U.S. patent number 3,820,080 [Application Number 05/327,780] was granted by the patent office on 1974-06-25 for display systems for electronic data processing equipment.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Myler Digital Sciences, Inc.. Invention is credited to Harold B. Abrams, Benjamin O. Haynes, Glynn P. Williams.
United States Patent |
3,820,080 |
Abrams , et al. |
June 25, 1974 |
DISPLAY SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT
Abstract
A display system for electronic data storage and retrieval
equipment which permits the consecutive and intermittent display of
information through a plurality of radiation active elements, such
as cold cathode display tubes. The display system includes a
recirculating main shift register which may form part of the data
storage and retrieval equipment and which main shift register
receives data bits representing characters to be displayed. A
recirculating anode shift register is connected to the main shift
register through a pulse divider and also receiver bits
representing certain of the characters to be displayed. An anode
driving circuit comprised of a plurality of anode drivers is
operated in conjunction with the anode shift register and a
plurality of cathode drivers are operated by a decoder connected to
the main shift register. In this way a selected anode driver is
energizable together with a cathode driver which will energize a
selected one of said display tubes.
Inventors: |
Abrams; Harold B. (Olivette,
MO), Haynes; Benjamin O. (Creve Coeur, MO), Williams;
Glynn P. (St. Charles, MO) |
Assignee: |
Myler Digital Sciences, Inc.
(Maryland Heights, MO)
|
Family
ID: |
26839404 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/327,780 |
Filed: |
January 29, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
141741 |
May 10, 1971 |
3735366 |
|
|
|
876 |
Jan 6, 1970 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
345/27;
902/21 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G09G
3/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G09G
3/04 (20060101); G09G 3/10 (20060101); G06f
003/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/172.5,324AD,324M,334,337,412 ;178/7.3D |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Zache; Raulfe B.
Assistant Examiner: Nusbaum; Mark Edward
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Schaap; Robert J.
Parent Case Text
This application is a divisional application of our copending
patent application, Ser. No. 141,741, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,735,366
filed May 10, 1971, entitled "Electronic Data Processing System"
which is in turn a Continuation-In-Part of application, Ser. No.
876, filed Jan. 6, 1970, entitled "Electronic Data Processing
System" (now abandoned).
Claims
We claim:
1. A system for enabling consecutive intermittent display of
information through a plurality of radiation active elements and
where said radiation active elements have first terminals and
second terminals; said system comprising a register having a
plurality of multistable elements, input means operatively
associated with said register to introduce a plurality of bits
representative of a plurality of indicia into said register and
where a byte comprised of a selected number of said bits is
representative of one of said plurality of indicia, anode
energizable means operatively connected to the first terminal of
each said radiation active element, cathode energizable means
operatively connected to the second terminal of each said radiation
active element, means operatively associated with said register to
enable recirculation therein of the bits contained in said
register, selector means operatively connected to said register and
said anode energizable means and said cathode energizable means to
cause energization of selected ones of said radiation active
elements when a selected byte of bits is introduced from said input
means and into a selected group of multistable elements in said
register, the number of multistable elements in said selected group
of multistable elements being equal to the number of bits in said
selected byte, and shifting means operatively associated with said
register to periodically shift the bits contained therein to said
selected group of multistable elements, said shifting means also
being operatively assocated with said selector means to cause the
selector means to intermittently display the radiation active
elements on a consequtive basis as the bits in said register are
introduced into said selected group of multistable elements.
2. The system of claim 1 further characterized in that timing means
is operatively connected to said register for controlling the time
that any selected ones of said radiation active elements remains
energized.
3. The system of claim 1 further characterized in that said
register is a recirculating shift register and that said
multistable elements are bistable multivibrators.
4. The system of claim 1 further characterized in that said anode
energizable means comprises a plurality of anode drivers, the
number of which is equal to the number of radiation active elements
capable of being energized, and said cathode energizable means
comprises a plurality of cathode drivers, the number of which is
equal to the number of second terminals of each radiation active
element capable of being energized.
5. The system of claim 4 further characterized in that the number
of bytes capable of being held in said register is equal to the
number of radiation active elements capable of being energized.
6. The system of claim 1 further characterized in that said anode
energizable means comprises a plurality of anode drivers, the
number of which is equal to the number of radiation active elements
capable of being energized, and said cathode energizable means
comprises a plurality of cathode drivers, the number of which is
equal to the number of second terminals of each radiation active
element capable of being energized, said selector means comprising
an anode shift register operatively connected to said anode
drivers, and a decoder operatively connected to said register and
said cathode drivers.
7. The system of claim 1 further characterized in that said anode
energizable means comprises a plurality of anode drivers, the
number of which is equal to the number of radiation active elements
capable of being energized, and said cathode energizable means
comprises a plurality of cathode drivers, the number of which is
equal to the number of second terminals of radiation active
elements capable of being energized, said selector means comprises
an anode shift register operatively connected to said anode
drivers, a pulse divider to divide the number of bits contained in
each plurality of indicia by the number of bits contained in each
byte and being connected to said anode shift register for
energizing a selected one of said anode drivers, a decoder
operatively connected to said register and said cathode drivers and
being capable of producing a number of pulses at least equal to the
number of second terminals of radiation active elements for each
byte so that a selected anode driver which is energizable together
with a cathode driver will energize a selected one of said
radiation active elements.
8. The sytem of claim 2 further characterized in that the timing
means is a delay multivibrator.
9. A system for enabling display of characters in a first bank of a
plurality of individual radiation emitting elements and a second
bank of a plurality of individual radiation emitting elements
associated with a data storage and retrieval apparatus so as to
display characters introduced into and retrieved from said data
storage and retrieval apparatus; said system comprising first
register means operatively connected to said first bank of
radiation emitting elements and receiving bits of a digital code
representing a first type of character, second register means
operatively connected to said second bank of radiation emitting
elements for receiving bits of a digital code representing a second
type of character, and where said first type of character is
different than said second type of character, selection means
operatively connected to said first register means and to said
second register means, said selection means operatively determining
the bits representing said first type of character and permitting
introduction of the bits representing said first type of character
into said first register means, said selection means also
operatively determining the bits representing said second type of
character and permitting introduction of the bits representing said
second type of character into said second register means,
energization means enabling selected ones of the individual
radiation emitting elements in said first and second banks to be
energized for display of characters according to and corresponding
to the bits respectively introduced into said first and second
register means, and means operatively connected to said
energization means for consecutively energizing the radiation
emitting elements of said first bank and consecutively energizing
the radiation emitting elements of said second bank.
10. The system of claim 9 further characterized in that said
radiation emitting elements have a plurality of terminals, first
anode and cathode energizable means operatively connected to said
plurality of terminals of said radiation emitting elements of said
first bank, and second anode and cathode energizable means
operatively connected to said plurality of terminals of said
radiation emitting elements of said second bank.
11. The system of claim 10 further characterized in that means is
operatively connected to said energization means for consecutively
and intermittently energizing the radiation emitting elements of
said first bank and consecutively and intermittently energizing the
radiation emitting elements of said second bank.
12. The system of claim 9 further characterized in that the first
type of character is an arabic character, said first register means
includes elements for receiving said bits representing said first
type of character, that said second type of character is a numeric
character, and said second register means includes elements for
receiving the bits representing said second type of character.
13. The method of consecutively and intermittently displaying
information through a plurality of radiation active elements, said
method comprising converting each informational character into a
plurality of bits forming one byte which is representative of said
informational character, introducing and storing the bits of a
plurality of bytes in multistable elements of a main register,
passing bits representing the characters to be displayed into an
anode register, recirculating the bits contained in said anode
register and selectively energizing the anode terminal of selected
ones of said radiation active elements, selectively energizing the
cathode terminals of the radiation active elements in which the
anode terminals have been energized, selectively energizing
selected ones of said radiation active elements when a selected
byte of bits is introduced into a selected group of multi-stable
element in said main register and which selected group of
multi-stable elements is correlatable to the selected ones of said
radiation active elements to be energized, controlling the time
that any selected ones of said radiation active elements remain
energized, and periodically shifting the bits contained in said
main register to the selected group of multi-stable elements to
intermittently display the radiation active elements on a
consecutive basis as the bits in said main register are introduced
into the selected group of multistable elements.
14. The method of claim 13 further characterized in that the method
comprises introducing into said main register a number of bytes
equal to the number of radiation active elements capable of being
energized.
15. The method of claim 14 further characterized in that the method
comprises selectively energizing a plurality of radiation active
elements in a plurality of banks thereof.
16. A system for enabling consecutive intermittent display of
information through a plurality of radiation active elements and
where said radiation active elements have first terminals and
second terminals; said system comprising a main register having a
plurality of multistable elements, input means operatively
connected to said main register to introduce a plurality of bits
representative of a plurality of indicia into said register and
where a byte comprised of a selected number of said bits is
representative of one of said plurality of indicia, anode
energizable drivers operatively connected to the first terminals of
said radiation active element, the number of anode energizable
drivers being equal to the number of radiation active elements
capable of being energized, a plurality of cathode energizable
drivers operatively connected to the second terminals of said
radiation active elements, the number of cathode energizable
drivers being equal to the number of second terminals of the
radiation active elements capable of being energized, selector
means operatively connected to said register and said anode
energizable drivers and said cathode energizable drivers to cause
energization of selected ones of said radiation active elements
when a selected byte of bits is introduced from said input means
and into a selected group of multistable elements in said register,
the number of multistable elements in said selected group is equal
to the number of bits in said selected byte, an anode shift
register operatively connected to said anode drivers, a pulse
divider to divide the number of bits contained in each plurality of
indicia by the number of bits contained in each byte and being
connected to said anode shift register for energizing a selected
one of said anode drivers, a decoder operatively connected to said
main register and said cathode drivers and being capable of
producing a number of pulses at least equal to the number of second
terminals of radiation active elements for each byte so that a
selected anode driver which is energizable together with a cathode
driver will energize a selected one of said radiation active
elements, timing means operatively connected to said main register
member for controlling the time that any selected ones of said
radiation active elements remains energized, and recirculation
means operatively associated with said main register to
periodically enable a shifting and recirculation of the bits
contained in said main register to thereby periodically shift the
bits contained in said register into said selected group of
multistable elements, said selector means being operatively
connected to said main register in such manner and being
operatively associated with said recirculation means to cause the
selector means to intermittently display the radiation active
elements on a consecutive basis as the bits in said main register
are introduced into the selected group of multistable elements.
17. A system for enabling consecutive intermittent display of
information through a plurality of radiation active elements and
where said radiation active elements have first terminals and
second terminals; said system comprising a register having a
plurality of multistable elements, input means operatively
associated with said register to introduce a plurality of bits
representative of a plurality of indicia, the number of bytes
capable of being held in said register being equal to the number of
radiation active elements capable of being energized, anode
energizable means operatively connected to the first terminal of
each said radiation active element, cathode energizable means
operatively connected to the second terminal of each said radiation
active element, means operatively associated with said register to
enable recirculation therein of the bits contained in said
register, selector means operatively connected to said register and
said anode energizable means and said cathode energizable means to
cause energization of selected ones of said radiation active
elements when a selected byte of bits is introduced from said input
means into a selected group of multistable elements in said
register, and shifting means operatively associated with said
register to periodically shift the bits contained therein to said
selected group of multistable elements, said shifting means also
being operatively associated with said selector means to cause the
selector means to intermittently display the radiation active
elements on a consecutive basis as the bits in said register are
introduced into said selected group of multistable elements.
18. The system of claim 1 further characterized in that the number
of multistable elements in said selected group of multistable
elements is equal to the number of bits in said selected byte.
19. The system of claim 17 further characterized in that said anode
energizable means comprises a plurality of anode drivers, the
number of which is equal to the number of radiation active elements
capable of being energized, and said cathode energizable means
comprises a plurality of cathode drivers, the number of which is
equal to the number of second terminals of each radiation active
element capable of being energized, said selector means comprising
an anode shift register operatively connected to said anode
drivers, and a decoder operatively connected to said anode drivers,
and a decoder operatively connected to said register and said
cathode drivers.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates in general to certain new and useful
improvements in electronic data processing systems, and more
particularly, to a data storage and retrieval system which is
capable of performing various arithmetic functions.
In recent years, there has been a widespread advance in data
processing technology and an attendant introduction of commercially
available data processing equipment. Many of these apparatus which
have been characterized as "desk model computers" are essentially
reduced versions of the larger digital computing equipment.
Interestingly, these so-called "desk model computers" are
accurately characterized as computers since they are subject to a
high purchase cost as well as a high operating cost which has
notoriously accompanied the larger version digital computer.
Unfortunately, most of the research and development activities in
the data processing area of technology have been concerned with
increased speed of operation, reduction of component size, and
increased versatility. While these research and development
activities have resulted in the introduction of a large number of
data processing equipment and has advanced the state of the art,
the equipment can generally be acquired by only large organizations
having sufficient capital to afford the cost of digital computing
equipment.
Digital computing equipment of this type is generally beyond the
need of most small business organizations as well as many of the
medium-sized business organizations. Smaller business organizations
typically do not require the wide degree of versatility which is
available in much of the commercially offered digital computing
equipment. Furthermore, and even more critical, the smaller
business organizations can ill afford the purchase price or lease
cost to obtain digital computing equipment as well as the
substantial cost of operating such equipment. Moreover, most of the
commercially available digital computing equipment requires the
employment of programming or so-called "software" for proper
operation of the equipment. The need for this software imposes an
additional financial burden on the small business organization
which may be required to obtain the services of a programmer.
Furthermore, each change in operating procedure of the business may
well necessitate the change in the computer program to conform to
the present business practices, and this, in turn, necessitates the
revision of the software.
Many small business organizations which could well use the
facilities of digital computing equipment such as in inventory
control or simple data storage and retrieval, have found that the
commercially available digital computing equipment was not
economically feasible for employment. Accordingly, many of the
business organizations which could effectively employ electronic
data systems have continued to use the well-known manual
recordkeeping systems.
The system of the present invention is quite unique in that it
serves as a means of storing and retrieving information on a
real-time basis. In problems such as inventory control and the
like, organizations have relied on commercially available digital
computing equipment. The extant computing equipment is quite
costly, not only in terms of the actual purchase or lease cost, but
in the attendant requirements for programming personnel, keypunch
personnel and skilled operators as well. The system of the present
invention resides in two self-contained units which require no
external programming and is designed to be operated by personnel
relatively unskilled in the computer arts. In addition, since the
claimed system does not require external programming, the design
and construction is relatively simplified when compared to extant
digital computing equipment and hence the cost of such system is
materially reduced.
The system of the present invention is capable of having
information introduced for further processing by direct key
actuation and hence is capable of handling this information on a
real time basis. The commercially available digital computing
systems would require programmed inputs such as by punched cards or
recorded magnetic tape, thereby effectively eliminating the
feasibility of handling information on a real time basis.
Furthermore, with the extant systems, the information to be
processed must be converted to a proper predetermined format for
computer acceptance. Since the system of the present invention is
designed for direct key actuation, no special information encoding
problems are encountered.
It is, therefore, the primary object of the present invention to
provide an electronic data processing system which is capable of
performing data storage and retrieval functions as well as
performing the various arithmetic functions on the stored data.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an
electronic data processing system of the type stated which is
constructed in such manner that it can be effectively operated
without the need of programming.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an
electronic data processing system of the type stated which
effectively serves as a small digital computer for purposes of
inventory control, stored credit information, and the like, and
which is capable of highly efficient and accurate operation.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide an
electronic data processing system of the type stated which can be
manufactured substantially on a mass-production basis at a
relatively low unit cost, thereby enabling the purchase of such
equipment by relatively small business organizations.
With the above and other objects in view, our invention resides in
the novel features of form, construction, arrangement and
combination of parts presently described and pointed out in the
claims.
FIGURES
In the accompanying drawings (12 sheets):
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of console unit forming part of an
electronic data processing apparatus constructed in accordance with
and embodying the present invention;
FIGS. 2a and 2b are composite schematic views illustrating the
various components forming part of the electronic data processing
apparatus, of which;
FIG. 2a is a schematic view of the electrical circuitry of the
console unit forming part of the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 2b is a schematic view of a central electronics unit forming
part of the electronic data processing apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the electrical circuitry employed
when multiple console units are interfaced with a single central
electronics unit;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the control panel forming part of a
console unit of a modified form of electronic data processing
apparatus constructed in accordance with and embodying the present
invention;
FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C and 5D are composite schematic views illustrating
the various components forming part of the modified form of
electronic data processing apparatus, of which;
FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C are a schematic view of the electrical
circuitry of the console unit forming part of the apparatus of FIG.
4;
FIG. 5D is a schematic view of a central electronics unit forming
part of the modified form of electronic data processing
apparatus;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the electrical circuitry employed
when multiple console units of FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C are interfaced
with a single central electronics unit of FIG. 5D;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a magnetic drum or disc
addressing scheme employed in the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a modified form of magnetic
disc or drum addressing scheme employed in the present
invention;
FIG. 9 is a composite diagramatic view consisting of FIGS. 9A-9H
and showing the temporal relationship of clocking and data pulses
used in high speed data transfer in the present invention, of
which:
FIG. 9A illustrates a series of three clock pulses as they leave
the central electronics unit;
FIG. 9B illustrates the series of the same three clock pulses as
they are received in temporal relationship at the console unit;
FIG. 9C illustrates the series of the same three clock pulses as
they clock data back to the central electronics unit in temporal
relationship;
FIG. 9D illustrates a pair of "1" data pulses and the desired
temporal relationship in which they should be received at the
central electronics unit from the console unit;
FIG. 9E illustrates the same pair of "1" data pulses and the timing
relationship with respect to the clock pulses in which the data
pulses are actually received at the central electronics units after
long cable transfer;
FIG. 9F illustrates a pair of early clock pulses as they leave the
central electronics unit and their temporal relationship with
respect to the normal clock pulses of FIG. 9A;
FIG. 9G illustrates a "1" data pulse and the timing relationship
with respect to the clock pulses in which the data pulse is
received at the central electronics unit with employment of early
clock pulses;
FIG. 9H illustrates an offset in the timing of the data pulse so
that it is received at the central electronics unit in such fashion
that the clock pulse starts one half the time length of a data
pulse later;
FIG. 10 is a composite view consisting of FIGS. 10A-10I and showing
the temporal relationship of data pulses in such fashion that two
sources cannot write in the same sector at the same time;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a 54 bit sector showing a portion of
the sector reserved for arithmetic data and a portion of the sector
reserved for accumulated data; and
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an optional electrical circuit which
can be used for both major display tubes and minor display
tubes.
DEFINITIONS
The recent advances in the field of cybernetics and more
particularly in the field of data processing has created a
condition of multiple uses of terms which has led to some
confusion. In view of the fact that there is no accurate
standardization of terms, the following definitions are set forth
for purposes of clarity. It should be recognized that these
definitions are only exemplary and, therefore, non-limiting.
As used herein:
Character -- a conventional or nonconventional mark, symbol, number
or digit such as a decimal digit or letter of the alphabet or
similar indicia.
Word -- one or more characters such as a group of decimal digits to
form a number, as for example, ten decimal digits may represent one
word.
Bit -- a binary element of a digital code where a group of binary
elements may represent a decimal digit or arabic or other character
and which is generated through conversion of a character to another
type of character system or language; as for example, for bits
generated from a decimal digit.
Reading -- the process of discerning and acquiring data from a
member (the term "reading" is generally applied in digital arts and
the term "reproducing" is generally applied in analog arts, but
have synonomous meanings herein).
Recording -- the process of registering data in some temporary,
permanent or semipermanent form (the term "recording" is generally
applied in analog arts and the term "writing" is generally applied
in digital arts, but have synonomous meanings herein).
Sector-- a space or location in a magnetic storage member, such as
disc or drum, reserved for recording of a predetermined number of
bits, as for example, a nine character alphanumeric 6-bit code
sector would contain 54 bit spaces.
Direct Addressing -- a process for recording a word or a portion
thereof in a magnetic memory, or retrieving such word or portion
thereof from such memory through defining the location, or by
defining the sectors of the memory which define such location, of
such word or portion thereof by directly recording bit combinations
representing such word or words or portions thereof in a particular
address location, or extracting the information therefrom by
defining the bit combinations representing the location of such
word or words in that particular address location.
Associative Addressing -- a process for recording a word or portion
thereof in a magnetic memory, or retrieving such word or portion
thereof from such memory through defining the location, or by
defining the sectors of the memory which define such location, of
such word or portion thereof by recording bit combinations unique
for each sector of the memory in order to acquire a pre-recorded
address and comparing such pre-recorded address during each word
time with the desired address and selecting such desired address
upon coincidence of comparison between the pre-recorded address and
the desired address.
Combination Associative-Direct Addressing -- a process for
recording a word having a locator portion and a descriptor portion
or a group of words with a locator portion and a descriptor portion
in a magnetic memory, or retrieving such word or words from such
memory by serially recording bit combinations for a locator portion
in a particular location of one sector of the memory thereby
defining a locator address, and recording bit combinations for a
descriptor portion in a particular location of another sector of
the memory and which location of the descriptor portion is related
to the locator portion in addressable manner thereby defining a
descriptor address; and retrieving such word or words by
associatively selecting the locator address of the locator and
directly selecting the descriptor address from the locator
address.
The remaining terms used herein are deemed to have their commonly
accepted art recognized meanings.
The term "data" is used in this specification refers to information
in general and also refers to a sector of data which is associated
with a part number address. However, in the included claims, the
term "data" is used in the generic sense to represent information
in any intelligible code and is not limited to sectors of data
representing information about any part number or address.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Generally speaking, the present invention provides a system
comprising both an apparatus and a method for achieving data
storage and retrieval and performing certain arithmetic functions
upon such data. Two embodiments of such apparatus and method which
operates on a modified associative addressing principle are
disclosed. The first of these embodiments employs a system which is
capable of handling numeric data, and the second of these
embodiments employs a system which is capable of handling
alpha-numeric data. Systems for interfacing a plurality of console
units to one central electronics unit is also provided. In another
mode of operation the system of the present invention operates on
the basis of a modified form of combination associative addressing
and direct addressing.
The first embodiment of the apparatus includes two principal units,
namely a console unit and a central electronics unit. The console
unit contains a keyboard having the digits 1-9, 0 and space. The
other major components in the console unit include a multipurpose
display shift register and parallel entry gates for entering
information from the keyboard into the display shift register. A
combination of an anode shift register along with anode drivers and
cathode drivers operate a bank of display tubes such as cold
cathode display tubes. These tubes each contain ten numerals, 1-9
and 0, so that upon proper energization, they are capable of
displaying any of the ten numerals, 0-9. In a deenergized state,
the tubes represent a "space" condition. A divide by four counter
as well as a BDC to line 10 decoder is provided in order to
circulate pulses through the display tubes.
The operator's panel or so-called "control panel" of the console
unit includes, in addition to the keyboard, a clear switch which is
capable of introducing a blank or space code into the display shift
register. In addition, the operator's panel includes a "read"
pushbutton switch, a write data pushbutton switch, a "write part
number" switch, and an "enable" switch. The write data switch and
the write part number switch are connected to and controllable by
the enable switch so that the former two switches cannot be
actuated without actuating the enable switch. The read switch is
connected in such manner that it is capable of reading data from
the memory section. The write data switch is connected in such
manner that it is capable of introducing part data into the memory
section. In like manner, the write part number switch is connected
in such manner that it is capable of writing part numbers in the
memory section.
Also mounted on the control panel is a digit change switch which is
associated with each of the nine display tubes, and accordingly
nine digit change switches are provided. In addition, a two-decade
thumbwheel digit switch is also mounted on the operator's panel in
order to provide for adding and subtracting data. In like manner,
an add pushbutton switch and a subtract pushbutton switch are
mounted on the operator's panel and are also connected to the
enable switch. In this manner, the enable switch must be actuated
before either an add or subtract function can take place. The
console unit also includes an enter shift register which is
operable with the digit decode, the parallel entry gates and the
display shift register. Furthermore, the console unit includes a
parallel to serial converter and a delay multivibrator, for reasons
which will presently more fully appear.
The second principal unit serves as a combination central
electronics-memory unit and which includes a memory section and an
electronics section. The memory section generally comprises a
magnetic drum having a series of circuits which are operable with
the drum; such as a sector clock amplifier, a write clock
amplifier, an index amplifier, a data clock amplifier, etc. The
drum is similar to conventional magnetic drums normally used in
digital computing equipment and has a plurality magnetic
record/reproduce heads for reading and writing on each track of the
drum and which heads are connected to a write enable circuit and an
NRZ input circuit. In addition, a track counter is provided for
selectively enabling the reading of the next adjacent track after
one track has been scanned.
