U.S. patent number 3,819,900 [Application Number 05/366,945] was granted by the patent office on 1974-06-25 for waveguide filter for microwave heating apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Amana Refrigeration, Inc.. Invention is credited to Richard Ironfield.
United States Patent |
3,819,900 |
Ironfield |
June 25, 1974 |
WAVEGUIDE FILTER FOR MICROWAVE HEATING APPARATUS
Abstract
A low pass filter is provided for rectangular waveguide of the
type employed for launching electromagnetic energy in microwave
ovens. The filter substantially rejects the transmission of
harmonic frequencies of the fundamental generator operating
frequency as well as higher order waveguide modes such as the
TE.sub.20, TE.sub.30 etc. The structure described has a corrugated
configuration with ribs defining alternate cavities and
constrictions having cutoff frequency characteristics. Each of the
ribs are slotted to substantially suppress such higher order modes
of the harmonic frequenices particularly the second harmonic. The
structure is spaced from the broad rectangular waveguide walls to
define two propagation paths for the electromagnetic energy.
Lightweight conductive materials may be utilized. Rib structure is
symmetrically disposed on opposing sides of a reference plane
extending along the longitudinal axis of the waveguide.
Inventors: |
Ironfield; Richard
(Williamsburg, IA) |
Assignee: |
Amana Refrigeration, Inc.
(Amana, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
26949188 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/366,945 |
Filed: |
June 4, 1973 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
262396 |
Jun 13, 1972 |
3758737 |
Sep 11, 1973 |
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
219/750; 219/746;
333/209 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01P
1/16 (20130101); H01P 1/207 (20130101); H05B
6/707 (20130101); H05B 6/725 (20130101); H01P
1/212 (20130101); H01P 1/211 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01P
1/207 (20060101); H01P 1/211 (20060101); H01P
1/212 (20060101); H01P 1/16 (20060101); H01P
1/20 (20060101); H03H 7/01 (20060101); H05B
6/70 (20060101); H05B 6/74 (20060101); H05B
6/76 (20060101); H05b 009/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/10.55
;333/73R,73W |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Truhe; J. V.
Assistant Examiner: Jaeger; Hugh D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Rost; Edgar O. Murphy; Harold A.
Pannone; Joseph D.
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation-in-part of copending application
Ser. No. 262,396, filed June 13, 1972 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,758,737
issued Sept. 11, 1973 and assigned to the assignee of the present
invention. Another related application is copending application
Ser. No. 359,031 issued May 10, 1973 which is a division of
application Ser. No. 262,396 filed June 13, 1972.
Claims
1. In an electromagnetic energy transmission system for microwave
heating apparatus including waveguide energy coupling means and low
pass filter means mounted within said waveguide means for providing
predetermined propagating characteristics to substantially suppress
transmission of energy at harmonic frequencies of a desired
operating frequency, said filter means comprising a body member
having rib members and alternate spaces defining an inductance and
capacitance in series along said waveguide means extending
transversely to the direction of energy propagating along said
waveguide means, the improvement comprising:
a plurality of aligned slots in each of said rib members disposed
to substantially suppress higher order transmission modes of said
harmonic frequencies (i.e., TE.sub.20, TE.sub.30, etc.).
2. The filter means according to claim 1 wherein the total number
of slots in each rib member is substantially equal to the first
numeral in the designation characterizing the highest of the
transmission modes to be suppressed.
3. The filter means according to claim 1 wherein said slotted rib
members are symmetrically disposed from opposite sides of said body
member.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a waveguide filter for microwave
electromagnetic energy transmission in heating apparatus.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Microwave heating includes the generation of electromagnetic energy
by such popular sources as the magnetron oscillator used in World
War II radar applications. Such generators provide a source of
microwave energy which is fed to the interior of an enclosure
through hollow-pipe waveguide. The oven supports a plurality of
energy modes. Magnetrons are operated by domestic low frequency AC
line voltages energizing power supplies capable of generating very
high DC voltages. An interaction region is defined between a
central emissive cathode and circumferentially disposed anode
cavity resonators. The electrons are accelerated toward the cavity
resonators and a spoke-like electrical space charge rotates in a
substantially helical path in the interaction region to initiate
the high frequency oscillations. In such devices the preferred
operating TE.sub.10 mode is referred to as the .pi.-mode and, to
assure the proper phasing of the energy, the mode of operation most
frequently utilized is the N/2 mode where N indicates the number of
cavity resonators.
