U.S. patent number 3,823,843 [Application Number 05/301,045] was granted by the patent office on 1974-07-16 for locking capsule.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Eli/Lilly and Company. Invention is credited to Matheson George Bernard Stephens, Robert Albert Wuest.
United States Patent |
3,823,843 |
Stephens , et al. |
July 16, 1974 |
LOCKING CAPSULE
Abstract
A locking capsule is provided for packaging unit doses of
physiologically active agents, said capsule having a body portion
and a cap portion which are adapted to be telescopically joined
together in a frictionally engaged pre-locking position prior to
the filling thereof and to be fully telescopically joined together
in a mechanically locked position when filled.
Inventors: |
Stephens; Matheson George
Bernard (Plobsheim, FR), Wuest; Robert Albert
(Strasbourg, FR) |
Assignee: |
Eli/Lilly and Company
(Indianapolis, IN)
|
Family
ID: |
23161696 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/301,045 |
Filed: |
October 26, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/454;
220/DIG.34; D24/104; 220/780 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61J
3/071 (20130101); Y10S 220/34 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61J
3/07 (20060101); B65d 041/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;220/6R,42A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Summer; Leonard
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Ernsberger; Ralph W. Smith; Everet
F.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A locking two-piece hard capsule comprising a cap portion and a
body portion, said body portion telescoping into said cap portion
effecting a frictional pre-lock when said body is partially
telescoped into said cap and a mechanical lock when said body is
completely telescoped into said cap, said capsule comprising:
1. an essentially cylindrical cap portion having a closed end and
an open end with the cylinder wall tapering generally outwardly
from said closed end to said open end, said cylinder having an
inside diameter at the intersection of said cylinder wall and said
closed end about the same as the maximum outside diameter of the
cylinder wall of the body portion which telescopes into said cap,
said cap having a plurality of individual lateral ridges disposed
in the same circumferential plane and extending radially inwardly
from the inner surface of said cylinder wall of said cap, each
lateral ridge separated from the next lateral ridge around said
circumference of said cap by an area that is a lateral and
longitudinal continuation of said inner surface of said wall, and a
plurality of raised areas extending radially inwardly from the
inner surface of the cylindrical wall of said cap, each of said
raised areas disposed between the ends of a lateral ridge and
extending from said lateral ridge toward said open end of said cap;
and
2. an essentially cylindrical body portion having a closed end and
an open end, said cylinder having an outside diameter at the open
end about the same as the inside diameter of said cap, into which
said body telescopes, at the intersection of the cylinder wall of
said cap with the closed end thereof, and comprising:
a. a first section extending from said open end toward said closed
end with the cylinder wall tapering generally inwardly in relation
to the axial centerline of said body,
b. a second section, integrally molded with said first section,
extending from said first section toward said closed end in which
the surface of the cylinder wall is progressively constricted
inwardly in the shape of a geometric form characterized as an ogee
curve,
c. a third section, integrally molded with said second section,
extending from a point tangent to the trailing radius of said ogee
curve toward said closed end, the cylinder wall of said third
section being essentially parallel to the axial center line of said
body,
d. a fourth section, integrally molded with said third section,
extending toward said closed end from the point where a projection
of the inwardly tapering cylinder wall of said first section
intersects the surface of said essentially parallel cylinder wall,
said fourth section tapering inwardly at essentially the same rate
as said first section, and
e. a fifth section, integrally molded with said fourth section,
said fifth section constituting the closed end of said body.
2. A locking capsule as defined in claim 1 wherein the plurality of
lateral ridges occupy a total of from about 180.degree. to
300.degree. of the circumference of said cap, and the lateral
continuations of the inner surface of the cylinder wall between
said lateral ridges occupy a total of from about 60.degree. to
about 180.degree. of the circumference of said cap.
3. A locking capsule as defined in claim 1 wherein there are three
lateral ridges in the same circumferential plane of said cap, each
ridge approximately equidistant from the next and extending through
an arc of from about 60.degree. to about 100.degree..
4. A locking capsule as defined in claim 3 wherein each lateral
ridge extends through an arc of about 100.degree..
5. A locking capsule as defined in claim 1 wherein the plurality of
said raised areas disposed between the ends of said lateral ridges
occupy a total lateral surface of from about 90.degree. to about
180.degree. of the circumference of said cap, and the longitudinal
dimension of each of said raised areas is from about one-tenth to
about one-fourth of the total length of said cap.
6. A locking capsule as defined in claim 1 wherein there are three
raised areas each of which is disposed between the ends of each of
three lateral ridges, each raised area having a lateral dimension
of from about 30.degree. to about 90.degree. and a longitudinal
dimension of about one-tenth to about one-fourth of the total
length of said cap.
7. A locking capsule as defined in claim 6 wherein each raised area
has a lateral dimension of about 30.degree. and a longitudinal
dimension of about one-sixth the total length of said cap.