The central electronics unit includes a read sequencer which is
connected to the read switch on the control panel and to the clear
switch on the control panel. The central electronics unit also
includes a write sequencer which is connected to the write data
switch and the write part number switch. The central electronics
unit additionally includes a serial BCD adder/subtractor which is
connected to the display shift register as well as the add/subtract
functions in the console unit. This adder/subtractor is capable of
performing the various arithmetic functions capable of being
accomplished by this apparatus. A search shift register is also
located in the central electronics and which is operable by two
sets of gates, the first of which is connected to the read
sequencer and the second of which is connected to a valid data
detector and a preamble one-shot. A bit counter is connected to the
search shift register through the first set of gates. Additional
components, such as clock switches, a preamble register, a sector
count module, and data flip-flops are also included in the central
electronics unit.
A series of transmitters and receivers are interposed between the
console unit and the central electronics-memory unit. The
transmitters are generally low impedance drivers capable of
supplying sufficient current to drive the line with which it is
associated when the line is loaded with its characteristic
impedance. The receivers employed are generally matched impedance
differential amplifiers with proper logic level outputs.
The central electronics section provides control of the memory
section under direction of the various switches on the control
panel. Furthermore, the addition and subtraction is performed in
the central electronics unit in the manner as previously described.
Power supplies may be properly installed in the central electronics
unit to provide the operating voltages necessary for the control
console, the various components in the central electronics unit as
well as the memory section which includes its own input/output
electronics.
Actuation of the clear switch on the control panel assures the
clearing of any remaining or extraneous data in the electronics
unit. When it is desired to enter a new part number into the memory
section, the part number representing an available part number
position in the memory section is introduced by proper actuation of
the keyboard to place the numbers representing this available
position in the display shift register. This same number will also
appear on the display tubes. The read switch is actuated to search
for and acquire this part number position which is again displayed
on the display tubes. The keys of the keyboard are again actuated
to introduce a desired new part number and the write part number
switch is then pressed after being enabled by the enable switch so
that this new part number may be entered into the memory section.
The part data associated with the new part number is also entered
by way of the keyboard and, furthermore, the part number and part
data are displayed on the control console for examination of
accuracy prior to recording in the memory section.
A four bit BCD code is used to represent one integer of the decimal
system. For a 9 integer part number, a sector of 36 bits is used to
represent the 9 decimal digit part number. This initial 36 bits
representative of the part number is followed by an additional
sector of 36 bits which provides part data relating to that part
number. Accordingly, an associative type of addressing is employed,
in that, data relating to a particular part number is recorded in
the memory section by reference to the part number.
If it is desired to change a particular part number, the part
number is introduced into the display shift register by means of
the keyboard. In the present invention, the particular part number
is a locator and could represent a name, account number of the
like. The concept of "part number" and "part data" associated with
the part number is more fully described in detail hereinafter. The
read button is actuated so that a search for this part number may
be initiated. This search will occur in the search shift register
by comparing the addressed part numbers in the memory section with
the part number which has been introduced into the display shift
register. The new part number is then introduced into the display
shift register by way of the keyboard. In like manner, part data
associated with the new part number may also be introduced into the
apparatus. The write part number switch is actuated to introduce
the part number into the memory section. Furthermore, the write
data switch is actuated after introduction of the part data into
the display shift register for recording this part data in the
memory section. Comparison is then performed with information
contained in the memory section.
During the search of the memory section, information on successive
tracks of the drum is compared with the part number introduced into
the display shift register and ultimately transferred to the search
shift register. The output of the search shift register and the
information read from the memory section are compared in a
comparator circuit. Correlation of address information present in
the search shift register with corresponding address information
from the drum enables the comparator circuit to generate an output
which is anded with a sector clock output causing the display shift
register to retain the subsequent sector of data. The desired data
word is stored in the display shift register and caused to be
illustrated by the display shift register.
If it is desired to change the data associated with a particular
part number, the part number which has been previously stored in
the memory section is found in the manner as previously described
by introducing the number into the display shift register and
finding comparison with the addressed part number through the
search shift register.
Arithmetic functions can be performed through the use of the
thumbwheel switches provided on the control panel. For example, if
it is desired to subtract a number from a portion of the data
digit, this number is introduced by means of the thumbwheel
switches. The subtract switch on the control panel is actuated for
entering a BCD equivalent of the decimal digits to be subtracted.
Subtraction of these decimal digits from the data is then performed
and the difference is recorded in the memory section. After the
recording is completed, the data is received from the memory
section and sent to the display tubes through the display shift
register for examination. Addition may be performed in a similar
fashion except that the add switch on the control panel is actuated
in place of the subtract switch.
An alternate means of changing the data associated with a part
number is by use of nine pushbutton-operated change digit switches
which are located beneath each of the nine display tubes. For this
method, the subject part number is entered into the search shift
register, and the disc location is determined as explained above.
The data thus displayed may be altered by simultaneously depressing
the change digit pushbutton switch located beneath the digit to be
changed, and the desired keyboard key. The digit then changes to
the keyboard numeral. This process is repeated for the remaining
digits requiring alteration. When the desired digit changes have
been made, the new information is entered into the memory by
actuating the write data switch.
It is possible to connect a plurality of console units to one
central electronics unit so that each of the console units are
individually capable of receiving data from the central electronics
unit as well as adding and subtracting to the part data contained
in the memory section of the central electronics unit. In this
system, the switch circuits of each of the console units, namely
the read circuit, the write data circuit, the write part number
circuit, the subtract circuit and the add circuit are connected to
an OR gate structure. In addition, console data and add-subtract
data from each console unit are connected to the OR gate structure,
which is in turn connected to the central electronics unit. Each of
the console units receive memory data and memory clock pulses from
the central electronics without interposition of the OR gating
structure.
This system also employs a console switching circuit which receives
transfer information from the console and provides data transfer
information to each of the consoles. Furthermore, a console inhibit
circuit is employed which receives clear pulses from each of the
console units and a busy signal pulse from the console switching
circuit. The console units are arranged in such a manner that the
console data and add and subtract data are all zeroes except when
data transfer is initiated. Actuation of any of the switch circuits
on any particular console unit will inhibit any other console unit
from operating the central electronics unit until the clear switch
on the console unit accessing the central electronics unit has been
actuated. Actuation of the clear switch on the last named console
unit will release the control switching circuit and thereby enable
other console units to access the central electronics unit.
An apparatus of the present invention is also capable of handling
alpha-numeric data and also contains two major units, namely a
console unit and a central electronics unit. The console unit of
the alpha-numeric apparatus is capable of handling 40 distinct
characters which may be introduced by keyboard and is transferred
to a six bit encoder for generating six bits for each character
introduced into the apparatus. The console unit also includes a 54
bit console register which similarly serves a plurality of
functions. In addition, the console unit is capable of introducing
data to perform arithmetic functions such as addition and
subtraction. A read switch and write data switch are also employed
in the same manner as the numeric apparatus. For purposes of
performing the addition and subtraction, an add switch and subtract
switch are provided. A two-decade thumbwheel digit switch is also
provided in order to introduce the data to be subtracted from or
added to part number data.
The console unit of the alpha-numeric apparatus includes a write
part number switch as well as a change part number switch. In the
numeric apparatus, an adress in which a new part number could be
entered was located by searching for an all zero address. The
alpha-numeric apparatus is provided with a zeroes locator which
automatically searches the memory section for an empty address
sector. The console unit also includes a space code generator which
is capable of generating spaces in the console register upon
actuation of a clear switch. Furthermore, the console unit includes
nine display tubes which may be energized for visually displaying
in alpha-numeric format, the bit information which is contained in
the console register. Actuation of the clear switch introduces all
spaces into the console register as previously described.
Accordingly, writing of part data or part numbers into the console
register actually causes a writing over the spaces. It should be
recognized that the space which is introduced in the form of a six
bit byte is recognized by the memory section as six bits and is as
valid to the memory section as any other byte of six informational
bits. However, since the alpha-numeric unit operates on a six bit
basis, these bits are decoded on the output of the console register
into a 13 bit data format in order to energize 13 segment display
tubes. These segments in the display tubes will form the various
characters in alpha-numeric form for display purposes. The
alpha-numeric apparatus also employs an anode register along with
the six bit to 13 segment decode circuit in order to energize
selected display tubes.
The console unit also includes a comparator circuit which is
connected to the zeroes locator for selecting a proper sector in
the memory section in which a part number can be written.
Furthermore, the console unit includes a sector counter operable
with a part number/part data flip-flop. In addition, the console
unit includes a write sequencer and a read sequencer.
The alpha-numeric apparatus of the present invention operates on
the basis of a combination associative and direct addressing
principle. As indicated previously, when it is desired to introduce
a new part number into the memory section, an all zeroes sector of
the memory is located and the part number is introduced into this
all zeroes sector. When it is desired to reacquire this part number
and/or the data associated therewith, the part number is introduced
into the console unit by means of the keyboard and an associative
search of the memory section is performed until the then recorded
part number is located. The part data is directly addressable with
respect to the part number. The data may be recorded in the same
track of the drum and in a sector of this track which is related in
time and space to the part number.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the part data
is preferably located in a track which differs from the track
containing the part numbers. For this purpose, the console unit is
provided with a change track sequencer. The change track sequencer
in the console unit will command a track jump operation to the
central electronics unit at a prescribed time. In essence, when the
associative search reveals the part number, the change track
sequencer will cause the central electronics to select the read
head for an adjacent track in order to acquire the data associated
with the particular part number. Again the data is located in both
a predetermined time and distance relationship with respect to the
part number. Thus, if the data is located in the next adjacent
track to the track containing the part number, the data is
generally located two sectors after the part number in such
adjacent track.
The console unit also includes a redundant address inhibit circuit
which prevents the same part number address from being recorded
twice in the memory section. In addition, the console unit also
includes an early clock sequencer which sends out clock pulses on a
basis to introduce information to and from the memory section on a
proper time basis. When high speed transfers over long transfer
lines is involved, the data from the console unit may arrive at the
memory section at a time equivalent to several clock pulses later
than the time in which the data should arrive. The early clock
system of the present invention obviates this problem. The
remainder of the operation of the console unit is somewhat similar
to the operation of the console unit in the numeric apparatus.
The electronics unit in the alpha-numeric apparatus differs
somewhat from the electronics unit in the numeric apparatus. In the
alpha-numeric apparatus, the memory address register is no longer
employed. The console register maintains its own addressing
function. Furthermore, when a plurality of console units are
employed, each individual console unit is capable of reading
simultaneously to search for its own address. In the numeric
apparatus, data transfer signals were received in the console unit
from the read and the write sequencers which enabled the console to
transmit data. In the alpha-numeric apparatus, the central
electronics unit sends data to the console unit at all times,
except during portions of a write operation. However, in each of
the apparatus, sector clock pulses are received only from the
memory section of the electronics unit.
The electronics unit also includes the major components such as a
serial BCD adder/subtracter and a nines complement generator, the
latter enabling subtraction functions. In addition, the preamble
register is provided for adding a preamble and postamble to the
part numbers and part data to be written on the drum. The circuitry
of the central electronics unit is materially simplified in the
alpha-numeric apparatus.
When it is desired to read a part number included in the memory
section or to read the part data associated with that part number
in the memory section, the part number is introduced into the
console register by means of the keyboard. Read information has
been continually received by the console unit at all times.
Accordingly, when the read switch is actuated, comparison with part
numbers in the memory section can be made serially on a bit-by-bit
basis. Information from the console register is transmitted into
the comparator for this comparison function. A comparison will
exist only at sector time and if comparison did exist, then it is
apparent that the next sector in sequence contains part data
associated with the part number. A modulo n557 counter (where n is
the number of tracks on the drum) is provided to retain the drum
location from which the part data was removed. The counter is
initialized on each count of n557 in order to determine the address
of this particular sector of part data. The part data information
is then introduced into the console and is circulated six bits at a
time.
To change a part number, the existing part number is introduced
into the console register by means of the keyboard. The change part
number switch is then actuated and this, in turn, will deenergize
the display during the searching for the existing part number.
After the part number is found from the memory section, the sector
counter is set. At this time, the display tubes remain
extinguished. A new part number is then introduced by means of the
keyboard and the change part number button is again actuated. This
latter operation automatically enters the new part number on the
drum using the sector counter to determine the proper drum
location. In order to write a new part number, the number is
introduced and the write new part number switch is actuated. The
zeroes locator serves to select a part number location with all
zeroes and the part number is subsequently recorded in this
location. The part data/part number flip-flop essentially keeps
track of the sectors which contain part numbers and the sectors
which contain part data. The central electronics unit of the
alpha-numeric apparatus also includes a track jump sequencer which
operates in conjunction with the change track sequencer of the
console unit. These two sequencers in combination enable the unique
combination associative-direct addressing system used in the
present invention. An accumulated data sequencer and an accumulated
data storage register is also included in the central electronics
unit for the purposes of accumulating certain of the data included
in the data sectors over periodic time intervals.
The present invention also provides a circuit for employing a
plurality of alpha-numeric console units with one central
electronics unit. This system includes a gating structure for
introducing add-subtract data, console data, write and add/subtract
functions into a central electronics unit. Outputs from the central
electronics unit which include sector clock pulses, index clock
pulses, read clock pulses, write clock pulses and memory data are
all transmitted simultaneously to the various console units.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A NUMERIC DATA SYSTEM
Referring now in more detail and by reference characters to the
drawings which illustrate practical embodiments of the present
invention, A designates an electronic data processing apparatus
which generally comprises a console unit C and a central
electronics unit E which includes a memory section M. The console
unit C which is illustrated in FIG. 2A is provided for removable
attachment and connection to the central electronics unit E, the
latter being illustrated in FIG. 2B. It can thus be seen that
terminal connectors may be provided on the console unit which may
be located in a separate housing from the central electronics unit
E for attachment to a like terminal on the central electronics unit
E. Accordingly, it can be seen that a plurality of console units C
can be conveniently connected to one central electronics unit E. In
like manner, it should be observed that both the console unit C and
the central electronics unit E can be conveniently mounted in one
housing as a unitary assembly.
The console unit C, which is functionally illustrated in FIG. 2A,
generally comprises an outer housing 1, which is provided with an
upwardly inclined control panel 2 and a somewhat vertically located
display panel 3, in the manner as illustrated in FIG. 1. The
housing may be provided with removable closure plates (not shown)
for providing access to the interior thereof, or the housing may be
disposed upon and shiftable with respect to a base plate. Any
suitable lightweight metal or moldable plastic material may be used
in formation of the housing 1. The display panel 3 is cut away in
the provision of a display aperture 4 to accommodate nine or more
cold cathode display tubes 5.
Located on the control panel 2 is a keyboard entry block 6 having
11 keys 7 labeled 0 and 1 through 9 and "space" for purposes of
introducing information such as part numbers and part data into the
apparatus A. A suitable switch (not shown) which may form part of,
or may be associated with each key 7 is connected to a diode matrix
8 which generally has a series of diodes connected in such fashion
as to generate a BCD code equivalent to a decimal digit system.
Accordingly, actuation of any one of the keys 7 representing a
decimal digit will cause the generation of 4 bits in the BCD code
to represent that decimal digit. The diode matrix 8 which is used
for generating the BCD code is well within the design purview of
the skilled artisan and is therefore neither illustrated nor
described in any furter detail herein.
A "clear" switch 9, a "read" switch 10, and "add" switch 11, a
"subtract" switch 12, a "write part number" switch 13, a "write
data" switch 14, and an "enable" switch 15 are all mounted on the
control panel 2 in the manner as illustrated in FIG. 1. Each of
these aforesaid switches, with the exception of the enable switch
15, are pushbutton switches and are capable of being pressed for
actuation and which are biased to return to the deactuated
condition. The enable switch 15 is an alternate action type switch
and is operatively connected to the write part number switch 13,
the write data switch 14, as well as the add switch 11, and the
subtract switch 12 in order to enable actuation of these latter
four switches in a manner to be described hereinafter. Thus, in
order to actuate any of the four aforesaid switches, it is first
necessary to actuate the enable switch 15. The various switches
9-15 all internally contain lights, such as small conventional
incandescent bulbs so that the face of the switch will be
light-displayed when the switch is ready for actuation. When the
enable switch 15 is actuated and illuminated, the other switches
such as the add switch 11, the subtract switch 12, the write part
number switch 13, and the write data switch 14 are illuminated and
may be actuated.
By further reference to FIG. 2A, it can be seen that the diode
matrix 8 is provided with four exit lines 16 which are connected to
parallel entry gates 17 and one line 18 which is connected to a
delay 19 such as a one-shot. The four entry lines 16 are labeled
"one," "two," "four," and "eight," which is representative of the
BCD code bits transmitted to the parallel entry gates 17. The clear
switch 9 also is connected along with the "two" and "eight" entry
lines 16 to the parallel entry gates 17 through OR gates 18' in the
manner as illustrated. The clear switch 9 employs a slightly
modified form of BCD code, which uses a blank data position. For
example, a BCD code of eight, four, two, one would have a blank
position represented by 1010.
The parallel entry gates 17 are connected to a display shift
register 20 by means of eight transference lines in the manner as
illustrated in FIG. 2A. It should also be observed that the clear
switch 9, keyboard 6, the read switch 11, the write data switch 14,
the write part number switch 13, the enable switch 15, the add
switch 11 and the subtract switch 12 are all available for
operation inputs. The display shift register 20 is a circulating
shift register and serves at least three major functions which are
described hereinafter in more detail. The shift register 20
contains 36 serially connected bistable multivibrators (flip-flops)
21 so that the shift register 20 is capable of holding 36 bits of
information at any point in time.
As indicated previously, information in decimal digit form is
introduced into the apparatus through the keyboard 6 in BCD format.
Actually, the apparatus is capable of handling information about a
particular item such as a part number, and additional information,
e.g. part data, regarding that part number. Accordingly, a first
sector of 36 bits is generated to identify a particular part
number. An additional sector of 36 bits is also generated and this
latter sector includes a part data information about that part
number.
The term "part number" as used herein represents a sector of a
known number of bits, e.g. for the numeric apparatus -- 36 bits,
and for the alpha-numeric apparatus -- 54 bits, and which sector of
bits contains information identifying a particular good, item,
service, or other element capable of being identified and
addressed. However, the presently described embodiments of the
present invention refers to such identified and addressed element
as a "part number."
The term "part data" as used herein represents a sector of a known
number of bits, e.g. for the numeric apparatus -- 36 bits, and for
the alpha-numeric apparatus -- 54 bits, and which sector of bits
contains information relating to a part number identified by the
preceding sector of a known number of part number bits. The term
"data" is used in its generic sense to represent a sector of a
known number of bits, e.g. for the numeric apparatus -- 36 bits,
and for the alpha-numeric apparatus -- 54 bits, and which bit
contains useful information. Accordingly, a "data" sector of bits
may represent a part number, part data or other allied
information.
It should be recognized that while the present invention has been
described in terms of apparatus for storing part numbers and
respective data about those part numbers, that other types of
information could be stored as well. For example, the first 36 bits
could be used to represent an account number such as a credit card
account number. The additional sector of 36 bits would then provide
information about that particular account number. However, for
purposes of illustrating and describing the present invention, the
apparatus will be described in terms of storing and operating upon
part numbers and part data associated with such part numbers.
Naturally, if other types of information is to be stored, the
nomenclature on the various pushbutton switches located on the
control panel 2 would be altered accordingly.
For example, it could be assumed that the second sector of 36 bits
representing part data about a part number (9 decimal digits
representing part data about the part number) will include 3
decimal digit positions for providing inventory quantity. The last
3 decimal digits of the decimal digit information, which is the
least significant 3 digits, will represent such inventory data. The
other 6 decimal digit positions can then be used in coded form to
represent the name of the particular supplier, price, or location
of the inventory, etc.
The output of the clear switch 9 is connected to one input of the
parallel entry gates 17 and another input to the parallel entry
gates 17 is received from an AND gate 22, the latter also having an
input from the delay 19. Furthermore, the output of the clear
switch 9 is connected in OR fashion with the "2" and "8" input
lines 16 from the diode matrix 8 to the parallel entry gates 17 in
the manner as previously described. The output of the display shift
register 20 is connected to a plurality of serial gates 23, the
output of which is, in turn, connected to the input of the display
shift register 20 in order to enable recirculation through the
display shift register 20.
The console unit C also includes an anode shift register 24 having
9 serially connected flip-flops 25. The anode shift register 24 is
provided with 9 output lines which are connected to the inputs of 9
anode drivers 26 forming part of an anode driving circuit 27. The
output of each flip-flop 25 in the anode shift register 24 is
individually connected to a single anode driver 26 in the anode
driver circuit 27. In like manner, the anode driver circuit 27 has
9 outputs which are each individually connected to the anode of one
of the 9 display tubes 5. The anode shift register 24 also has 9
outputs which are connected to a digit decode circuit 28, the
latter having an output which is connected to one of the input
terminals of the AND gate 22. The display shift register 20 also
includes 4 outputs from the last four flip-flops 21 representing
the least significant bit positions, in the manner as illustrated
in FIG. 2A, and which outputs are connected to a BCD to 10 line
decode circuit 29. The decode circuit 29, in turn, has 10 output
lines which are each individually connected to one of 10 cathode
drivers 30 in a cathode driving circuit 31. The cathode driving
circuit 31, in like manner, has 10 outputs which are each
individually connected to the like cathodes of the 9 display tubes
5 in parallel. For example, the O cathode output of the driving
circuit 31 is connected to the "0" cathode of all of the display
tubes 5, the "1" cathode output of the circuit 31 is connected to
the "1" cathode of all of the display tubes 5, the "2" cathode
output of the circuit 31 is connected to the "2" cathode of all of
the display tubes 5, etc.
Also mounted on the control panel 2 in proximate relationship to
the display tubes 5 and 9 digit change pushbutton-type switches or
so-called "edit switches" 32, each one of which is associated with
a particular display tube 5. Thus, in order to change any
individual number appearing in any display tube 5, it is possible
to merely press the switch 32 associated with such tube 5
simultaneously with the desired keyboard key 7. The digit change
switches 32 each have an output which is connected to the digit
decode circuit 28.
A two decade thumbwheel digit switch 33 is also mounted on the
control panel 2 in the manner as illustrated in FIG. 2A, and
actually consists of 2 sets of thumbwheels which are rotatable to
the desired decimal digit position. The decimal digits are suitably
imprinted on the peripheral surface of the two thumbwheels forming
part of the switch 33. The digit switches 33 can actually be set on
any decimal digit from 0 and 1 and 9. The thumbwheel digit switches
33 are useful in performing the arithmetic functions, such as
addition and subtraction. If it is desired to subtract one number
from part data, for example, this number is introduced into the
apparatus through the thumbwheel switches 33. In like manner,
addition of a number to a portion of the data is introduced by
means of the thumbwheel switches 33. It should be recognized that
any desired number of decoders could be used in the thumbwheel
digit switches 33. Furthermore, it should also be understood that
key operated switches or other switch-input means could be employed
in place of the thumbwheel digit switches.
The console unit C also includes an enter shift register 34 formed
of 9 serially connected flip-flops 34'. The outputs of each of the
flip-flops 34' are also connected to the digit decode circuit 28 in
the manner as illustrated in FIG. 2A. The enter shift register 34
also has one input received from the delay 19 and another input
which is connected to the clear switch 9 and a further input from
the read switch 10, for reasons which will presently more fully
appear.
The output of the thumbwheel switches 33 is connected to a parallel
to serial converter 35, the latter also receiving an input from the
anode shift register 25 and a data transfer information input from
the central electronics unit E on a DX line. The converter 35 also
receives an input from an AND gate 35 which in turn, receives data
transfer information over the DX line and memory clock information
over an MC line from the central electronics unit E in a manner to
be hereinafter described in detail. The output of the AND gate 35'
is connected to an OR gate 36 which is, in turn, connected to the
display shift register 20 in the manner as illustrated in FIG. 2A.
A delay multivibrator 37 is included in the console unit C and
receives a data transfer information input from the central
electronics unit E and has an output connected to the gates 23. The
multivibrator 37 has another output connected to an AND gate 38,
and the other input of which receives memory clock information from
the central electronics unit E over the MC line. The output of the
AND gate 38 is "ored" with the output of the AND gate 35' at the OR
gate 36, and the output of the AND gate 38 is also connected to a
divide by four counter 39. It can be seen that the divide by four
counter 39, is in turn, connected to the input of the anode shift
register 24.
