U.S. patent number 3,822,943 [Application Number 05/336,697] was granted by the patent office on 1974-07-09 for apparatus for establishing a visible plane or fan of light.
This patent grant is currently assigned to New Hampshire Ball Bearings, Inc.. Invention is credited to Mark T. Mason.
United States Patent |
3,822,943 |
Mason |
July 9, 1974 |
APPARATUS FOR ESTABLISHING A VISIBLE PLANE OR FAN OF LIGHT
Abstract
An apparatus for establishing a visible plane or fan of light.
The plane is generated by sweeping out a beam of light produced by
a laser. The apparatus is leveled by conventional means such as
liquid levels, and the plane of light thus establishes a horizontal
(or vertical) reference plane useful in building construction.
Inventors: |
Mason; Mark T. (Peterborough,
NH) |
Assignee: |
New Hampshire Ball Bearings,
Inc. (Petersborough, NH)
|
Family
ID: |
23317262 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/336,697 |
Filed: |
February 28, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
356/138; 356/247;
359/198.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01C
15/004 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G01C
15/00 (20060101); G01b 011/26 () |
Field of
Search: |
;356/138,153,167,172,247
;350/285,289 ;331/94.5A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wibert; Ronald L.
Assistant Examiner: Godwin; Paul K.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cameron, Kerkam, Sutton, Stowell
& Stowell
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An optical apparatus for projecting a sweep laser beam, to
thereby define a reference plane, the apparatus including,
a. a source of visible laser light,
b. a generally rectangular housing supporting and containing said
laser source,
c. a leveling mechanism supporting said housing,
d. rotatable reflecting surface means for intercepting a laser beam
from said laser source and causing the beam to repeatedly sweep out
a light plane over angular areas, said rotatable reflecting surface
means contains a plurality of reflecting surfaces and rotates about
an axis extending along one wall of said housing, whereby a portion
of said rotatable reflecting surface means extend beyond the plane
of said one housing surface,
e. a generally semi-cylindrical wall attached to and extending out
from said one housing surface, the axis of rotation of said
rotatable reflecting surface means being substantially coincident
with the longitudinal axis of said semi-cylindrical wall, whereby
the rotatable reflecting surface means is housed by both the
housing and the semi-cylindrical wall,
f. an optical window in said semicylindrical wall to permit egress
of the laser light and to thereby sweep out 180.degree. without
interference from the housing.
2. The optical apparatus of claim 1 wherein said rotatable
reflective surface means is defined by a plurality of planar
reflecting surfaces which lie in intersecting planes, said
reflecting surfaces rotatable about an axis parallel to a laser
beam incident onto said rotatable reflecting surface means, whereby
the planar reflecting surfaces repeatedly pass into and out of the
laser beam path to repeatedly sweep out a reference plane of
visible light.
3. The optical apparatus of claim 2 including a laser beam expander
for increasing the diameter of a laser beam from said laser source,
said beam expander positioned in the optical path of a laser beam
from said laser source to said planar reflecting surfaces.
4. The optical apparatus of claim 2 wherein said planar reflecting
surfaces are two in number and lie in planes at right angles to
each other.
Description
This invention relates to an optical apparatus which displays
special utility in the construction arts. The apparatus produces a
plane of visible light, generated from a laser source, the plane
defining a reference plane which may be either horizontal or
vertical.
It is known in the construction arts to employ a swept-out laser
beam for purposes of establishing a generally horizontal reference
plane. A reference plane may be either horizontal or vertical and
displays utility in a wide variety of areas in the construction
arts, such as pouring concrete up to a desired level, and
establishing the height of various components of a roof or ceiling
with respect to a reference datum or level.
The prior art is aware of the use of a rotating laser beam in the
surveying and map-making arts. For example, U.S. Patent 3,588,249
issued to Studebaker discloses a transit supported on a plurality
of legs and carrying a conventional source of laser beam energy.