8. A locking capsule of claim 1 wherein said raised areas extend
radially inwardly from about 0.0015 to about 0.0035 inches from the
inner surface of the wall of said cap.
9. A locking capsule of claim 1 wherein said lateral ridges extend
radially inwardly at the apex from about 0.002 to about 0.005
inches from the inner surface of the wall of said cap.
10. A locking capsule of claim 1 wherein said cap has three lateral
ridges in the same circumferential plane extending radially
inwardly at the apex about 0.003 inches and occupying about
300.degree. of the circumference of said cap, said lateral ridges
disposed about one-tenth of the distance from the intersection of
the cylindrical wall of said cap with said closed end and said open
end and three raised areas, each extending radially inwardly about
0.002 inches, each disposed between the ends of one of said lateral
ridges and extending laterally through about 30.degree. and
longitudinally about one-sixth the total length of said cap.
11. A locking capsule according to claim 1 wherein said first
section of said body is from about one-thirtieth to about
one-twelfth of the total length of said body, and the cylinder wall
of said first section tapers inwardly from said open end toward
said closed end at a rate of from about 0.005 to about 0.020 inch
per linear inch.
12. A locking capsule according to claim 1 wherein said second
section of said body is a constriction progressing from the point
of departure from the tapered cylinder wall of said first section
toward said closed end and occupying from about one-thirtieth to
about one-twelfth of the total length of said body, said
constriction being characterized by an ogee curve having inverted
radii of about 0.050 and 0.120 inches, respectively.
13. A locking capsule according to claim 1 wherein the inside
diameter of said body is reduced by from about 0.004 to about 0.008
inches from the intersection of said ogee curve and the trailing
edge of said first section to the intersection of the trailing edge
of said ogee curve and said third section.
14. A locking capsule according to claim 1 wherein said third
section of said body occupies from about one-fifth to about
three-fifths of the total length of said body, and the cylinder
wall of said third section is essentially parallel with the axial
center-line of said body from the intersection of said third
section with the trailing edge of said ogee curve of said second
section to the intersection of said third section with the leading
edge of said fourth section.
15. A locking capsule according to claim 1 wherein said fourth
section of said body comprises from about one-eighth to about
two-fifths the total length of said body, and the cylinder wall
tapers inwardly from the intersection of said fourth section with
said third section at a rate of from about 0.005 to about 0.020
inch per linear inch.
16. A locking capsule according to claim 1 wherein said fifth
section of said body comprises said closed end of said body and
occupies from about one-eighth to about two-fifths of the total
length of said body.
17. A locking capsule according to claim 1 wherein said body
comprises:
a. a first section beginning at said open end of said body and
extending toward said closed end of said body with the cylinder
wall tapering inwardly toward the axial center-line of said body at
a rate of about 0.012 inch per linear inch, said first section
having an outside diameter at said open end about the same as the
inside diameter of said cap at the point of intersection of the
cylinder wall and the closed end of said cap and occupying about
one-thirtieth of the total length of said body;
b. a second section integrally molded with said first section
constricting the outside diameter of said body by about 0.004 inch
from the trailing edge of said first section to the leading edge of
said third section, said second section having the geometric form
of a longitudinally extending ogee curve and occupying about
one-twentieth of the total length of said body;
c. a third section integrally molded with said second section, said
third section occupying about two-fifths of the total length of
said body and having a cylinder wall essentially parallel to the
axial center-line of said body;
d. a fourth section integrally molded with said third section, said
fourth section occupying about one-fourth of the total length of
said body and having a cylinder wall tapering at the rate of about
0.012 inch per linear inch from the intersection of said fourth
section with said third section to the intersection of said fourth
section with said fifth section; and
e. a fifth section integrally molded with said fourth section, said
fifth section occupying about one-fourth of the total length of
said body and constituting the closed end of said body, said closed
end being rounded.
18. A locking capsule according to claim 17 wherein said closed end
of said body is in the geometric form of a parabola.