In the microwave heating apparatus art the escape of high frequency
energy from the oven cavity is necessarily controlled in order to
comply with standards established by Federal and State regulatory
agencies, such as the Department of Health, Education and Welfare,
Federal Communications Commission and the United States of America
Standards Institute. The assigned frequencies for mcirowave heating
apparatus is either 915 or 2,450 MHz. For domestic use the latter
frequency is most frequently utilized. The term "microwave" as used
in this specification is intended to refer to that portion of the
electromagnetic energy spectrum having wavelengths in the order of
1 meter to one millimeter and frequencies of 300 MHz to 300
GHz.
One of the problems encountered in the efficient protection of
microwave apparatus by appropriate elongated energy seals around
the access opening is created by the fact that magnetron energy
generators generate harmonic frequencies, as well as, the operating
frequency of 2,450 MHz. Additionally, such generators provide
energy oscillations in adjacent operating modes such as, for
example, the N/ 2-1 mode. It is necessary, therefore, to provide
means in the energy seal structures for the absorption of the
harmonic frequencies of the fundamental magnetron operating
frequency. Such safety measures include additional elongated energy
absorbing bodies of such materials as rubber or plastic loaded with
carbon derivatives or ferrite materials and the like disposed
adjacent to the oven access opening to provide a second energy
seal. These bodies become rapidly heated during operation which
tends to shorten life and create other problems.
A conventional microwave oven apparatus launching section for
coupling the energy from the magnetron generator has a rectangular
configuration. Such waveguides are intrinsically high pass filters
having a threshold or cutoff frequency below which the excitation
fields die exponentially. The cutoff frequency depends on the
geometry of the waveguide as well as the particular energy mode
excited. For normal TE.sub.10 mode propagation the cutoff frequency
is equivalent to .lambda..sub.c = 2a where a represents the side
dimension of the waveguide. The provision of filters in rectangular
waveguides for the attenuation of higher order waveguide modes of
the magnetron harmonic frequencies, such as the second harmonic
4,900 MHz of the microwave oven frequency (2,450 MHz) has been
difficult to achieve. This has led to the control by absorption in
the energy seal materials disposed adjacent to the oven access
opening.
Some primary fundamental energy seals which have evolved in the art
forming electrical chokes are described and discussed in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 3,182,169 issued to Richard Ironfield, dated May 4, 1965, and
3,584,177 issued to Arnold M. Bucksbaum, dated June 8, 1971, all
assigned to the assignee of the present invention. These electrical
choke arrangements commonly are provided adjacent to the access
opening or in the door closure means. Such choketype energy seals,
however, are dimensioned for handling primarily only escaping
energy at the fundamental frequency. The present invention,
therefore, is directed to the control of substantially all
waveguide modes of any harmonic frequencies of the fundamental
operating frequency.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention a low pass waveguide
filter structure is provided for an energy launching section. A
series of open and short circuit admittances having predetermined
electrical cutoff parameters are formed by half sections arranged
symmetrically having identical image parameters. Rib members define
a series of constrictions and spaces to provide the required
inductances and capacitances and are slotted. The spacings between
the rib members may be uniform or nonuniform. In microwave heating
applications requiring an operating frequency of, for example,
2,450 MHz the low pass filter has a pass band or transmission
region below a cutoff frequency of, illustratively, 2,800 to 3,200
MHz. The stop band or rejection region extends well above the
transmission frequencies or, illustratively, 3,000 to 6,000 MHz
with virtually no energy propagation in this frequency range.
Adjacent magnetron modes such as the N/2 -1 mode generally have
frequency ranges of 3,900 to 4,200 MHz. Second and higher harmonics
of the fundamental operating frequency arise at approximately 4,900
MHz. All these energy transmission components, as well as higher
order waveguide modes of these frequencies, will be effectively
rejected. Transforming end sections are utilized to provide
improved matching of the filter structure to the magnetron energy
generator and oven cavity.
The filtering of harmonic frequencies has substantially reduced or
eliminated the need for providing elongated energy absorbing bodies
surrounding the oven access opening in addition to the primary
energy escape seals. Hence, in place of the bodies or gaskets of a
rubber or plastic composition loaded with carbon derivatives or
ferrite materials and the like, unloaded plastic or rubber gasket
materials can be utilized with a saving in material cost.