The anode drivers 26 in the anode driving circuit 27 actually serve
as level converters receiving inputs from the nine bit anode shift
register 24. As previously indicated, the display shift register 20
with the attendant gates 23 actually serves as a circulating shift
register, where bits are sequentially shifted in a clockwise
position, reference being made to FIG. 2A. Each time the display
shift register 20 is shifted four bit positions, four new bits will
be located in the last four stages of the shift register, and these
four bits describe the next decimal digit to be displayed. The BCD
to 10-line decode circuit 29 examines these four bits and
determines which decimal digit numeral these four bits may
represent. At this point, it can be observed that the anode shift
register 24 has been shifted one bit, thus energizing the required
display tube anode. Furthermore, the four bits have been decoded to
10 bits through the BCD to 10 line decode circuit 29 in order to
represent one of the 10 decimal digit numbers.
All of the 0 cathodes of each of the display tubes are connected to
one cathode driver. Thus, if the four bits shifted into the
rightmost four bit position of the display shift register 20 were
zeroes, the four bits would, in fact, decode as a zero.
Furthermore, the selected cathode driver resulting from this
examination of the zero would be switched to a ground condition.
All bits in the anode shift register 24 are permitted to circulate
and one true bit will cause a selected anode driver to be driven
from a 0 voltage state to a 170-230 volt state. As indicated, only
one of the 9 anode drivers 26 in the anode driving circuit 27 will
be energized at any one point in time. Accordingly, if a zero was
being examined, a zero in the display tube will be illuminated for
a time determined by the delay multivibrator 37. The display shift
register 20 again causes a shifting of four bits to the right.
These four bits are reduced to one bit by the divide by four
counter 29 and shift the anode shift register 24 one bit. The
proper anode driver 26 along with a corresponding cathode is
selected and the next tube 5 is, in turn, energized to its proper
numeric display when the anode driver has been energized to a
170-230 volt state.
Since the anode shift register 24 has 9 stages, each stage of this
register 24 will represent 1 digit. The last stage, that is the
right hand stage, as illustrated in FIG. 2A, will represent the
least significant digit. One of the stages in the anode shift
register 24 will be true when the four bits representative of this
stage are located in the anode shift register 24. Accordingly, all
transfers will take place with the least significant bit first.
Furthermore, when the particular stage is true, the data contained
in the display shift register 20 is serially aligned with the least
significant bit in the first position. The output of this stage is
then transferred to the central electronics unit E in a manner to
be hereinafter described in more detail.
As indicated previously, the keyboard 6 contains eleven key
operated switches 7 which are used to enter information into the
display shift register 20 through the parallel entry gates 17. The
diode matrix 8 codes the decimal digit input into BCD format so
that the bits of this BCD code are all strobed into the parallel
entry gates 17. By reference to FIG. 2A, it can be observed that
the four lines 16 extend from the diode matrix 8 to the parallel
entry gates 17 and represent the four bits of the BCD code. In
addition, a strobe line 18 extends from the diode matrix 8 to the
delay 19. By reference to FIG. 2A, it can be seen that only four
lines 16 are illustrated as extending from the diode matrix 8 to
the parallel entry gate 17; but in actuality, 8 wires extend from
the diode matrix 8 to the gate 17 since 4 of these wires are the
complements of the 4 wires 16 as illustrated. These complements are
needed for proper entry of the BCD data into the flip-flops
contained in the parallel entry gates 17.
Typically, the keys 7 of the type normally employed in the keyboard
6 will bounce for a few milliseconds when actuated due to the
elasticity of the metal-metal contact in the switches. Each key
will be capable of rendering a 5-volt output when it is actuated.
Accordingly, a 12 millisecond delay is created by the delay 19
before an output from the diode matrix 8 is rendered in order to
provide sufficient time to eliminate any rebound vibration
resulting from bouncing effects in the keys 7. An output strobe
from the diode matrix 8 will thereupon permit entry of this data
into the parallel entry gates 17.
The enter shift register 34 contains 9 stages 34' as previously
expressed. Initially, upon actuation of any key 7, it is desired to
have the most significant digit represented by that key to light up
in the display tube 5. Upon actuation of a key 7, 4 bits
representing a digit are entered into the display shift register
20. Each time a key 7 is actuated, the digits shift or "step-down."
At this juncture, it is to be noted that the outputs of the anode
shift register 24 are connected to the digit decode circuit 28. The
bits which have been entered into the display shift register 20 are
essentially circulating once every 100 microseconds for 4
microseconds.
Prior to the entry of any new part number address into the shift
register 20, the clear switch 17 is actuated and, hence, the shift
register 20 will contain all blank spaces of a blank space code.
When any one of the keys 7 is actuated, four bits representing the
most significant character, that is the first character or leftmost
character of the nine characters, are generated in the diode matrix
8 and entered into the entry gates 17. By reference to FIG. 2A, it
can be seen that the entry gates have eight lines, and these eight
lines are connected to opposite inputs of the last four flip-flops
21 of the display shift register 20. As indicted, these four bits
initially represent the most significant character of the nine
characters which are entered into the display shift register 20.
Inasmuch as the bits which are entered into the shift register 20
are continually circulating, the bits representing each of the nine
characters will be ultimately entered into the last four flip-flops
21 of the shift register 20.
The anode shift register 24 is also provided with a recirculating
line 24' so that the nine bits contained in the anode shift
register 24 are continually circulating. However, only one stage
(anode driver 25) can be true at any point in time. The first anode
driver 25 (that is the driver 25 located on the left end position
of the anode shift register 24) represents the most significant
stage. As indicated previously, the four bits which represent the
most significant character were entered into the parallel entry
gates 17. These four bits are only entered into the last four
flip-flops 21 of the display shift register 20 when the most
significant stage (driver 25) of the anode shift register 24 is
true.
Actuation of a second key 7 on the keyboard 6 will generate four
more bits which will also enter through the parallel entry gates 17
into the last flip-flops 21 of the shift register 20 when the
second anode driver 25 is rendered true. This sequence continually
takes place until all desired bits have been entered into the
display shift register 20 from the keyboard 6 through selective
shifting of the true stage of the anode shift register 24.
Each time that a key 7 on the keyboard 6 is released a strobe from
the diode matrix 8 through the delay 19 is entered into the enter
shift register 34, thereby causing successive stages to the right
to be rendered true in the enter shift register 34. After the ninth
key 7 has been actuated, it is impossible to introduce any further
characters into the display shift register 20 inasmuch as the enter
shift register 34 is only capable of shifting to nine successive
stages 34'. The digit decode circuit 28 advises when the four bits
of interest are in the proper stages (flip-flops 21) of the display
shift register 20, by comparing the location of the true bit in the
anode shift register 24 with the required bit location as defined
by the position of the true bit in the enter shift register 34.
When a key 7 is actuated, a pulse is generated for the length of
time that the four bits of interest are in the four least
significant stages of the anode shift register 24. When the
corresponding stages of the enter shift register 34 and the anode
shift register 24 contain a bit at coincident times, as compared by
the digit decode circuit 28, a pulse will be generated by the digit
decode circuit 28. This pulse from the digit decode circuit 28
lasts for approximately 100 microseconds. Each time the four bits
that correspond to the enter decimal digit are located in the last
four flip-flops of the anode shift register 24 and the last four
stages of the enter shift register 34, a pulse will be generated by
the circuit 28 enabling display through the display tubes 5.
The delay multivibrator 37 provides for a 100 microsecond delay
after the strobing of a display tube 5 so that each display tube 5
remains energized for the 100 microseconds. Thereafter, four new
bits representing a decimal digit character are shifted in the
display shift register 20 and a new decimal digit character
representing the next four least significant bits is displayed on
the display tubes 5. As four bits are shifted into the last four
bit position of the display shift register 20, these four bits are
also presented to the BCD to 10 line decoder 29 in order to provide
for energization of a new cathode driver 30 in the cathode driving
circuit 31. Simultaneously therewith, shifting will also occur in
the anode shift register 24. However, as shifting occurs by four
bit positions in the display shift register 20, shifting in the
anode shift register 24 will occur for one bit position by virtue
of the divide by four counter 39. Upon completion of the shifting
in the display shift register 20 and the anode shift register 24, a
signal is transmitted to the delay multivibrator 37 to permit a 100
microsecond delay, thereby permitting each display tube 5 to be
energized for 100 microseconds in consecutive display order. It
should be observed that the proper display tube 5 will be energized
upon shifting of a particular cathode driver 30 and a particular
anode driver 26 to the energized position.
By reference to the composite views of FIGS. 2A and 2B, it can be
seen that the console unit C can be removably connected to the
central electronics unit E. Furthermore, a plurality of console
units C can be connected to and operable from one central
electronics unit E in a manner to be hereinafter described in more
detail. In the event that more than one console unit C is employed,
the various console units will contain a lamp 40 labeled "busy
lamp" and which is located on the control panel 2. However, it
should be recognized that the lamp 40 could be included in any one
of the pushbutton switches such as the read switch 10. The busy
lamp 40 is essentially only connected to a multiplexer used with
multiple console units through a plus 20 volt power switching line.
This plus 20 volt power switching line is connected to the
multiplexer as illustrated in FIG. 3, the latter to be hereinafter
described in more detail. This busy lamp 40 will provide indication
of use of the central electronics unit E by other remotely located
console units C.
The central electronics unit E also has a number of connectors
which terminate at contacts on a terminal board 41 as illustrated
in FIG. 2B. The contacts on the terminal board 41 are compatible
with mating lines from the console unit C which are connected to
contacts on a suitable terminal board 42, as illustrated in FIG.
2A. Thus, it should be recognized that the console unit C and the
central electronics unit E can be conveniently formed as a unitary
assembly in the housing 1 as illustrated in FIG. 1. Furthermore,
these units can be formed as two distinct and separable units which
are capable of removable connection to each other.
In order to view the composite view of FIGS. 2A and 2B, as a
unitary circuit, it is only necessary to envision a connection of
the various contacts presented in the terminal boards 41 and 42 as
presented in FIGS. 2B and 2A, respectively. The console unit C
includes a transfer line designated as XF which is connected to the
anode shift register 24, and which is, in turn, capable of
connection to the central electronics unit E. The console unit C
also includes a memory data line designated as MD and which is
connected to an input of the serial gates 23, and which is also
connected to the central electronics unit E. A console data line
designated as CD is connected to one output of the display shift
register 20 and is connected to the central electronics unit E.
Furthermore, the console unit C includes the data transfer line
designated as DX which is connected to the central electronics unit
E and which is connected to an input of the delay multivibrator 37
serving as an inhibit to the delay multivibrator 37. The data
transfer line DX is also connected to the parallel to serial
converter 35 as indicated previously for purposes of initiating
conversion on a clock time basis. The data transfer line DX is also
connected to the AND gate 35' so that information on the memory
data line MD can be entered into the shift register 20.
The console unit C also includes the memory clock line designated
as MC which is connected to the central electronics unit E and to
one input of the AND gate 35'. It can be seen by reference to FIG.
2A that one input of the AND gate 38 is also connected to the
memory clock line MC. Furthermore, the other input of the AND gate
35' is connected to the data transfer line DX. The output of the
AND gate 35' is connected to the OR gate 36 all in the manner as
previously described.
The output of the read switch 10 is transmitted over a read request
line designated as RRQ which is, in turn, provided for connection
to the central electronics unit E. In like manner, the output of
the write data switch 14 is transmitted to a write data line
designated as WD and which is also provided for connection to the
central electronics unit E. Furthermore, the clear switch 9 has an
output line designated as CL and the write part number switch 13
has a write part number output line designated as WPN which are
both provided for connection to the central electronics unit E.
These latter groups of switches, namely the clear switch 9, the
read switch 10, the write data switch 14, and the write part number
switch 13, are all provided for adding information to or retrieving
information from the memory section M forming part of the central
electronics unit E.
The add switch 11 has an output line designated ADD and the
subtract switch 12 has an output line designated SUB, and both such
lines are provided for connection to the central electronics unit
E. Furthemore, the parallel to serial converter 34 has an output
line designated as ASD representing "add-subtract data" and which
is provided for connection to the central electronics unit E.
By reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B, it can be seen that the outputs of
the console unit C are provided with transmitters 43 prior to
connection to the contracts on the terminal board 42. In like
manner, the respective compatible lines on the central electronics
unit E which receive the outputs from the console unit C are
provided with receivers 44. Furthermore, the outputs of the central
electronics unit E are provided with transmitters 45 prior to
connection to the contacts on the terminal board 41. In like manner
the respective compatible lines in the console unit C which receive
these outputs from the central electronics unit E are provided with
receivers 46. By reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B it can be observed
that each transmitter 43 and 45 has paired output lines and each
receiver 44 and 46 has paired input lines. Furthermore, the paired
output and input lines are shielded and the shields are
grounded.
It should be recognized that the various lines connecting the
console unit C and the central electronics unit E contain data for
high-speed transfer and these lines may have considerable length.
For example, a clock pulse from the memory section M must travel
the distance to the display shift register 20 and back to the
memory section M on the basis of a high-speed operation. However,
the lines carrying these data contain relatively low logic levels.
Accordingly, the transmitters 43, 45 are low impedance drivers
which are capable of supplying sufficient current to drive the
lines when loaded with their characteristic impedance levels. The
receivers 44, 46 are differential amplifiers with logic level
outputs.
The central electronics unit E comprises a search shift register 50
is controlled by a plurality of input gates 51, and receives
console data from the output of the display shift register 20 over
the console data line DC. The search shift register 50 which also
functions in part as a "memory associative address register"
contains a group of four 8 bit shift registers 52 and one 4 bit
shift register 53. In essence, these shift registers 52, 53
function as a group of flip-flops which are cascaded. The search
shift register 50 is not the equivalent of a standard memory
address register, in that it serves an active role in comparison
operations to be hereinafter described. The search shift register
50 is provided with a recirculate line 54 extending from its output
to the gates 51, in the manner as illustrated in FIG. 2B. The
recirculate line 54 enables the shift register 50 to perform a
circular right shift at selected times. It can be seen that the
four 8 shift registers which serve as four groups of 8 flip-flops
provide for 32 bits of data and the one 4 bit shift register
provides for 4 bits of data, allowing for the 36 bits
representative of one sector of part number. The group of
functional flip-flops at the left-hand end of the search shift
register 50, reference being made to FIG. 2B, represent the most
significant bit positions and the functional flip-flops at the
right-hand end of the search shift register 50 represent the least
significant bit positions. Accordingly, one sector of 36 bits can
be entered into the search shift register 50 through the input
gates 51 with the least significant bits initially located in the
most significant bit positions and shifted down so that the least
significant bits are located in the least significant bit
positions. Since the data may be loaded onto the search shift
register with the least significant bit first, the data can be
removed from this register 50 in the same manner with the least
significant bit first.
Data transfer from the console unit C may be initiated by the read
request RRQ line which is provided for connection to a read
sequencer 55 forming part of the central electronics unit E, and
over the write data line WD to a write sequencer 56 which also
forms part of the central electronics unit E. By reference to FIGS.
2A and 2B, it can be seen that the read request line RRQ is
connected to the read sequencer 55 and the write data line WD and
the write part number line WPN are both connected to the write
sequencer 56. In like manner, the clear line CL is provided for
connection to the read sequencer 55. The output of the search shift
register 50 is connected to a bit comparator 58 which has its
output also connected to one input of the read sequencer 55, to one
input of the write sequencer 56 and one input of the sector counter
66. In addition, the outputs of the add switch 11 and the subtract
switch 12 which are carried over the add line ADD and the subtract
line SUB, respectively, are also provided for connection to the
write sequencer 56, in the manner as illustrated in FIG. 2B.
The data which is provided for addition and subtraction is
introduced into the console unit C by means of the thumbwheel digit
switches 33. This data is converted in the parallel to serial
converter 35 and transmitted over the add/subtract data line ASD
provided for operative connection to a serial BCD adder/subtractor
59, the latter also being located in the central electronics unit
E. The add/subtract data on the ASD line is also introduced into a
BCD to 9's complement generator 60 which serves to place the
add/subtract data in proper condition for subtraction, and the
output of the BCD to 9's complement generator is transmitted to the
adder/subtracter 59. By further reference to FIG. 2B, it can be
seen that the serial BCD adder/subtracter 59 receives the add
signal over the ADD line and the subtract signal from the subtract
switch 12 over the SUB line, as well as console data over the
console data line CD.
It should be observed that the read switch 10 does not interface
with any portion of the console unit C; but rather is provided for
connection to the read sequencer 55. In this manner, actuation of
the read switch 10 provides an advisory signal to the read
sequencer 55 that the address of data to be searched is located in
the display shift register 20. The read sequencer 55 also has an
output connected to the gates 51 to operate the input to the search
shift register 50. Thus, the read sequencer serves in controlling
the shifting of the data from the display shift register 20 to the
search shift register 50. The write sequencer 56 also has an output
connected to a clock switch 61 for controlling clock pulses in
order to enable initiation and commencement of writing on the basis
of a 36 bit sector. The write sequencer 56 detects the beginning of
a 36 bit sector and then enables the shifting of 36 bits through
the memory clock line MC. It can be observed that the write
sequencer serves a multitude of functions in performing the writing
of part numbers and part data in the memory section M, as well as
the performance of simple arithmetic functions on the part
data.
The clock switch 61 is connected to the memory clock line MC for
providing memory clock pulses to the AND gate 35' in the console
unit C and hence to the display shift register 20. The memory clock
line MC is also connected to a bit counter 62 which is, in turn,
connected to one input of a valid data detector 63. The valid data
detector 63 is capable of receiving non-return to zero data or
so-called "NRZ data" from the memory section M in a manner
hereinafter described and producing an NRZ output which is
transmitted to the bit comparator 58, the bit counter 62, and the
memory data line MD for transmission of this data to the serial
gates 23 in the console unit C. The valid data detector 63 also
serves as a device for removing both a preamble and a postamble
added to both part number sectors and part data sectors before the
part numbers and part data are introduced into the memory section
M.
The central electronics unit E also includes a part number/data
flip-flop 64 which is analogous to a fetch/execute flip-flop in
such manner that if the flip-flop is in a "set" condition, the
electronics operates on part data sectors. If the flip-flop 64 is
in a "reset" condition, the electronics operates on part number
sectors. This flip-flop 64 thereby enables comparison of a part
number with a part number and prevents comparison of a part number
with the part data associated with part numbers. Accordingly,
comparison is performed on every other sector of 36 bits located in
the memory section M. The outputs of the comparator 58 is examined
only after 36 bits have been compared and only if this 36 bits is a
part number as detected by the flip-flop 64. It can be observed
that an inhibit line 65 extends from one output of the flip-flop 64
to the bit comparator 58 and prevents the bit comparator 58 from
providing an output unless the output is representative of a part
number. Accordingly, if the part number/data flip-flop 64 is in the
reset condition, this condition will be indicative of a part number
sector; and if the flip-flop 64 is in a set condition, this
condition will be indicative of a part data sector. It should be
observed that more than one part number/data flip-flop 64 could be
provided in the event that more than one sector of part data was
desired at any point in time.
The central electronics unit E also includes a modulo 796 sector
counter 66. In the memory section hereinafter described, 797
sectors are located on each track and the sector counter 66
controls track selection so that when the counter 66 is reset, the
track counter in the memory section M is inhibited. In this manner,
no tracks can be counted and no tracks can be changed. When the
sector counter 66 achieves a count of 796 bits, this count is
representative of a beginning of a new sector in which it is
possible to write part numbers. Both the serial BCD adder/
subtractor 59 and the sector counter 66 receive sector clock pulses
from the memory section M in a manner hereinafter described. In
like manner, the valid data detector 63 receives sector clock
pulses.
The electronics section E also includes a preamble register 67
which serves to write a preamble and a postamble along with any
data as it is introduced into the memory section M. The preamble
consists of eight zeroes followed by a one. The preamble always
precedes any part number of data which is to be written on the drum
in order to allow synchronization of the read electronics on
playback. The first eight zeroes of the preamble allows sufficient
time for the read electronics (data amplifier 81) to synchronize on
the head output signal from the memory section M. A postamble of
two zeroes is added to each part number and each part data which is
introduced into the memory section M. The postamble serves to
insure that all of the permanent bits contained in any part number
or any part data has in fact been written in the memory section
M.
The valid data detector 63 actually serves as a preamble and
postamble removal as previously described so that the pertinent
bits contained in any sector may be read or operated upon.
Accordingly, the valid data detector 63 is a type of decoder which
is used with the memory section circuitry employed. Data read from
the memory section M actaully consists of data on a data track as
well as clock pulses derived from the data in a manner to be
hereinafter described in detail.
The valid data detector 63 will recognize the preamble within any
part number sector or part data sector. In recognizing a preamble,
the valid data detector 63 will determine when the preamble "one"
occurs. This is determined by disregarding the read data subsequent
to sector clock for an amount of time determined by a one-host
multivibrator (not shown). The read enable circuit 82 is then
enabled, and the first data "one" received is the preamble "one."
The valid data detector 63 is then capable of disregarding the
preamble and postamble associated with any sector and generating a
clock couput for transmission to the bit counter 58. Furthermore,
since it is undesirable to count preamble and postamble clock
pulses, the bit counter 58 will only start counting when the valid
data detector 63 sends a clock pulse signal to the bit counter 58
which occurs after the preamble and postamble removal.
The valid data detector 63 also has an output connected to a shift
register gating 68, the latter being connected to the shift
register 50 in the manner as illustrated in FIG. 2B. The outputs of
the read sequencer 55 and the write sequencer 56 are ored in an OR
gate 69 and the output of the OR gate 69 is in turn connected to
the transfer line DX. By further reference to FIG. 2B, it can be
seen that the sector counter 66 has one output connected to the
write sequencer 56 and that the part number/data flip-flop 64 has
inputs to the read sequencer 55 and the write sequencer 56.
The memory section M, which is more fully illustrated in FIG. 2B,
comprises a magnetic drum or disc 70 of the type normally used in
digital computing equipment and which is capable of having NRX data
written thereon. Furthermore, it should be observed that the drum
70 may be of a metallic disc having a magnetic recording surface
disposed on the annular surface thereof. The memory section M
includes an electronic circuit or so-called "memory electronics" 71
which comprises sector clock amplifier 72 providing sector clock
pulses to the valid data detector 63, the part number/data
flip-flop 64, the sector counter 66 and the preamble register 67.
The sector clock pulse is generated from the drum 70 at the end of
each sector of part number or sector of part data. The memory
electronics 71 also includes a write clock amplifier 73 which has
an output connected to both the preamble register 67 and the clock
switch 61. The write clock amplifier 73 is capable of generating
write clock pulses which are used to clock the part data and part
numbers on the drum 70. Furthermore, by reference to composite
FIGS. 2A and 2B, it can be seen that the write clock amplifier 73
provides memory clock data to the display shift register 20 for
recirculating the data therein on a memory clock time basis. In
essence, the clock pulses control the various components in the
console unit C so that the console unit C operates on and transmits
data on a memory clock basis.
The memory electronics 71 also includes an index amplifier 74
having an input from the drum 70 and an output which is connected
to a modulo T-track counter 75 where T is the number of tracks. The
modulo T-track counter 75 also has an inhibit input from the write
sequencer 56 for reasons which will presently more fully appear.
The index amplifier 74 generates an index pulse at the end of each
track on the drum 70 to enable the track counter to perform track
switching functions. Furthermore, the output of the index amplifier
74 provides a reset signal to the part number/data flip-flop 64 for
resetting of this latter component. The modulo T-track counter 75
is connected to a head switching circuit 76 which forms part of the
memory electronics M and operatively controls a plurality of
magnetic read-write heads 77. The heads 77 are located in close
proximity to the surface of the drum 70 and are illustrated as a
circle in FIG. 2B. An individual read-write head is associated with
each of the T-tracks on the drum 70. When the index amplifier 74
generates a clock pulse, the track counter 75 will energize the
head switching circuit 75 in such manner that it causes the head 77
associated with one track to be switched off and the head 77
associated with the next adjacent track on the drum 70 to be
energized. At this point, it should be recognized that the drum 70
contains a total number of sectors on each track which is
equivalent to 37,360 bits per track. Furthermore, it should be
observed that any number of tracks may be located on the drum 70,
the number of which is limited only by the size of the drum 70.
Moreover, the overall diameter of the drum 70 can be increased to
provide space for recording additional sectors of 36 bits on each
track on the drum 70.
