U.S. patent number 3,818,984 [Application Number 05/324,300] was granted by the patent office on 1974-06-25 for heat exchanger.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Nippondenso Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Makoto Kuroyanagi, Kenya Nakamura.
United States Patent |
3,818,984 |
Nakamura , et al. |
June 25, 1974 |
HEAT EXCHANGER
Abstract
A heat exchanger for heat exchange between low-temperature and
high-pressure air and high-temperature and low-pressure gas
comprising a housing, a plurality of partition members disposed
substantially radially in the housing for defining therebetween
alternate air and gas passages for passing the air and gas in
directions opposite to each other, a first corrugated fin disposed
in each air passage, and a second corrugated fin disposed in each
gas passage. The first fins are suitably cut out at one end thereof
to communicate with an air inlet of the heat exchanger, and the
second fins are suitably cut out at the end remote from the cut-out
end of the first fins to communicate with a gas inlet of the heat
exchanger so as to attain satisfactory heat exchange between the
two fluids.
Inventors: |
Nakamura; Kenya (Okazaki,
JA), Kuroyanagi; Makoto (Hekinan, JA) |
Assignee: |
Nippondenso Co., Ltd.
(Kariya-shi, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
26348576 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/324,300 |
Filed: |
January 17, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Jan 31, 1972 [JA] |
|
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47-12891 |
Apr 18, 1972 [JA] |
|
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47-46233 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
165/166;
60/39.511; 165/157; 165/DIG.358 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F28F
3/025 (20130101); F28D 9/0018 (20130101); F28F
2250/108 (20130101); Y10S 165/358 (20130101); F28D
2021/0026 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F28D
9/00 (20060101); F28F 3/00 (20060101); F28F
3/02 (20060101); F28b 003/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;165/166,167,60,39.51,141,155,157,164,165 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Myhre; Charles J.
Assistant Examiner: Streule, Jr.; Theophil W.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cushman, Darby & Cushman
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A heat exchanger comprising a cylindrical housing, a plurality
of partition members disposed within said housing for defining
alternate passages for a first fluid and a second fluid, first
corrugated fins are each disposed in each of said first fluid
passages, second corrugated fins are each disposed in each of said
second fluid passages, at least one of said first and second fins
being formed with oblique cut out portions at at least one end
thereof so as to provide inlet portions for introducing said two
fluids into said alternate passages in directions opposite to each
other.
2. A heat exchanger comprising a cylindrical housing, a plurality
of core units disposed radially within said housing, each of said
core units having a square cross section and including a plurality
of partition members arranged substantially parallel to one another
for defining therebetween alternate passages for passing first and
second fluids in opposite directions, first corrugated fins one
each disposed in each of said first fluid passages, second
corrugated fins one each disposed in each of said second fluid
passages, one of said first and second corrugated fins being formed
with oblique cut out portions at their radially outer ends so as to
provide inlet portions to introduce said first or second fluid into
said first or second fluid passages, a plurality of fluid admitting
space portions defined between the inner wall of said housing and
radially outer surfaces of said core units for communication with
said first or second fluid passages in said core units through said
cut out portions, and a cylindrical space defined by the radially
inner surfaces of said core units at a center portion in said
housing for communication with the other of said first and second
fluid passages.
3. A heat exchanger as defined in claim 2, wherein oblique cut out
portions are formed also at the radially inner ends of the
corrugated fins disposed in the other of said first and second
fluid passages, said cut out portions of the corrugated fins
disposed in one of said first and second fluid passages being
opened to said fluid admitting space portions, said cut out
portions of the corrugated fins disposed in the other of said
passages being opened to said cylindrical space.
4. A heat exchanger comprising a cylindrical housing, a heat
exchanger unit disposed within said housing, said heat exchanger
unit including a plurality of partition members disposed radially
for defining alternate passages for a first fluid and a second
fluid, first corrugated fins each having a wedge-shaped cross
section and being disposed in each of said first fluid passages,
second corrugated fins each having a wedge-shaped cross section and
being disposed in each of said second fluid passage, one of said
first and second fins being formed with oblique cut out portions at
their radially outer ends so as to provide inlet portions to
introduce said first or second fluid into said first or second
fluid passages, respectively, a plurality of fluid admitting space
portions defined between the inner wall of said housing and the
outer periphery of said heat exchanger unit for communication with
said first or second fluid passages in said heat exchanger unit
through said cut out portions, and a cylindrical space defined by
the inner periphery of said heat exchanger unit at a center portion
in said housing for communication with the other of said first and
second fluid passages.
