U.S. patent number 3,823,304 [Application Number 05/360,148] was granted by the patent office on 1974-07-09 for automatic control system for limiting ice formation in gutters and downspouts.
Invention is credited to Roman Siemianowski.
United States Patent |
3,823,304 |
Siemianowski |
July 9, 1974 |
AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR LIMITING ICE FORMATION IN GUTTERS AND
DOWNSPOUTS
Abstract
A gutter waste sensor comprising a grounded electrode and a
water sensing electrical probe mounted on an insulated block which
is vertically adjustable to various levels on a hollow stand
extending upward from the bottom of the gutter. The water sensing
probe is located and spaced protectively between members of the
vertical stand. The grounded electrode terminates on the stand at a
lower level than the probe. The probe and grounded electrode are
part of a solid state electronic circuit for detecting the presence
of water at the predetermined level in the gutter and energizing an
electrical heating cable system laid therein to limit the
accumulation of ice and prevent the overflow of water therefrom
during a thaw.
Inventors: |
Siemianowski; Roman (Chicago,
IL) |
Family
ID: |
23416796 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/360,148 |
Filed: |
May 14, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
219/213;
200/61.04; 392/338; 219/201 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01F
23/241 (20130101); H05B 3/00 (20130101); H05B
2214/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G01F
23/24 (20060101); H05B 3/00 (20060101); H05b
001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/213,381,535,201
;340/234,235,244C ;200/61.04 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Albritton; C. L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Snow; William A. Rummler; Charles
W.
Claims
I claim:
1. In an automatic control system for limiting ice formation in
gutters having electrical heating cables laid therein, the
combination comprising:
a. a gutter,
b. a water level sensor including an electric probe for sensing the
level of water in the gutter,
c. an electronic switch connected to the sensor and to the heating
cable, and
d. a power supply connected to the switch.
2. In the control system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the water
level sensor comprises:
a. an upright stand having a top and a base for mounting on the
bottom of the gutter, and
b. wherein the electric probe is mounted on and insulated from the
stand between the top and the base.
3. In the control system as set forth in claim 2 wherein the stand
comprises:
a. a horizontal leg, and
b. a plurality of spaced vertical members mounted to the leg for
protectively mounting the probe therebetween.
4. In the control system as set forth in claim 3 wherein the
upright stand comprises:
a. a heating cable looped over the vertical legs and secured to the
top of the stand, and
b. a cable loop wound around the juncture of the base and the
upright stand.
5. In the control system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the switch
comprises:
a. a transformer having a primary circuit connected to the power
supply,
b. a thyristor control circuit connected to one terminal of the
secondary circuit of the transformer, and
c. an electrical relay having one terminal connected to the
thyristor and the other terminal connected to the other terminal of
the secondary circuit of the transformer.
6. A water level sensor comprising a conducting metal stand having
a horizontal base member which mounts a hollow vertical leg having
a top and side members, and uninsulated ground lead connected to
the bare metal of the stand, a laminated insulating block mounted
between the side members intermediate between the top and the base
of the stand, a water sensing probe protectively mounted on and
extending downward from the laminated block at a distance up from
the base of the stand, a water sensing probe lead connecting with
the sensing probe comprising insulated hookup wire, a heater cable,
a vertical loop of the heating cable on the vertical leg of the
stand, and a loop of heating cable tied around the vertical leg
adjacent to the horizontal base member, all connected in an
electrical circuit whereby in the presence of water between the
side members and the probe, the electrical circuit will be
operable.
7. The device of claim 6 wherein the electrical circuit comprises a
small signal thyristor in a rectifier circuit, a thermal delay
relay and a transformer.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Often during the winter, while the atmospheric temperature is below
the freezing point of water, some of the snow on the roof melts in
the sunlight and the resulting water runs off the roof and freezes
in the gutter and downspout. After a number of such thaws, enough
ice accumulates in the drains to prevent further drainage, the
final result being a gutter completely filled with ice. Water from
further melting of roof snow can then only overflow the gutter,
forming icicles thereon and ice accumulation on surfaces below the
gutter. Thus stairs and sidewalks become extremely slippery and
dangerous for walking. Trees and shrubs may be severely damaged.
Even if walks are made temporarily safe by the application of salt
and sand, this still requires repeated attention and pedestrians
may yet be injured by falling icicles. In addition, ice may
accumulate on the eaves to such an extent that water will seep
under the roofing, damaging the roof, eaves and soffit, and
sometimes the house interior.
