U.S. patent number 3,822,703 [Application Number 05/332,062] was granted by the patent office on 1974-07-09 for breast pump.
Invention is credited to Patricia B. Davisson.
United States Patent |
3,822,703 |
Davisson |
July 9, 1974 |
BREAST PUMP
Abstract
A breast pump is disclosed for use in stimulating lactation,
particularly of the female human breast. The pump is equipped with
a hollow chamber having a breast receiving opening adapted to
engage at least the nipple area and means for pressurizing and
depressurizing said chamber when in engagement with the breast. The
chamber's breast receiving opening is fitted with a diaphragm
having an aperture large enough for only the nipple area to extend
through, said diaphram being comprised of elastic material capable
of vibrating back and forth in response to the pressurization and
depressurization of the chamber when said diaphragm is in
engagement with the breast.
Inventors: |
Davisson; Patricia B.
(Wellesley, MA) |
Family
ID: |
23296566 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/332,062 |
Filed: |
February 13, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
604/75 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
1/06 (20130101); A61M 1/064 (20140204); A61M
1/82 (20210501); A61M 1/066 (20140204); A61M
2205/075 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61M
1/06 (20060101); A61M 1/00 (20060101); A61m
001/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/280-282,299-301 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Rosenbaum; Charles F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cooke; Susan M.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for stimulating lactation which comprises, in
combination:
a. a hollow chamber having an opening adapted to engage at least
the nipple area of the breast in an essentially airtight
manner;
b. means for alternately pressurizing and depressurizing said
chamber when in engagement with the breast; and
c. a diaphragm fitted to said chamber opening, said diaphragm being
comprised of elastic material capable of vibrating back and forth
in response to the pressurization and depressurization of said
chamber when in engagement with the breast and said diaphragm
having an aperture large enough to admit essentially only the
nipple area of the breast, which aperture is encircled by an
elevated crown of diaphragm material on the breast engaging side of
said diaphragm, said crown flattening out as it is drawn into said
chamber during chamber depressurization so as to decrease the size
of said diaphragm aperture and thereby tighten said aperture's hold
upon the nipple.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said hollow chamber is
generally conically shaped with a breast engaging opening at the
cone base and is provided with pumping means for pressurizing and
depressurizing said chamber at the cone apex, and said diaphragm
possesses a centrally disposed aperture encircled by a ring of
diaphragm material extending into said chamber from the elevated
crown on the breast engaging side of said diaphragm.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said hollow chamber is a
generally trumpet shaped cone and said diaphragm fits within the
base opening of said cone chamber, the elevated crown of said
diaphragm being encircled by a recessed area of diaphragm material
on the breast engaging side of said diaphragm.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein an electrically driven pumping
means is employed.
5. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said recessed area of diaphragm
material on the breast engaging side of said diaphragm is encircled
by an upwardly flaring lip of diaphragm material substantially
conforming to the shape of and recessed within the breast engaging
opening of said cone chamber.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein a projection along one side of
said cone chamber is provided to serve as a milk reservoir and the
pumping means comprises a rubber bulb fitted over the cone chamber
apex, which bulb can be operated by being manually squeezed and
released.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said diaphragm includes a
projecting rim located near and substantially encircling said
diaphragm's outer margin, said rim fitting into a corresponding
groove within the breast engaging opening of said cone chamber.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is concerned with apparatus adapted to
stimulate lactation, particularly of the female human breast.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Artificial evacuation of milk from the lactating breast is
generally accomplished by means of a breast pump. The simplest
pumps include a trumpet shaped cone fitting upon the breast in an
essentially airtight manner and pumping means such as a rubber bulb
at the apex of the cone which is repeatedly squeezed and released.
The resultant pressure and suction maintained upon the breast
stimulates lactation, but only with painful distention of the
breast as it is sucked into the cone.
This painful distention does not normally occur when nursing a
baby. To better imitate the sucking action of a nursing baby, far
more elaborate devices than that described above have been proposed
and patented. For example, the breast pump in U.S. Pat. No.
2,542,505 includes a multichambered cone operated by a vacuum pump
and a pneumatic pulsator such as a cow milking machine. The double
walled, trumpet shaped cone is divided into three sections which
apply suction or pressure to the breast. The section where suction
is applied comprises the area within the cone's inner wall. The
other two sections which exert pressure upon the breast form two
concentric chambers located between the inner and outer walls.
These chambers are separated by an oval shaped rubber partition,
one chamber being situated around the flaring base rim and one
within the cone proper. The inner wall of the cone covering these
chambers, which is formed of a flexible material such as rubber,
ends in a tube extending through the cone apex. This tube is
connected to a vacuum pump. The two concentric chambers between the
cone walls are connected to a pulsator which alternately
pressurizes and evacuates them. When the cone is fitted upon the
breast the flexible inner wall transmits their pulsations to the
nipple and surrounding area. During evacuation of the inner pulse
chamber, suction is applied to the breast through the rubber
tube.
While such a breast pump may more closely approximate the sucking
action of a nursing baby, it is both expensive and complicated in
design and operation. Not only is a multichambered cone necessary
to exert suction and pressure simultaneously, but such operating
equipment as a vacuum pump and a mechanical pulsator are also
required in carrying out this invention.