The heads 77 which function as reading heads and writing heads are
connected to an NRZ input circuit 78 and a write enable circuit 79
which also form part of the memory electronics 71, in the manner as
illustrated in FIG. 2B. The NRZ input circuit 78 receives the
information from the serial BCD adder/subtractor 59 through the
preamble register 67 and permits this information to be written on
the drum 70 in NRZ format. The write enable circuit 79 receives
information from the write sequencer 56 over a write enable line
79' and enables the heads 77 to write both part numbers and part
data on the surface of the drum 70. The memory electronics 71 also
includes a data clock amplifier 80 which provides data clock pulses
to the valid data detector 63, the clock switch 61 and the search
shift register 50 through the gating 68. This generation of data
clock pulses enables the thus described components to be operated
on a memory clock basis. The memory electronics 71 also includes a
data amplifier 81 which is capable of providing an NRZ output to
the valid data detector 63, thus enabling the valid data detector
63 to remove preambles and postambles associated with each part
number and part data sector on a synchronous time basis. Finally
the memory electronics 71 includes a read enable amplifier 82 which
receives an input from the valid data detector 63 for purposes of
reading part numbers and part data from the drum 70.
A reset circuit 83 is connected to both the read sequencer 55 and
the write sequencer 56. Furthemore, it should be observed that many
of the components such as the part number/ data flip-flop 64 and
the preamble register 67 receives reset pulses from the memory
section M. In essence, substantially all of the bistable devices,
namely the flip-flops in the central electronics unit E must be
reset at the initiation of energization of the central electronics
unit E, with the exception of the memory address register 50. The
reset pulse is designed to last for approximately 50 milliseconds
subsequent to power turn on. The reset circuit 83 generally
contains a capacitor circuit and a gating structure. Furthermore,
by reference to FIG. 2B of the drawings, it can be seen that the
preamble register 67 and the flip-flop 64 as previously described
receive the reset signals from the memory section M. In the absence
of a reset circuit, the sequencers and the flip-flops could arise
in any condition, depending upon lags in the sequencers and the
state of the various flip-flops. Furthermore, the absence of a
reset circuit could well enable these various components to arise
in a state where the logic was not capable of handling such states.
In like manner, absence of a resetting of these components to a
proper condition could result in data destruction.
OPERATION OF THE NUMERIC DATA SYSTEM
From the foregoing description of the Apparatus A, it can be
observed that data may be entered into the console unit C by a
plurality of techniques. First of all, both part numbers and part
data associated with the part numbers can be introduced into the
console unit C by means of actuation of the keys 7 on the keyboard
6. Secondly, data can be introduced in the console unit C,
particularly for addition and subtraction functions, by means of
the thumbwheel digit switches 33. Finally, data may be introduced
into the console unit C by actuation of any one or more of the
digit change switches 32. As indicated previously, data is
introduced into the console unit C in such a manner that a part
number which may contain as many as nine decimal digits is
represented by a sector of 36 bits, or nine bytes, each having four
bits. Thus, a part number will be represented by 36 bits and the
part data associated with that part number will be represented by a
second sector of 36 bits.
At the outset, all sector spaces on the drum 70 which are to
receive part data bits and part number bits contain zeroes, and
only zeroes. It should be recognized that an external device or
internal supplemental logic (not shown) could be employed to
initially introduce all zeroes into the part data bit positions and
part number bit positions of each sector. Each sector of part
numbers and data to be written on the drum 70 will contain the
preamble "one" along with the eight preamble "zeroes," as
previously described.
The apparatus is sized to accommodate a nine-digit part number.
However, it should be recognized that the apparatus could be
extended to accommodate more than nine decimal digits per sector by
enlarging such items as the display shift register 20, the anode
shift register 24, the enter shift register 36, the display tubes 5
and the anode driving circuit 27, etc. Adtuation of any one key 7
on the keyboard 6 will, through the diode matrix, generate four
bits in a BCD code representative of that decimal digit. This
information is strobed into the parallel entry gates 17 after a
delay created by the delay 19 in order to eliminate bounce effects
and the like from the keys 7.
It should be observed that when the keyboard switches 6 are
actuated, the various display tubes 5 will be energized to display
the information introduced into the display shift register 20, in
the manner as previously described. In essence, the anode shift
register 24 in combination with the anode driving circuit 27 and
the cathode driving circuit 31 operate to collectively and
consecutively energize each of the display tubes 5. Each digit
represented by the display tube 5 is essentially visually depicted
by the tube 5 for 100 microseconds. Thereafter, the display will
shift to the next adjacent display tube 5 for an additional 100
microseconds. This procedure is automatic and based on the memory
clock which is received from the drum 70 in conjunction with the
delay multivibrator 37.
In actual operation, a group of 36 bits in a part number sector
will be recorded on the drum 70 and this will be followed by a
group of 36 bits in a part data sector. When it is desired to write
a new part number on the drum 70, it is necessary to find an empty
sector, that is, a part number sector which contains bits in BCD
format representative of all decimal digit zeroes. The operator
will actuate the clear switch 9 to introduce the blank code of
one-zero-one-zero in all bit positions of the display shift
register 20. The operator then actuates the zero keyboard key nine
times in order to place all zeroes in the display shift register
20. Thereafter, the read switch 10 is actuated in order to find a
location on the drum 70 which contains all zeroes in a part number
sector. The read sequencer 55 is energized by a pulse from the read
switch 10 over the read request line RRQ. The read sequencer 55
treats all zeroes in the same manner as it would treat a part
number. The first part number sector on the drum 70 which has all
zeroes is therefore deemed to be an empty part number sector and
the read sequencer 55 will deem a comparison to have been made. In
actual operation, this comparison is made by the search shift
register 50.
It should be observed that information from the display shift
register 20 is transferred over the console data line CD to the
search shift register 50, at the time of actuation of the read
switch 10. Furthermore, the gates 51 are energized in such a manner
that this information over the console data line DC is entered into
the search shift register 50. After all 36 bits in a part number
sector have been introduced into the search shift register 50, the
gates 51 are energized in such manner that the search shift
register 50 will perform a circular right shift so that the 36 bits
contained in the register 50 will be circulated through the
recirculate line 54. At this point in time, data bits in the part
number sectors on the drum will be read by the heads 77 through the
read data amplifier 81 and transmitted to the bit comparator 58.
Accordingly, the bits introduced into the search shift register 50
from the display shift register 20 will be serially compared with
the bits read from the memory 70 in the bit comparator 58 on a
bit-by-bit basis. After comparison has been achieved, the read
sequencer 55 is energized.
The operator then introduces the new part number into the console
unit C by actuating the clear switch 9 and then the selected keys
7. Thereafter, the operator will actuate the write part number
switch 13. At this point, the write sequencer 56 is energized from
a pulse that is transmitted over the write part number line WPN.
The write sequencer 56 is in a state where it awaits the transfer
signal XF from the console unit C. When the transfer signal XF is
received, the write sequencer 56 energizes the data transfer line
DX. The data transfer line DX will carry the initiated transfer
signal and also inhibit any further shifting of the display shift
register 20. Simultaneously, with the energizing of the data
transfer line DX, the write sequencer 56 inhibits the memory clock
line MC. It is to be noted tht zeroes are still located in the
search shift register 50 and in the display shift register 20 and
so the first part number read from the drum 70 and having all
zeroes will render a comparison. However, when comparison is
achieved, the desired sector has passed the reading heads 77. The
sector counter 66 is reset upon the determination of an empty part
number slot or sector on the drum. As indicated previously, 797
sectors are located on each track of the drum 70. Accordingly, when
a count of 796 has been achieved by the sector counter 66, the
beginning of the sector in which comparison was found (the empty
sector for the introducing of part number data), the memory clock
line MC will be energized and the data to be written will be
transferred for the display shift register 20 to the central
electronics E for writing on the drum 70.
All shifts in the console unit C and the central electronics unit E
are performed at the memory clock rate. During the time of shifting
bits in the display shift register 20, no display tube 5 can be
energized. Furthermore, it should be noted that recirculation of
the bits in the display shift register 20 occurs at memory clock
time and the memory clock pulses generated from the drum 70 is the
only means for generating the shift pulses to enable recirculation
of bits in the display shift register 20. In addition, the
generation of clock pulses by the central electronics unit E clocks
all other functions of the console unit C. However, it should be
recognized that generation of clock pulses to be used in the
shifting functions in the console C could be performed by a pulse
generator as well. It should also be observed that where a
plurality of consoles C are used with the same electronics unit E,
each console unit C is controlled individually by means of the
memory clock data generated from the drum 70.
The output of the AND gate 38 in combination with the output of the
AND gate 35' will cause the shifting in the display shift register
20. The gate 38 is controlled by the delay multivibrator 37 which
de-energizes the line to the gate 38 for 100 microseconds so that
no shift pulses can be generated through a shift line 82 which
extends between the output of the AND gate 38 and the OR gate
36.
After 100 microseconds, the delay multivibrator 37 enables the AND
gate 38 and thereby permits shift pulses to be sent through the
shift line 83. The first memory clock pulse or so-called "shift"
pulse shifts the bits in the display shift register 20 one bit
position and, furthermore, will provide one count. The second clock
pulse shifts the bits in the display shift register 20 to a second
bit position and provides a second count. In like manner, the third
and fourth clock pulses shift the bits in the display shift
register 20 to the third and fourth bit positions and provides the
third and fourth counts. An output to the delay multivibrator 37
and which is generated by the divide by four counter 39 enables the
energizing the delay multivibrator 37 for this 100 microsecond
period. It should be observed by reference to FIG. 2A that the
output of the divide by four counter 39 also serves to shift the
anode shift register one bit to the right.
In order to locate part data associated with a particular part
number, the part number is entered into this display shift register
20 by means of the keyboard 6. The operator of the apparatus A can
check the validity of the entered part number by observing the
display tubes 5. The anode shift register 24, the anode driving
circuit 27 and the cathode driving circuit 31 are selectively and
consecutively actuated to energize the display tubes 5 in order to
display in decimal digit form, the information which has been
introduced into the display shift register 20. After the part
number has been entered, the operator will actuate the read switch
10. As indicated previously, trnasfer of information from the
console unit C to the electronics unit E is initiated by actuation
of the read switch 10. Actuation of the read switch 10 will
energize the read sequencer 55 so that the latter recognizes data
bits are located in the display shift register 20 for transfer.
Inasmuch as the information in the display shift register 20 is
continually circulated, it may not necessarily be in correct order
for transfer on the basis of the least significant bit first.
Accordingly, when the data is lined up in the display shift
register, with the least significant bit in the least significant
bit flip-flop 21, transfer can be initiated. At this point in time,
the data transfer line DX will carry a transfer signal and also
inhibit any further circulation of the bits in the display shift
register 20 by inhibiting the delay multivibrator 37. This function
will enable the transfer to take place with the least significant
bit being first transferred. The bit counter 62 in combination with
the valid data detector 63 enables the transmission of clock pulses
in groups of 36 to the display shift register 20. At the beginning
of the group of 36 clock pulses, the read sequencer 55 enables the
shifting of memory clock pulses to the display shift register 20.
The sector of 36 clock pulses enables the shifting of all 36 data
bits contained in the display shift register 20 to the memory
search shift register 50 in serial form. Furthermore, this transfer
takes place at the drum clock rate which is approximately 1.2
megabits per second.
After these data bits have been transferred to the search shift
register 50, the read sequencer 55 enables the gating 51 to permit
circulation of the bits contained in the search shift register 50.
Serial comparison of the data bits in the search shift register 50
will be performed with the bits read from the drum 70 in the manner
as previously described. It should be observed that the first bit,
which is the least significant bit in the search shift register 50
will be compared with the first bit read from the memory drum 70,
in the bit comparator 58, and this first bit from the memory drum
70 is also the least significant bit in the sector of 36 bits
located in the memory drum 70. Accordingly, all bits in the search
shift register 50 will be compared against all bits of the sectors
in the drum 70 until a comparison, as observed by the bit
comparator 58, is found, and this comparison will be made against
the least significant bits first in each sector on the drum 70.
After the search has been made and comparison has been found, the
read sequencer will enable the transfer of the next sector of 36
bits to the display shift register 20. The next sector contains the
part data associated with the part number which was previously
entered into the display shift register 20. The read sequencer 55
essentially monitors the action of the bit comparator 58. During
the search operation, the read sequencer 55 has been holding the
data transfer line DX energized or in a true condition. During the
time that the data is being searched in the search shift register
50, data is being transmitted to the display shift register 20.
However, while transmission of data to the display shift register
20 may be continuing, the bits which have been transmitted to the
display shift register 20, are not transferred to any other
component in the console unit C. After this comparison has been
made, the part number/data flip-flop 64, in conjunction with the
read sequencer 55, deenergizes the data transfer line DX inasmuch
as the part data has been transferred to the display shift register
20. Deenergization of the data transfer line DX will remove the
inhibiting factor and thereby permit circulation to begin in the
display shift register 20. It should be noted that the various part
numbers which are recorded on the drum 70 are actually stored in
random fashion, but the search which is employed to find this
particular part number is systematic in order to obtain a
systematic search of randomly stored information.
Writing of part data associated with a part number is similar to
the writing of the part number itself, with the one exception that
the sector counter 66 is not used. In order to introduce this data
onto the drum 70, the desired part data is introduced into the
apparatus A by means of actuating the keys 7 on the keyboard 6. The
data introduced will be transferred to the display shift register
20 and, in like manner, will be displayed for visual observation by
the display tubes 5, in the manner as previously described. The
part data is written onto the drum 70 by actuation of the write
data switch 14. Actuation of the switch 14 will energize the write
sequencer 56 to permit the new part data to be written into a part
data sector positionally located with the particular associated
part number on the drum 70.
It is possible to simply change any one or more decimal digits
contained in a part number or in part data associated with the part
number by operation of the digit change switches 32. In the event
that it is desirable to change a digit in a part number, the part
number is introduced into the display shift register 20 through
actuation of the keys 7 on the keyboard 6. The combination of the
anode shift register 24, the anode driving circuit 27 and the
cathode driving circuit 31, as well as the other attendant
components previously described, will enable the decimal digits of
this part number to be displayed in the display panel 4. In order
to change any selected decimal digit appearing in any display tube
5, the digit change switch 32 located immediately beneath the tube
5 is pressed. The operator then actuates the proper key 7 on the
keyboard 6 for introduction of the new decimal digit and
substitution of the desired new decimal digit for the existing
digit and the desired new decimal digit will be displayed in the
display tube 5.
It should be observed that the digit change switches 32 are each
connected to the digit decode circuit 28 which will operate to
introduce the new information into the display shift register 20
through the gate 22 and the parallel entry gates 17. It can also be
observed that the output of the digit decode circuit 28 is anded in
the "AND" gate 22 with the strobe from the diode matrix 8 through
the delay 19. An output from the digit decode circuit 28 will occur
when the four bits representing the character to be changed are
located in the least significant bit positions (flip-flops 21) of
the display shift register 20.
When one of the character edit switches 32 is actuated, an output
from the anode shift register 24 will occur when the stage of the
anode shift register 24 associated with that particular edit switch
32 is rendered true. For example, if the operator actuates the
seventh character edit switch, an output from the digit decode
circuit 28 will occur when the seventh stage of the anode shift
register 24 is rendered true. One of the keys 7 on the keyboard
entry block 6 is actuated after the actuation of a character edit
switch 32. Actuation of this key 7 will generate four bits through
the diode matrix 8 and which four bits are introduced into the
parallel entry gate 17. Again, these four bits will only enter into
the last four bit positions of the display shift register 20 when a
strobe is received at the gate 22. Furthermore, these four bits
will only enter the last four bit positions of the display shift
register 20 when the seventh stage of the anode shift register 24
is rendered true.
It should also be observed that part data associated with any part
number can be changed in like manner. In order to locate the part
data on the drum 70 the proper part number is introduced into the
display shift register 20 through the keyboard 6 and the read
switch 10 is actuated. After comparison has been found by the bit
comparator 58, the part data associated with the introduced part
number is then shifted to the display shift register 20 in the
manner as previously described. This data will then be digitally
depicted by means of the display tubes 5. Again, any particular
decimal digit number appearing in the display tubes 5 can be
changed by proper actuation of the associated digit change switch
32. It should be observed that an actuation of any of the digit
change switches 32 will generate four bits representative of the
desired digits and this byte of four bits will replace the four
bits in the display shift register 20 which represents the decimal
digits to be deleted from the data.
Addition and subtraction to part data can be performed by actuation
of the add switch 11 or the subtract switch 12 in combination with
the thumbwheel digit switches 33. The part data associated with a
part number is found by introducing the part number into the shift
register and searching for the comparable part number on the drum
70 in the manner as described. After the part number has been
found, the part data associated with that part number can be read
from the drum 70 and transferred to the display shift register 20
in the manner as previously described. Accordingly, all 36 bits
representing the nine digit part data are introduced into the 36
flip-flops 21 of the display shift register 20. Furthermore, these
36 bits will appear in decimal digit form by way of the nine
display tubes 5. Changes in the part data decimal digits as they
appear in the display tubes 5 can be made by addition and
subtraction through entry of information through the thumbwheel
switches 33. Thus, if it is desired to add a number to any one or
more of the decimal digits as displayed on the display tubes 5,
this number is introduced by the thumbwheel switch 33.
It is to be noted that the data for addition and subtraction must
be in serial form, but the data generated by means of the two
decades of thumbwheel switches 33 is generated in parallel form.
The parallel to serial convertor 35 will convert the parallel
generated bits from the digit switches 33 into serial format and
will transfer the same to the serial BCD adder/subtracter 59 and
the nines complement generator 60. In like manner, the data bits
contained in the display shift register 20 will be transmitted over
the console data line CD to the serial BCD adder/subtracter 59.
Addition of these streams of bits from the register 20 and the
parallel to serial convertor 35, can only take place when the least
significant bit of each of the bit sectors is located in such order
that it is the first bit in the sector to be received by the serial
BCD adder/subtracter 59. Furthermore, the bit streams from both the
convertor 35 and the shift register 20 are shifted by means of
clock pulses from the central electronics unit E.
Upon actuation of the add switch 11, the write sequencer 56 is
energized to recognize the change of data contained in the display
shift register 20. A bit is taken from both the parallel to serial
convertor 35 and the display shift register 20 and trnsmitted to
the adder/subtracter 59 on a clock time basis. This bit, if
unchanged, is written on the drum 70 in the location from which it
was previously removed. Otherwise, the sum of these bits is written
on the drum 70 in this drum location. The search shift register 50
will enable the loading of the 36 modified bits in the same sector
location from which the bits were previously read. At the leading
edge of the sector clock pulse, the write sequencer 56 will permit
the writing of the new or revised data in the BCD adder/subtracter
59 onto the drum, and this data is then transferred to the preamble
register 67. Thereafter, a preamble and postamble are recorded with
the data on the drum 70.
Subtraction functions are similar to the function of addition
except that the subtract switch 12 is used. However a conversion
must be made when subtracting when opposed to adding. The nine's
complement of the number must be added in a subtraction function,
and, accordingly, the BCD to nine's complement generator 60 is
provided. The remainder of the subtraction function is
substantially identical to that of addition.
It should be observed that the subtract switch 12 is connected
directly to the write sequencer 56 and to the adder/subtracter 59.
Since the data to be subtracted has been introduced by the decimal
digit switches 33, the information introduced by these switches has
been transferred to the parallel to serial converter 35.
Accordingly, the subtraction function is performed in the serial
BCD adder/subtracter 59 by adding the nine's complement of the bits
from the parallel to serial converter 35 with respect to
corresponding bits in the display shift register 20. A bit is taken
from both the shift register 20 and the parallel to serial
converter 35 on a clock time basis and serially transferred to the
adder/subtracter 59 and the nine's complement generator 60. The
difference is then capable of being written directly on the drum
70. Comparison is then immediately initiated since recirculation is
taking place in the search shift register 50, which contains the
part number (address) of the sector to be written. The gates 51 are
actuated in such manner that a right circular shift occurs and
comparison is found in the adjacent sector previous to the location
in which the modified part data associated with the address is to
be stored. The write sequencer 56 will enable the commencement of
writing on the drum 70 at the leading edge of the sector clock
pulse from the sector clock amplifier 72. It is also necessary to
add a preamble and a postamble to the modified data.
From the foregoing, it should be noted that the display shift
register 20 serves at least three main functions. First of all, the
display shift register provides for circulation of the data bits
therein enabling the strobing of the display tubes 5. Only one
decoder is required since each display tube 5 is consecutively
energized on a sequential basis. The one decoder 29 is capable of
energizing all of the tubes 5 sequentially. The display shift
register 20 serves a second major function which is to receive the
data from the drum 70 and transmit data to the drum 70 at the drum
bit rate. The information is transferred to the display shift
register 20 through the valid data detector 63 and over the memory
data line MD. In addition, information is transferred from the
console unit C to the central electronics unit E at the drum bit
rate. The third major function of the display shift register 20 is
to serve as a storage medium. The data introduced from the keyboard
6 or from the digit change switches 32 are properly entered into
the display shift register 20 in the manner as previously
described.
The bit counter 62 is capable of counting two different types of
clock pulses. When data is being read from the drum 70, clock
pulses from the data clock amplifier 80 are used. However, when
data is being written onto the drum, write clock pulses from the
write clock amplifier 73 are used. Accordingly, the bit counter 62
is switched from read clock pulses to write clock pulses depending
on whether the function is that of reading or writing. The clock
switch 61 is controlled by the write sequencer 56. Normally, the
clock switch 61 will enable the passage of read clock pulses to
except when the writing function has taken place as monitored by
the write sequencer 56.
Whenever data is written onto the drum 70, such as by means of the
add function, the subtract function and the write data function,
the read sequencer 55 will provide a reading of the written data.
When the write function has been completed, the read sequencer
through a sequential state will locate the part number in the same
manner as though the read function were initiated. The read
sequencer 55 is not necessarily initiated on the writing function,
but the portion of the read sequencer 55 which enables reading of
the data has been energized. Accordingly, the information which has
been written onto the drum 70 is displayed by means of the display
shift register 20 so that verification of the written data can take
place. In like manner, verification of addition and subtraction can
also take place since the answer will be introduced into the
display shift register 20, and hence, displayed by means of the
display tubes 5.
It can be observed that the apparatus A uses data of a limited
format and a limited quantity which is addressed in a specific
manner. Furthermore, it should be observed that no programming is
necessary since the apparatus uses "hard-wired" logic. Typical
digital computers normally address by sector and track location.
However, the address or existence of a location of a particular
part number or data associated therewith is known because the data
was placed in a particular position. It can be seen that addressing
in the apparatus in the present invention is accomplished by a
special case of content. In other words, addressing for each new
item takes place in part number locations which have only
zeroes.
MULTIPLE NUMERIC CONSOLE UNITS
It is possible to connect a plurality of console units C to one
central electronics unit E in the manner as illustrated in FIG. 3.
It should be observed that each of the console units C are
schematically illustrated in FIG. 3, and only three of such units
are shown. However, it should be recognized that least two, three
or more of these console units C could be connected to one central
electronics unit E. For purposes of clarity, the three such console
units which have been illustrated are designated as C.sub.1,
C.sub.2, and C.sub.n. The employment of a plurality of console
units can be quite effective since the central electronics unit E
which contains the memory section M is capable of providing
information to each of such console units. Each of the console
units are connected to an OR gate structure 100 and to a control
switching circuit 101.
Each of the console units C.sub.1, C.sub.2, and C.sub.n receive
data from the central electronics unit E at all times. It can be
seen that the console data line CD, the add/subtract data line ASD,
and the transfer line XF of each console unit are connected to the
OR gate structure 100. For example, it can be seen that each of the
console data lines CD from each of the console units C.sub.1,
C.sub.2 and C.sub.n are all ORED together in an OR gate 102 and
connected to the central electronics unit E. In like manner, each
of the add/subtract data lines ASD from each of the console units
C.sub.1, C.sub.2, , and C.sub.n are all ORED together in an OR gate
103 and connected to the central electronics unit E. In addition to
the above, each of the switching lines, namely the clear line CL,
the write part number line WPN, the write data line WD, the read
request line RRQ, the add line ADD and the subtract line SUB are
all connected to the OR gate structure 100 and introduce inputs
into this gating structure 100. Each of the console units receives
data transfer information from the control switching circuit 101
over the data transfer line DX. The console units C.sub.1, C.sub.2
and C.sub.n receive memory data and memory clock pulses directly
from the central electronics unit E over the memory data lines MD
and the memory clock lines MC. A 20-volt power switching circuit
104 is connected to the console switching circuit 101 through
inhibit lines 105 associated with each console unit C.
