U.S. patent number 3,824,020 [Application Number 05/200,486] was granted by the patent office on 1974-07-16 for retroreflective fine position sensing means.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Eaton Corporation. Invention is credited to Logan L. Pease.
United States Patent |
3,824,020 |
Pease |
July 16, 1974 |
RETROREFLECTIVE FINE POSITION SENSING MEANS
Abstract
A position sensing method and apparatus for fine control of
vehicles about a remote point comprising a strip of retroreflective
material mounted adjacent the desired position and a plurality of
sources of collimated light beams mounted on the vehicle together
with means for sensing reflection of the light beams along the path
of incidence.
Inventors: |
Pease; Logan L. (Bountiful,
UT) |
Assignee: |
Eaton Corporation (Cleveland,
OH)
|
Family
ID: |
22741929 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/200,486 |
Filed: |
November 19, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
356/152.2;
250/223R; 414/274; 250/202; 356/400 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01B
11/26 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G01B
11/26 (20060101); G01b 011/26 () |
Field of
Search: |
;250/202,223R
;356/152,172 ;214/16.4A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wilbur; Maynard R.
Assistant Examiner: Buczinski; S. C.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Foster; Lynn G.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A device for controlling fine movement of a load platform of a
vehicle about a predetermined shelf location to allow transfer of
material between said load platform and said shelf location, said
device comprising:
an elongated strip of retroreflective material mounted adjacent
said shelf position to extend a predetermined distance on both
sides of said shelf about which said load platform of said vehicle
is to be alignably moved,
a plurality of sensor heads stackably mounted on said platform of
said vehicle to move with said platform and being operative to
direct a collimated beam of light from each of said plurality of
sensor heads, each of said sensor heads emitting an electrical
signal in response to reflection of its light from said strip along
the path of incidence of said light as said platform moves along
said shelf location, all of said sensor heads emitting said
electrical signal to indicate a first position having an aligned
relation of said vehicle with respect to said shelf location about
which said platform of said vehicle is moved, and all but the end
mounted sensor heads at one end of said stackably mounted sensor
heads emitting said electrical signal to indicate a second position
wherein said platform of said aligned vehicle is moved into said
shelf location to transfer material between said shelf and said
platform.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein at least one of said sensor heads
comprises:
a housing having an opening formed in one side thereof,
a collimating lens mounted in said opening to direct said light
normally to the plane of said strip,
a light source mounted at the focal point of said lens,
a partially-reflective mirror interposed between said light source
and said lens and inclined at an angle with respect to the optical
axis of said lens and serving to transit light from said source to
said lens and to reflect light passing from said lens to said
mirror, and
a photocell positioned to detect light reflected from said mirror
and emitting an electrical signal in response to such light.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein said plurality of sensor heads
comprises three stacked sensor heads with all three sensor heads
emitting said electrical signal to indicate a complete alignment of
said vehicle with said shelf location about which said platform of
said vehicle is to be moved, and with all but one of said end
mounted sensor heads emitting said electrical signal to indicate a
material transfer position of said platform with respect to said
shelf.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein the length of said strip is just
sufficient to permit simultaneous reflections to all of said
plurality of sensor heads as an indication of alignment of said
vehicle with said position.
5. The method of determining the position of a movable vehicle,
having a movable platform, about a desired location to allow
transfer of material between said platform and said desired
location, said method comprising the steps of:
mounting a strip of retroreflective material adjacent said desired
location,
mounting a plurality of sources of collimated light beams on said
movable platform of said vehicle to emit light toward said strip of
retroreflective material when said vehicle is moved substantially
opposite said retroreflective material,
sensing when the number of said light beams reflected from said
strip of retroreflective material is equal to the total number of
said plurality of light sources to indicate the position of said
vehicle as being in an aligned position with said desired
location,
moving said platform of said vehicle in a first direction away from
said vehicle aligned position until all but one end source of said
plurality of light sources is reflected from said strip of
retroreflective material, and
extending said platform into said desired location to allow
material to be transferred between said platform and said desired
location.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein:
the number of said sources of light beams is three, and
simultaneous reflection of only two of said light beams provides an
indication of the position of said platform of said vehicle as
being extendible into said desired location for transfer of
material.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein:
the number of said sources of light beams is three, and
simultaneous reflection of all three of said light beams provides
an indication of the position of said vehicle as being at said
desired location.
8. The method of claim 5 further including the steps of:
moving said platform of said vehicle in a second direction opposite
to said first direction until all but a second end light source
opposite said one end light source is reflected from said strip of
retroreflective material, and
retracting said platform from said desired location to allow said
vehicle to be moved to another location.
9. The device of claim 1 including means for extending said
platform of said vehicle into said predetermined shelf location
after sensing said electrical signals indicative of said first
position and said second position.
Description
BACKGROUND
1. Field of Invention
This invention relates to position sensing means and particularly
to means for controlling fine positioning of a controlled vehicle
about a particular position.
2. Prior Art
It is frequently necessary or desirable to control vehicles, such
as stacker cranes and the like, from remote location. Moreover,
such remote control may be accomplished automatically, as by a
computer. In performing such automatic remote control, it is not
difficult to accomplish gross positioning; for example, to move the
vehicle from a loading dock to a storage area. However, many
problems are encountered in fine positioning; that is, controlling
small movements about a particular position, such as would be
required to precisely align a vehicle with a loading or dumping
chute or in causing lifting forks to deposit an article on a shelf
or remove an article therefrom. Numerous techniques have been
proposed heretofore for accomplishing fine positioning. However,
none of the prior art techniques have been entirely satisfactory.