One object of this invention is therefore to provide a breast pump
that is both simple and economical in design and easy to
operate.
Another object is to provide a breast pump which closely simulates
the sucking action of a nursing baby.
A further and most important object is to provide a breast pump
designed to substantially eliminate painful breast distention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention a hollow chamber is provided with an
opening to engage at least the nipple area of the breast in an
essentially airtight manner. The chamber is equipped with pumping
means for pressurizing and depressurizing the chamber during
operation and its breast receiving opening is fitted with a
diaphragm having an aperture large enough for essentially only the
nipple area to extend through. This diaphragm is comprised of an
elastic material capable of vibrating back and forth in response to
changes in chamber pressure.
These changes in chamber pressure which stimulate lactation are
thus transmitted to the breast via oscillations in the diaphragm
wall. But the wall and the size of its aperture at the same time
prevents the breast from being sucked into the chamber so that
painful distention is essentially eliminated during lactation.
Furthermore, this membrane not only helps to support the breast
during lactation, but its oscillations also press and suck upon the
area surrounding the nipple as is done by a nursing baby.
Rather than a multichambered device with a complicated pumping
system, all that is necessary is a single chamber which may be
pressurized and depressurized by means as simple as a rubber
bulb.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the
invention, reference should be made to the following detailed
description taken in conjunction with the drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the
present invention.
FIG. 2 is a frontal view of a preferred embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 3 is a transverse view of the diaphragm wall utilized in a
preferred embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A practical embodiment of this invention as illustrated in FIG. 1
comprises a generally trumpet shaped hollow cone, 11, of rigid
plastic or other suitable material equipped with a milk reservoir,
12, projecting along the side. The cone apex, 13, is provided with
a small opening and is molded to fit closely within a rubber bulb,
14, which is squeezed and released to pressurize and depressurize
the cone chamber when the latter is placed upon the breast in an
essentially airtight manner. The flaring open base of the cone, 15,
is fitted with a diaphragm, 20, of an elastic material such as
rubber which flexes in and out in response to the suction or
pressure within the cone chamber. The diaphragm wall is equipped
with a centrally disposed aperture, 21, large enough to admit only
the nipple area when the cone is fitted upon the breast.
As seen in FIG. 1, the diaphragm wall encircling this aperture may
form a generally sigmoid shaped curve in cross section. As
explained below, such a shape is most advantageous in protecting
against breast distention. To assure that the diaphragm remains
firmly engaged during operation, it may be equipped with a
projecting rim, 26, fitting into a corresponding groove, 16,
provided within the opening of the cone base. If the rim and groove
are omitted from the wall and side of the cone adjacent to the milk
reservoir, then this portion of the diaphragm can be withdrawn to
empty out the reservoir without completely disengaging the wall
from the cone.
A frontal view of the pump's breast receiving opening is shown in
FIG. 2. As seen at B from the breast receiving side of the
diaphragm, the central aperture through which the nipple extends is
preferably encircled by a raised crown, 22, of wall material to
firmly engage the area surrounding the nipple and provide surface
area for reproducing the size, shape and action of a nursing baby's
mouth. Beyond the recessed area located around the crown's outer
edge, 23, the diaphragm wall again slopes up, 24, to conform to the
shape of the flaring cone base before flattening out to form the
outer margin, 25.
When cone 11 is fitted upon the breast with the nipple area
extending through aperture 21 and bulb 14 is squeezed, pressure
within the cone chamber forces out inwardly curving wall portion
23. This tends to flatten out part of the curved diaphragm wall,
thus forcing the central aperture to tighten its grasp upon the
nipple area. When bulb 14 is released, suction within the cone
chamber now draws in the elastic diaphragm at crown 22, again
tightening the aperture's hold upon the nipple and preventing the
breast from being sucked into the cone most effectively.
A transverse view of the diaphragm membrane without a chamber
engaging rim is illustrated in FIG. 3 as seen from its opposite
side, A. To further ensure against distention resulting from
suction of the breast into the pump chamber, diaphragm aperture 21
may be surrounded by a nipple guide, 27. This ring of elastic
material extends into the cone chamber from the elevated crown on
the opposite breast receiving side of the wall. It may then flatten
out to form a lip around its rim on side A. Because this entire
ring of material can act to retain the nipple, such a nipple guide
would be included in an especially preferred embodiment of this
invention. Furthermore, this extension from crown 22 also provides
more surface area for massaging and squeezing the breast in the
manner of a nursing baby.
Although a rubber bulb is depicted as the pumping means in the
accompanying drawing, other pumping devices may of course be
employed. For example, an electric pump such as that available from
the de Vibliss Company may be utilized, a small cone being
outfitted with that portion of the diaphragm shown within the
dotted line in FIG. 3, including recess 23 and all parts of the
membrane therein. Alternative methods of storing the milk are also
contemplated, as by draining the milk out of the pump chamber via a
tube to a bottle.
Since other changes may be made in the above apparatus without
departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all
matter contained in the above description or shown in the
accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not
in a limiting sense.
* * * * *