a thermally isolated chamber having an entrance and an exit for
passage of said articles through said chamber; conveyor means in
said chamber for causing said passage of said articles; means for
introducing a fluid cryogen including flowable vaporizable solid
particles and gaseous fluid into contact with said articles at an
intermediate section of said chamber between said entrance and exit
during said passage; vaporizing means for aiding in vaporizing any
of said solid particles remaining on said articles before said
articles reach said exit, thereby aiding the extraction of
additional heat from said articles; recirculation means for
directing said vapor in a recirculation loop from said intermediate
section toward said chamber entrance in refrigerating relationship
with said articles and back to said intermediate section for mixing
with said fluid cryogen from said means for introducing; and means
for withdrawing a selected amount of said gas from said
recirculation loop and from said chamber.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said recirculation means
comprises a baffle extending from said intermediate section toward
but short of said chamber entrance and said chamber is provided
with a return passage adjacent said means for introducing leading
from the chamber to the means for introducing for mixing
recirculated fluid with freshly introduced fluid.
6. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said means for vaporizing said
solid particles on said articles comprises a sublimation zone of
said chamber adjacent said chamber exit through which said articles
with the solid particles thereon are directed, and there are
provided in said section agitating means for said gas for directing
gas transversely to and against said articles.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said agitating means comprises
a plurality of longitudinally spaced blower means for directing
successively spaced circulating streams of said gaseous fluid
transversely to said passage of articles.
8. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said recirculation means
comprises a baffle extending from said intermediate section toward
but short of said entrance.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said baffle is located beneath
said conveyor means but above the bottom of said chamber to provide
a return passage of said loop between said bottom and said
baffle.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the opposite end of said
baffle is positioned adjacent said means for introducing on the
side thereof that is adjacent said chamber exit.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to apparatus for the refrigerating of
articles or products employing a fluid cryogen which is in the form
of flowable vaporizable particles and gaseous fluid in which some
of the particles are deposited on the articles during their passage
through an insulated chamber.
The most pertinent prior art of which applicant is aware are U.S.
Pat. Nos. 3,214,928; 3,254,506; 3,403,527; 3,580,000; and
3,600,901. The present invention has features and advantages that
are not disclosed in this or any other prior art of which applicant
is aware.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In general the apparatus of this invention refrigerates articles
such as food products by a combination of solid cryogen and gaseous
cryogen with a portion of the gas being recirculated in
countercurrent flow relationship to the articles conveyed through
an insulated chamber and with means being provided for insuring
that substantially all of the solid cryogen is vaporized from the
articles before the articles pass from the chamber. The invention
also includes means for controlling and disposing of the cryogen
gas after the freezing of the articles so that the ambient
atmosphere surrounding the apparatus has no more than 5,000 parts
per million by weight of gas emerging from the apparatus.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a plan view of an apparatus embodying the invention.
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the apparatus.
FIG. 3 is an end elevational view taken from the right end of FIGS.
1 or 2.
FIG. 4 is a horizontal sectional view taken through the elongated
chamber or tunnel of the apparatus.
FIG. 5 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of the apparatus
taken through the length of the apparatus.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the portion of
the apparatus where the fluid cryogen is introduced into the
chamber.
FIG. 7 is a slightly reduced sectional view taken along line 7--7
of FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary reduced view along line 8--8 of FIG. 6.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the embodiment of the apparatus 10 disclosed in the accompanying
drawings there is provided an elongated thermally isolated chamber
or tunnel 11 comprising a series of end-to-end subchambers 12, 13,
14, 15, 16 and 17 each with thermally insulated walls as shown in
FIGS. 4 and 5 and insulated hinged lids 18 of generally the same
type as disclosed in my prior U.S. Pat. No. 3,580,000.
As shown most clearly in FIG. 3 each of these lids 18 can be raised
for servicing and cleaning the interior of the tunnel 11 as by
operating the corresponding pressurized hydraulic fluid piston and
cylinder structures 18a that are mounted on the side of the tunnel
11.