The waveguide filter structure may be fabricated of any lightweight
metallic material, such as aluminum, to evolve the overall
corrugated configuration with the slotted rib members and
intervening spaces. The waveguide filter structure is secured in
the waveguide launching section by any means secured to the
opposite waveguide walls.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Details of the illustrative embodiments of the invention will be
readily understood after consideration of the following description
and reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of an
illustrative microwave oven apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the embodiment
illustrated in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of the waveguide filter
structure embodying the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of an alternative embodiment
of the invention;
FIGS. 4a and 4b are partial diagrammatic views of the embodiment in
FIG. 4;
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of another alternative
embodiment;
FIG. 6 is an enlargement of the portion of the embodiment
illustrated in FIG. 1 showing a portion of a choke-type door energy
seal arrangement exemplifying the prior art, taken along the line
6--6 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a slotted waveguide filter
structure with a portion of the launching energy section broken
away;
FIGS. 8a and 8b are diagrammatic presentations of the electric and
magnetic fields of the TE.sub.20 mode;
FIGS. 9a and 9b are similar presentations for the TE.sub.30
mode;
FIG. 10 is a plan view of an embodiment of the invention for
effectively suppressing TE.sub.20, TE.sub.30 modes of the harmonic
frequencies;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 11--11 in
FIG. 10; and
FIG. 12 is an end view of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 10 and
11.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments
Referring to the drawings, particularly FIGS. 1 and 2, the
microwave oven apparatus 10 will be described. The oven comprises
top and bottom conductive walls 12 as well as side walls 14
defining enclosure 16 having an access opening (not visible closed
by means of door assembly 18 which may be side or bottom-hinged, as
well as of the sliding type actuated by handle 20. An escutcheon
control panel member 22 is disposed adjacent to the door assembly
and is utilized for mounting timers 24 and 26, as well as start,
stop and light buttons 28, 30 and 32.
The electromagnetic energy is generated by a magnetron energy
generator assembly indicated generally by the box 34. Such devices
are considered to be well known in the art and further details may
be obtained by referring to the text "Microwave Magnetrons,"
Radiation Laboratory Series, Vol. 6, by G. B. Collins, McGraw-Hill
Book Co., Inc., 1948 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,531,613 issued Sept. 29,
1970, to C. P. Domenichini et al., and assigned to the assignee of
the present invention. Such devices are energized by high voltage
supply circuits also considered to be within the scope of the
knowledge of the prior art and have been designated by box 36. The
generated energy is coupled to the oven enclosure by a probe
antenna 38 housed within the dielectric dome 40. The energy is
launched into a rectangular waveguide launching section 42 with the
dome extending through an aperture 44 in the waveguide section. Top
wall 12 of the oven enclosure supports the waveguide section 42.
The section is closed at one end by a terminating wall 46 and the
antenna 38 is spaced from this wall a predetermined distance to
provide for optimum launching of the microwave energy. Such energy
is coupled into the oven enclosure 16 through the inner open end 48
of the waveguide section. Distribution of the energy to evolve the
desired heating pattern is accomplished by any of the well-known
means including, for example, mode stirrer 50 having a plurality of
paddle members 52 actuated by motor 54 also supported by top wall
12. The articles to be heated within the enclosure 16 are supported
on a dielectric plate member 56 spanning an indentation in the
bottom wall 12 to facilitate the distribution of the
electromagnetic energy on all sides of the articles.
The waveguide filter structure 58 having a substantially corrugated
configuration is disposed within the launching waveguide section 42
between the energy antenna 38 and the open end 48. The spacings are
preferably evenly matched between the end of the waveguide filter
structure 58 and the inner edge 60 of the inner end and antenna 38
to obtain efficient matching between the respective structures. The
waveguide filter structure 58 is supported by the narrow walls 62
and spaced from the broad waveguide walls 64 to define essentially
two equal and identical paths for the propagation of energy
indicated by arrows 66 and 68.
Attention is now directed to FIGS. 3 and 4 to proceed with an
explanation and analysis of the corrugated waveguide filter 58. In
an article entitled "Analysis of a Wide-Band Waveguide Filter" by
Seymour B. Cohn, Proceedings of the IRE, June 1949, pps. 651-656,
the author presents a discussion and analysis of a hollow highpass
rectangular waveguide filter. Normally such propagation means have
an inherent characteristic cutoff frequency which for the TE.sub.10
mode is twice the dimension a of the broad waveguide walls. Any
energy below the cut-off frequency dies exponentially and there has
been little demand in the art, therefore, for any further filter
structures for rectangular waveguides in view of the intrinsic
propagation characteristics. The aforementioned article seeks to
increase the bandwidth of such filter structures by providing a
series alternating rib members and spaces defining constrictions
and cavities which provide a nondissipative filter for energy
propagating within its boundaries. Each section of the overall
filter structure is fabricated to have a predetermined cutoff
frequency and the overall admittance (reciprocal of impedance) of
the filter is related to the short and open circuit admittances of
each section. All the admittances are normalized with respect to
the characteristic admittances of the rectangular waveguide having
a width a and height b. The characteristic admittance of the guide
is inversely proportional to b if width a is held constant. The
filter structure may be provided split in identical mirror image
sections and the parameters of classical filter theory are utilized
in the article to determine the height of the rib sections as well
as constriction in between to evolve a stop band or rejection
region having a guide wavelength .lambda.g.infin..