It has been the practice in the past to lay electrical heating
cable along the bottom of the gutter and through the length of the
rainpipe and wait until a snowfall or thaw before manually throwing
a switch to connect the cables to an electrical power supply for
melting the snow and ice in the drains and keeping them clear for
drainage. Unfortunately, this requires watching and waiting. Even
if weather conditions are carefully observed, the time to turn the
heating cables on or off is conjectural, unless the operator is
able to visually inspect the gutter and roof for the presence of
ice or snow jam that will lead to stoppage of drainage if not
melted. Such guessing can be uneconomical in the use of electricity
or disastrous in the overflow of the gutter with water, since
either too much or too little power can make all the difference in
the results attained with the manually controlled system for
limiting ice formation in gutters and downspouts. The prior art
discloses an electrolytic system for sensing the presence of water
in the gutter and downspout and energizing heating cable placed
therein. That system had the disadvantage of (1) a short lift due
to electrolytic decomposition of its switchplates, and (2) possible
hazardous operation if instructions were not strictly followed.
There is an established need for a safe, simple and reliable device
for automatically limiting ice accumulation in gutters and
downspouts in which safety is improved by using a low-voltage
sensing circuit. In the present invention, practicality is enhanced
by having a small, compact water sensor closely associated with the
heating cable in the gutter to reduce obstruction of the drain, and
greater reliability is derived from a sensor which is kept free of
ice and is permeable by water at all times.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The gist of this invention lies in an electronic water sensor
comprising a water sensing probe which is mounted between two
vertical legs of an inverted current-conducting T-shaped stand with
the cross leg of the T serving as a base for resting on the bottom
of the gutter. The water sensing probe is insulated from and spaced
protectively between the vertical legs of the stand. One of the
vertical legs and the cross leg of the stand, at a lower level than
the probe, is the ground terminal. A 10-volt solid state electronic
control circuit in combination with the water sensor probe
electrically connects a heating cable installed in the roof drains
to a 120-volt power supply for melting the accumulated ice and
snow.
The vertical legs of the inverted T-shaped sensor stand serve also
as a framework for supporting an enfolding loop of the gutter
heating cable which makes a drain tunnel through any ice overlying
the cable and provides a drain path for water on the top of
accumulated ice and snow to reach the bottom of the gutter. Air
also enters the tunnel melted around the enfolding cable loop,
easing the flow of water by eliminating siphon restrictions. A
slipknot in the heating cable at the enfoldment may be used to
encircle the bottom of the inverted T-stand. This restores
horizontal continuity of the drainage path and assures quick
melting and complete drainage of the sensor area.
Additional plain loops for drainage may be formed by simply
gathering at intervals several inches of heating cable into a tied,
doubled section and resting each loop thus formed on the gutter
bottom. The top of each additional plain loop is secured to a
gutter hanger strap by insulated wire or tape. The optimum distance
between successive vertical drainage loops in the gutter is
indeterminate because of the differences in installation sites.
Initially, a loop every 8 to 10 feet of gutter is suggested, but
this may be varied considerably according to experience and
expected conditions.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of a corner of a house,
showing a gutter, downspout and the housing for electrical
components secured to the gutter;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of a gutter, showing a
sensor stand in the gutter near the downspout;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the gutter along line 3--3 of
FIG. 2 showing an electric heating cable loop enveloping the stand
of the gutter water sensor;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of the gutter along
line 4--4 of FIG. 2 showing an electrical heating cable loop
enveloping the stand of a water sensing probe;
FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of a laminated blocktype water
probe on a sensor stand;
FIG. 6 is a side view taken along the lines 6--6 of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a bottom plan view of the sensor stand along lines 7--7
of FIGS. 5 and 11;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary side elevational view of the sensor probe
of FIG. 5 mounted in the block with the stand removed;
FIG. 9 is an end elevational view taken along the lines 9--9 of
FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a bottom view taken along the lines 10--10 of FIG. 8 but
including the lower ends of the legs of the inverted T-shown shown
in cross section with the laminated block clamped thereto;
FIG. 11 is a side elevational view of a water sensor in which the
electronic components are encapsulated in its own inverted
U-housing;
FIG. 12 is an end view taken along the lines 12--12 of FIG. 13;
FIG. 13 is a side elevational view of the sensor with the
encapsulated components shown in FIG. 11 with the inverted T-stand
removed;
FIG. 14 is a side elevational view taken along the lines 14--14 of
FIG. 13;
FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram of the 10-volt solid state electronic
system for connecting heating cables to a 120-volt AC power
supply;
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a modified form of an inverted
T-stand; and
FIG. 17 is a cross sectional view taken along the lines 17--17 of
FIG. 16 but also showing one means of securing the heating cable to
the horizontal legs of the stand.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Referring to the drawings, my invention is designed to limit ice
formation and blockage in gutter G and downspout D by heating cable
C laid therein, as shown in FIG. 1, and by the electrical power box
B, housing the control circuit, when the presence of water is
detected by a gutter water sensor 8 installed therein, as shown in
FIGS. 2, 3 and 4.