The laser beam is directed upwardly and strikes a pentaprism. The
pentaprism is rotated continuously over a full circle by an
electric motor. By leveling the head of the tripod, the laser beam
emergent from the pentaprism thus establishes a horizontal
reference level. The continuously rotating laser beam strikes a
plurality of target devices which may be placed, for example, on
various mobile construction vehicles, reference level rods, etc.
While apparently satisfactory for its intended purpose, the
construction shown in the Studebaker patent does not display
complete versatility. For example, it is not apparent how to obtain
a vertical reference plane of light with the Studebaker apparatus.
A reference vertical plane is often desirable in the construction
arts when, for example, it is desired to vertically align a
prefabricated wall panel. Further, the use of a pentaprism
significantly increases the cost of a device constructed in
accordance with the teachings of the Studebaker patent. Such prisms
require high optical quality glass because light is transmitted
through them.
According to the practice of this invention, these and other
disadvantages of the prior art are overcome by the use of a laser
beam sweep apparatus which is detachable from the leveling part of
the device, to thereby permit rotation by 90.degree. of the
swept-out laser beam to establish a vertical reference plane.
Further it has been found, according to this invention, that plane
silvered mirrors may be employed which materially reduces the cost
of the apparatus. The use of plane silvered surfaces as the
reflecting elements for sweeping out the laser beam economically
yields a plurality of reflecting surfaces so that the speed of
rotation of the reflecting surfaces may be lower than the
corresponding speed in prior art constructions such as the
Studebaker construction. Lower rotational speeds hence place a
correspondingly smaller burden on bearings and other associated
elements in the rotational train to thereby yield longer operating
life. They also make the beam more visible to the eye because they
yield more light energy per area per unit time.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a top elevational view of the apparatus with the top
cover removed.
FIG. 3 is a side or elevational view with one of the side panels
removed.
FIG. 4 is a view taken along section 4--4 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is a partially schematic view showing a cross-sectional
detail of certain rotating reflectors illustrated at FIG. 3.
FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 illustrate typical uses of the apparatus in the
construction arts.
Referring now to the drawings, the numeral 10 indicates generally
the laser apparatus of this invention and includes a housing 12
provided with a handle 14 for carrying the apparatus. The numeral
16 denotes generally a conventional leveling mechanism whose
purpose is to support the housing 12 and, by conventional screw
mechanisms, to adjust the inclination of the base of the frame 12.
One end of the frame is provided with a semi-cylindrical wall 18,
the latter including a curved glass 20 through which a laser beam
is adapted to pass.
Referring now to FIG. 2 of the drawings, the numeral 24 denotes a
laser of any conventional construction and, in the preferred
embodiment illustrated, may be defined as a helium-neon laser which
projects red light. A transformer 26 and high voltage power supply
is coupled conventionally to laser 24. A motor denoted by the
numeral 28 is positioned at one end of the interior of frame 12.
The numeral 30 denotes a connector to a source of power and a fuse
housing 32 is provided. Referring now to FIG. 3 of the drawings,
the numeral 34 denotes one reflecting surface mounted at an end of
support bar 35, the lower end of this bar carrying a second
reflecting surface 36. The numeral 38 denotes a laser beam
expander, of conventional construction, which may include a
plano-concave entrance lens and a convex exit lens, whose function
is to expand laser beam 40 emanating from laser 24 from a diameter
of approximately 1 millimeter to a diameter of approximately 1
centimeter. The primary function of the beam expander is to reduce
the divergence of the laser beam. While the beam expander expands
the diameter of the beam 10 times, it also reduces the annular
divergence by a factor of 10. This gives a smaller, brighter spot
at a distance. (300 ft) The laser beam emanating from expander 30
is denoted by the numeral 42 and strikes stationary prism 44 having
a silvered exterior reflecting surface at an angle of 45.degree. to
the horizontal. The numerals 46 and 47 denote adjacent silvered
exterior surfaces which are rotated, as will be explained in more
detail later. The faces 46 and 47 are at right angles to each
other, the arrangement being such that upon reflection, beam 42
from surface 44 is reflected from surface 46 and sweeps out a beam
approximately 180.degree. in angular extent. When surface 46
rotates far enough such that it occupies the position of other
surface 47, the latter surface will now receive light from
reflecting surface 44 and similarly will sweep out a beam
approximately 180.degree. in angular extent.