19. A locking two-piece hard capsule comprising a cap portion and a
body portion, said body portion telescoping into said cap portion
effecting a frictional pre-lock when said body is partially
telescoped into said cap and a mechanical lock when said body is
completely telescoped into said cap, said capsule comprising:
1. an essentially cylindrical cap portion having a closed end and
an open end with the cylinder wall tapering generally outwardly at
the rate of about 0.012 inch per linear inch from said closed end
to said open end, said cylinder having an inside diameter of about
the same at the intersection of said cylinder wall and said closed
end as the maximum outside diameter of the cylinder wall of the
body portion which telescopes into said cap, further said cap
having three lateral ridges disposed about one-tenth of the
distance from the intersection of the cylinder wall with the closed
end of said cap and said open end of said cap, said lateral ridges
being in the same circumferential plane and extending radially
inwardly at the apex about 0.003 inches and occupying about
300.degree. of the circumference of said cap, said cap also having
three raised areas each extending radially inwardly about 0.002
inches and each disposed between the ends of one of said three
lateral ridges, each of said raised areas extending longitudinally
from said lateral ridges toward said open end about one-sixth of
the total length of said cap and extending laterally through about
30.degree. of the circumference of said cap; and
2. an essentially cylindrical body having a closed end and an open
end, said cylinder having an outside diameter at the open end
thereof about the same as the inside diameter of the cap, into
which said body telescopes, at the intersection of the cylinder
wall of said cap with the closed end thereof, and comprising:
a. a first section beginning at said open end of said body and
extending toward said closed end of said body with the cylinder
wall tapering inwardly toward the axial center of said body at a
rate of about 0.012 inch per linear inch, said first section
occupying about one-thirtieth of the total length of said body;
b. a second section, integrally molded with said first section,
constricting the outside diameter of said body by about 0.004 inch
from the trailing edge of said first section to the leading edge of
said third section, said second section having the geometric form
of an ogee curve and occupying about one-twentieth of the total
length of said body;
c. a third section, integrally molded with said second section,
said third section occupying about two-fifths of the total length
of said body and having a cylindrical wall essentially parallel to
the axial center-line of said body;
d. a fourth section, integrally molded with said third section,
said fourth section occupying about one-fourth of the total length
of said body and having a cylindrical wall tapering inwardly toward
the axial center-line of said body at the rate of about 0.012 inch
per linear inch from the intersection of said fourth section with
said third section to the intersection of said fourth section with
said fifth section; and
e. a fifth section integrally molded with said fourth section, said
fifth section occupying about one-fourth of the total length of
said body and constituting the closed end of said body, said closed
end being rounded.
20. A locking capsule according to claim 19 wherein said closed end
of said body has the geometric form of a parabola.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of Invention
This invention relates to two-piece hard shell capsules one piece
thereof comprising the body portion and the other piece the cap
portion, said two pieces being telescopically joined together. More
particularly this invention relates to a two-piece hard shell
locking capsule in which the body portion can be partially
telescoped into the cap portion at which point a friction pre-lock
is established, or alternatively fully telescoped into a completely
closed position wherein a mechanical lock is effected.
2. Description of Prior Art
Two-piece hard shell cpasules have been utilized since before the
turn of the century for holding unit doses of physiologically
active agents. Two U.S. Pat. Nos. 525,844 and 525,845 were issued
to one R. P. Hobbs on Sept. 11, 1894 claiming a two-piece hard
shell capsule having "a cap contracted between its ends, and a body
which is straight for some distance from its mouth." Hobbs
described his capsule as having a lock fit between the cap and the
body of the capsule.
The reasons are not clear, but Hobbs' invention appears never to
have been commercially developed, albeit literally hundreds of
billions of two-piece hard shell capsules have been manufactured
and sold since 1894.
Until sometime in the mid 1960's, the conventional commercial
capsule comprised a body portion and a cap portion each of which
had essentially straight sides with a diverging taper extending
from the point of intersection of the radius of the closed end with
the cylinder wall to the open end of the body and cap respectively.
The inside diameter of the cap at its open end was greater than the
outside diameter of the body at its open end. The inside diameter
of the cap diminished progressively from the open end to the closed
end, and eventually reached a dimension that was less than the
outside diameter of the body at the latter's open end. The capsules
were designed so that the point where the inside diameter of the
cap and the outside diameter of the body, at the latter's open end,
coincided would be at some distance from the beginning of the
radius of the closed end of the cap. Friction was depending upon to
maintain a tight fit between the body and cap when the capsule was
closed by fully telescoping the body into the cap.
However, vagaries in the diameters of pins on which the body and
cap portions of the capsule were molded, and in the thickness of
the body portion wall at the body's open end resulted in many
capsules which had little or no frictional engagement on being
fully closed. The lack of a dependable friction engagement in many
capsules led to a variety of problems in the handling and shipping
of both unfilled and filled capsules. An unfilled capsule which
separates before it is fed into the high speed filling equipment in
use today causes interruptions in the filling operation with an
accompanying reduced productivity. A filled capsule which separates
after it has been packaged results in powder or pellets being
released into the package with a consequent soiling of good
merchandise.
Hostetler, et al., approached this problem, U.S. Pat. No.
3,173,840, Mar. 16, 1965, by horizontally constricting the inside
diameter of the cap portion both above and below the point of
convergence of the radius of the closed end with the cylinder wall.
This was accomplished by a plurality of circumferentially separated
lands standing inwardly from the inner surface of the cap cylinder
wall. This design provided an area of greater frictional engagement
than had theretofore been possible because it allowed the air which
is compressed when the body is telescoped into the cap to escape
between the separated inwardly standing lands as the capsule is
closed completely. The Hostetler, et al., improvement continued to
depend wholly on a frictional engagement for the locking of the
capsule.