In FIG. 4 a half section is designated by the numeral 70. A series
of formulae and design considerations have been presented in the
article "Design Relations for the Wide-Band Waveguide Filter" by
the same author in the Proceedings of the IRE, July 1950, pps.
799-803. In these articles the symbol l refers to the width of the
cavities through which the energy is propagating and the symbol l'
indicates the constrictions between the cavities. The symbol
b.sub.T indicates the height of the terminating waveguide section
through which the energy passes. One-half of each of the waveguide
filter sections 70 (l/2) may be reduced to a short-circuited
section indicated in drawings FIG. 4a. Similarly, the open circuit
admittances have been analyzed by the aforereferenced author by the
model indicated in FIG. 4b.
Now in the instance of microwave heating predetermined assigned
frequencies of 2,450 MHz or 915 MHz are involved and the energy to
be distributed within the oven enclosure is desirably as close to
these frequencies as possible. Wide band propagation, therefore, is
of little consequence and our attention is directed solely to the
suppression of extraneous magnetron operating modes and harmonic
frequencies of the operating frequency. In FIG. 4 the half section
indicated by the solid line 72 represents the model utilized by the
aforereferenced author for computing the image admittances of the
overall filter structure as well as the short and open circuit
admittances of each section. Dashed line 74 indicates a reference
plane forming a boundary in the author's analysis of the cutoff
wavelength computations for the pass and stop bands for rectangular
waveguide. In the present invention line 74 coincides with the
longitudinal axis of a waveguide section. From the aforereferenced
analysis an equation has evolved to derive a value b.sub.0 equal to
b.sub.T .sqroot. 1-(.lambda..sub.g1 /.lambda..sub.g 2).sup.2.
Wherein the symbol .lambda..sub.g1 indicates the cutoff guide
wavelength of the filter structure, .lambda..sub.g2 indicates the
matching point wavelength where filter impedance will match the
terminating inpedance and b.sub.T indicates the height of the
terminating guide section. Utilizing the image parameters it is
possible to calculate the height of the rib member and end
portions, as well as, thickness of the intervening constricted
portions. The symmetrical structure is evolved by the identical
model defined by boundary line 72'.
In accordance with the invention instead of transmitting energy
through the waveguide filter arrangement a solid or dissipative
configuration has evolved. Energy transmitted along the path
indicated by arrow 66 sees a half filter section 72 and an
identical path indicated by arrow 68 is formed by section 72' for
the remaining electromagnetic energy. The equivalent capacitances
and inductances are theoretically determined and normalized to
determine respective cutoff guide wavelengths for the overall
filter structure and define a stop band or rejection region having
a frequency higher than the waveguide cutoff frequency. Such
devices are commonly referred to in the art as low pass filters and
have an upper limit of the stop bands of a finite value,
illustratively, six times the cutoff frequency of the filter. By
appropriate transformation of theory the ribs define the
restrictions and the spaces therebetween are the cavities. The
electromagnetic energy instead of traversing and being propagated
through the filter arrangement is transmitted around the filter
with the ends thereof terminating in transforming sections 76 and
78 for more efficient matching of the impedances of the waveguide
filter to the remaining structure.
As shown in FIG. 3, the waveguide filter 58 comprises a plurality
of rib members 80 and 82 defining a corrugated configuration which
are substantially of the same height on opposing sides of the body
member 84. Intervening alternating spaces 86 are formed between the
rib members and for the narrow transmitting band and wide stop band
are generally narrower than the cavity width (l) in the previously
referenced articles.