By further reference to FIG. 3, it can be seen that the five switch
lines, namely the read line RRQ, the write data line WD, the write
part number line WPN, the subtract line SUB and the add line ADD
are all connected from the OR gate structure 100 to the central
electronics section B. It should be observed that these five
switching lines are illustrated as being connected between the
various console units and the OR gate structure 100 by means of the
thick sectioned lines with a designation of "S." The central
electronics unit E also receives console data and add and subtract
data from the OR gating structure 100 through the CD lines and the
ASD lines as illustrated in FIG. 3. The central electronics unit E
additionally receives a write enable input WE from the OR gate
structure 100 which, in turn, receives these inputs from the
various console units C.sub.1, C.sub.2, and C.sub.n. It should also
be observed that the memory data line MD and the memory clock line
MC are connected directly to the central electronics E, and do not
pass through the OR gating structure 100 or the control switching
circuit 101.
Actually, the OR gating structure 100 consists of a series of diode
OR gates which receive one of seven switching lines from each
console unit so that one major OR gate is associated with each
function. In addition, a second major set of high speed OR gates
are provided in the structure 100 so that all of the console data
lines CD from each of the units are connected to one OR gate 102
and all of the add/subtract data lines ASD of each console unit is
connected to the other OR gate 103. In essence, one OR gate is
adapted to receive all of the read request lines RRQ; another OR
gate is adapted to receive the write data line WD; a third OR gate
is adapted to receive the write part number line WPN, etc. This
information on these various lines from the last group of OR gates
is then connected to the central electronics unit E. The console
switching circuit 101 generally comprises a series of AND gates
which receive the various input lines and a latch for each console.
The actual structure of the control circuitry included in the OR
gating structure 100 and the control switching circuit 101 is
obvious to the skilled artisan in view of the schematic
illustration of FIG. 3.
It should be observed that the central electronics unit E can be
actuated by any of the console units C.sub.1 -C.sub.n. Furthermore,
each of the console units C.sub.1 -C.sub.n receive clock
information from the single electronics unit E. The consoles are
arranged in such manner that the console data line CD and the
add/subtract line ASD all contain zeroes except when the data
transfer line DX to that console is rendered true. It should be
observed that the XF transfer signals from the console C were
transmitted directly to the central electronics unit E to advise
the central electronics E that data in the console unit was in
proper format for shifting. However, it should be observed that
with multiple consoles the DX line is now connected to the control
switching circuit 101. The clear switch 9 with a single console
unit C merely served the function of clearing the display shift
register 20. However, with multiple consoles, actuation of the
clear switch 9 signifies that the particular use of the central
electronics unit E for a particular console unit C has terminated.
With multiple console units C, actuation of any of the switches in
a particular console unit C is sufficient to provide operative
connections of that console unit to the central electronics unit E,
thereby inhibiting all other console units from temporarily
accessing the central electronics unit E. Furthermore, actuation of
any of these switches on one console unit will cause deenergization
of the busy lamp 40 and release of the central electronics unit E
occurs when the clear switch 9 is actuated on the console unit C
which was accessing the electronics unit E.
Appropriate inhibit signals generated by the console select latches
contained in the control switching circuit 101 are in conjunction
with the 20-volt power switching circuit 104 and cause all busy
lamps 40 on all console units to remain extinguished except on the
console unit which is accessing the central electronics unit E. All
of the various switches previously described on the console units
are powered from this same 20-volt power source 104. Thus, when one
particular console unit is accessing the central electronics unit
E, no other console unit in operative connection to the central
electronics unit E is capable of sending switch outputs to the
central electronics unit E. In this manner, the central electronics
unit E receives switch inputs only from the particular console unit
which may be accessing the central electronics unit E.
The reset signals to the various select latches in the console
switching circuit 101 may be derived from either one of two
sources; namely, reset signals from the central electronics unit E,
or from the write enable line WE and the clear line CL, from the OR
gate structure 100. If a read operation is being performed without
the write enable switch being energized, the reset signal is
received from the central electronics unit E. On the other hand, if
the write enable switch 15 has been actuated, the reset signal is
derived over the write enable line WE and clear line CL inputs from
the OR gate structure 100.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN ALPHA-NUMERIC DATA SYSTEM
It is also possible to provide an alpha-numeric apparatus B, which
is more fully illustrated in FIGS. 4-6, and which generally
comprises a console unit G and a central electronics unit H. The
central electronics unit H also includes a memory section N. The
console unit G, which is illustrated in the composite FIGS. 5A, 5B
and 5C, is provided for removable attachment and connection to the
central electronics unit N, the latter being illustrated in FIG.
5D. In like manner, the console unit G can be provided with
terminal connectors in the same manner as the console unit C.
Moreover, the central electronics unit H may be provided with the
terminal connectors for attachment to the console unit G, in the
same manner as the electronics unit E was provided with terminal
connectors. It can also be observed that both the console unit G
and the central electronics unit H can be conveniently mounted in
one housing as a unitary assembly.
The apparatus B also includes an outer housing similar to the
housing 1 and is provided with an upwardly inclined control panel
110 which forms part of the housing 1 in the same manner as the
control panel 2 forms part of the housing 1. It should be
recognized that the housing for the alpha-numeric apparatus B is
substantially identical to the housing for the numeric apparatus A,
except for the differences in the control panel employed.
Accordingly, the remaining portions of the housing of the apparatus
B are not further illustrated herein. The housing in the
alpha-numeric apparatus B will also be provided with a display
panel formed in such manner to provide visible viewing of nine cold
cathode display tubes 111.
The control panel 110 is provided with a keyboard entry block 112
or so-called "keyboard" having a plurality of numerically labeled
keys 113, the latter being labeled zero and one through nine. The
keyboard 112 also contains 26 additional keys 114 having the
letters of the alphabet, namely A, B, . . . . Z imprinted on the
surface of each of the respective keys in the manner as illustrated
in FIG. 4. In addition, the keyboard 112 is provided with a space
bar or space key 115 for introducing spaces or blank areas between
letters or decimal digits introduced into the apparatus G. The
keyboard 112 is also provided with four additional keys 116 which
have labeled thereon an asterisk (*), a period (.), a dash (-), and
a diagonal line or so-called "slash mark" (/). Thus, it can be seen
that the keyboard 112 is capable of introducing 40 distinct
characters in the alpha-numeric format.
A "clear" switch 117, a "read" switch 118 and an "add" switch 119,
a "subtract" switch 120, a "write" data switch 121, a "change" part
number switch 122, a "write new part number" switch 123 and an
"enable" switch 124 are all mounted on the control panel in the
manner as illustrated in FIG. 4. All of the aforementioned
switches, with the exception of the enable switch 124, are
pushbutton-type switches which enable an energized state upon
actuation and are biased to return to the deactuated position. The
enable switch 124 is a latching-type switch. The enable switch 124
is similar to the enable switch 15 in the numeric apparatus A, and
is an alternate action type of switch. This enable switch 124 is
connected to the write data switch 121, the change part numbers
switch 122, the write new part number switch 123, the add switch
119 and the subtract switch 120 in order to enable actuation of
these latter five switches in a manner to be described in more
detail. It should be recognized that the enable switch 124 could
also be in the form of a key operated switch, if desired. Thus, in
order to actuate any of the five aforesaid switches, it is first
necessary to actuate the enable switch 124. The various switches
117-124 all internally contain lights, such as small conventional
neon tubes so that the face of the switch will be light-displayed
when the enable switch 124 is actuated. When the enable switch 124
is actuated, and lit, the other switches 119-123 may also be
actuated.
The keyboard 112 is connected through 40 bit lines 125 to a 40 line
to six bit BCD encoder 126. The encoder 126 is capable of
generating 6 bits in binary coded format for each character. In
this connection, it should be noted that actuation of the space bar
115 on the keyboard 112 will also cause the generation of 6 bits
representative of the space code in the same manner as any other
character on the keyboard. Furthermore, the 40 line to 6 bit
encoder 126 internally contains a diode matrix having a series of
diodes connected in such fashion as to generate a binary code
equivalent to any key actuated. Accordingly, actuation of any one
of the keys 113-116 will cause the generation of the six bits in an
alpha-numeric code to represent that character. It should be
recognized that the keyboard 112 and the 40 line to 6 bit encoder
126 are conventional in their construction, and also within the
design purview of the skilled artisan, and are therefore, neither
illustrated, nor described in any further detail herein.
The term "part number" as used in this alpha-numeric apparatus
represents a sector of a known number of bits, namely -- 54 bits,
and which sector of bits contains information identifying a
particular good, item, service, or other element capable of being
identified and addressed. However, the presently described
embodiment of the present invention refers to such identified and
addressed element as a "part number."
The term "part data" as used in this alpha-numeric apparatus
represents a sector of a known number of bits, namely -- 54 bits,
and which sector of bits contains information relating to a part
number identified by the preceding sector of the same number of
part number bits. The term "data" is also used in its generic sense
to represent this sector of a known number of bits, e.g. -- 54
bits, and which bits contain useful information. Accordingly, a
"data" sector of bits may represent a part number, part data or
other allied information.
It should be recognized that while the present invention has been
described in terms of apparatus for storing part characters (or
other addressable indication) and respective data about those part
characters, that other types of information could be stored as
well. For example, the first 54 bits could be used to represent an
account number such as a credit card account number. The additional
sector of 54 bits would then provide information about that
particular account number. However, for purposes of illustrating
and describing the present invention, the apparatus will be
described in terms of storing and operating upon part numbers or
part characters and part data associated with such part numbers or
part characters. Naturally, if other types of information are to be
stored, the nomenclature on the various pushbutton switches located
on the control panel 2 would be altered accordingly.
For example, it could be assumed that the second sector of 54 bits
representing part data about a part number (9 alpha-numeric
characters representing part data about the part number) will
include 3 decimal digit or character positions for providing
inventory quantity. The last 3 decimal digits of the decimal digit
or character information, which is the least significant 3 digits,
will represent such inventory data. The other 6 decimal digit or
character positions can then be used in coded form to represent the
name of the particular supplier, price, or location of the
inventory, etc.
Any of a number of commercially recognized alpha-numeric digital
type codes could be used for generating the 6 bit type
representative of each character employed. The last 3 character
positions of the 9 character code have been reserved for decimal
digits. However, it should be recognized that 4 or more of the 9
character positions could be used to represent a decimal digit
format.
The encoder 126 is connected through 6 bit lines to character load
gates 127. In like manner, the encoder 126 is also connected to a
strobe delay 128 which is, in turn, connected to the gates 127
through a strobe line 129. The strobe delay 128 serves the same
function as the delay 19 in the numeric apparatus A. As indicated,
in connection with the numeric apparatus A, the keys on the
keyboard 112 will bounce for a few microseconds when actuated due
to the elasticity of the metal-metal contact in the switches.
Furthermore, each of the keys on the keyboard 112 are capable of
rendering a five-volt output when actuated. The strobe delay 128
will create approximately a 12-millisecond delay before the output
from the character load gates 127 is transmitted to a 54 bit
console shift register 130. This delay will be sufficient to enable
the elimination of any rebound vibration in the keys on the
keyboard 112 before transfer of the bit information in the encoder
126 to the console register 130. An output strobe from the strobe
delay 128 will thereupon permit entry of this bit data into the
console register 130.
In the numeric apparatus A, each part number of nine decimal digits
was represented by a 36 bit code where each digit was capable of
being characterized by a byte of four bits. As indicated
previously, in the alpha-numeric apparatus B, each part number
sector which also contains nine characters in alpha-numeric format,
is capable of being represented by a sector of 54 bits. Thus, each
of the nine characters is characterized by a byte of six bits. In
like manner, a part data sector of 54 bits depicting information
about that part number will follow each part number.
The character load gates 127 are connected to the console register
130 which contains 54 bistable multivibrators 131 in the manner as
illustrated in FIG. 5B. The console register 130 is similar to the
display register 20 used in the numeric apparatus A and is also a
recirculating shift register. The register 130 serves at least the
number of functions that the register 20 in the numeric apparatus A
served. It can also be seen that the console register 130 is
capable of holding 54 bits of information at any point in time.
The output of the strobe delay 128 is also connected to a 9 bit
enter register 132 which generally contains nine bistable
multivibrators. The output of the enter register 132 is connected
to a display location decode circuit 133 which, in turn, has an
output connected to the character load gates 127, in the manner as
illustrated in FIG. 5B. The display location decode circuit 133
operates in conjunction with an anode shift register (hereinafter
described) and the enter register 132 to enable the loading of
keyboard characters into sequentially located character positions
of the console register 130 and, hence, sequentially located
display positions. Six output lines from the bistable
multivibrators 131 of the console register 130 representing the 6
least significant bits are inputs to a 6 bit to 13 line decoder
134. The decoder 134 also has 13 output lines connected to thirteen
cathode drivers in a cathode driving circuit 134 and the cathode
driving circuit 134 has 13 output lines connected to the display
tubes 111.
A nine bit anode shift register 134 has nine output lines, where
each output line is connected to an individual display tube 111
through anode drivers in an anode driving circuit 135'. Nine such
anode drivers are provided in the anode driving circuit 135' for
each display tube 111. The anode shift register 135 also has 9
outputs connected to 9 input terminals of the display location
decode circuit 133. Thus, the decode circuit 133, the decoder 134,
the enter register 132 and anode shift register 135, as well as the
cathode drivers and anode drivers in their respective circuits
134', 135', all cooperate with the console register 130 to energize
the various segments in the display tubes 111 to represent the nine
characters on the display tubes 111; and these nine characters
correspond to the 54 bits located in the console register 130 at
any point in time. It can be seen that the decode circuit 133, the
decoder 134, the anode register 135, the cathode driving circuit
134' and the anode driving circuit 135' all function in a manner
similar to the combination of the decoder 29, the anode shift
register 25, the anode drivers 26, and the cathode drivers 30,
respectively, in the numeric apparatus A. The display tubes 111 are
somewhat different than the display tubes 5 in the numeric
apparatus A. The output of the console register 130 contains six
bits for each character and these six bits are decoded into a 13
segment code through the 6 bit to 13 line decoder 135. The display
tubes 111 are segmented tubes where the segments in the tubes 111
form the various characters for display purposes.
The 9 bit anode register 135 3ssentially serves the same purpose as
the anode shift register 23 in that the register 135 monitors the
energization of the various tubes 111. The anode register 135
actually provides an indication of a particular six bit location
and its representation is displayed in a particular display tube
111; and the enter shift register 132 essentially depicts the
desired location into which a keyboard character is to be
introduced when outputs from the register 135 and the register 132
are coincident. Accordingly, coincidence of these two outputs
enables the loading of the next keyboard character into the proper
location for display purposes in the display tubes 111. It can be
seen that each of the tubes 111 will be individually and
consecutively energized in order to display the various characters
represented by the 54 bits in the console register 130. Each
display tube will internally form the 13 segments into a proper
representation of the alpha-numeric character introduced by means
of the keyboard 112.
Prior to the entry of any new part number address into the console
register 130, the clear switch 117 is actuated and, hence, the
console register 130 will contain all spaces. The unique code
adopted for spaces is loaded into the console register 130 by the
space code generator 136 to be hereinafter described in more
detail, upon actuation of the clear switch 117. When any one of the
keys on the keyboard 112 is actuated, six bits are generated in a
diode matrix of the six bit BCD encoder 126 and entered into the
character load gates 127. By reference to FIG. 5B, it can be seen
that the character load gates 127 have twelve lines which are
connected to the preset and reset inputs of the last six flip-flops
131 of the display console register 130 for the purpose of loading
a six bit character code into the console register 130. At the time
that the first six bits are being loaded into the console register
130, the last six flip-flops (or stages) 131 represent the most
significant characters of the nine characters which are entered
into the console register 130. Inasmuch as the bits which are
entered into the console register 130 are continually circulating,
the bits representing each of the nine characters will be, in turn,
entered into the last six flip-flops 131 of the console register
130. The anode shift register 135 is also a recirculating shift
register containing nine bits. However, only one stage of the anode
shift register 135 can be true at any point in time. The first
stage of the anode shift register 135 located on the left end
position of the anode shift register 135 represents the most
significant stage. As indicated previously, the six bits which
represent the most significant character were entered into the
console register 130 through the character load gates 127. These
six bits are only entered into the last six flip-flops 131 of the
console register 130 when the most significant stage of the anode
shift register 135 is true.
After the most significant character has been loaded in the console
register 130, actuation of a second key on the keyboard 112 will
generate six more bits which will also enter through the character
load gates 127 into the last six flip-flops 131 of the console
register 130 when the second stage of the anode shift register 135
is rendered true. This sequence continually takes place until all
desired bits have been entered into the console register 130 from
the keyboard 112 through loading, when the desired stage of the
circulating anode shift register 135 is true.
Each time that a key on the keyboard 112 is released, a strobe from
the strobe delay 128 is entered into the enter shift register 132
thereby causing successive stages to the right to be rendered true
if the enter shift register 132. After the ninth key has been
actuated, it is impossible to introduce any further characters into
the console register 130 inasmuch as the enter shift register 132
is only capable of shifting to nine successive stages. The display
location decode circuit 133 advises when the six bits of interest
are in the proper stages of the console register 130 by comparing
the location of the true bit in the anode shift register 135 with
the required bit location as defined by the position of the true
bit in the enter shift register 132.
The display decode circuit 133 continually renders a pulse during
the time that the recirculating true bit in the anode shift
register 135 and the momentarily static true bit in the enter shift
register 132 coincide. This pulse is used in the load gates 127 to
load a 6 bit code into the last six stages 131 of the console
register 130 whenever a key on the keyboard 112 is actuated.
The anode drivers in the anode driver circuit 135' serve as level
converters to take the one recirculating true bit of the anode
shift register 135 and make it capable of illuminating one display
tube 111. Since the one true bit is recirculating in the anode
shift register 135, each of the display tubes 111 is illuminated in
sequence. At the same time the bits in the anode shift register 135
are being recirculated, the bits in the console register 130 are
also being shifted a corresponding amount. Inasmuch as the console
register 130 stores six bits for each character, the console
register 130 is shifted six times as the anode shift register is
shifted once. As this occurs and a new display tube is illuminated,
a new six bit code will appear in the six stages 131 of the console
register 130, thus presenting a new code to the 6 to 13 line
decoder 134. This decoder 134 selects the desired thirteen segments
or cathodes in each display tube 111 and the tube 111 will actually
illuminate when the aforementioned anode is energized.
Illumination of the desired display tube in the manner thus
described will cause a particular character representation to be
displayed. As each new tube 111 is illuminated in sequence, the new
six bit code causes a new character to be displayed. This process
continues at a repetition rate sufficiently high that the human eye
cannot detect the fact that the tubes 111 are being lit
consecutively and, accordingly, all the tubes 111 appear to be
illuminated continuously.
Each of the 13 cathodes in each of the display tubes 111 to the
corresponding cathode in each of the other tubes 111 and are driven
from one of 13 cathode drivers. Furthermore, the selected cathode
drivers resulting from the examination of the 6 bit code presented
to the 6 to 13 line decoder 134 would be switched to a ground
condition. One bit in the anode shift register 135 is permitted to
circulate and this bit will cause a selected anode driver to be
driven from a 0 voltage state to a 170-230 volt state. As
indicated, only one the 9 anode drivers in the anode driving
circuit 135' will be energized at any one point in time.
Accordingly, if six zero bits were being examined, the cathodes
representing a zero in the display tube will be lit for a selected
period of time. The register 130 again causes a shifting of six
bits to the right.
These six bits which are used to shift the data in the register 130
are reduced to one bit by a divide by six counter 144 and then
shift the anode shift register 135 by one bit. The proper anode
driver in the anode driving circuit 135', along with the
corresponding cathodes, is selected and the next tube 111 is, in
turn, energized to its proper display when the anode driver has
been energized to a 170-230 volt state. The aforesaid selected
period of time for energization of any of the display tubes 111 is
determined by a delay 145 which receives an input from the divide
by six counter 114 and also has an output to the counter 144. By
reference to FIGS. 5B and 5C, it can be seen that the anode shift
register 135 also receives an output from the delay 145.
When all of the desired characters have been loaded into the
console register 130, and it is desired to perform any operations
with the console register 130, it is necessary to align the bits in
the console register 130 so that the least significant character is
in the six right-most stages 131. This is accomplished by observing
when the one true bit in the anode shift register 135 is in the
right-most position of the register 135.
The clear switch 117 is connected through an OR gate 136' to a
space code generator 136 in the manner as illustrated in FIGS. 5A
and 5B. It can be seen that the space code generator 136 is also
connected to the character load gates 127. When the clear switch
117 is actuated, it will enable the space code generator 136 to
insert a 6 bit space code through the character load gates 127 into
the console register 130. Accordingly, a space code is introduced
in each and all 6 bit locations of the console register 130
responsive to each actuation of the clear switch 117.
Introduction of a 6 bit space code into the console register 130
will cause a particular display tube 111 to remain de-energized.
Accordingly, when the clear switch 117 is actuated, it is possible
to introduce blank spaces into each 6 bit byte of the 54 bits. It
should be pointed out that this space which is created by the
generation of 6 bits is a valid code, and in fact, is as valid as
the code generated by any other character on the keyboard 112.
However, when writing into the console register 130, it is possible
to write over these blank spaces. A zeros locator 137 is connected
to the output of the shift register 130 for selecting a memory
sector in the memory section of the central electronics unit H. A
search light 137' is also located on the control panel 110 for
reasons which will presently more fully appear.
Also mounted on the control panel 110 is a 2 decade thumbwheel
add/subtract digit switch 138 containing a pair of thumbwheels 138'
for introducing add and subtract data into the apparatus A. The
thumbwheels 138' are provided with decimal digits numbered 0 and 1
through 9 on the peripheral surface thereof and represent the
particualr digit which is to be added or subtracted. For example,
if it is desired to subtract one number from part data, this number
is introduced into the apparatus B through the thumbwheel digit
switch 138. The output of the 2 decade thumbwheel digit switch 138
is connected to a parallel to serial converter 139 by 8 output
lines. The parallel to serial converter 139 also receives an input
from a set of clock gates 147 through various clocking structure in
a manner to be hereinafter described in more detail.
Also mounted on the control panel 110 in proximate relationship to
the display tubes 111 are 9 pushbutton-type character edit switches
or so-called "digit change switches" 140, each one of which is
associated with a particular display tube 111. Thus, in order to
change any individual number or character appearing in any of the
display tubes 111, it is possible to merely press the switch 140
associated with such tubes and thereafter actuate the proper key on
the keyboard 112 for introduction of the proper character. Each of
the character edit switches 140 has an output connected to the
display location decoder 133. In like manner, the decoder 133
receives an output from the anode shift register 135, as previously
described.
The console unit G also includes a part number/data flip-flop 141
which receives a sector clock input over a sector clock line SC
from the central electronics unit H. In like manner, this latter
flip-flop 141 receives index clock pulses from the electronics unit
H over an index clock line designated as IC, reference being made
to FIG. 5C. The console unit G also includes a modulo n-557 sector
counter 142, as illustrated in FIG. 5B, where n is the number of
tracks located on a drum in the memory section to be hereinafter
described. 557 sectors are located on each track and the second
counter 142 will control sector selection so that when a desired
drum location is determined, the counter 142 will be initialized
and each time that the counter cycles through its initialization
point, it represents that desired memory location.
The console unit G also includes a comparator 143, the divide by 6
counter 144, and the 100 microsecond one-shot delay 145, all of
which are connected in the manner as illustrated in FIGS. 5B and
5C. The delay 145 provides for a one hundred microsecond delay
after strobing of any of the disply tubes 111 in the manner as
previously described so that each display tube 111 remains
energized for one hundred microseconds. The console unit G includes
any number of gating structures as illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B.
The comparator 143 has an output connected to one input of the
sector counter 142. The second counter 142 also receives sector
clock line SC. Connected to the input of the console register 130
is a data gate 146 which determines the data streams entering the
console register 130. It should be observed that recirculating data
and memory data from the memory section N may both be introduced
into the console register 130 through the data gate 146.
The data gate 146 receives a gating input from the comparator 143,
memory data from the central electronics unit H over a memory data
line designated as MD, an input from the read sequencer hereinafter
described, and a gating input from read-after-write sequencer 146'.