5. A heat exchanger as defined in claim 4, wherein oblique cut out
portions are formed also at the radially inner ends of the
corrugated fins disposed in the other of said first and second
fluid passages, said cut out portions of the corrugated fins
disposed in one of said first and second fluid passages being
opened to said fluid admitting portion, said cut out portions of
the corrugated fins disposed in the other of said passages being
opened to said cylindrical space.
Description
This invention relates to heat exchangers, and more particularly to
a heat exchanger of the kind preferably used with an engine such as
a gas turbine engine for vehicles.
It is generally most important for a heat exchanger to accommodate
the largest possible heat transfer area within a limited space,
since the largeness of this heat transfer area is one of the
greatest factors governing the performance of the heat exchanger.
Recuperative heat exchangers known in the art include tube bundle
tube-fin heat exchangers employing solely tubes arranged in
parallel and tube-fine type heat exchangers comprising the
combination of tubes and fins. Plate-fin type heat exchangers
comprising the combination of fluid conduits and corrugated fins
manufactured by forming flat plates in the shape are especially
widely employed for the reasons that such a heat exchanger is quite
small in size and has a large heat transfer area. Further, these
heat exchangers are classified into the parallel flow type, cross
flow type and counter flow type depending on the directions of
fluids placed in heat exchange relation. However, the conventional
heat exchangers of the tube bundle type and tube-fin type have been
defective in that there is a great restriction in the inner and
outer effective heat transfer areas and the selection of working
fluids is also subject to a limitation. Further, these heat
exchangers have been defective in that a high heat exchange
efficiency cannot be expected due to the fact that the working
fluids must be inevitably passed in parallel flow or cross flow
relation. The counterflow type heat exchanger in which working
fluids are passed through adjoining conduits in counterflow
relation has also been defective in that a complex arrangement is
required for separating the different fluids from each other so
that the fluids flowing into and out of the adjoining conduits may
not be mixed with each other. This type of heat exchanger has
further been defective in that it is quite bulky due to the
inclusion of many unnecessary dead spaces in the heat transfer
zones and a very complex process and a long period of time are
required for the manufacture.
With a view to obviate such prior art defects, it is an object of
the present invention to provide a novel and improved heat
exchanger which comprises a cylindrical housing, a plurality of
core units disposed radially within said housing, each said core
unit including a plurality of partition members arranged in
parallel for defining therebetween alternate passages for passing a
first fluid and a second fluid in directions opposite to each
other, a first corrugated fin disposed in each of said first fluid
passages, and a second corrugated fin disposed in each of said
second fluid passages, and a plurality of first fluid admitting
space portions defined between the inner wall of said housing and
said core units for communication with said first fluid passages in
said core units. The heat exchanger having the features set forth
in the above is quite small in size and the effective heat transfer
area can be adjusted as desired by suitably selecting the number of
the first and second fluid passages and the number of the core
units.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a heat
exchanger of the above character in which at least one of said
first and second fins is provided with a cut-out at one or either
end thereof so as to pass the first and second fluids in the
directions opposite to each other.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a heat
exchanger comprising a cylindrical housing, a heat exchange unit
disposed within said housing, a plurality of partition members
disposed radially in said heat exchange unit for defining alternate
passages for a first fluid and a second fluid, a first corrugated
fin disposed in each of said first fluid passages, and a second
corrugated fin disposed in each of said second fluid passages, at
least one of said first and second fins being provided with a
cut-out at one or either end thereof so as to pass these two
different fluids through said alternate passages in directions
opposite to each other. The heat exchanger having the features set
forth in the above possesses a large heat transfer area and is
quite small in size due to the fact that unnecessary dead spaces
are substantially eliminated.
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present
invention will be apparent from the following detailed description
taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a partly sectional side elevation view showing the
structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partly sectional front elevation of the heat exchanger
shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a partly cut-away, enlarged perspective view showing the
structure of one of the core units in the heat exchanger shown in
FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged section of parts of the air and gas passages
in the core unit shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a partly cut-away perspective view showing a modification
of the core unit shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal section showing the structure of another
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a side elevation of the left-hand half of the heat
exchanger shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a partly sectional perspective view showing the structure
of the heat change unit in the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 6;
and
FIG. 9 is an enlarged sectional view of parts of the heat exchanger
shown in FIG. 6.