In another patent issued in 1966, U.S. Pat. No. 3,258,115, a
substantial modification of the conventional two-piece hard shell
capsule was claimed. Basically the cap was telescoped into a
redesigned body instead of the usual body into cap closure.
Moreover, a redesign of the mid-section of the body and an
elongation thereof was disclosed as having provided a superior
locking fit. However, the locking still depended on a frictional
engagement.
Still another U.S. Pat. issued in 1966, No. 3,285,408, approached
the problem of providing a more dependable locking fit utilizing a
frictional engagement. In this patent the horizontal constriction
of Hostetler was moved completely out of the radius of the closed
end and confined entirely to the cylindrical wall of the cap.
Moreover the constriction was positioned completely around the
circumference of the cap with no separations therein.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,399,803 claimed a locking capsule which shifted the
emphasis from a frictional engagement to the mating of an inwardly
extending annular ring appropriately positioned in each of the cap
and body portions. This in effect accomplished a mechanical locking
of the cap and body when the body was fully telescoped into the cap
in a fully closed position.
The mechanical locking capsule of U.S. Pat. No. 3,399,803 was
elaborated upon in U.S. Pat. No. 3,508,678 in which two inwardly
extending indents were provided in the cap between the open end and
the inwardly extending annular ring claimed in said U.S. Pat. No.
3,399,803. A pre-locking feature was claimed which aided in
preventing the separation of partially closed unfilled
capsules.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,584,759 marked a return to a frictional engagement
for achieving a locking fit between the cap and body portions of
the capsule when the body was fully telescoped into the cap in a
completely closed position.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,664,495, issued May 23, 1972, continued the feature
of obtaining a locking fit between the body and cap portions of a
capsule by a frictional engagement. To accomplish this feature, a
pair of diametrically opposed indents were extended radially
inwardly from the sides of the wall of the cap. These indents were
of sufficient depth to effect a significant reduction in the inside
diameter of the cap at the lateral plane in which said indents were
positioned, and of a sufficient area to provide a substantial
frictional area. Telescoping a conventional tapered body into such
a cap results in an immediate contact between the outside diameter
of the body and the inside surface of the indents establishing a
frictional engagement. A frictional pre-locking feature is thus
provided, and when the body is fully telescoped into the cap in a
completely closed position the frictional engagement is maintained
and stabilized.
In all of the frictional locking capsules described above there is
a permanent deformation of either or both the body and cap. In some
instances the open end of the body is wedged into the closed end of
the cap. In other cases the side walls are distorted into an out of
round configuration at the position of the frictional engagement.
In all events strains are produced in the capsule walls and the
resultant stresses have been known to cause failure of the capsule
walls with a concurrent spillage of powder or pellets.
In the capsules which are both pre-locked and locked by mechanical
means, there is a point where the open end of the body becomes
temporarily circumferentially frictionally engaged with the cap as
the body is being telescoped from a partially closed to a fully
closed position. And this circumferential frictional engagement
continues until the capsule is fully telescoped. When the locking
feature depends on a completely circumferential annular indent in
the cap, there is no opportunity for the air that is being
compressed into the closed end of the cap during the telescoping
operation to escape. Consequently, such capsules resist closure and
when modern high speed filling machines handling up to 1,000
capsules per minute are utilized, many damaged capsules result from
the difficulty encountered in telescoping the body, which is filled
with powder or pellets, into a completely closed and locked
position in the cap.
The manufacture of two-piece hard capsules is conventionally
carried out by independently molding the cap and body portions on
corrosion resistant pins. When such two-piece hard capsules are
made of gelatin the pins are dipped into a highly viscous gelatin
disprsion and slowly withdrawn. By adjusting the viscosity,
temperature, rate of withdrawal, etc., the amount of gelatin
adhering to the pin can be controlled. The gelatin forms a film
which takes on the contour of the pin as the surface tension of the
gelatin keeps the file thickness essentially uniform. Hence, the
outside surface of the gelatin film has the same general contour as
the pin employed as a mold.
The mold pins are lubricated with a special soap-type grease before
being dipped into the gelatin. Consequently the molded cap or body
portion can be easily removed from the mold pin after the gelatin
film has been dried to an appropriate moisture content, generally
14 to 16 percent water.
The cap and body portions of the capsule are mechanically stripped
from the mold pins and trimmed to an established length with a
rotary knife or by rotating the molded piece against a stationary
knife. The trimmed body portion is then mechanically telescoped
into the trimmed cap portion to form the two-piece hard
capsule.
The empty two-piece hard capsules are collected in a random pack
and introduced into the feeding hopper on a capsule filling machine
in that form. The feeding hopper rectifies the empty capsules into
a position where the body portion is always oriented in the same
direction. The rectified capsules are fed into a capsule holding
device and the body is separated from the cap, usually by applying
vacuum to the body portion while the cap portion is held
stationary. The body portion is then filled with powder, granules,
pellets, or the like, and rejoined with the cap portion by
mechanically telescoping the body into the cap as the latter is
held in a stationary position.