The normalized characteristic cutoff guide wavelength of the filter
structure .lambda..sub.g1 as well as the desired stop band minimum
limit for a predetermined height b.sub.T of the rectangular
waveguide launching section can be determined with a stop band or
rejection region preferably extending from 3,000 to 6,000 MHz. In
an exemplary embodiment for operation in the microwave oven
apparatus at 2,450 MHz the filter cutoff frequency fell between
2,800 to 3,200 MHz. The rejection band of from 3,000- - 6,000 MHz
encompasses the adjacent magnetron energy modes as well as second
harmonics of the operating frequency. For optimum matching the
antenna 38 was spaced from the terminating end wall 46 of the
waveguide launching section a distance of approximately 1.25 inches
or one-quarter wavelength. The end of the waveguide filter
structure 58 or the end of the matching transformer section 76 is
positioned approximately 1.4375 inches from the antenna 38. The end
of matching transformer section 78 of the waveguide filter is
disposed approximately 1.4375 inches from the inner edge 60 of the
open end 48 of the waveguide launching section. Suitable tapped
holes 88 are provided in the body member 84 to support the
waveguide structure 58 by metal or nylon screws to the sidewalls 62
and provide for clearance and centering of the ends of the rib
members 80 and 82 with relation to the top walls 64 of the
waveguide structure. In FIG. 3 the rib members have been
illustrated as being nonuniformly spaced which may be desirable in
some embodiments while the rib members 90 have been shown as being
uniformly spaced in FIGS. 1 and 2 for other applications. The
corrugated waveguide structure may be fabricated of any lightweight
metal, such as aluminum, and large strips of such structures may be
fabricated quite inexpensively to be cut to any desired length. The
spacing of the rib members is identical on opposing sides of the
body member. Any number of sections may be utilized in the
waveguide filter structure and the number of such sections is not
limited by the illustrations hereinbefore described.
A large number of dissimilar sections may also be utilized with
each section providing a sharper characteristic cutoff frequency
for different rejection regions. Such a structure may have a
tapered appearance which also assists in the matching of the filter
structure impedances to those of the rectangular waveguide
launching section. In FIG. 5 the first rib members 92 could,
illustratively, have a stop band frequency around 3,500 MHz.
Subsequent rib members 94 have a cutoff frequency characteristic
value around 4,500 MHz. Rib members 96 then provide a cutoff
frequency around 5,500 MHz. Matching transformer sections 98 are
also provided. This dissimilar arrangement of a series of sections
having different cutoff frequency values may enhance the removal of
all the spurious energy signals outside the desired operating mode
and frequency for efficient microwave heating.
A unique low pass filter arrangement has now been evolved for
rectangular waveguide sections. Due to the elimination or
substantial reduction in the undesirable energy oscillations
certain distinct advantages are noted over prior art microwave oven
apparatus particularly, those utilizing peripheral elongated high
energy-absorbing gasket materials surrounding the access opening in
conjunction with a primary choke-type energy seal as shown in FIG.
6. Door assembly 18 comprises a panel member 100 and ring member
102 secured together by any conventional metallurgical means to
form a unitary assembly. Perforations 104 in metal panel member 100
allow for visual observation of the oven interior during cooking
while preventing the escape of any energy radiated within the oven
enclosure 16. An outer window member 106 is supported within ring
member 102. An inner window assembly 108 with a transparent region
also renders the perforations inaccessible to damage and simplifies
cleaning of the oven interior. Both windows may be fabricated of a
thermoplastic material. A stud 110 secured to frame member 112
provides for press fitting into apertures in panel member 100.
Window member 106 may be secured in position by a suitable adhesive
as well as door trim members 114 shown in FIG. 1.
A door-type electrical choke arrangement 116 extends peripherally
around the door to form an elongated primary energy seal mating
with slightly tapered walls 118 of the oven conductive walls 12 and
14 to assure a snug fit after closing. The choke arrangement
comprises a peripheral upstanding wall section 120 which defines
with the opposing tapered conductive wall 118 an elongated
electromagnetic energy escape path 122 extending peripherally
around the access opening. The point of origin of the energy is
indicated at the gap 124. Ring member 102 has a substantial step
configuration to provide a conductive wall surface 126 forming a
part of the choke arrangement as well as a front lateral member 128
overlapping the peripheral walls of the oven. Ring member 102
defines with wall section 120 a second electromagnetic energy path
130 of predetermined dimensions for energy entering through the
peripheral gap 124. The parallel paths 122 and 130 are filled with
bodies 132 of a dielectric material, such as polystyrene or
polypropylene. The entrance and exit to the frequency sensitive
cavity defined by the choke walls circumscribing the path 130 is
provided by gap 134. The foregoing arrangement may be considered to
be the primary high frequency energy seal offering a path of least
resistance for any energy at the operating frequency escaping
around the peripheral gap 124.