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with
reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a cylindrical housing 1 forms an outer
shell of a heat exchanger. A plurality of core units 2 are disposed
radially within the housing 1 for the heat exchange between air at
a low temperature and high pressure and gas at a high temperature
and low pressure. A plurality of radially spaced members 3 connect
the radially arranged core units 2 with one another in such a
manner that a space 4 is defined between any two adjacent core
units 2. An arcuate space portion 5 is defined between the inner
wall of the housing 1 and each of the radially outer connecting
members 3 for admitting low-temperature and high-pressure air into
each core unit 2. Each of these spaces 4 is closed gas-tight by the
core units 2 disposed on opposite sides thereof and by the
associated core unit connecting members 3. The heat exchanger is
provided with a plurality of flange portions 5a for mounting on an
apparatus such as a gas turbine engine. The low-temperature and
high-pressure air is supplied from a compressor (not shown) to be
fed through an air inlet 6 of the heat exchanger into each arcuate
air admitting space portion 5, thence into air inlet portions 2a of
each core unit 2. The low-temperature and high-pressure air is
turned into high-temperature and high-pressure air through the heat
exchange with the high-temperature and low-pressure gas while
passing through each core unit 2 and such air is discharged through
air outlet portions 2b of each core unit 2, thence through an air
outlet 7 of the heat exchanger to be supplied to a combustor (not
shown). The high-temperature and low-pressure gas is supplied
through a gas inlet 8 of the heat exchanger into gas inlet portions
2c of each core unit 2 to be subjected to heat exchange with the
low-temperature and high-pressure air while passing through the
core unit 2, and the low-temperature and low-pressure gas produced
by the heat exchange is discharged through gas outlet portions 2d
of each core unit 2, thence through a gas outlet 9 of the heat
exchanger to the exterior. The direction of flow of the air in each
core unit 2 is opposite to the direction of flow of the gas. Freely
expansible sealing means 10 and 11 are disposed between the
radially outer connecting member 3 and a passage forming member 12
and between another passage forming member 13 and a seal supporting
member 14 respectively for each core unit 2.
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4 showing in detail the structure of each
core unit 2, a plurality of rectangular partition members 15 of,
for example, stainless steel are arranged in parallel to define
therebetween alternate air and gas passages 17 and 18. A first fin
16a in corrugated form consisting of a series of rectangular
portions is disposed in each air passage 17 and a second fin 16b in
corrugated form consisting of a series of rectangular portions is
disposed in each gas passage 18 as shown. The first fins 16a
disposed in the air passages 17 defined between the associated
partition members 15 are cut out in the form of a triangle at one
end thereof to provide the air inlet portions 2a and are not cut to
remain in the original rectangular shape at the other end thereof
to provide the air outlet portions 2b. Similarly, the second fins
16b disposed in the gas passages 18 defined between the associated
partition members 15 are cut out in the form of a triangle at the
end remote from the cut-out end of the first fins 16a to provide
the gas inlet portions 2c and are not cut out to remain in the
original rectangular shape at the other end thereof to provide the
gas outlet portions 2d. An L-shaped gas sealing member 19 is
interposed gas-tight at its upstanding and horizontal portions
between the corresponding opposite surface portions of each pair of
the partition members 15 defining the gas passage 18 therebetween.
Similarly, an L-shaped air sealing member 20 is interposed
air-tight at its upstanding and horizontal portions between the
corresponding opposite surface portions of each pair of the
partition members 15 defining the air passage 17 therebetween.
These sealing members 19 and 20 are alternately disposed in a
confronting relationship as shown. The seal supporting member 14
of, for example, L-like cross section is fixed gas-tight at a
position at which the horizontally extending portions of the air
sealing members 20 intersect the upstanding portions of the gas
sealing members 19. Another supporting member 14' is fixedly
disposed gas-tight at a position at which the upstanding portions
of the air sealing members 20 intersect the horizontally extending
portions of the gas sealing members 19. The core unit connecting
members 3 are secured gas-tight to the upper and lower ends of the
partition members 15 in such a manner as to provide the air and gas
inlet portions 2a and 2c of the core unit 2.