Referring now to FIG. 4 of the drawings, it is seen that laser tube
24 is slightly offset from the center of housing 12, at the top
portion thereof, while beam expander 38 lies approximately
contrally of the lower portion of housing 12. Mirror support bar 35
is thus angularly positioned with respect to the vertical. Posts 50
and 52 support liquid bubble level 54, of conventional
construction. The bubble levels 56 (FIG. 2) and 58 as well as 54,
are viewed by corresponding openings in the housing. The bubble
level devices are luminated by wasted light from the laser.
FIG. 5 of the drawings illustrates a construction which insures
that the beams from reflecting surfaces 46 and 47 are deflected the
same amount. Otherwise, each 180.degree. of revolution would result
in alternate raising or lowering of the beam. The numeral 60
denotes a pulley driven by a belt attached to motor 28. Shaft 62 is
supported by anti-friction elements such as ball bearings,
schematically designated by the numeral 64. These bearings are
mounted in a housing 66. Reflecting surfaces 46 and 47 are mounted
on apertured plate 70. Another plate 68 is mounted parallel to
plate 70 and is spaced therefrom by means of a plurality of
berylium copper springs denoted by the numeral 72. Threaded
fasteners 74 and 76 pass through the apertures in plate 70 and
thread into plate 68. Plate 68 is fastened to rotating shaft 52 by
the indicated threaded fastener. It is seen that by adjusting
threaded fasteners 74 and 76, parallelism of plate 70 with respect
to plate 78 is effected. This places reflecting surfaces 46 and 47
in proper relation so that the reflected laser beams from each lie
in the same plane.
Reference now to FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 illustrates several of the uses
to which the above-described apparatus may be put. In FIG. 6, the
apparatus is shown as applied to the pouring of concrete slabs. The
rotating laser beacon or beam sweeps through approximately
180.degree. and the beam provides a level reference plane of light
over the pouring area. The illustrated pegs may be provided with
targets, of conventional construction, and may be defined, for
example, by a line 100 on a translucent sheet. The targets are set
to the difference between the height of the beam and the final
sub-grade elevation. The sub-grade is leveled until the spinning
laser beam hits the line on the target anywhere in the pour
area.
Referring now to FIG. 7, the apparatus is illustrated as displaying
utility in a suspended ceiling installation. With the level
apparatus 12 set up at a known distance below finished ceiling
height, a fan or plane of light is established parallel to the
ceiling. By putting a target on each successive channel 102 as it
is being hung, the laser beam intercepts the line on the target and
indicates when the channel is level. A number of workers can
accordingly utilize the laser beam at the same time anywhere within
the enclosure being constructed.
FIG. 8 of the drawings illustrates the utility of the device for
the purpose of establishing a vertical plane of laser light.
Housing 12 is simply lifted off of leveling mechanism 16 and placed
on its side. The leveling mechanism is then adjusted so that the
swept out laser beam will lie in a vertical plane, as indicated by
the bubble level indicators. A target may, successively, be placed
against vertical wall beams. When a target is placed against the
wall beams (or a prefabricated wall) and the rotating beam falls on
a line on the target, the vertical beams will be straight and
plumb. While convenient in many applications a target is not
essential, as a yardstick or marked block of wood will serve as
well.
The apparatus is calibrated at its place of manufacture so that the
final fan of light generated by the laser beam is horizontal, as
will be indicated by the bubble level indicators.
While the invention has been described with reference to a laser
beam, any (collimated) light beam of relatively small cross-section
may be employed. Hence the adjective laser in the claims is
intended to embrace any such beam.
* * * * *