The insulated tunnel 11 has an entrance end 19 and an exit end 20
for the passage of articles through the chamber or tunnel and
during which they are refrigerated by the fluid cryogen. This
refrigerating may be either freezing or chilling at an above
freezing temperature, as desired. Means are provided in the chamber
11 for passing the articles therethrough and as illustrated this
means comprises an endless open metal conveyor 21 of the type
disclosed in my above prior U.S. Pat. No. 3,580,000. The entrance
end of the conveyor 21 extends beyond the chamber entrance 19 as
indicated at 22 for ease in placing the articles 23 on the conveyor
for passage through the chamber.
The apparatus of this invention utilizes a cryogen that exists
principally in the form of gas and flowable finely divided solid
and with the cryogen also capable of existing briefly in the form
of a liquid. The term "cryogen" is used herein in the broadest
sense as defined in Webster's New International Dictionary.
In the apparatus of this invention the means for introducing the
fluid cryogen provides the material in the form of finely divided
solid particles or snow and gas. In fact liquid carbon dioxide
exists in the apparatus only very briefly if at all and does not
come in contact with the articles moving through the apparatus in
any material amounts.
The means for introducing the fluid cryogen specifically disclosed
comprises a liquid carbon dioxide input line 24 and a carbon
dioxide gas recirculation blower 25 operated by an electric motor
26 operating by way of shafts 63 and 64 and an interconnecting
drive in housing 65. The liquid carbon dioxide from the input line
24 is supplied as needed through an air operated valve 27 operated
by a valve positioner 28. The CO.sub.2 supply to the valve 27 is
through an on-off valve 62.
As is illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7 (and diagrammatically in FIG. 4)
the liquid line 24 leads through valves 62 and 27 to a cryogen
supply horn 29 that is positioned at the top of the gas
recirculation blower housing 30. By the time the fluid cryogen
leaves the exit 31 of the horn 29 it is in the form of a mixture of
snow and gas so that the interior of the tunnel 11 is filled with
the carbon dioxide gas and the traveling articles 23 are contacted
by the snow. The snow sublimes to provide gaseous carbon dioxide
atmosphere to the tunnel. No material amounts of liquid carbon
dioxide leave the exit 31.
As shown most clearly in FIG. 4 the carbon dioxide snow and gas
mixture leaves the blower 25 and enters the interior of the chamber
11 transversely to the direction 32 of movement of the conveyor 21
and the articles 23 carried thereby. In order to aid in
distributing the fluid cryogen evenly throughout the full
transverse area of the chamber 11 there are provided guide means in
the form of spaced baffles 33 that extend from the exit 34 from the
blower 25 through substantially 90.degree. and direct the fluid
cryogen upstream or countercurrently to the movement 32 of the
conveyor 21. This countercurrent and evenly distributed flow is
indicated by the arrows 35 in FIG. 4. Thus the freshly introduced
carbon dioxide is brought into initial contact with the conveyed
articles to be refrigerated at an intermediate section 36 of the
chamber between the entrance 19 and exit 20 ends thereof.
Upstream of the intermediate section 36 there is provided a cryogen
gas recirculation zone 37 whose longitudinal extent is defined
generally by a horizontal baffle 38 for the recirculation of the
gaseous carbon dioxide. This baffle is below the conveyor 21 (FIG.
5) and has its downstream end 39 a short distance downstream from
the fluid distribution baffles 33 and its upstream end 40 spaced
from the entrance end 19 of the chamber.
Between the intermediate section 36 of the chamber 11 and the exit
end 20 there are provided means for vaporizing any of the solid
cryogen particles remaining on the traveling articles 23 before
they reach the exit 20 from the freezing chamber. In the
illustrated embodiment this vaporizing means includes a plurality
of motor 41 operated fans 43 spaced along this section which is
identified as a final sublimation zone 42 so that the top mounted
fans 43 circulate the internal atmosphere transversely to the line
of moving articles 23. The heat transfer from the articles
themselves causes sublimation of solid CO.sub.2 on the articles. As
a further aid in this subliming the transverse flow of atmosphere
from the fans 43 is very effective. As a result, all solid CO.sub.2
particles on the articles are sublimed by the time the articles
reach the exit 20.