Gelatin, the preferred material of which capsules are made, is a
hydrophilic colloid which has the capacity to take up and lose
water as the humidity varies in the environment to which the
gelatin is exposed. As the water content of the gelatin varies
there are changes in the dimensions of the capsules formed from the
colloid. Consequently it is extremely difficult to design the
dimensions of a capsule cap and the capsule body which is
telescoped thereinto with sufficient precision as to always
maintain a close and sufficient fit to assure that the capsules
will not come apart under the conditions of humidity and handling
to which they are subjected.
It is important that the fit between the outside surface of the
cylinder wall of the body portion and the inside surface of the
cylinder wall of the cap of the empty capsule should be snug to
hold the capsule together, but not locked to the extent that the
separation of the body from the cap is difficult in the filling
operation. It is also important that the two-pieces of the capsule
should be held together after being rejoined as filled capsules,
with as strong a lock as is possible. Yet the lock effected in a
completely telescoped filled capsule should not be one that is
accomplished with great difficulty. The rejoining operation taking
place on modern high speed filling equipment is accomplished in a
fraction of a second. And this doesn't provide much time for the
air, which is trapped in the closed end of the cap portion when the
body portion is telescoped thereinto, to escape and the internal
pressure to equalize with the atmospheric pressure on the
outside.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide a
two-piece hard capsule which can be pre-locked as an empty capsule
to resist separation during handling.
It is yet another object to provide a pre-locked capsule which can
be separated easily by the vacuum operation conventionally
performed on modern high speed capsule filling machines.
A further object of this invention is to provide a locking capsule
which will require only a momentary deformation of the capsue
structure in effecting a locked capsule after the capsule has been
filled and telescopically rejoined into a fully closed
condition.
Another object of this invention is to provide a mechanical lock
between the capsule cap and body portions when the two are
completely telescoped together that can be effected on high speed
filling equipment.
SUMMARY
It has now been discovered that a two-piece hard capsule can be
produced which provides the benefits of the frictional contact
between the outside surface of the body portion and the inside
surface of the cap portion to effect a pre-lock of the empty
capsule, and which has the beneficial advantages of a mechanical
lock when the capsule is completely telescoped together, without
the attendant disadvantage of a slow pressure equilization period
during the telescoping operation. This is accomplished by providing
raised areas around the circumference on the inside surface of the
cap cylinder wall which frictionally engage the outside surface of
the body cylinder wall as the body is partially telescoped into the
cap to a pre-locked position. A mechanical lock is effected in the
fully telescoped capsule by providing a plurality of lateral ridges
extending radially inwardly in the same circumferential plane in
the cylinder wall of the cap separated by lateral areas which do
not extend radially inwardly, and a circumferential constriction in
the body between the open and closed end thereof which slips over
the lateral ridges in the cap when the two pieces are telescoped
together. The lateral areas, between the lateral ridges, which do
not extend radially inward provide a conduit through which the air
can escape as the body is telescoped into the cap permitting high
speed rejoining without an attendant pressure build-up in the
closed end of the cap portion of the capsule.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side view of a capsule cap pin.
FIG. 2 is a side view of a capsule body pin.
FIG. 3 is a partial section of the side of a capsule cap pin
showing the contour of the location where indents are present on
the pin.
FIG. 4 is a partial section of the side of a capsule body pin
showing the contour of the location on the pin where a constriction
approximating an ogee curve is present on the pin.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of closed end and part of the
cylinder of a capsule cap.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the open end and part of the
cylinder of a capsule body.
FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the open end of a capsule cap.
FIG. 8 is a top view of the open end of a capsule body.
FIG. 9 is a side view of a completely telescoped locking two-piece
hard capsule in the locked position.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a completely telescoped
locking capsule in the locked position.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a locking capsule partially
telescoped into the pre-lock position.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The novel locking two-piece hard capsule of the instant invention,
and the molding pins on which each of the cap and body portions of
said capsule are formed are illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
FIGS. 1 and 2 show the contour of the mold pins on which the cap
and body portions of the useful locking two-piece capsule of this
invention are formed. FIGS. 3 and 4 are blown-up profile views of
the surface of the body and cap molding pins respectively at the
location on the pin where the elements which effect the locking
capsule of the present invention are formed in the cylinder wall of
the body and cap portions, respectively.