In operation, referring to FIG. 2, air at a low temperature and
high pressure supplied from the compressor (not shown) passes
through the air inlet 6 of the heat exchanger into each arcuate
space portion 5, and after changing the direction of flow by
180.degree., the air flows into the air inlet portions 2a of each
core unit 2 to pass through the air passages 17 in the core unit 2.
Thus, the air flows in a direction X -- X shown by the solid line.
On the other hand, gas at high temperature and low pressure flows
through the gas inlet 8 of the heat exchanger into the gas inlet
portions 2c of each core unit 2 to pass through the gas passages 18
in the core unit 2 in a direction Y -- Y shown by the dotted line.
Thus, the low-temperature and high-pressure air passing through the
air passages 17 having the first fins 16a therein is brought into a
satisfactory heat exchange relation with the high-temperature and
low-pressure gas which passes through the gas passages 18 having
the second fins 16b therein in a direction opposite to the flowing
direction of the low-temperature and high-pressure air, with the
result that the low-temperature and high-pressure air turns into
high-temperature and high-pressure air and the high-temperature and
low-pressure gas turns into low-temperature and low-pressure gas.
Then, the high-temperature and high-pressure air passes through the
air outlet portions 2b of each core unit 2 to be supplied to the
combustor (not shown) from the air outlet 7 of the heat exchanger
while the low-temperature and low-pressure gas passes through the
gas outlet portions 2d of each core unit 2 to be discharged to the
exterior from the gas outlet 9 of the heat exchanger.
In the embodiment above described, the first and second fins 16a
and 16b in each core unit 2 are cut out in a triangular form at one
end thereof to provide the air inlet portions 2a and gas inlet
portions 2c respectively. Referring to FIG. 5 showing a
modification of the core unit 2 shown in FIG. 3, the first fins 16a
disposed in the air passages 17 are cut out in a triangular form at
opposite ends thereof as shown, while the second fins 16b disposed
in the gas passages 18 are not cut out and have a rectangular
shape. The first and second fins 16a and 16b are alternately fixed
between the partition members 15 defining the air and gas passages
17 and 18 so that the cut-out ends of the first fins 16a provide
the air inlet and outlet portions 2a and 2b, while the rectangular
ends of the second fins 16b provide the gas inlet and outlet
portions 2c and 2d in each core unit 2. Further, although the
closed space portions 4 are provided between the core units 2 in
the embodiment above described, these space portions 4 may be
eliminated and additional core units 2 may be disposed in these
spaces so as to increase the effective heat transfer area.
It will be understood from the above description that, in the first
embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the present
invention, a plurality of partition members are parallelly disposed
to define therebetween a plurality of alternate air and gas
passages for passing air and gas in directions opposite to each
other and are combined with heat transfer fins to constitute a core
unit, a plurality of such core units being disposed radially within
a cylindrical housing, and the air passages in each core unit
communicate with an air admitting space portion defined between the
inner wall of the cylindrical housing and the core unit. The
structure above described is advantageous in that the heat
exchanger is small in size, has a large effective heat transfer
area and can be very simply manufactured due to the fact that the
air admitting space portion can be formed by mere disposition of
each core unit in the radial portion within the cylindrical
housing, thereby eliminating the need for provision of any especial
air supply conduit for supplying air into the air passages of the
core unit. Further, by virtue of the fact that the core units
disposed within the housing are independent of each other, leakage
of air and gas can be easily detected and leaking parts can be
repaired during the steps of manufacture and assembling. Thus, heat
exchanger is from any air or gas leakage and the gas and air
passages can be easily cleaned. The present invention is further
advantageous in that the effective heat transfer area of the heat
exchanger can be easily adjusted by suitably increasing or
decreasing the number of the core units and also by increasing or
decreasing the heat transfer area of the partition members and
fins. Furthermore, by virtue of the fact that air and gas pass
through the alternate air and gas passages in directions opposite
to each other, satisfactory heat exchange between the air and the
gas can be attained. Moreover, any especial means are not required
for causing flow of the air and gas in the opposite directions and
the heat exchanger has a simplified structure. Further, the heat
exchanger has a satisfactory mechanical strength due to the fact
that the core units are housed within the cylindrical housing.
Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with
reference to FIGS. 6 to 9. Referring to FIG. 6, a heat exchange
unit 22 is housed within a cylindrical housing 21. The heat
exchange unit 22 is provided with an annular portion or ring 23
which is bolted to the cylindrical housing 21 for fixing the heat
exchange unit 22 to the housing 21. The heat exchange unit 22 is
supported within the housing 21 by a plurality of stays 24 welded
to the heat exchange unit 22. The heat exchange unit 22 and housing
21 are mounted to the body of an apparatus such as a gas turbine
engine (not shown) by a flange portion 25 and a ring 26. The heat
exchange unit 22 includes an inner casing 27 which is closed at one
end thereof. A plurality of first fins 28a, second fins 28b and
partition members 29 are alternately radially disposed around the
inner casing 27. The first and second fins 28a and 28b are
corrugated and have a width which is gradually enlarged from the
inner toward the outer end. The assembly consisting of these fins
28a, 28b and partition members 29 is in the form of a thick-walled
cylinder. As seen in FIGS. 6 and 8, the first fins 28a are cut out
at one or right-hand end thereof, while the second fins 28b are cut
out at the left-hand end remote from the cut-out end of the first
fins 28a, and these first and second fins 28a and 28b are
alternately arranged with the partition members 29 interposed
therebetween. A first L-shaped sealing member 30a is in sealing
engagement with the radially inner end edges and right-hand end
edges of the partition members 29 disposed on opposite sides of
each of the first fins 28a as seen in FIGS. 6 to 8. Similarly, a
second L-shaped sealing member 30b is in sealing engagement with
the radially outer end edges and left-hand end edges of the
partition members 29 disposed on opposite sides of each of the
second fins 28b. Further, these first and second sealing members
30a and 30b intersect at the opposite ends thereof and the rings 23
and 26 are welded to these intersecting portions to serve as a
sealing means for these intersecting portions. An outer casing 31
is secured as by soldering to the second L-shaped sealing members
30b, and the flange portion 25 is formed at the left-hand end of
the outer casing 31 as seen in FIGS. 6 to 8. The right-hand end of
the outer casing 31 registers with the starting position of the
cut-out at the right-hand end of the first fins 28a, and the
left-hand end of the inner casing 27 registers with the starting
portion of the cut-out at the left-hand end of the second fins 28b
as best shown in FIG. 6.
In operation, air at a low temperature and high pressure is
supplied from a compressor (not shown) to pass through the space
between the housing 21 and the outer casing 31 in a direction as
shown by the arrow A. On the other hand, combustion gas at a high
temperature and low pressure is supplied through the opening of the
ring 26 in a direction as shown by the arrow B. The low-temperature
and high-pressure air flows then in a direction as shown by the
arrow C to enter the triangular spaces defined by the cut-out ends
of the first fins 28a, partition members 29 and first L-shaped
sealing members 30a, thence into the air passages defined between
the partition members 29 and containing the first fins 28a therein
to be discharged through the space between the ring 26 and the
outer casing 31 in a direction as shown by the arrow D. On the
other hand, the high-temperature and low-pressure combustion gas
flows in a direction as shown by the arrow E to enter the
triangular spaces defined by the cut-out ends of the second fins
28b, partition members 29 and second L-shaped sealing members 30b,
thence into the gas passages defined between the partition members
29 and containing the second fins 28b therein to be discharged
through the space between the ring 23 and the inner casing 27 in a
direction as shown by the arrow F. In the heat exchanger, heat
exchange between the low-temperature and high-pressure air and the
high-temperature and low-pressure combustion gas occurs through the
medium of the first and second fins 28a, 28b and partition members
29. As a result, the air supplied in the low-temperature and
high-pressure state is turned into high-temperature and
high-pressure air and such air is fed in the direction of the arrow
D to be supplied into the combustor in the gas turbine engine (not
shown) for combustion, while the combustion gas supplied in the
high-temperature and low-pressure state is turned into
low-temperature and low-pressure gas and such gas is discharged to
the exterior in the direction of the arrow F.
In the second embodiment of the present invention, the first fins
28a and second fins 28b are cut out at their right-hand and
left-hand ends in the manner shown in FIG. 6 so as to provide the
air and combustion gas inlet portions respectively. However, the
first fins 28a may be cut out at the left-hand end thereof as shown
by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 6 in addition to the cut-out at
the right-hand end thereof, while the second fins 28b may not be
cut out at either end thereof, and the shape of the first and
second L-shaped sealing members 30a and 30b may be slightly
modified. In such a modification, the air and combustion gas flow
in respective directions as shown by the two-dot chain lines and
satisfactory heat exchange between the air and the combustion gas
can be similarly effectively attained.
* * * * *