The read-after-write sequencer 146' is connected in the console
unit circuitry in the manner as illustrated in FIGS. 5A-5C and
automatically causes a read sequence to be performed after any
write operation to verify proper loading of the data written in the
memory section N. In addition, the data gate 146 receives
recirculating data from the output of the console register 130. A
bit counter 147' used in an addressing operation to be hereinafter
described has an output connected to the comparator 143. The bit
counter 147' receives a read clock input from the central
electronics unit H over a read clock line designated as RC.
A clock gate 147 has an output connected to the parallel to serial
converter 139 and to the console register 130 in order to enable
the shifting of the bits in the register 130 at clock pulse time.
The clock gate 147, illustrated in FIG. 5B, actually constitutes of
plurality of gates and receives write clock pulses over a write
clock line designated as WC and read clock pulses over the read
clock line RC from the central electronics unit H. The read clock
pulses are used to maintain proper phasing with the data arriving
from the memory section N. The write clock pulses are used to write
data into the memory section N at clock pulse time. In addition,
the data bits in the console register 130 are shifted in 6 bit
bursts which are metered by the clock gate 147. Accordingly, these
three clock functions are gated into the console register 130
depending upon which function is being served in the console
register 130.
The clock gates 148 receive a number of clock inputs from the
central electronics unit H for reasons which will presently more
fully appear. The clock gates 147 receive read clock information
from the central electronics unit H over the read clock line RC.
The divide by six counter 144 also receives this read clock
information, and the clock gates 147 receive an output from the
divide by six counter 144 in the manner as illustrated in FIG. 5B.
Finally, the clock gates 147 receive write clock information from
the central electronics unit H over the write clock line WC.
The divide by six counter 144 receives an output from an inhibit
gate 148 which receives inputs from the anode register 135, the
rear-after-write sequencer 146' and a read sequencer and a write
sequencer to be hereinafter described. Essentially, the inhibit
gate 148 provides an advisory signal to terminate the 6 bit bursts
such as, at times when a least significant character is located in
the least significant bit positions of the register 130. More
specifically, this inhibit gate 148 will inhibit the 6 bit bursts
immediately before comparison time or reading, or writing onto the
memory section N.
The data gate 146 receives an input from the read-after-write
sequencer 146' and the comparator 143, as indicated previously. The
inhibit to the data gate 146 from the read-after-write sequencer
146' and the comparator 143 enables the data gate 146 to introduce
information into the console register 130 on a proper time
basis.
A read sequencer 152 receives an input from the read switch 118.
The sequencer 152 essentially serves as a controller to instigate
inhibition of divide by six clock pulses through the inhibit gates
148, select read clock pulses through the clock gates 147, and
cause the register data to be recirculated through the data gates
146. These functions will continue until the comparator 143
determines the proper sector to be entered into the register.
The divide by six counter 144 receives an input from the one-shot
delay 145 and a read clock pulse input from the central electronics
unit H. The divide by six counter 144 is properly disenabled when
the six bit bursts from the counter 144 are terminated. The read
clock input to the divide by six counter 144 comprises a steady
stream of clock pulses from the memory section N and the output
from this counter 144 by virtue of the divide by six feature is a
series of six bit bursts. Each six bit burst causes the 100
microsecond delay one-shot 145 to inhibit the divide by six counter
144 for 100 microseconds thereby yielding a 100 microsecond time
delay between bursts of six pulses.
The sector counter 142 receives an initialization pulse from the
comparator 143, the latter generating this pulse when the data from
the central electronics unit H receives comparison with the data
from the zeros locator 137. The zeros locator 137 transmits all
zeros or register data to the comparator 143 depending on the
command it receives from a write sequencer 153. The write sequencer
153 receives an input from the sector counter 142 and uses this
input in conjunction with the various switch inputs, write data,
write new part number, change part number, add, and subtract, to
generate outputs to the zeros locator 137, the clock gate 147 and
the inhibit gate 148 to perform the desired write operation. The
write sequencer 153 also has an output to the control electronics
unit H to command a write operation hereinafter described. The
read-after-write sequencer 146' also receives an input from the
sector counter 142 which is employed in association with a command
from the write sequencer 153 to generate commands to the inhibit
gate 148, the data gate 146 and the clock gate 147 to perform the
desired read-after-write operation.
The search lamp 137' is used to indicate the period during which
the drum of the memory section N is being searched for data and
receives inputs from the read sequencer 152, the write sequencer
153 and the read-after-write sequencer 146' to indicate their
resepective search times. In other words, the search lamp 137' will
be energized during the time that the drum in the memory section N
is being accessed in a search for data.
The console unit G of the present invention also includes a
redundant address inhibit circuit 157 which receives an input from
the comparator 143 in the manner as illustrated in FIG. 5C. The
redundant address inhibit circuit has an output which serves as an
input to the write sequencer 153. This output to the write
sequencer 153 is effective to nullify the writing of a new part
number if the comparator 143 detects that the address of this new
part number has already been recorded in the memory section N. The
operation of the redundant address inhibit circuit is more fully
described in detail hereinafter.
The console unit G also includes a change track sequencer 158 which
cooperates with and has an output to a similar sequencer in the
central electronics unit H to be hereinafter described. The change
track sequencer 158 receives inputs from both the read sequencer
152 and the write sequencer 153. The change track sequencer 158 has
the ability to permit the sequential changing of tracks on the drum
in the memory section for purposes of reading and writing sectors
of information. The change track sequencer 158 is used with a
particular addressing system which is also described in more detail
hereinafter. However, in this particular addressing system, the
part numbers are all written on one track and the data sectors
associated with those part numbers are written on one or more
adjacent tracks.
The console unit G of the present invention also includes an early
clock sequencer 159 which receives an input from the write clock
line WC from the central electronics unit H. The early clock
sequencer 159 also receives an input from the write sequencer 153
and has an output to the clock gates 147, in the manner as
illustrated in FIG. 5B. The early clock sequencer 159 is used to
permit the transfer of information from the console unit G to the
central electronics unit H on an early clock time basis in order to
obviate delays incurred in long transfer lines between the console
unit G and the central electronics unit H.
Finally, the console unit G includes an update clear sequencer 160
which receives inputs from the write sequencer 153 and the sector
counter 142. The update clear sequencer 160 also receives a console
inhibit input from the central electronics unit H over a console
inhibit line designated as CI from the central electronics unit H.
It can also be observed that the write sequencer 153 similarly
receives the console inhibit input over the line CI. The update
clear sequencer 160 has an output which is ored with the output
from the clear switch 117 in the OR gate 136, in the manner as
illustrated in FIG. 5A. The update clear sequencer 160 is designed
to prevent the visual display of data in the display tubes 111 in
the unusual event that a particular console unit and another remote
console unit are attempting to update the same sectors of
information in the central electronics unit H at the same point in
time, or if information displayed on one remote console unit is
updated by another remote console unit.
By further reference to FIGS. 5A-5C, it can be seen that the read
sequencer 152 receives one input which is from the read switch 118.
The read sequencer 152, however, has outputs directed to the
comparator 143, the clock gate 147, the sector counter 142, the
search light 137', the inhibit gate 148 and the change track
sequencer 158. The write sequencer 153 receives inputs from the
change part number switch 122, the sector counter 142, the write
new part number switch 123, the add switch 119, the subtract switch
120, the write data switch 121, console inhibit signals from the
console inhibit line CI, and the redundant address inhibit from the
redundant address inhibit circuit 157. The write sequencer has
outputs directed to the read-after-write sequencer 146', the search
light 137', the inhibit gate 148, the zeros locator 137, the clock
gate 143, and the WRITE output to the central electronics unit H.
In addition, the write sequencer 153 has outputs directed to the
space code generator 136, the enter register 132, the change track
sequencer 158, and the early clock sequencer 159.
It should be recognized that the various gates previously described
actually consist of one or more gates to perform the various
functions. However, these gates will not be described in any
further detail herein, since the design of a gate to accomplish the
stated function is well within the purview of the skilled
artisan.
By further reference to FIG. 5C, it should be observed that the
console unit G receives inputs from a terminal board 161 located in
the central electronics unit H. The console unit G receives index
clock pulses over the index clock line IC, sector clock pulses over
the sector clock line SC, write clock pulses over the write clock
line WC, read data from a memory data line MD, console inhibit
signals over the console inhibit line CI, and read clock data from
a read clock line RC. In like manner, the console unit G is
provided with a terminal board 162 for connection to the terminal
board 161. The terminal board 162 has contacts which match
comparable contacts on the terminal board 161 for transmitting
add/subtract data over an add/subtract line ASD, console data on a
console data line CD, write command on a WRITE line, add data on an
add line ADD, subtract data on a subtract line SUB, and track jump
signals on a track jump line TJ.
By reference to the composite view of FIG. 5A, 5B and 5C, as well
as FIG. 5D, it can be seen that the console unit G can be removably
connected to the central electronics unit H. Furthermore, a
plurality of console units G can be connected to and operable from
one central electronics unit H in a manner to be hereinafter
described in more detail. It is not necessary to employ a busy lamp
as was required in the numeric apparatus A since each alpha-numeric
console unit G can simultaneously operate from the central
electronics unit G. It should also be recognized that the console
unit G and the central electronics unit H can be conveniently
formed as a unitary assembly in a housing similar to that
illustrated in FIG. 1. Furthermore, these units can be formed as
two distinct and separable units, which are capable of removable
connection to each other. In order to view the composite
illustration of FIGS. 5A through 5D, as a unitary circuit, it is
only necessary to envision a connection of the various lines
extending among FIGS. 5A-5C and to envision a connection of the
various contacts presented in the terminal connectors 161,162.
By further reference to FIGS. 5C and 5D, it can be seen that the
outputs of the console unit G are provided with transmitters 163
prior to connection to contacts on the terminal board 161. In like
manner, the respective compatible lines on the central electronics
unit H which receive the outputs from the console unit G are
provided with receivers 164. Furthermore, the outputs of the
central electronics section N are provided with transmitters 165
prior to connection to the contacts on the terminal board 162. In
like manner, the respective compatible lines in the console unit G
which receive these outputs from the central electronics section H
are provided with receivers 166. These transmitters 163, 165 and
the receivers 164, 166 are substantially identical to the receivers
44 and transmitters 45 in the numeric apparatus A. These receivers
and transmitters are necessary since the various lines connecting
the console unit G and the central electronics unit H contain data
for high speed transfer and these lines may have considerable
length. Therefore, the transmitters 163, 165 are low impedance
drivers and are capable of supplying sufficient current to drive
these lines when loaded with their characteristic impedance levels.
Similarly, the receivers 164, 166 are differential amplifiers with
logic level outputs.
The central electronics unit H, which is more fully illustrated in
FIG. 5D, generally comprises an arithmetic controller 169 and a
serial BCD adder/subtracter 170, the latter of which is similar to
the adder/subtracter 59 used in the numeric apparatus A. The
adder/subtracter 170 receives both add/subtract data on the ASD
line and console data on the CD line. In addition, the
adder/subtracter 170 receives an add pulse on the ADD line and a
subtraction pulse on the subtract line SUB. The adder/subtracter
170 also receives a pair of inputs from the arithmetic controller
169.
A nines complement generator 171 receives the add/subtract data on
the ASD line as well, and provides an output to the
adder/subtracter 170 so that information is provided for either
addition or subtraction. The add and subtract pulses provide an
informative signal to the adder/subtracter 170 to place the decimal
digit component of a sector either in condition for adding or
subtracting. In addition, the add signal line ADD and the subtract
signal line SUB are connected to the arithmetic controller 169 so
that the add and subtract signals are coupled with the write signal
in the arithmetic controller 169. The arithmetic controller 169
also receives a WRITE command from the central electronics unit G
over the WRITE line. In this manner, the arithmetic controller 169
issues a correct pulse to the adder/subtracter 170 to convert sums
therefrom to BCD format and a set carry pulse to provide an end
around carry for subtraction. The arithmetic controller 169
includes a flip-flop (not shown) which determines whether an add or
a subtract function has been instituted as well as the necessary
gating to send out either the add pulses or the subtract pulses
when the write signal occurs. Both pulses may be generated but at
different times, when an add operation and subtract operation are
to take place in different parts of the sector. Furthermore, since
only four bits of each six bit byte are used in either of these
arithmetic functions, the adder/subtracter 170 internally includes
a device to account for the extra two bits in each 6 bit byte.
In the particular code employed, only 4 bits in the least
significant bit positions of each six bit byte are used in the
arithmetic functions. The additional bits are not used in the add
sequencing, and accordingly, no carry can be introduced into the
fifth bit position or the sixth bit position. In the event that a
carry exists with respect to the first four bits, the carry is
added into the first four bits of the next byte. Contrasted to the
numeric unit A, addition was performed with respect to each byte as
they are introduced into the BCD adder/subtracter 59. A carryover
could exist without any implications since no non-numeric data bits
were present. However, since characters including both numerals and
arabic letters are included in the code employed in the
alpha-numeric apparatus B, addition can only be performed to the
first three least significant digit positions. It should be
observed that any number of digits could be used in each sector for
purposes of performing the arithmetic functions.
The nines complement generator 171 is similar to the BCD to nines
complement generator 60 in the numeric apparatus A. This generator
171 serves to place the add/subtract data in proper condition for
subtraction.
The central electronics unit H also includes an accumulated data
sequencer 172 which receives a subtract data input over the
subtract line SUB and a write clock input from the memory section N
to be hereinafter described. The accumulated data sequencer 172 has
an output connected to the input terminal of an ASD storage
register 173 which also receives add/subtract information over the
add/subtract data line ASD. The ASD storage register 173 also has
an output to the serial BCD adder/subtracter 170.
The output of the serial BCD adder/subtracter is introduced into a
preamble register 175 which is similar to the preamble register 67
and is designed to introduce both preamble and postamble bits to
the data to be written into the memory section N. As previously
indicated, each 54 bit sector of information, whether part number
or part data, is provided with a preamble and a postamble.
Furthermore, the preamble and postamble written into each 54 bit
sector may be the same as the preamble and postamble written into
the 36 bit sector in the numeric apparatus A. It should be observed
by reference to FIG. 5D that the preamble register 175 also
receives a reset in the form of a sector clock pulse from a sector
clock amplifier located in the memory section N.
The preamble which is written by the preamble register 175 consists
of eight zeros followed by a one. The preamble is always added to
any part number sector or data sector which is to be written on the
drum in order to allow synchronization of the read electronics on
playback. The first eight zeros of the preamble allow sufficient
time for the read electronics to synchronize upon receipt of a
signal from the memory section N. A postamble of two zeros is added
to each part number sector and each part data sector which is
introduced into the memory section N. The postamble serves to
insure that all of the permanent bits contained in any part number
sector or any data sector has, in fact, been written in the memory
section N.
The central electronics unit H also includes an automatic
read/write controller 175' which receives an input from a write
clock amplifier in the memory section N, to be hereinafter
described, and the controller 175', in turn, provides an output to
the preamble register 175, the serial BDC adder/subtracter 170 and
a write clock output to the console unit G over the write clock
line WC. An output from the read/write controller 175' is also
directed to the read enable circuit in the memory section N. When
multiple console units are employed in a manner hereinafter
described in more detail, the clock pulses are transmitted to the
multiplexer which controls the various console units. The automatic
read/write controller 175' receives a write input from the console
unit G over the WRITE line to inhibit a read signal to the drum in
the memory section N. The automatic read/write controller 175' also
receives a sector clock signal from the memory section N for the
timing of the various functions performed by the read/write
controller 175'. When multiple console units G are employed, the
automatic read/write controller 175' will receive a write fault
signal in the manner as illustrated in FIG. 5D, if two or more
console units attempt to update the same sector on the drum in the
memory section N.
The read signal to the rum in the memory section N is derived from
the automatic read/write controller 175' and must be disabled for a
certain period of time in order to insure that information being
received from the memory section N is free of write transients.
This procedure is significant inasmuch as it is desirable to
maintain a write operation for a minimum amount of time.
Accordingly, the central electronics unit H will normally be
maintained in a read condition so that the memory section N is not
inhibited and must be biased to a write condition by the write
signal from the console unit G over the WRITE line. However, as
soon as writing has been completed, the electronics section H will
automatically shift to a read condition. As indicated, the read and
write functions are complements of each other with delays
incorporated to provide for transient conditions. It should also be
observed that the console inhibit signal over the console inhibit
line CI to the console unit G is derived from the auto read/write
controller 175' and is generated by any write signal from any
console unit G.
It should be observed that the clock pulses used in the writing
mode are not synchronous with the memory section N and, therefore,
the postamble serves the function of insuring that all bits are
written into the memory section. This postamble will enable the
obviation of variations in motor speed, clock pulse rate, etc.
The central electronics unit H also includes a valid data detector
176 which is similar to the valid data detector 63 used in the
numeric apparatus A. The valid data detector 176 operates in
conjunction with a 6 bit counter 177 and receives an input from the
6 bit counter 177 in the manner as illustrated in FIG. 5D. The
valid data detector 176 operates in conjunction with the bit
counter 177 to determine when a sector of 54 bits has been
achieved. Accordingly after 54 bits have been counted by the bit
counter 177, the postamble of an unknown number of bits can be
removed. The preamble ending in the first "one" bit can also be
removed from the next 54 bit sector. Counting will be performed on
a clock time basis inasmuch as the bit counter 177 receives clock
pulses from the read clock amplifier in the memory section N. It
can also be observed that read clock pulses and read data are
transmitted from the valid data detector 176 to the console unit
G.
The central electronics unit H also includes a modulo 8 counter 178
which operates in conjunction with the memory section N in a manner
to be hereinafter described in detail. The modulo 8 counter 178
sequentially selects the eight tracks of the drum in the memory
section N. Unlike the numeric apparatus A, this sequence is never
altered except in the case of track jumping operations to be
hereinafter described. It should be observed that the alpha-numeric
apparatus B does not require a search shift register which was
employed in the numeric apparatus A.
As indicated, the valid data detector 176 receives an input from
the six bit counter 177. The valid data detector 176 also receives
a data output signal and a read clock signal from the memory unit N
in the manner as illustrated in FIG. 5D. The valid data detector
176 thereupon provides a memory data output over the memory date
line MD and a read clock output over the read clock line RC to the
console unit G. The 6 bit counter 177 also receives a read clock
input from the memory unit N and has an output directed to the
accumulated data sequencer 172. The modulo 8 counter 178 receives
an index clock input from the memory unit N and has an output to a
head selection circuit in the memory unit N, in a manner to be
hereinafter described in more detail.
The valid data detector 176 serves as a device for removing both a
preamble and a postamble added to both part number sectors and part
data sectors before the part numbers and part data are introduced
into the memory section N. The valid data detector 176 is capable
of receiving NRZ data from the memory section N in a manner
hereinafter described and producing an NRZ output which is
transmitted to the memory data line MD for transmission of this
data to the console unit G. As indicated, the preamble associated
with any part number sector or part data sector will be recognized
by the valid data detector 176. In recognizing the preamble, the
valid data detector 176 will determine when the preamble "one"
occurs. This is determined by disregarding the read data subsequent
to sector clock pulse for an amount of time determined by a delay
(not shown). The valid data detector 176 is then capable of
disregarding the preamble and postamble associated with any sector
and generating an NRZ output for transmission to the console unit
G. Furthermore, since it is undesirable to count preamble and
postamble clock pulses, the bit counter 177 will only start
counting when the valid data detector 176 sends an advisory signal
to the bit counter 177 which occurs after the preamble and
postamble removal.
The central electronics unit H also includes a track jump sequencer
179 which has an output connected to the modulo 8 counter 178 and
an output connected to the auto read/write controller 175'. The
track jump sequencer 179 also receives an input from the track
change sequencer 158 over the track jump line JT in the manner as
illustrated in FIG. 5D.
The memory section N is similar to the memory section M employed in
the numeric apparatus A and generally comprises a magnetic drum or
disc 180 of the type normally used in digital computing equipment
and which is capable of having NRZ data or data in phase modulation
format or other conventional transitional coding scheme written
thereon. Furthermore, it should be observed that the drum 70 may be
made of a metallic disc having a magnetic tape or a magnetic
recording surface disposed on the annular surface thereof.
The memory section N includes a memory circuit 181 which comprises
a sector clock amplifier 182 providing sector clock pulses to the
preamble register 175, the track jump sequencer 179, the valid data
detector 176, and which also provides sector clock pulses to the
console unit G along the sector clock line SC. It can be observed
that the sector clock amplifier 182 receives the sector clock
pulses from the drum 180. The memory electronics 181 also includes
an index clock amplifier 182 which provides index clock pulses to
the modulo 8 counter 178, the tract jump sequencer 179, the valid
data detector 176 and to the console unit G over the index clock
line IC. The index clock amplifier 183 receives the index clock
pulses from the drum 180. A read clock generator 184, which also
receives the read clock pulses from the drum 180 provides a read
clock output to the valid data detector 176 and the six bit counter
177. A write clock amplifier 185 also receives write clock pulses
from the drum 180 and transmits these pulses to the console unit G
over the write clock line after processing by the automatic
read/write controller 175'. Write clock pulses are also introduced
into the accumulated data sequencer 172. A head selection circuit
186 is operable in connection with the index clock generator 183
and receives pulses from the modulo 8 counter 178 based on index
clock time. The head selection circuit 186 operates to select the
proper track for reading and writing by eight read-write heads 187
which are located in contact with the surface of the drum 180. The
eight heads 187 are illustrated as a circle in FIG. 5D.
When the index clock amplifier 183 provides a clock pulse, the head
selection circuit 186 will be energized in such manner that it
causes the head 187 to switch to the next adjacent track on the
drum 180. In this connection, it should be recognized that the drum
180 has a total number of sectors on each track which is equivalent
to 557 bits per track. Furthermore, it should be observed that any
number of tracks may be located on the drum 180, the number of
which is limited only by the size of the drum 180. Moreover, the
overall diameter of the drum 180 can be increased to provide space
for recording additional sector bits in each track on the drum
180.
The heads 187 function as both reading heads and writing heads and
receive inputs from a read enable circuit 188, a data input circuit
amplifier 189 and a write enable amplifier 190. The data in
amplifier receives data from the preamble register 175 in NRZ
format and is capable of introducing both part number and part data
onto the drum 180 in the drum code format. The write enable
amplifier 190 actually receives the write command from the console
unit G on the WRITE line. The memory electronics 181 also includes
a data output amplifier 191 where the data read from the drum 180
is transmitted through the amplifier 191 to the valid data detector
176. It can be seen that the read clock amplifier 184 also has an
output connected to the valid data detector 176. Finally, the read
clock amplifier 184 receives an input from the read enable circuit
188.
OPERATION OF THE ALPHA-NUMERIC DATA SYSTEM
From the foregoing description of the apparatus B, it can be
observed that information may be entered into the console unit G by
a plurality of techniques. First of all, both part numbers and part
data associated with the part numbers can be introduced into the
console G by means of actuation of the keys 113-116 on the keyboard
112. Secondly, data can be introduced into the console unit G,
particularly for addition and subtraction functions, by means of
the thumbwheel digit switches 138. Finally, data may be introduced
into the console unit G by actuation of any one or more of the
digit change switches 140. As indicated previously, information is
introduced into the console unit G in such manner that a part
number which may contain as many as 9 characters either in arabic
form or decimal digit form is represented by 54 bits, or 9 bytes of
6 bits each. Thus, a part number will be represented by a sector of
54 bits and the part data associated with that part number will be
represented by a second sector of 54 bits.
When it is desired to write a new part number onto the drum 180,
the operator of the apparatus B will actuate the clear switch 117.
In the numeric apparatus A, it is necessary to introduce all zeros
into the display shift register 20 and search the drum 70 for an
all zero location. However, in the alpha-numeric apparatus B, the
write new part number switch 123 operates with the zeros locator
137 to select an all zero sector location in the drum 180. After
the clear switch 117 has been actuated, data may be introduced into
the console register 130 through actuation of the various switches
113-116 on the keyboard 112. After the new part number has been
introduced into the console register, circulation of this
information will take place through the console register 130. It
can be observed that the output of the console register 130 is
recirculated back through the gate 146 and into the input of the
console register 130. It should be observed that the data
introduced through the keyboard is delayed slightly in order to
account for any keyboard vibration as previously described in
connection with the numeric apparatus A. The information introduced
into the console register 130 will be visually depicted on the
display tubes 111, in the manner as previously described. The anode
shift register 135 and the 6 bit to 13 segment decoder 134, in
combination with the console register 130 operate to collectively
and consecutively energize each of the display tubes 111. Each
character which is represented by 6 bits in the console register
130 will be visually depicted on one of the display tubes 111 for
approximately 100 microseconds. Thereafter, the display will shift
to the next adjacent display tube 111 for an additional 100
microseconds. This procedure of consecutive display of each of the
characters represented by respective bits in the console register
130 is based on memory clock data which is received from the drum
180.