In FIGS. 5-10 is illustrated an embodiment of the gutter water
level sensor 8 comprising an upright inverted T-stand 9, preferably
made of copper or other bare, weather-durable metal, having a
horizontal base member 10 which mounts a pair of spaced vertical
legs 13 and 13' connected together at their top by loop 12. The leg
13 is bent horizontally adjacent its lower end and then back upon
itself. The leg 13' is also bent horizontally adjacent its lower
end, all as clearly shown in FIG. 5, to form base 10.
A ground lead 14 connects to the bare metal of the first plate
member 11, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, which is clamped by screws 15
to the outer face of the leg 13. The other end of the lead 14 is
connected to the tap 51. A laminated insulating block 16 mounts
between the side members 13 and 13' and is positioned adjacent the
upper end thereof. The laminated insulating block 16 is held
against the inner face of and supported by the side member 13 by
the screws 15 in appropriate threaded apertures 15' in said block
16, as shown in FIG. 8, in a clamping action on opposite sides of
member 13. A water sensing probe 18, which is insulated except for
a portion of its tip 18', is protectively and adjustably held
substantially medially between members 13 and 13' by the laminated
block 16 in which the probe is threaded, as shown in FIGS. 5, 8, 9
and 10, at an adjustable distance up from the base 10 of the stand
9. A lead 19 connects with the sensing probe 18 at one end and to
the other to the resistor 47. An aperture 17 is provided in the
base member 10 between the side members 13 and 13', as shown in
FIG. 7, so that water can encroach easily upon the water sensing
probe tip 18' and recede completely therefrom leaving no puddle,
capillary, droplet or wet surface for residual conduction between
the electrode tip 18' and ground. The base 10 normally is
positioned flat against the bottom of the drain G. The water
sensing probe, which may be plastic insulated, number 20, solid
hookup wire, is a straight member pointed downward with about a
half-inch of insulation removed from the tip 18', exposing the
conductor to contact with any water in the gutter.
Referring to FIG. 15, the solid state electronic control circuit 20
in housing B comprises a silicon controlled rectifier circuit 41
having a thyristor 44, preferably of the Type 2N5060, with a
sensitive gate 45, anode 46 and cathode 48. The gate 45 has a
switching action responsive to a small signal current passed
through the water sensor 8. The gate 45 is electrically connected
to the sensor ground lead 14 and to the first terminal 51 of
preferably a 0.01 microfarad capacitor 50. The anode 46 is
electrically connected through preferably a 30,000 to 45,000-ohm
resistor 47 to lead 19, probe 18 and tip 18' of water sensor 8. The
anode 46 is also electrically connected to the first terminal 56 of
heater 49 in the thermal relay 57. The cathode 48 is electrically
connected to the second terminal of capacitor 50 by lead 52 and to
the first terminal 58 of secondary coil 55 of transformer 59.
In FIG. 15, the thermal time delay relay 57 comprises a heating
element 49 and a normally-open thermostatic switch 63. The heating
element 49 has a second terminal 54 connected to the second
terminal 60 of secondary coil 55 of transformer 59, for energizing
the heating element 49 when the silicon controlled rectifier
circuit 41 is fired by the presence of water between the probe tip
18' and the sensor stand 9.
In FIG. 15, a normally-open bimetallic single-pole, single-throw
switch 63 in the thermal relay, having first and second electrical
terminals 62 and 64, is actuated by the heating element 49 for
closing the contacts of the switch after a rated delay period and
connecting terminals 62 and 64 in the 120-volt AC power supply
circuit between one side of the primary coil 61 and one side of
receptacle 65, respectively, for energizing the receptacle 65 and
heater cable C when its plug is electrically connected to
receptacle 65.
The transformer 59 has an input of 120 volts at the primary coil 61
connected to power supply wires 32 and 33 and has a 10-volt, 5-watt
output from secondary coil 55 connected to the sensor circuit at
terminals 58 and 60. The transformer has a built-in automatic
resetting thermal protector, not shown in FIG. 15.
In the operation of this system for limiting the formation of ice
in the gutter G and the downspout D, a critical level of water in
the gutter G of FIG. 1 actuates the water sensor 8, as shown in the
circuit diagram of FIG. 15, and produces an electrical signal which
is connected to and fires the silicon controlled rectifier circuit
41 and energizes the thermal relay 57, which in turn, after a rated
delay, connects the 120-volt AC power supply to the heating cable C
which is laid in the gutter G and the downspout D. The slow-acting
delay relay prevents repeated short term operations of the switch
63 by fluctuant water in the gutter, thereby greatly reducing
contact wear.