Referring to FIG. 1, the salient features of the cap molding pin 1,
on which the cap portion of the locking capsule of this invention
is molded, are shown. The surface of the cylinder wall 2 tapers
outwardly, in relation to the axial center-line of the pin, away
from the end 5 of the pin 1 whereon the closed end of the cap is
formed. In the design of a two-piece hard capsule it is beneficial
to have the cap portion tapering outwardly from the closed end to
the open end thereof as this allows for a greater clearance between
the outside diameter of the body portion and the inside diameter of
the cap at the open end. This makes the rejoining operation easier
as it is not required that the centering of the body with the cap
should be extremely precise. Once the body has been started into
the cap it is a benefit to have the clearance between the two
dimensions described above decrease so that a close fit is
accomplished when the body is completely telescoped into the cap. A
plurality of independent lateral indentations 3 are formed in the
cap pin which result in radial inwardly extending lateral ridges in
the inside surface of the cap. There is an area between each of the
indentations that is not indented so that the ridges are laterally
separated. Disposed between the ends of the lateral indentations 3
are a plurality of longitudinal indentations 4 which originate in
said lateral indentations 3 distant from the end 5 of the pin and
progress away from the end 5. The longitudinal indentations 4 blend
into the lateral indentations 3, and there is generally one
longitudinal indentation 4 associated with each lateral indentation
3. This, however, is not a requirement, and as long as longitudinal
indentations are disposed at approximately equal distances around
the circumference of the pin, raised areas extending radially
inwardly are formed in the cap which effect a frictional contact
between the inside surface of the cap and the outside surface of
the body. Generally three lateral indentations are sufficient to
provide an effective number of lateral ridges extending radially
inwardly in the cap and three raised areas disposed between the
ends thereof suffice. The total length of the lateral indentations
should not, as a rule, exceed about 300.degree. of the
circumference of the pin.
A profile of the lateral indentation 3 and the longitudinal
indentation 4 is shown in FIG. 3. The longitudinal indentation 4
originates in the slope of the side of lateral indentation 3 and
progresses away from the latter. The longitudinal indentation 4 is
generally about two-thirds the depth of the lateral indentations 3,
but can be of equal depth. It is imperative that the longitudinal
indentation 4 originate in the lateral indentation 3 as it is
essential that the two indentations blend together so that there
will be no area in the inside surface of the cylinder wall of the
cap between the lateral ridges and the longitudinal raised areas
that extends radially inwardly by a lesser amount than said raised
areas.
Referring to FIG. 2, a body mold pin 6 is shown from a side view.
The pin has a general taper inwardly toward the end 12 of the pin
on which the closed end of the body is formed. There is a
constriction 7 in the pin which is in the geometric form of a
longitudinally extending ogee curve. The ogee curve provides the
benefit over a chamfer of a smoother leading and trailing edge
which reduces the opportunity for the formation of bubbles in the
gelatin film at the point of change in the line of the cylinder
wall of the mold pin. The longitudinally extending ogee curve is
disposed laterally around the circumference of the pin, and effects
a uniform reduction in the diameter of the pin. The cylinder wall 8
of the pin immediately adjacent to the ogee curve 9 tapers
outwardly away from said curve. The cylinder wall 10 immediately
adjacent to the ogee curve 9 is essentially parallel to the axial
center-line of the pin for a distance toward the end 12 of the pin
to the point where the essentially parallel wall intersects a line
projected from the intersection of the tapered wall 8 with the ogee
curve 9 toward the end 12 of the pin at the same degree of taper as
is present in the tapered wall 8. From this point until the
cylinder wall 11 intersects with the beginning of the radius of the
end 12 of the pin, the taper of the cylinder wall progresses at
about the same degree as is present in the cylinder wall 8.
The profile of the body pin 6 at the position of the constriction
effected by the longitudinally extending ogee curve 9 in said pin 6
is blown up in FIG. 4. The cylinder wall 8 tapers inwardly to the
point of intersection with the leading edge of ogee curve 9. Ogee
curve 9 progresses away from cylinder wall 8 toward cylinder wall
10. Cylinder wall 10 progresses away from ogee curve 9 essentially
parallel to the axial center line of pin 6. The distance covered by
ogee curve 9 occupies from about one-twentieth to about one-tenth
of the total distance from the end of the pin to the far edge of
the ogee curve 9, and provides for a constriction of from about
0.004 to about 0.008 inches in the diameter of the pin from the
beginning to the end of said ogee curve 9.
In practice, the capsule body is trimmed to provide a section
between the open end of said body and the beginning of the ogee
curve 9 which occupies from about one-thirtieth to about one-tenth
of the total length of said body after trimming.
The cap portion 13 of the novel locking capsule of this invention
is shown in cross-section in FIG. 5. The cap 13 has a cylinder wall
14 which is of essentially the same thickness throughout. The
inside surface 15 of said cylinder wall 14 conforms to the outside
surface of the molding pin, such as that shown in FIG. 1, on which
the cap 13 is formed. And because the thickness of the cylinder
wall 14 is essentially uniform regardless of the contour, the
outside surface 16 generally follows the inside contour. For that
reason the outside surface is depressed where the indentations 3
and 4 were present in the mold pins on which said cap was
formed.