The space 44 beneath the baffle 38 comprises a suction plenum
chamber for the recirculation of the cold gas forwardly, or to the
left, beneath the baffle 38, into the gas sump 50, through a
transverse conduit 66, and back up into the blower 25 (FIGS. 4 and
5) for recirculation 35. Entrance to the sump is controlled by an
adjustable manually controlled damper 68 and thereby controls the
volume flow of recirculated gas.
There is provided a movable control damper 46 (FIG. 5) adjacent the
top of the tunnel 11 and exits from the flow directing guides 33
with this damper being operated by a control motor 47. The two
extreme positions of the damper 46 are shown in FIG. 5 in solid and
dotted lines with maximum recirculation flow being achieved when
the damper 46 is in its most elevated position while minimum
recirculation flow results when it is in its downward position. The
selected position of the balance control damper 46 is achieved
automatically through the gas balance control 48 which is operated
by a temperature sensor 49 at the exit end 20 of the chamber with
the result that the control and the motor operated damper 46 limits
the amount of carbon dioxide gas that passes out the exit end 20 of
the system.
The gas balance control 47-49 functions in the same manner as the
control in my prior U.S. Pat. No. 3,600,901, that is, under
balanced conditions there is a slight excess of gas at the exit end
20 of the chamber 11 and it is this excess which spills over into
the gas collector 53 (FIG. 5) to be pumped to a place of
disposal.
The gas collecting sump 50 in the bottom of the chamber 11 contains
a gas temperature sensor 51 which may be a thermocouple. This
sensor 51 operating through a standard temperature control 52
regulates the amount of carbon dioxide passed into the system
through valve 27 whose position is determined by the diaphragm type
valve positioner 28.
The exit 20 of the chamber is provided with a gas collecting means
in the form of a sump 53 into which the slight purge of heavier
than air gaseous carbon dioxide collects and is pumped by means of
a pumping means 54 and an outlet line 55 to a place of disposal.
The entrance end 19 of the chamber to which most of the fluid gas
is directed in countercurrent flow is provided with motor 67
operated exhaust blower 56 which exhausts the gaseous carbon
dioxide through a line 57 to a place of disposal.
Because of the gas tight arrangement of the apparatus and the
careful collecting and disposing of the cryogenic gas the
atmosphere surrounding the apparatus never exceeds 5,000 parts of
cryogenic gas per million parts of ambient atmosphere by weight.
This is a very important safety feature as excessive carbon dioxide
can be dangerous to workmen in reducing their oxygen supply. Carbon
dioxide being heavier than air when spilled into a room builds up
from the floor and can reach dangerous proportions without the
workmen being aware of it in the absence of concentration
indicating devices.
In the refrigerating system disclosed herein only a very small
proportion of the cryogen fluid reaches the exit 20. In one example
this amount is between 1 percent and 5 percent by weight and it is
collected in the sump 53 and pumped to a place of disposal in the
manner previously described. The remaining 95 percent to 99 percent
is exhausted as gas from the system through the pump 56 and line
57. By the time the exhaust reaches the pump 56 the temperature in
the case of carbon dioxide is at approximately 0.degree.F. As can
be noted from FIGS. 4 and 5 the upstream end 40 of the
recirculation baffle 38 is spaced downstream an appreciable
distance from the entrance 19. The chamber section 58 between this
end 40 and the exhaust pump 56 functions as a precooling zone 69
for incoming articles or product 23. A temperature barrier 70 is
provided adjacent the exit 20.
As is apparent from the above the cryogen which is a mixture of
snow and gas when introduced into the apparatus refrigerates both
by the contact of the solid snow on the product when it rides along
with it until sublimation and also by the low temperature of the
cryogen gas. In the present invention full advantage is taken of
these two actions because any of the snow falling between the
articles, and this is particularly true of circular articles such
as meat patties, is not wasted as it sublimes to a cold gas which
contacts the articles.
This portion of the snow which falls through the conveyor and
between the articles such as the meat patties accumulates beneath
the conveyor and when the accumulation reaches the height of the
conveyor is spread out in a uniform deposit by the moving conveyor
which aids in the sublimation of the solid particles.
Having described my invention as related to the embodiment shown in
the accompanying drawings, it is my intention that the invention be
not limited by any of the details of description, unless otherwise
specified, but rather be construed broadly within its spirit and
scope as set out in the appended claims.
* * * * *