After the part number has been introduced into the console register
130, the operator can then press the write new part number switch
123. As this occurs, the gating structure previously described will
be enabled in such manner to permit the part number to pass through
the console data line CD into the central electronics unit H. This
part number will pass through the serial BCD adder/subtracter and
into the preamble register 175 where both a preamble and a
postamble can be introduced onto the part number, and thereafter,
the part number is written onto the drum 180. When the write new
part number switch 123 is actuated, the display on the display
tubes 111 will momentarily vanish and thereafter display the new
part number. During this sequence, the search light 137' will be
energized to indicate that no information can be written into the
memory until the light 137' is deenergized. At the time that the
display tubes 111 are deenergized, the console register 130 is not
immediately available for new data due to the access time in the
memory section N. Accordingly, if another switch on the console
unit G is actuated during the time that the search light 137' is
energized, no function can take place.
It should be observed that information in the console register 130
is continually circulating from the right-hand end of the register,
reference being made to FIG. 5C, back to the input thereof. The
information will shift in 6 bit bytes on a memory clock time basis.
After 6 shift pulses have been generated for shifting 6 bits in the
console register 130, a delay is created for the strobing of the
display tubes 111. A second shift of 6 bits takes place on a memory
clock time basis and strobing of the next display tube 111 then
occurs. This sequence takes place continuously during the display
operation.
When writing data onto the drum 180, the clear switch 117 is then
actuated. The part number with which the data is to be associated
is then introduced into the console register 130 by actuation of
the various keys 113-116 on the keyboard 112. This information is
then introduced into the console register 130 in the manner as
previously described. Thereafter, the write data switch 121 is
actuated which immediately causes the display tubes 111 to
deenergize and the search light 137' to become energized. In
addition, the part number which was displayed on the display tubes
111 will disappear leaving a blank display. During the time that
the search light 137' is energized, searching will be accomplished
to determine the location of the desired part number on the drum
180. The comparator 143 which is located in the console unit G will
receive bits on a serial basis from the console register 130
through the zeros locator 137. In like manner, the comparator 143
receives data from the drum 180 on the read/data line. When the
write data switch 121 is actuated, the data output amplifier 191
will receive the various part number sectors on the drum 180
through the heads 187. This information will pass through the valid
data detector 176 for preamble and postamble removal and for
transmission over the memory data line MD. Accordingly, the
information read from the drum 180 will be compared with the
information from the console register 130 serially on a bit-by-bit
basis.
After comparison has been recognized, the search light 137' will
become immediately deenergized. It should also be observed that the
sector counter 142 will be counting the sector clock pulses that
are received from the central electronics unit H. The sector
counter 142 will recognize the beginning of the sector in which
comparison was found. As indicated, when comparison is found, the
search light 137' will be deenergized. At this point in time, the
operator can then introduce data into the console register 130 by
actuation of the keyboard 112. Again, this data will be displayed
on the display tubes 111 in the manner as previously described. The
display of this data will enable the operator to make a visual
check for accuracy of the information introduced into the console
register 130. The operator then actuates the write data switch 121
for a second time. The display tubes 111 will again become
deenergized and the new data will reappear thereafter in the
display tubes 111. During the time that the display tubes 111 are
deenergized, the search light 137' will be energized. When the
write data switch 121 is actuated for the second time, the write
data line is enabled thereby permitting the write amplifier 119 to
cause the heads 187 to write this new data onto the drum 180. In
addition, the write line WRITE will be activated causing the new
data to be recorded.
Part data contained on the drum 180 can be read by first actuating
the clear switch 117 and thereafter introducing the part number
associated with the desired part data into the console register 130
by actuation of the keys 113-116 on the keyboard 112. After the
desired part number has been introduced into the console register
130 and displayed on the display tubes 111, the operator can then
actuate the read switch 118. It is to be noted that read
information has been introduced into the console unit G at all
times on the read data line. When the read switch 118 is actuated,
the console register 130 will permit circulation of the bits
contained therein until the least significant bit of the part
number sector is located in the least significant bit position in
the console register; that is, where the least significant bit is
located in the right-hand flip-flop 131 in the console register
130. Comparison is then made with the information on the drum 180
on bit-by-bit basis in the manner as previously described.
Comparison will be determined only at sector time, also in the
manner as previously described. If the information in the console
register 130 is compared with information read from the drum 180 on
the bit-by-bit basis, then the next adjacent sector on the drum 180
in sequence, is the part data sector which contains the part data
to be read. It should also be observed that the modulo 557 sector
counter 142 was set in order to record the location on the drum 180
from which the part data was read and introduced into the console
register 130.
This counter 142 is initialized so that each time the counter 142
achieves a count of 557 bits, the location of the desired data is
recognized. At this point in time, the next sector is gated through
the input gate 146 into the console register 130 and is circulated
6 bits at a time and displayed on the display tubes 111. When the
read switch 118 is actuated, the display on the tubes 111 will
momentarily vanish and the data associated with the part number
will then appear. During the time that the display 111 is
deenergized, the search light 137' will be energized in the manner
as previously described. At this point in time, the data associated
with the introduced part number has then been transferred to the
console register 130. This data as indicated will be depicted on
the display tubes 111.
In order to rewrite or change an existing part number, the operator
will actuate the clear switch 117. Thereafter, the operator will
introduce the existing part number into the console register 130 by
actuation of the keys 113-116 on the keyboard 112. This existing
part number will be displayed on the display tubes 111 in the
manner as previously described. Thereafter, the change part number
switch 122 is actuated. At this point in time, the display tubes
111 will then clear and the search light 137' will become
energized. During this portion of time, the existing part number
which has been introduced into the console register 130 is being
compared with information read from the drum 180 on a bit-by-bit
basis in the manner as previously described. When comparison has
been found, the search light 137' will be deenergized.
The operator can then introduce the new part number into the
console register 130 by actuation of the selected keys 113-116 on
the keyboard 112. The change part number switch 122 is actuated for
a second time which will cause a deenergization of the display
tubes 111 and a reenergization of the search light 137'. As this
occurs, the changed part number which was introduced into the
console register 130 is written on the drum 180. This information
is passed through the output of the console register 130 over the
console data line CD through the serial BCD adder/subtracter 170
and into the preamble register 175. A preamble and postamble will
be added to this part number in the manner as described where the
part number will be in a form to be properly written onto the drum
180 and the new part number is then redisplayed. If it is desired
to read the part data associated with the rewritten part number,
the read switch 118 is then actuated and this part data will appear
in the console register 130 and the display tubes 111 in the manner
as previously described.
As indicated previously, the preferred method of addressing the
information which is recorded on the drum 180 resides in the
recording of part number sectors on one track of the drum and part
data sectors associated with those part numbers on at least the
next adjacent track, and on a sector which is spaced in advance of
the part number sector. It has been found that by recording the
part numbers successively on an individual track or on a plurality
of tracks, where the tracks contain only part numbers, that all
part numbers can be examined in a substantially smaller amount of
time then when data sectors are mixed with the part number sectors
on the same track. Accordingly, the access time to the drum 180 is
substantially reduced.
In the searching operation for a part number, the systematic search
of all part numbers in the part number track will take place in the
manner as previously described. When it is desired to acquire the
data associated with that part number, the head select circuit 186
will select another track on the drum 180 containing the data
sectors. In like manner, when it is desired to write data, the data
is written on a sector of one of the tracks which does not include
the part numbers. It is to be noted that the change track sequencer
158 has inputs from both the read sequencer 152 and the write
sequencer 153. Accordingly, when it is desired to read or write in
a sector located on a track other than a part number track, the
read sequencer 152 or the write sequencer 153 is advised of the
changes occurring in the change track sequencer 158. The change
track sequencer 158 is connected to the track jump sequencer 179
and is capable of commanding a track jump to the central
electronics unit H. This track jump signal is a high speed signal
to the central electronics unit H which immediately causes the head
select circuit 186 to select a different track. At the same time,
the track jump sequencer 179 inhibits the data information and
clock pulses from being transferred from the memory electronics 181
to the console unit G during the transition to and from the various
tracks in the drum 180. This inhibition of information transfer is
desirable after track changes in order to allow for head recovery.
It should be noted that the inhibiting of the clock pulses is
achieved by a signal from the jump track sequencer 179 to the auto
read/write controller 175'. It should also be noted that the jump
track sequencer generates an input signal to the modulo 8 counter
178.
It is to be noted that the data sector is located at least 2
sectors after the part number sector and on a different track in
order to allow for head recovery time. Thus, when the reading head
187 detects the presence of the desired part number in a part
number track, the change track sequencer 158 and the jump track
sequencer 179 will cause another head 187 to read the next adjacent
track in order to locate the correct data associated with that part
number. In many cases, a sector of information is not read as the
head switches from track to track and, accordingly, by locating the
data sector at least two sectors in advance of the part number
sector, the head 187 is capable of reading the data sector after
the track switching operation. Furthermore, after the head 187
switches back to the original part number track, the head will
remain on that track for at least one more revolution of the drum
180 before any additional track switching operations take
place.
While the present invention speaks of switching the heads 187, it
should be recognized that this terminology has been employed to
maintain consistency with terminology of this art. Actually, the
head 187 does not physically change position, during track
switching operations, but only the head of the next adjacent track
is caused to read or write in such next adjacent track. However, it
should also be recognized that with proper circuitry, only one head
187 could be employed and with proper shifting mechanism, the head
187 could physically shift from track to track.
In the case where two or more sectors of data are employed with
each part number, a sector counter (not shown) in the track jump
sequencer 179 determines whether the part number sector is an
even-numbered sector of an odd-numbered sector. This particular
counter receives the sector clock pulses and index clock pulses for
this purpose. It should be observed that the track jump sequencer
179 receives index clock pulses and sector clock pulses from the
memory electronics 181. Accordingly, it is possible to maintain a
recognition of the occurrence of the part number in the particular
part number track. For example, in the situation where multiple
data sectors are associated with one part number sector, the track
jump sequencer will determine if the part number is an odd-numbered
or even-numbered part number with respect to its location on the
track. Thus, the part number P.N. 10 is an odd numbered part number
since it occurs in the first sector of the part number track.
Accordingly, the data associated with this part number sector is
located in the next adjacent track. The part number designated as
P.N. 11 is located in an even numbered sector, namely the second
sector, and therefore, the data associated with this part number is
located in the third track. In like manner, if three sectors of
data were associated with a particular part number, data for the
third part number in succession would be located in the fourth
track.
The redundant address inhibit circuit 157 is designed to prevent
the writing of a part number which has already been recorded, but
still remains active in the drum 180. It is to be noted that all
sequencers, and in fact, most of the components in this system are
initialized by reset signals from the clear switch 117. The
circuitry to each of the components from the clear switch 117 and
the OR gate 136' has not been illustrated, in order to maintain
clarity in the drawings. It is to be noted that the redundant
address inhibit circuit 157 receives an input from the write part
number switch 123 which provides indication to the redundant
address inhibit circuit 157 when a write part number operation has
been initiated upon actuation of the write part number switch 123.
Further, the input to the redundant address inhibit circuit 157
from the comparator 143 advises when a sector of all zeros has been
found in the drum 180 for the writing of a new part number. In like
manner, the redundant address inhibit circuit 157 has an output to
the write sequencer 153 which provides a nullify signal to the
write sequencer 153 if the comparator detects the presence of the
redundant address in the drum 180.
When the comparator 143 has found an all zeros location for writing
a new part number, the write sequencer 153 will cause a review of
the entire drum 180 to rearrive at the desired writing location.
During the time interval between the finding of an all zeros
location and the actual writing, which is equivalent to a full
revolution of the drum 180, the comparator 143 is still looking for
comparison with the console register data, namely the part number
to be written. If during this period of time, the comparator finds
that the part number has already been recorded on the drum 180, it
inhibits any further writing as a result of the input to the write
sequencer 153.
The bit counter 147 enables the use of partial sector addressing in
the alpha-numeric data system of the present invention. In many
cases, it is not necessary to employ all character positions in a
sector for part number (locator) addressing. For example, a 9
character sector space is available and if only 5 characters are
necessary to identify a part number, the remaining 4 characters can
be used for part data associated with the part number represented
by the first 5 characters. In this case, the five 6 bit bytes or 30
bits would represent the part number and the additional 24 bits of
the sector would represent part data associated with the 5
character part number.
When employing a partial sector address, the comparator 143 uses
only those characters which comprise the address portion for
purposes of comparison, and thereby ignores those characters
representing data in that sector. In order to accomplish this
partial address comparison, the comparator 143 is initialized after
the data portion of the sector has passed in time. Inasmuch as the
bit combinations representing the characters in the sector are
recorded in reverse order, the first set of characters of a
particular sector would then be data representing characters.
Accordingly, if four of the characters in the nine character sector
were data characters, the first four characters read by the
comparator 143 would constitute the data characters. The bit
counter 147' would count the first 24 bits representing these four
characters, thereby rendering a determination that the data
characters have passed beyond or passed through the comparator 143.
At this point in time, the comparator then initiates comparison so
that the remaining five characters in each part number sector are
compared with five characters introduced from the keyboard 112 and
then into the console register 130.
The data for addition and subtraction is introduced into the
console unit G by means of the thumbwheel digit switches 138. This
data is converted in the parallel to serial converter 139 and
transmitted to the serial BCD adder/subtracter over the
add/subtract data line ASD. The add/subtract data on the ASD line
is also introduced into the nines complement generator 171 and the
output of this generator 171 is reintroduced into the
adder/subtracter 170.
In order to perform the addition or subtraction function, the
operator firsts actuates the clear switch 117 and then introduces
the part number associated with the part data to be changed by
actuation of the keys 113-116 on the keyboard 112. The 6 bits
representative of each character or the total sector of 54 bits is
thereby introduced into the console register 130 in the manner as
previously described. This part number will be displayed on the
display tubes 111, also in a manner as previously described.
Thereafter, the operator actuates the read switch 118 which will
cause the display on the tubes 111 to momentarily vanish and the
search light 137' to become energized. The part number address is
searched in the memory 180 and when comparison is found, the search
light 137' will be deenergized and will display the part data
associated with that part number.
After the part number address has been found on the memory drum
180, the next adjacent sector to that part number contains the part
data associated with that part number, and hence that part data
will be displayed on the display tubes 111. The desired amounts to
be added or subtracted are introduced into the console unit G by
turning the thumbwheels 138 on the thumbwheel digit switches 138 to
the desired quantities. If an addition function is to take place,
the operator will then actuate the add switch 119 and, as indicated
previously, the addition will take place in the adder/subtracter
170.
When the least significant bit is located in the least significant
bit position in the console register 130, an inhibit line to the
console register 130 will prevent clock pulses from being
introduced into the console register 130. The sector counter 142
will then count the 557 bits and will recognize the address in the
drum 180 when the least significant digit is located in the least
significant bit positions of the console register 130. It should be
observed that when the least significant bit of the sector is
located in the least significant bit position in order to enable a
subsequent writing operation, accordingly, clocking operations in
the console register 130 terminate before receiving any sector
clock pulses from the sector counter for proper addressing. Console
data information and add/subtract data is simultaneously
transmitted through the adder/subtractor 170. After addition has
been accomplished, the sum is passed through the preamble register
175 where both the preamble and postamble are written onto the new
part data. This sum is then written directly onto the drum 180 in
the proper location.
The data generated by the thumbwheel digit switches 138 is in
parallel form and is converted to serial format in the parallel to
serial converter 139 and transmitted in this serial form to the
adder/subtracter 170. In like manner, data from the console
register 130 is also added to the serial BCD adder/subtracter 170
over the console data line CD. Addition of these streams of bits
from the register 130 and parallel to serial converter 139 can only
take place when the least significant bit of each of the bit
sectors is located in such fashion that it is the first bit in the
sector to be received by the serial BCD adder/subtracter 170.
Furthermore, bit streams from both the converter 139 and the
register 130 are shifted by means of clock pulses so that
comparison is made on a clock pulse basis.
When the add switch 119 or the subtract switch 120 is actuated by
the operator, the display tubes 111 will be momentarily deenergized
and the search light 137'will be energized. Actuation of the
addition switch 119 or the subtraction switch 120 will also enable
this information, which is operated upon in the adder/subtracter
170, to be written onto the drum 180 in the proper data sector
after it passes through the preamble register 175. The new data is
then displayed on the display tubes 111.
A character introduced into the console register 130 and displayed
on the display tubes 111 can be changed in the same manner as the
character was changed in the numeric apparatus A. When it is
desired to change any particular character as represented by the
display tubes 111, the operator merely presses the digit change
switch 140 located proximate to that display tube 111 and the new
character is introduced by actuating the proper key on the keyboard
112. The character will then immediately appear in the display tube
111 and the bits representing that new character will also be
properly introduced in the proper bit positions in the console
register 130.
It can be observed that the output of the display location decode
circuit 133 is anded with the strobe from the 6 bit BCD encoder 126
through the delay 128 in the character load gates 127. An output
from the display location decode circuit 133 will occur when the
six bits representing the character to be changed are located in
the least significant bit positions (flip-flops 131) of the console
register 130. For example, when one of the character edit switches
140 is actuated, an output from the display location decode 133
will occur when the stage of the anode shift register 135
associated with that particular edit switch 140 is rendered
true.
If the operator actuates the seventh character edit switch, an
output from the display location decode circuit 133 will occur when
the seventh stage of the anode shift register 135 is rendered true.
One of the keys on the keyboard 112 is actuated after the actuation
of a character edit switch 140. Actuation of this key will generate
six bits through the six bit BCD encoder 126 and which six bits are
introduced into the character gates 127. Again, these six bits will
only enter into the last six bit positions of the console register
130 when a strobe is received at the character load gates 127.
Furthermore, these six bits will only enter the last six bit
positions of the console register 130 when the seventh stage of the
anode shift register 135 is rendered true.
It should be observed that the part number/data flip-flop 141
monitors the various sectors which are part number sectors and the
various sectors which are part data sectors. In essence, this
flip-flop 141 maintains a monitoring of which sector should be
allocated for part numbers. The first sector reached after a track
change on the drum 180 is allocated for part numbers. This
procedure eliminates the searching for a part number and avoids
inadvertent possible comparison with part data. Accordingly, the
flip-flop 141 discriminates between the various sectors in order to
avoid any possibility of part data/part number confusion. It should
also be observed that the particular clock pulses used will change
with the particular memory section N employed. The index clock
pulses are generated for each revolution of the drum 180. The
sector clock pulses are provided by the sector clock amplifier 182
at the beginning of each sector. A write clock pulse is generated
by the write clock generator 185 which is essentially an oscillator
used to clock the data on the drum. Read clock pulses are also
generated from the data as it comes off of the drum 180 so that the
read clock pulses are always in proper timing with the data read
from the drum 180. Decoding is performed in the drum 180 by
detecting flux reversal for generation of data as well as read
clock pulses.
In the numeric apparatus A, the read sequencer 55 is always
initiated at some state where it searches for bit comparison and
reads the part data or part number for that location. In essence,
the read sequencer 55 reads all sectors for which there is a data
clock pulse from the valid data detector 63. The read sequencer 55
does not examine the sector next adjacent to which information is
written, inasmuch as no clock pulse exists. As indicated
previously, sector clock pulses are inhibited for one sector after
a write operation. However, in the alpha-numeric apparatus B, the
drum 180 is not generating data for any particular sector. Once
data is transmitted from the preamble and postamble removal circuit
176, this data is ready for introduction into the console register
130.
The modulo 8 counter 178 by virtue of receipt of the index clock
pulses selects the proper head 187 for reading from the drum 180.
The head select circuit 186 actually selects one of the eight heads
on the drum for this reading function. This selection operation is
based on a continuous cycling for selection of the proper head 187
so that all sectors are examined sequentially. In essence, the
sector clock pulses generated in the sector clock generator 182
indicate the beginning of each data sector of 54 bits and advises
the console unit G of the beginning and ending of each sector in
order to attain the proper 54 bits.
It should be observed that all clock information transferred from
the console unit G to the drum 180 of the central electronics unit
H and all return information to the console unit G are high speed
transfers at the drum rate. However, it can be observed that if a
long cable length were employed between the drum 180 and the
console unit G, then all information transfers and the clock pulses
would be delayed by as much as several hundred nanoseconds.
Accordingly, the alpha-numeric apparatus B of the present invention
employs an early clock system which includes the early clock
sequencer 159, illustrated in FIG. 5B.
It can be seen that the early clock sequencer 159 receives a write
clock input over the write clock line WC. It can also be seen that
the auto read/write controller 175' generates the write clock
signals from the central electronics unit H, and these write clock
pulses are always used in any write operation for recording either
part numbers or data on the drum 180. FIGS. 9A-9H illustrate the
various timing relationships between the write clock pulses and the
data that is to be written on the drum 180. FIG. 9A illustrates
three write clock pulses designated as a, b and c, as they leave
the central electronics unit H at the drum rate. If long cable
transfer is involved, FIG. 9B illustrates the timing relationship
with respect to the generation of the clock pulses and the time at
which the three clock pulses a, b, c are received at the console
unit G. FIG. 9C illustrates the timing at which data accompanied by
these clock pulses would be received at the central electronics
unit H after transmission from the console unit G. It can be seen
that the clock pulses are received at the console unit G (FIG. 9B)
approximately one and a half clock pulses late, due to long cable
transfer. Again, it can be observed that the clock pulses received
at the drum 180, as represented by the clock pulses in FIG. 9C,
would be approximately 3 clock pulses late.
FIG. 9D illustrates the timing in which it is desired to have data
from the console unit received at the central electronics unit for
purposes of writing. However, it can be observed that due to the
long cable transfer delay, the data which would accompany the clock
pulses in FIG. 9C arrive in a time relationship as illustrated in
FIG. 9E. Again, it can be seen that the "1" data pulse is again one
and a half clock pulses late at the drum 180.
FIG. 9F illustrates the issuance of 3 clock pulses from the auto
read/write controller 175' and which are two clock pulses early. By
generating the clock pulse frame with two early clock pulses, it
can be seen that the same "1" data pulse arrives at the central
electronics unit H in accordance with FIG. 9G. Furthermore, it is
possible to offset the data pulse with respect to the clock pulses
so that the data pulse arrives in the manner as illustrated in FIG.
9H. Accordingly, to avoid the problem with temperature and time
shifts, it is possible to add the proper delay so that the clock
pulse falls essentially in the middle of the data pulse as
illustrated by comparing FIG. 9A with FIG. 9H.
The number of early clock pulses which is utilized in any
particular console unit G depends on the amount of cable delay
incurred between that console unit G and the central electronics
unit H. If a number of console units G were connected to the
central electronics unit H, the amount of the number of early clock
pulses utilized by each of the console units may differ, depending
upon the amount of cable length. The maximum number of early clock
pulses utilized by any one console unit would be sent to all
console units and each of the individual console units would
utilize the required number of early clock pulses for transmission
of the data to the central electronics unit for a proper time
basis. It can be observed that by employing early clock pulses,
this excess in the total number of write clock pulses transmitted
to all console units would interfere with reading operations. Those
console units which are reading as opposed to writing would
experience a net gain in clock pulses, and this would manifest
itself during the recirculation of the data in the console register
during write operations. Accordingly, the data would be shifted
with respect to the sector clock pulse time, thereby nullifying the
capability of reading. It can be observed that the data always
lines up with the least significant bit first, and if three or four
early clock pulses are directed to each console unit, there would
be a shift in console data with respect to sector clock.
Accordingly, the data shift in the console register 130 would be
off at least three or four bits with respect to the first
significant bit. In order to correct this possible situation,
during the sector following any write operations the auto
read/write controller 175 will send to all console units G, a
number of clock pulses less than the normal amount, by an amount
identical to the extra clock pulses or so-called early clock pulses
during the writing operation. In other words, if three early clock
pulses are sent to all console units during the writing operation,
and in the sector following, three less clock pulses will be sent
to each console unit, thereby rendering a net gain of zero clock
pulses after two sectors.
The alpha-numeric apparatus B of the present invention includes a
provision for accumulating certain of the data in each of the data
sectors, by virtue of the existence of the accumulated data
sequencer 172, and the ASD storage register 173. It should be
observed that in a nine character sector consisting of 54 bits,
several of the bit positions would be reserved for an accumulated
data portion where another portion of bits would be reserved for
arithmetic data. Referring to FIG. 11, it can be seen that four
character positions containing 24 bits are reserved for accumulated
data, and three character positions consisting of 18 bits are
reserved for arithmetic data which is often called add/subtract
data.