The raised area 17 is shown in FIG. 5 extending radially inwardly
and the lateral ridges 19 also extend radially inwardly. The
indentations 18 and 20, which are observed in the outside surface
16 are opposite said raised areas 17 and said lateral ridges 19,
respectively. The raised areas 17 originate at the lateral ridges
19 and are disposed between the ends thereof. The raised areas 17
progress away from the lateral ridges 19 toward the open end of
said cap portion 13.
There is a plurality of lateral ridges 19 disposed in the same
circumferential plane with the apex thereof at a distance of from
about one-tenth to about one-thirtieth of the total length of the
cylinder wall 14 from the point of the intersection of the latter
with the closed end 21 of said cap 13. Preferably the apex of the
lateral ridges 20 is about one-twentieth of the cap length as
described above.
While there may be any number of independent lateral ridges 19 from
two to infinity, the maximum feasible number would be about 12.
Preferably there are three independent lateral ridges 19. Each of
the independent lateral ridges 19 is separated from the next
lateral ridge around the circumference by a section of the inside
surface 15 of said cap which is a lateral and longitudinal
continuation of said inside surface 15 of said cylindrical wall 14.
The lateral ridges 19 are extended radially inwardly from about
0.002 to about 0.005 inches from the inside surface 15. Preferably
the inward radial extension is about 0.003 inch at the apex of said
lateral ridges 19.
The raised areas 17 disposed between the ends of said lateral
ridges 19 are extended radially inwardly from about 0.0015 to about
0.0035 inch, preferably about 0.002 inch.
The plurality of lateral ridges 19 have a total length of from
about 180.degree. to about 300.degree., preferably about
300.degree.. And the separations between said lateral ridges 19
have a total length of about 60.degree. to about 180.degree.,
preferably about 60.degree..
The separation areas between said lateral ridges 19 serve the
purpose of providing a conduit for the rapid escape of the air from
the closed end 21 of said cap 13 when the body portion 22 of said
capsule shown in FIG. 6 is fully telescoped into said cap 13.
The raised areas 17 blending into the lateral ridges 19 have a
total lateral distance of from about 90.degree. to about
180.degree., preferably about 90.degree. and occupy a longitudinal
distance of from about one-tenth to about one-fourth of the total
length of said cap 13, preferably about one-sixth.
The closed end 21 of said cap 13 is shown in FIG. 5 as a
hemisphere. While this is the preferred geometric form of said
closed end 21, such is not a requirement, and said closed end 21
can be in any reasonable combination of radii that avoids sharp
angles.
A bottom plan view of said cap portion 13 is show from the open end
in FIG. 7. The raised areas 17 are shown as located in essentially
the center of each of the lateral ridges 19, such a positioning is
not required as said raised areas can be located at any point
between the ends of the lateral ridges 19. Geometric symmetry
suggests the centerline position and such is preferred. Moreover,
the separations between the lateral ridges are shown as being
essentially uniform, such geometric exactness is not required, but
some reasonable symmetry is indicated to aid in the uniform escape
of the air being compressed in the closed end 21 of the cap as the
body portion is being fully telescoped thereinto.
The pin on which the cap 13 is molded is designed to provide an
inside diameter in the section of the cap 13 between the near edge
of said lateral ridges 19 and the point of intersection of the
cylinder wall 14 and the beginning of the closed end 21 that is
about the same as the outside diameter of the body 22 at the open
end 33 of the latter.
The body portion 22 of the useful locking capsule of the present
invention is shown in FIG. 6. The body 22 has a cylindrical wall 23
that is of about the same thickness as the cylinder wall 14 of the
cap 13. The inside surface 24 of said body 22 follows the contour
of the pin 6 on which said body 22 is molded. And the outside
surface 25 follows generally the contour of said inside surface 24,
as was discussed hereinbefore in connection with said cap 13. It is
the outside surface 25 of said body 22 which provides, in
combination with the inside surface 15 of said cap 13 the elements
which constitute this invention. The elements of the two portions
cooperate to effect the novel locking capsule disclosed herein.
The heart of the body 22 elements cooperating with the cap 13
elements is the construction 27 in the body 22 in the geometric
form of a longitudinally extending ogee curve beginning at the
intersection of said ogee curve and a tapered section 26 and ending
at the intersection of the opposite end of said ogee curve and a
section of said body 22 wherein said cylinder wall is essentially
parallel with the axial centerline of said body 22.
The capsule body portion 22 is comprised of five longitudinally
integrally molded sections, each intersecting with the next to
effect a continuous cylinder wall from an open end to a closed
end.
The first section 26, shown in FIG. 6, extends from the open end 33
toward said closed end of said body 22, said first section 26
occupying from about one-thirtieth to about one-tenth of the total
length of said body 22, preferably about one-twentieth, and tapers
progressively inwardly in relation to the axial center line of said
body 22. Said taper progresses at from about 0.005 to about 0.020,
preferably about 0.012 inch per linear inch. Said first section 26
has an outside surface diameter at the open end 33 of about the
same diameter as the inside of the cap surface at the point in the
cap portion 13 where the cylinder wall and closed end
intersect.