Reversely, water receding below the critical level in the gutter
opens the circuit in sensor 8 and makes the silicon controlled
rectifier circuit 41 non-conductive. The resultant cooling of
heater 49 allows the switch 63 to return after a delay to its
normally open position, turning off the heating cable plugged into
receptacle 65.
In FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, a gutter strap 30 supports the vertical leg of
the sensor stand 9, while the base 10 rests on the bottom of the
gutter. An insulated wire loop 31 ties the connector 12 of the
stand 9 to the strap 30. The vertical leg of the sensor stand 9 is
long and narrow and sets upright on the bottom of gutter G. The
water sensor 8 is preferably located near the downspout D, because
this is the lowest level of the gutter G and accumulating water
therein can first be detected there.
FIG. 3 also shows the heating cable C tied to form a loop 34 over
the side members 13 and 13' and secured at the connector 12 to the
gutter strap 30 by the tie 31. The bottom of the loop is tied by
making a slipknot 35 in the heating cable C, adjacent to the base
10 of the stand 9, to insure adequate drainage to the bottom of the
gutter. The heat of the cable C around the legs will tend to dry up
any water or droplets in the area between the side members 13-13'
during the time delay period mentioned hereinabove.
Additional simple loops, tied closed with tape or insulated wire,
may be formed without sensor or stand every 8 to 10 feet along the
gutter length and secured to other gutter straps, primarily to
allow water to flow along the heating cable C lying on the gutter
bottom by means of drainage holes melted in the ice depth and
regardless of the depth of ice overlying the cable.
In FIGS. 11 to 13, another embodiment of the gutter water sensor 8'
comprises the silicon controlled circuit 41 (see FIG. 15)
comprising the thyristor 44, resistor 47 and capacitor 50 embedded
in the insulator capsule 24, which is housed in a U-shaped current
conducting sheet metal member 21 having legs 22 and 23 fitting
between the side members 13 and 13' of the upright member 9 (see
FIG. 11). A clamp member 25, soldered to the outer side of leg 22,
extends beyond the width of leg 22 with appropriate threaded holes
therein. The clamp is wrapped around side member 13' of the member
9 and locks the sensor 8' at an adjustable height on the member 9
by tightening screws 26. The member 13' is electrically connected
to the clamp by sliding contact pressure. In the embedded circuit,
the ground lead 14, FIG. 15, is electrically connected to the leg
22 and hence through the clamp to member 13', while the probe 18'
of FIGS. 11 and 12 emerges directly as a bare conductor from the
embedding material of capsule 24, which holds all elements of
circuit 41, FIG. 15, fixed and insulated. Of course, as in the main
embodiment, the probe 18' is electrically connected to the resistor
47 and the anode 46.
When circuit 41 of FIG. 15 is thus spatially separated from other
elements of the control circuit 20 in box B and is distantly
encapsulated in sensor 8' of FIGS. 11-14, then the conductors 70
and 71 of FIG. 15 become leads for joining sensor 8' and circuit 41
to control box B at the first terminal 58 of the secondary coil 55
of transformer 59 and at the first terminal 56 of heater element 49
of thermal delay relay 57.
In the modified form of the invention in FIGS. 16 and 17, a
relatively heavy rectangular-shaped plate 80 is anchored to the
lower face of horizontal legs 10 by bonding as at 82, medially of
the side edges 81 of the plate. This plate is preferably
constructed of lead or zinc approximately 11/2 inches wide and 31/8
inches long. The plate is provided with an aperture identical to
the aperture 17 in the horizontal leg 10 whereby water in the
gutter may enter between the members 13-13'. Water may also readily
drain to the gutter when the water in the gutter is drained
off.
The purpose of adding the plate 80 to the inverted T-stand 9 is to
allow the stand 9 to seat freely in the gutter without using the
ties 31, shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4.
As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the plate 80 is provided with a series
of spaced apertures 83 on each side of the horizontal leg 10 for
the purpose of using a lace 84 to tie the heater cable to the upper
surface of the plate 80.
Thus it should be apparent from the foregoing that the component
cost is small, the water sensor operates on safe low voltage, and
multiple sensors may be used in simple parallel connection without
requiring increased power for sensing.
It is to be understood that various details shown and disclosed may
be altered or omitted without departing from the spirit of this
invention as defined by the following claims.
* * * * *