The accumulated data sequencer 172 is initiated by the subtract
signal over the subtract line SUB, and also employs an input from
the 6 bit counter 177, the latter of which indicates the position
of the accumulated data in the sector. The 6 bit counter 177 will
permit the gating of write clock pulses through the accumulated
data sequencer 172 to the ASD storage register 173 in order to
present add/subtract data to the serial BCD adder/subtracter 170.
The clock pulses are added to the ASD storage register 173 during
the portion of the sector which contains add/subtract data, and
this data is the first group of bits which is read from the drum
180. The pulses directed to the ASD storage register 173 are
stopped for the bit positions containing the next character which
do not represent arithmetic data. The clock pulses are again
started when the 37th bit is read from the drum 180, and this bit
represents the beginning of the character positions. The clock
pulses to the ASD storage register 173 and the adder/subtracter 170
are controlled by the accumulated data sequencer 172. At a proper
point in time, a clock pulse is directed to the ASD storage
register 173 to cause the bit in the register 173 to be entered
into the serial BCD adder/subtracter 170, so that these bits can
then be serially added to data of the console register 130.
Thus, it can be seen that if data is entered by means of the
thumbwheel switches 138 into the parallel to serial converter 139,
data is transmitted over the ASD line through the arithmetic
controller to the serial BCD adder/subtracter 170. This information
is then subtracted from the ASD data portion of the sector and
stored in the ASD storage register 173. This information is then
clocked out of the ASD storage register 173 and then added to the
accumulated data portion of the sector. Further, it should be noted
that information can be continually accumulated in the portion of
the sector reserved for accumulated data. Each time one wishes to
add more data to this portion of the sector, the data merely
accumulates itself as data is subtracted from the ASD portion of
the sector. For example, if one wished to accumulate the number of
sales, the four character positions consisting of 24 bits would be
reserved for the accumulated sales.
It can be observed that there are a number of differences which
exist between the alpha-numeric apparatus B and the numeric
apparatus A. One major difference resides in the elimination of the
search shift register in the apparatus B, which existed in the
apparatus A. In the alpha-numeric apparatus B, the console register
130 is used for the multiple purpose of displaying the information
in the display tubes 111, storing the data which is to be read, and
assisting in the comparison. As indicated previously, this search
shift register 50 in the numeric apparatus A is replaced with the
sector counter in the alpha-numeric apparatus B. Secondly, in the
writing of a new part number in the numeric apparatus A, all zeros
are introduced into the display register 20; whereas in the
alpha-numeric apparatus B, this function is obviated by virtue of
the write new part number switch 132 and the attendant zeros
locator 137. A third difference resides in the use of the 6 bit
code for the alpha-numeric apparatus B as opposed to the 4 bit code
for the numeric apparatus A. It should be observed that the console
register 130 in the alpha-numeric apparatus B maintains its own
addressing so that the multiple function console is more easily
implemented, inasmuch as each console unit maintains its own
address and each console unit can read in parallel. Furthermore,
each console unit can read simultaneously for searching of the
proper address. When the proper address of the part number or the
part data associated therewith has been found, the console register
G may simply permit the gating of the read data into the console
register 130 for comparison in conjunction with the comparator 143.
It should be observed that in multiple console units hereinafter
described, one particular console unit G is not interfaced with any
other console unit G.
One other significant difference resides in head selection, which
in the alpha-numeric apparatus B is controlled only in the central
electronics unit H. The head selection is not controlled by the
console G. As indicated previously, head selection occurs by a
cycle of monitoring through all sectors continuously. One other
major difference between the two apparatus resides in the use of
the transfer lines XS and DX which carry signals from the
sequencers and the central electronics E to the console unit C. In
the alpha-numeric apparatus B, the central electronics unit H
essentially transmits transfer information to the console unit G at
all times. The console unit G in the alpha-numeric apparatus B
operates on the basis of comparison by reading the control data.
This is performed on a sector clock time basis and the information
is transferred to the drum 180 on a sector clock time. Transfer
which was assisted by the central electronics unit E in the numeric
apparatus A is now handled completely by the console unit G of the
alpha-numeric apparatus B.
MULTIPLE ALPHA-NUMERIC CONSOLE UNITS
It is possible to connect a plurality of console units G to one
central electronics unit H in the manner as illustrated in FIG. 6.
It should be observed that each of these alpha-numeric console
units G is schematically illustrated in FIG. 6 and only two of such
units are shown. However, it should be recognized that at least 3
or more of these console units G could be connected to one central
electronics unit H. Wen multiple console units are employed, these
console units are interfaced to the central electronics unit H
through a multiplexer 192. The console units have been designated
as G.sub.1 and G.sub.2.
The data outputs of each of these console units G.sub.1 and G.sub.2
are all connected to an OR gate structure 193 including five or
gates 194 contained in the multiplexer 192. An individual
arithmetic controller 169 is associated with each console unit so
that a separate arithmetic controller will be provided for each
console unit and each of these arithmetic controllers are contained
in the multiplexer 192. Thus, it can be seen that the add/subtract
data line from each of the console units G.sub.1 and G.sub.2 are
connected to a first OR gate 194. The console data line CD of each
of these console units is connected to a second OR gate. In like
manner, the write line WRITE, the add line ADD, and the subtract
line SUB from each of these units is respectively connected to an
OR gate 193 in the manner as illustrated in FIG. 6. In addition,
the write, add and subtract lines are inputs to the arithmetic
controller 169 associated with a particular console unit which
issues "set carry" or end-around carry pulses labeled EAC and
"correct" pulses labeled COR for each console unit to enable
addition and subtraction functions. The outputs of each of these
arithmetic controllers 169 are ored together in OR gates 195.
The outputs of the central electronics unit H do not pass through
any gating structure but are connected directly to each of the
individual console units G.sub.1 and G.sub.2 through the
transmitters 165. For example, the sector clock line from the
multiplexer 192 has two outputs, each being connected to a
particular console unit. In like manner, the index output, the read
clock output, the memory data output, the console inhibit output,
and the write clock output from the central electronics unit H are
each individually connected to the console units in the manner as
illustrated. The data is sent continuously and sequentially to all
console units from the central electronics unit except during the
sector time in which any console unit performs a write operation,
and the sector time immediately following the first sector time. It
can be observed that multiple consoles are more easily implemented
with the alpha-numeric apparatus B than with a numeric apparatus A,
inasmuch as the alpha-numeric apparatus B maintains much of the
electronic function in the console unit G.
When comparing FIG. 5D with FIG. 6, it can be seen that the
components of the central electronics unit H and the memory section
N have been combined into a unit schematically illustrated and
labeled "Central Electronics." The central electronics unit of FIG.
6 contains all of the components of the memory section N and the
central electronics unit H, the latter including the modulo 8
counter 178, the valid data detector 176, the six bit counter 177,
the nines complement generator 171, the serial BCD adder/subtracter
170 and the preamble register 175, the auto read/write controller
175', the accumulated data sequencer 172, the ASD storage register
173 and the track jump sequencer 179, with the exception of the
arithmetic controller 169.
The five input signals from each console unit, namely, the add,
subtract, add/subtract data, console data and WRITE signals are all
concerned with writing information on the drum 180 of the memory
section N. Since these signals are only concerned with writing in
one or more particular sectors of the drum 180, they can be gated
so that a multiplicity of console units can virtually write into
the memory section N simultaneously. In other words, the
probability of two or more consoles functioning to write into the
same memory sector of the drum during the same memory revolution is
virtually zero, even with a large number of console units
interfaced to the multiplexer 192.
The add, write and subtract lines after being regenerated by the
receivers 160 (not shown in FIG. 6) are inputs to the arithmetic
controller 169. The arithmetic controller 169, in turn, generates
convert and set carry output signals based on the combination of
the inputs to the controller 169. These outputs occur only at a
sector time during which a write function is to take place. These
outputs are then "ored" with the like signals from other console
units in the OR gates 194.
The add/subtract data lines ASD and the console data lines CD are
similarly "ored" in the gates 194. The outputs of all seven OR
gates 194 are then transferred to the multiplexer 192. It can be
seen that each console is able to access the memory section for a
read or write operation without delaying or interfering with
another console unit which is interfaced to the multiplexer
192.
When more than one console unit is connected to and capable of
accessing a single central electronics unit, the system contains
circuitry for (1) the detection of updates to observe data and (2)
the prevention of a simultaneous changing of any part number or
data from different console units. In other words, if one console
unit G has accessed the memory section N and is displaying a part
number or data sector on the display tubes 111, another remote
console unit updating the part number the data sector or sectors
associated with that part number will cause the former console to
blank its display. For this purpose, it is to be noted that the
auto read/write controller 175' generates a console inhibit signal
which is transmitted to each of the console units over the console
inhibit line CI at the time any write operation takes place.
Further, it is to be noted that the console inhibit signal is
directed to the write sequencer 153 in each of the console units.
In addition, the console inhibit signal is directed to the update
clear sequencer 160 in each of the console units.
By means of this circuitry, if one console unit G has accessed the
central electronics unit H in the memory section N by means of
accessing the multiplexer, this first console unit G will have the
part number or the data sector associated therewith displayed on
the two display tubes 111. If another console unit G writes, a
console inhibit signal is generated in the auto read/write
controller 175' and the console inhibit signal is transmitted to
each of the console units which are connected to the multiplexing
unit. It should be noted that the sector address counter of the
console unit G accessing the multiplexing unit will detect in time
when the data or part number which is desired is passing the read
and write heads 187 on the drum 180. Accordingly, if another remote
console unit attempts to update that particular address by means of
the part number or the data associated therewith, the remote
console unit, which is also receiving the console inhibit signal,
will generate a clear signal so that the data will be cleared from
the display of the remote console unit. In addition, if two console
units G attempt to update the same memory sector, the AND gate 194
in the multiplexer recognizes this update condition. Thereafter, a
write fault signal is generated and transmitted to the auto
read/write controller 175' inhibiting any write operation and
generating a console inhibit signal to be sent to all console units
G. This write fault signal is timed so as to clear all console
units attempting to update this sector location.
As indicated previously, the inhibit signal which is generated in
the central electronics unit is transmitted to all console units.
Accordingly, the particular console unit G which intends to write
data on the drum 180 also receives the same console inhibit signal.
However, it is not desired to clear the console register 130 of the
console unit G which is being operated to write information in the
drum 180, so long as no other remote console unit is simultaneously
accessing that particular address. Accordingly, when a particular
console unit G is accessing the drum 180 at a particular address,
the multiplexing unit issues a write fault signal and when the
central electronics unit receives the write fault signal, the
console inhibit signal is transmitted one sector away. Accordingly,
two console units attempting to write in the same sector are
subjected to a condition where the console register 130 and hence
the display tubes 111 in both console units G are cleared in the
same manner as if some remote console unit wrote in the same
address. Furthermore, it can be seen that only the console unit G
which is operating in a particular address can write information in
that address, e.g., both the part number and data sectors. However,
any other console units attempting to write in either that part
number sector or data sector will generate a clear signal, thereby
clearing the display tubes 111. This immediately advises the
operator that someone else is accessing the drum 180 for those
particular sectors. It can be seen that the auto read/write
controller 175' will generate the console inhibit signal on the
console inhibit line CI in the absence of any write fault signal.
As indicated, in the presence of the write fault signal, the auto
read/write controller 175' generates the console inhibit signal but
waits for one sector before sending out this console inhibit
signal. Furthermore, it should be recognized that the write fault
signal is only illustrated as being generated in FIG. 6 inasmuch as
this signal is only used with a multiplicity of console units.
However, the write fault signal is generated by connecting each of
the WRITE lines of each of the console units in an AND gate 194 in
the manner as illustrated in FIG. 6. It should be observed that the
receiver which receives the write fault signal in FIG. 5D does not
have a compatible transmitter illustrated in FIG. 5C inasmuch as
the signal is generated from the the WRITE line as indicated
previously and WRITE lines from all such console units are combined
in the AND gate 194 as illustrated.
The update clear sequencer 160 is capable of clearing the console
register 130 and the display tubes 111 when any other remote
console unit attempts to change the data being examined in a
particular console unit. It should be observed that the update
sequencer receives inputs from the console inhibit line, the sector
counter 142 and the write sequencer 153 in order to accomplish this
function.
The timing relationship of the signals which prevents simultaneous
writing of data is more fully illustrated in the composite
illustration of FIG. 10 consisting of FIGS. 10A-10J. In this FIG.
10 it can be seen that FIG. 10A represents the size and timing
relationship of the pulse from sector counter 142. FIG. 10B
represents the size and timing relationship of the WRITE signal
from each console unit for a normal write operation. FIG. 10C
represents the size and timing relationship of the console inhibit
signal over the console inhibit lines CI from the central
electronics unit H. Furthermore, FIG. 10D represents the timing of
the console inhibit override signal which is generated in the
console unit to enable the particular console unit to write in a
selected sector without regard to the console inhibit. It can be
seen that both the console inhibit signal and the console inhibit
override signal appear at the same time and, furthermore, both
occur at the end of the WRITE signal.
If two or more console units attempt to update the same sector,
FIG. 10E represents the WRITE signal for one console unit and FIG.
10F represents the WRITE signal for a second console unit, and both
of which occur at the same point in time. FIG. 10G represents the
timing of the write fault signal from the multiplex unit to the
central electronics unit H. It can again be observed that the write
fault signal occurs simultaneously with the WRITE signals from both
of the console units. FIG. 10H represents the console inhibit
signal sent to all console units if two console units attempt to
write as shown in FIGS. 10E and 10F. The console inhibit override
signal is represented by FIG. 10J and which is generated internally
in each console unit that attempts to write.
If two console units G attempt to write in the same sector, as
shown by two write signals (FIGS. 10E and 10F), a write fault
signal (FIG. 10G) is generated in the multiplexer. This write fault
signal inhibits any writing and causes the console inhibit signal
(FIG. 10H) to be one sector later than normal, causing both
consoles to clear since it negates the effect of the consoles own
console inhibit override signal (FIG. 10J).
MAJOR AND MINOR DISPLAYS
If the two digits of add/subtract data which are introduced with
the thumbwheel switches 138 are not sufficiently long for their
desired function, an electronic display with display tubes similar
to the main console display may be used. This display can contain
any number of numeric characters, but for the following discussion
will be five characters long. This display is called the minor
display 241 as opposed to the main console display previously
discussed which will be referred to as the major display 240. The
minor display 241 contains five cold cathode display tubes 242.
FIG. 12 shows the two displays 240, 241 and their interaction. It
should be recognized that the display tubes 242 would also be in a
visible location on the console unit B and preferably located under
the display tubes 111 of the major display 240.
The major display 240 operates in substantially the same manner as
previously described. The major display 240 is operated by means of
the delay 145, the anode shift register 135, the anode driving
circuit 135', the six bit BCD to 13 line decoder 134, the cathode
driving circuit 134', the display decode circuit 133, the enter
register 132, the load gates 127 and the strobe delay 128. It can
be seen by comparing FIG. 12 to FIGS. 5B and 5C that the components
which operate the major display 240 in conjunction with the console
register 130 are connected in substantially the same manner.
Thus, the delay 145 has an input to the anode shift register 135
which, in turn, has an input to the anode driving circuit 135'. The
major display 240 receives an output from the anode driving circuit
135'. The anode shift register 135' also has an output connected to
the display decode circuit 133 which receives an input from the
character edit switches 140 and the enter register 132.
Furthermore, the display decode circuit 133 has an output to the
load gates 127 which, in turn, introduces the information to be
displayed into the console register 130. The load gates 127 also
receive an input from the six bit encoder 126. The information in
the console register 130 is introduced on a clock time basis by
means of clock pulses which are introduced into the console
register 130 from the clock gate 147. The output of the console
register 130 is directed to the six bit to thirteen line decoder
134 which, in turn, operates the cathode drivers 134'. By reference
to FIG. 12, it can be seen that the cathode driving circuit 134'
has an output to the display tubes 111 of the major display
240.
The minor display 241 is operated by similar circuitry and receives
inputs from an anode driving circuit 243 which is similar to the
anode driving circuit 135' and a cathode driving circuit 244 which
is similar to the cathode driving circuit 134'. The anode driving
circuit 243 receives an input from an anode shift register 245
which is similar to the anode shift register 135 and also serves to
monitor the energization of the various tubes 242 in the minor
display 241. The anode register 245 actually provides an indication
of a particular six bit location and its representation constitutes
the energization of a particular display tube 242. The anode shift
register 245 receives an input from the delay 145 for purposes
which will presently more fully appear. The anode shift register
245 also has an output directed to a display decode circuit 246
which is similar to the display decode circuit 133. The display
decode circuit 246 operates in conjunction with the anode shift
register 245 in a manner to be hereinafter described in more
detail.
By reference to FIG. 12, it can be seen that the display decode
circuit 246 receives an input from the clock gate 147 and an input
from a display select circuit 247. The display select circuit 247
provides an input to the enter register 132 and an input to the
display decode circuit 133 and also receives an input from the
display decode circuit 133. In addition, the display select circuit
247 receives a strobe input from the strobe delay 128. The display
decode circuit 246 has an output directed to load gates 248 which
also receives an input from the six bit encoder 126. The load gates
248 have an input to a shift register 250 which is similar to the
console register 130 and which operates in the same manner as the
console 130 for purposes of energizing the display tubes 242.
Accordingly, the shift register 250 will contain 30 multi-stable
elements such as flip-flops (not shown).
The shift register 250 receives an input from the display decode
circuit 246 and the display decode circuit 246 receives an input
from an inhibit non-number circuit 251, the latter also having an
input from the six bit encoder 126 for purposes which will
presently more fully appear. The output of the shift register 250
is directed to a four-to-ten line decoder 252 which, in turn,
provides an input to the cathode driving circuit 244.
The display decode circuit 133 operates in conjunction with the
anode shift register 135 and the enter register 132 to enable the
loading of keyboard characters into sequentially located character
positions of the console register 130 and, hence, sequentially
located display positions. In like manner, the display decode
circuit 246 operates in conjunction with the anode shift register
245 to enable the loading of keyboard characters into sequentially
located character positions of the shift register 250 and hence,
sequentially located display positions. The display tubes 242 are
also individually and consecutively energized in order to display
the various characters represented by the 30 bits in the shift
register 250. Each display tube will internally contain 10
cathodes, each representing the digits 0-9 and the 4 to 10 line
decoder 252 will cause the character corresponding to the character
introduced into the shift register 250 to be illuminated.
The anode driving circuit 243 actually contains five anode drivers
which serve as level converters to illuminate the tubes
sequentially. Each time that six bits are shifted out of the shift
register 250 into the decoder 252, six new bits will be located in
the last six spaces of the shift register 250 and these six bits
describe the next decimal digit to be displayed.
All of the zero cathodes of the display tubes 242 are connected to
one cathode driver in the cathode driving circuit 244. Thus, if the
six bits shifted into the anode shift register 245 were zeros, the
six bits would, in fact, decode as a zero. Furthermore, the
selected cathode driver resulting from this examination of the zero
would be switched to a ground condition. One bit in the anode shift
register 245 is permitted to circulate and this bit will cause a
selected anode driver to be driven from a zero voltage state to a
170-230 voltage state. However, only one of the five anode drivers
in the anode driving circuit 243 will be energized at any one point
in time. Accordingly, if a zero was being examined, a zero in a
display tube 242 will be lit for a selected period of time. This
period of time for energization of any of the display tubes 242, as
well as any of the display tubes 111 in the major display 240, is
determined by the delay 145.
The anode shift register 245 has five stages compared to the anode
shift register 135 which has nine stages. Each of the five stages
in the anode shift register 245 will represent one character. The
last stage of this register 245 will represent the least
significant character. One of the stages in the anode shift
register 245 will be true when the six bits representative of this
stage are located in the shift register 245. Accordingly, all
transfers will take place with the least significant bit first.
Furthermore, when the particular stage is true, the data contained
in the shift register 250 is serially aligned with the least
significant bit in the first position.
The remaining portion of the circuitry which operates the minor
display 241 operates in the same manner as the circuitry which
operates the major display 240; many of the components which
operate the minor display 241 being functional duplicates of the
components which operate the major display 240.
The bits which have been entered into the shift register 250 are
shifted into the four-to-ten line decoder 252. A pulse from the
display decode circuit 246 is also introduced into the load gates
248 for shifting the data in the shift register 250. This pulse
will last for approximately 100 microseconds. Each time that six
bits which correspond to an entered character are located in the
last six flip-flops of the anode shift register 243 and the last
six stages of the shift register 250, a pulse will be generated by
the decode circuit 246 enabling display through the display tubes
242. Each tube 242 will remain energized for approximately 100
microseconds. Thereafter, six new bits representing a decimal digit
or arabic character are shifted into the shift register 250 and a
new character representing the next six least significant bits is
displayed on the display tubes 242. As six bits are shifted into
the last six bit positions of the shift register 250, these six
bits are also presented to the four-to-ten line decoder 252 in
order to provide for energization of a new cathode driver in the
cathode driving circuit 244. Simultaneously therewith, shifting
will also occur in the anode shift register 245.
As indicated previously, data entered into the display tubes 111
always enters from the left, reference being made to FIGS. 4 and
12. However, data entered into the display tubes 242 of the minor
display 241 will always enter from the right, references being made
to FIG. 12. Accordingly, the anode shift register 245 will always
be loaded with the latest number introduced from the keyboard as
the rightmost display tube 242 is energized with this latest
introduced number. As new numbers are introduced, all such numbers
will shift to the left and this shift will be caused by the display
decode circuit 246.
It should be observed that the console register 130 receives clock
pulses from the clock gate 147 and the two anode registers 135 and
245 also are shifted by clock pulses from the delay 145. The
display decode circuit 246 causes a shift as indicated previously,
and will inhibit a shift every time that a strobe is detected from
the display select circuit 247. In essence, the display decode
circuit 246 inhibits one group of divide by six clock pulses to the
shift register 250. The anode shift register 135 meanwhile allows
the shift to cause a different phase relationship between the anode
shift register 245 and the shift register 250 thereby causing an
apparent shift in the displayed data. Inasmuch as information is
loaded from the right into the minor display 241, the need for an
enter shift register, such as the enter register 132, is
obviated.
As indicated previously, the shifting of the information in the
console register 130 is effected by clock pulses from the clock
gate 147. The shifting of the information in the shift register 250
is effected by one group of divide by six clock pulses to the shift
register 250. Each six bits will shift when data is entering into
the shift register 250. The display select circuit 247 determines
whether information entered into the keyboard 112 will be displayed
through the major display 240 or the minor display 241.
Prior to any read operation, all keyboard entries will enter into
the major display 240 unless the major display is filled, in which
case the subsequent entry of numeric information will enter into
the minor display 241. The minor display 241 has been reserved for
numeric characters whereas the major display 240 is reserved
primarily for arabic characters. Accordingly, any time that a
number switch on the keyboard 112 is actuated, the number will be
displayed on the minor display 241 and any time that an arabic
character is introduced by means of a keyboard 112 this character
will be displayed in the major display 240. For this purpose, the
inhibit non-numbers circuit 251 is provided. It can be observed
that this inhibit non-number circuit 251 has an output to the
display decode circuit 246 and an input from the six bit encoder
249. Accordingly, this circuit 251 takes the six bits which were
introduced and determines if the six bits represent a numeric
character. If the six bits do not represent a numeric character,
the inhibit non-number circuit 251 will inhibit the decode circuit
246 from operating. On the other hand, no inhibit will exist if the
character introduced was in fact a number. If each of the tubes 111
in the major display 240 has been filled with characters, any
subsequent numeric characters will be introduced into the minor
display tubes 242 of the minor display 241.
Furthermore, if a read or write operation has been performed,
actuation of any numbers will also be introduced into the minor
display, unless a character edit switch 240 has been actuated, in
which case the numbers or letters will be introduced only into the
major display 240. This process is accomplished by examining the
output of the major display decode circuit 133 which output will
only be present if bits are contained in the enter register 132, or
one of the character edit switches 140 has been actuated.
Furthermore, any read or write operation will automatically clear
the enter shift register 132.
It should be understood that changes and modifications in the form,
construction, arrangement and combination of parts presently
described and pointed out in the claims can be changed and
substituted for those herein shown without departing from the
nature and principle of our invention.
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