The second section 27 of said body 22 is a constriction which
reduces the diameter of the outside surface 25 of said body 22 by
from about 0.004 to about 0.008 inches over a span of from about
one-twelfth to about one-twenty-fourth of the total length of said
body 22. Preferably, said diameter is reduced by about 0.004 inch
over a span of about one-twentieth of the total length of said body
22. The constriction progresses in the geometric form of a
longitudinally extended ogee curve having two inverted radii of
about 0.050 and 0.120 inches, respectively. The ogee curve is
laterally continuous around the circumference of said body 22. The
second section 27 is integrally molded with said first section
26.
The third section 28 of said body 22 occupies from about one-fifth
to three-fifths of the total length of said body 22, preferably
about two-fifths, and has a cylinder wall that is essentially
parallel to the axial center line of said body from the point of
intersection with the trailing edge of the ogee curve of said
second section 27 to the point of intersection with a projected
line, having the same taper as said first section 26, from said
first section 26 with the parallel walls of said third section 28.
Said third section 28 is integrally molded with said second
section.
The fourth section 29 continues with the same taper as said first
section 26 from the intersection of said third section 28 with said
fourth section 29 to the intersection of the latter with the fifth
section 30 which constitutes the closed end 30 of said body portion
22. Said fourth section, integrally molded with said third section,
occupies from about one-eighth to two-fifths of the total length of
said body 22, preferably about one-fourth of said length.
The fifth section 30 of said body 22 constitutes the closed end of
said body 22 and is integrally molded with said fourth section 29.
Said fifth section occupies from about one-eighth to about
two-fifths of the total length of said body 22, preferably about
one-fourth, and can have any geometric form that avoids sharp
angles, preferably either a hemisphere or a parabola.
A top plan view from the open end of said body 22 is shown in FIG.
8. The inside and outside walls are laterally symmetrical as
illustrated.
A completely closed capsule is shown in FIG. 9 with the
indentations in the outside surface 16 of the cap where the lateral
ridges 19 and raised areas 17 appear on the inside of the cap
positioned to serve as a reference for the cross-sectional views of
a completely telescoped capsule shown in FIG. 10 and the partially
telescoped capsule detailed in FIG. 11.
In FIG. 10 the first section 26 of the body 22 is shown telescoped
into a position between the lateral ridges 19 and the closed end 21
of the cap. The second section 27 of said body 22 is located
adjacent to the lateral ridges in the same circumferential plane.
As said body 22 is telescoped to a point where the open end 33 of
said body 22 contacts the first edge of said lateral ridges 19, a
frictional grip is effected and the air in the closed end 21 of
said cap 13 comes under compression. As the telescoping continues
the air escapes between the ends of the lateral ridges 19 and the
first section 26 of the body 22 is compressed and deforms as it
slides up on the lateral ridges 19, and returns to its original
configuration as it slides down the back side of said lateral
ridges 19. As said first section 26 slides completely behind said
lateral ridges 19, said first section has an outside surface
diameter greater than the inside diameter of the lateral ridges 19
and consequently a mechanical grip is established between the cap
portion 13 and the body portion 22 of the novel locking capsule of
this invention. The cylinder wall of the third section 28, being
parallel to the axial center-line of the body 22 clears the raised
areas 17, but remains close the latter. Moreover, inasmuch as the
cap portion 13 is tapering outwardly from the closed end to the
open end thereof, the parallel cylinder wall of the third section
28 of the body portion 22 establishes a smaller clearance between
the outside surface 25 of the cylinder wall 23 of the body 22 and
the inside surface 15 of the cap 13 than that which would be
present if the taper of the body 22 were resumed immediately after
the termination of the second section 27, and aids in the release
of air from the completely telescoped capsule. The mechanical lock
thus effected provides a superior resistance to the separation of a
filled capsule when the latter is subjected to severe punishment in
handling and packaging.
A partially telescoped capsule is illustrated in FIG. 11. The first
section 26 of the body 22 is shown in frictional contact with the
raised areas 17 which extend radially inwardly from the inside
surface of the cap 13. In this position there is sufficient
frictional contact to hold the partially telescoped capsule
together under most conditions encountered in handling and shipping
empty capsules and in the feeding mechanisms on high speed filling
machines. And yet the frictional pressure is not so great that an
easy separation of the cap can not be achieved in the conventional
filling operation.
Moreover, the positioning of the said areas 17 between the ends of
lateral ridges 19, and the blending of longitudinal ends of the
former into the sloping side of the latter provides a clear and
continuous open channel for the escape of air from the closed end
of the cap 13 as the body 22 is telescoped thereinto, and assures
that first section 26 of the body 22 will not become mechanically
locked when the body 22 is partially telescoped into the cap 13 in
a prelocked position.
* * * * *