In accordance with the principles of energy transmission, such a
choke arrangement is selected primarily to provide a high series
reactance at the choke opening and to reflect a short circuit from
a terminating wall surface 136 to the energy. The choke dimensions
are typically selected to provide a short circuit at the point of
origin or gap 124 of the escaping energy or approximately one-half
a wavelength of the operating frequency. The operating frequency is
effectively attenuated by such energy seals, however, harmonics of
the operating frequency will not be effectively controlled by the
described choke arrangement. In addition to the primary energy
seal, prior art microwave oven apparatus have employed elongated
high energy absorbing bodies in the form of gaskets 138 and 140
between the wall surface 128 and the peripheral wall surfaces 142.
Such lossy high energy absorbing material bodies include rubber or
plastic materials loaded with carbon derivatives or ferrite
material and the like and may be secured to the metallic walls by
suitable adhesive materials. Such secondary energy seals become
heated over extended periods of operation by absorption and may
become warped, charred or cease to function properly.
In the practice of the present invention, the elimination or
substantial reduction of the harmonic frequencies will
substantially reduce or eliminate the need for the additional high
energy absorbing bodies of the prior art adjacent to the door
opening. In place of such peripheral gaskets, commonly of a black
composition, more esthetic colors may be employed such as white or
vivid colors in plastic materials which will render the oven
apparatus more appealing in addition to being easy to clean. Prior
art carbon loaded gasket materials are costly and may now be
readily replaced by materials costing one-tenth of the prior art
amount. The additional cost of the low pass waveguide structure to
effectively suppress the undesired modes and harmonic frequencies
involves relatively minimal expense so that overall savings of 50
percent or better of the original energy absorbing material gasket
cost may be realized.
FIG. 7 illustrates means for substantially suppressing higher order
waveguide modes such as the TE.sub.20 shown in FIGS. 8a and 8b
wherein the electric field distribution is indicated by arrows 150
along the waveguide length. The magnetic flux lines are designated
152 in the surface view of FIG. 8b. The TE.sub.30 mode is shown by
the electric field lines 154 in FIG. 9a and magnetic flux lines 156
in FIG. 9b.
In accordance with the invention the provision of a plurality of
slots 158 in spaced rib members 80 and 82 will effectively suppress
the higher order waveguide modes of the harmonic frequencies of the
magnetron operating frequency. In this structure three slots are
provided in each rib member and this total number represents the
first number in the highest order mode to be suppressed i.e.,
TE.sub.30. Hence, for TE.sub.40 etc., four or more slots are
provided.
FIGS. 10-12 inclusive represent an exemplary embodiment for
microwave heating apparatus operating at 2,450 MHz. The body member
160 is diecast of a material such as zinc and comprises transverse
rib members 162, 164 and 166 symmetrically disposed on opposing
sides. Each of the rib members are slightly tapered for tooling
purposes and mounting holes 168 and 170 are provided in body member
160. Each rib member is slotted to provide three aligned slots 172,
174 and 176, which can also be tapered. The total number of slots
will effectively suppress all higher order waveguide modes of the
harmonic frequencies up to and including the TE.sub.30 mode.
Body member 160 is also provided with rectangular recesses 172 in
opposing surfaces 174 and 176 in the region between the rib
members. This structure will materially reduce cost of fabrication
and lighten the overall assembly. Additionally, stepped impedance
matching structures 178 and 180 are provided at the ends of the
body member. The outer upper edges of all the rib members may be
provided with curved surfaces 162a, 164a and 166a in those
embodiments where waveguide section 42 of the microwave heating
apparatus 10 is formed by a drawing process to result in somewhat
of a "bathtub" configuration. The curved edges will prevent any
sharp projections and will assure a proper fitting of the waveguide
filter within the launching section.
There is thus disclosed an effective low pass filter for
rectangular waveguide, particularly for use in microwave oven
apparatus to suppress harmonic frequencies of the operating
frequency. The filter structure described has a corrugated
configuration. The alternate rib members defining the intervening
spaces and constricted body portion may be uniformly or
nonumiformly disposed in each section. The ribs are slotted to
suppress higher order waveguide modes of the higher harmonic
frequencies. Variations, modifications and alterations of the
illustrative embodiments will be evident to those skilled in the
art. It is intended, therefore, that the foregoing description of
the invention be considered in the broadest aspects and not in a
limiting sense.
* * * * *