Many of the prior art fine position control systems have been
relatively inaccurate, while others have been extremely bulky,
complex and expensive. Still other fine position control systems
have required considerable maintenance.
BRIEF SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
These disadvantages of the prior art are overcome with the present
invention and a fine position sensing system is provided which is
extremely accurate and reliable, yet is simple, uncomplicated and
inexpensive and requires virtually no maintenance.
The advantages of the present invention are preferably attained by
providing a plurality of photoelectric sensing heads mounted
adjacent each other on a vehicle to be controlled and emitting
collimated beams of light toward an elongated strip of
retroreflective material which is mounted adjacent the position
about which the vehicle is to be controlled.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide
improved means and methods for accomplishing fine position control
of vehicles.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a fine
position control means for vehicles which is accurate and
reliable.
An additional object of the present invention is to provide a fine
position control means for vehicles which is simple, uncomplicated
and inexpensive.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved
sensing means for fine position control of vehicles.
A specific object of the present invention is to provide a fine
position control system comprising plurality of photoelectric
sensing heads mounted adjacent each other on a vehicle to be
controlled and emitting collimated beams of light toward an
elongated strip of retroreflective material mounted adjacent the
position about which the vehicle is to be controlled.
These and other objects and features of the present invention will
be apparent from the following detailed description taken with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a fine position control
system embodying the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a vertical section through one of the sensor heads of the
device of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENT
In that form of the present invention chosen for purposes of
illustration in the drawing, FIG. 1 shows a stacker crane,
indicated generally at 2, having a vertically movable platform 4
for loading articles onto or off of shelves 6 which are supported
by pillars 8 in a warehouse or the like. An elongated strip 10 of
retroreflective material is secured to one of the pillars 8
adjacent the shelves 6 and extends a predetermined distance above
and below the shelves 6. Suitable retroreflective material is
available as "Scotchlite" reflective sheeting, made by the
Reflective Products Division, 3M Company, St. Paul, Minn. In
addition, a plurality of photosensor units 12, 14 and 16 are
carried by the platform 4 and are arranged in linear relation and
positioned to sense light reflected from the retroreflective strip
10. The length of the strip 10 is preferably just long enough to
permit simultaneous reflection to all of the sensors 12, 14 and
16.
The photosensor units 12, 14 and 16 are identical and, as seen in
FIG. 2, each of them comprises a housing 18 having a collimating
lens 20 mounted in an opening 22 formed in one side of the housing
18. Within the housing 18, a light source 24 is mounted at the
focal point of the lens 20 and a half-silvered mirror 26 is mounted
in an inclined position with respect to the optical axis of lens 20
between the light source 24 and lens 20. A photoelectric cell 28 is
mounted to sense light reflected from the mirror 26 and is shielded
against direct light from light source 24, as by opaque wall
30.
In use, light from source 24 passes through half-silvered mirror
26, is collimated by lens 20, travels to strip 10 and is reflected
back along its own path to mirror 26 and, thence, to photocell 28.
It is characteristic of retroreflective materials that a beam of
light incident thereon is reflected only directly back along the
path of incidence. Since the light from the photosensor units 12,
14 and 16 is collimated by lens 18, the photocell 28 will emit a
signal only when the light paths from the source 24 to the strip 10
and from the strip 10 to the mirror 26 are precisely coincident.
This permits extremely accurate positioning of the platform 4. The
use of three photosensor units 12, 14 and 16 facilitates control of
the platform 4 for fine movement about the shelves 6. Thus, signals
from photosensor units 12 and 14, in the absence of a signal from
photosensor unit 16, indicates a "low" fine position. Signals from
photosensor units 14 and 16, in the absence of a signal from
photosensor unit 12, indicates a "high" fine position. Simultaneous
signals from all three photosensor units 12, 14 and 16 indicates a
precise "center" position. The absence of a signal from photosensor
unit 14 indicates a position of gross non-alignment of the vehicle
with the shelves 6 since the photosensor 14 fails to provide a
signal when it is not aligned with the strip 10. To deposit an
article on the shelves 6, the platform 4 is raised to the high fine
position and the platform 4 is advanced to extend above the shelves
6. Next, the platform is lowered to the low fine position, causing
the article to be deposited on the shelves 6. Thereafter, the
platform 4 may be retracted and the stacker crane moved to perform
a subsequent operation. To retrieve an article from the shelves 6,
the platform 4 is raised to the low fine position and is extended
below the shelves 6. Next, the platform 4 is raised to the high
fine position, lifting the article from the shelves 6.
Subsequently, the platform 4 may be retracted and the stacker crane
moved to deliver the article to a desired location. When it is
desired to precisely position the platform 4, as to permit filling
of a container carried by the platform 4 from a chute substantially
the same size as the container, the platform 4 is moved to the
center position.
Obviously, numerous variations and modifications may be made
without departing from the present invention. Accordingly, it
should be clearly understood that the form of the present invention
described above and shown in the accompanying drawing is
illustrative only and is not intended to limit the scope of the
present invention.
* * * * *