U.S. patent number 3,818,467 [Application Number 05/238,954] was granted by the patent office on 1974-06-18 for damage detection.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Solid State Technology, Inc.. Invention is credited to John George Willis.
United States Patent |
3,818,467 |
Willis |
June 18, 1974 |
DAMAGE DETECTION
Abstract
Damage detection apparatus for use on a normally vertical post
supporting a remote signalling device including a radio
transmitter, comprising an electric generator having output
terminals connected to the transmitter, a source of mechanical
energy, and means for applying mechanical energy from the source to
cause operation of the generator and the transmitter when the
orientation of the post departs from the vertical by a
predetermined amount.
Inventors: |
Willis; John George (Wakefield,
MA) |
Assignee: |
Solid State Technology, Inc.
(Wilmington, MA)
|
Family
ID: |
67146594 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/238,954 |
Filed: |
February 1, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
340/539.3;
310/75A; 340/333; 340/870.28; 290/1E; 340/689; 455/127.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G08B
21/182 (20130101); G08B 23/00 (20130101); G01C
9/14 (20130101); G08B 13/02 (20130101); G08B
25/12 (20130101); F03G 1/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G08B
23/00 (20060101); G08b 023/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/52H,65,224,262,282,333 ;200/61.5,61.48 ;310/75R,75A,113,168
;325/119,185 ;290/1E |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Caldwell; John W.
Assistant Examiner: Lange; Richard P.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for use on a normally vertical post supporting a
remote signalling device including a radio transmitter, comprising
an electric generator having output means connected to said
transmitter, a source of mechanical energy, and means for applying
mechanical energy from said source to cause operation of said
generator and said transmitter when the orientation of said post
departs from the vertical by a predetermined amount.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said means for applying
energy comprises
a first member movable between first and second positions and
disposed, when in said first position, to restrain the application
of energy from said energy source to said generator, said first
member being biased toward said second position,
a second member supported for pivotal movement about a horizontal
axis between first and second positions with respect to said
post,
said second member in its first position retaining said first
member in its first position and said second member in its second
position releasing said first member for movement to its second
position under the influence of said bias.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein said first member
includes a rounded surface having a first predetermined radius,
said second member includes a rounded surface having a second
predetermined radius in contact with said rounded surface of said
first member when each said member is in its respective first
position.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3 wherein said second member
comprises a pendulum including an elongated arm and a weighted
lower end, said rounded surface of said second member being at the
upper end thereof.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein said source of
mechanical energy comprises a spring normally maintained in a
stressed configuration.
6. Apparatus mountable on a support for detecting a deparature from
a predetermined orientation of said support comprising an electric
generator, a source of mechanical energy, and means for applying
energy from said source to cause operation of said generator when
said departure exceeds a predetermined magnitude, said means
comprising
a first member movable between first and second positions and
disposed, when in said first position, to restrain the application
of energy from said energy source to said generator, said first
member being biased toward said second position,
a second member supported for pivotal movement about a horizontal
axis between first and second positions with respect to said
support,
said second member in its first position retaining said first
member in its first position and said second member in its second
position releasing said first member for movement to its second
postion under the influence of said bias.
7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6 wherein said first member
includes a rounded surface having a first predetermined radius,
said second member includes a rounded surface having a second
predetermined radius in contact with said rounded surface of said
first member when each said member is in its respective first
position.
8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 7 wherein said second member
comprises a pendulum including an elongated arm and a weighted
lower end, said rounded surface of said second member being at the
upper end thereof.
9. Apparatus mountable on a support for detecting a departure from
a predetermined orientation of said support comprising an electric
generator, a source of mechanical energy, and means for applying
energy from said source to cause operation of said generator when
said departure exceeds a predetermined magnitude, said means
comprising
a first member movable between first and second positions and
disposed, when in said first position, to restrain the application
of energy from said energy source to said generator, said first
member being biased toward said second position,
a second member supported for pivotal movement about a horizontal
axis between first and second positions with respect to said
support,
said second member in its first position retaining said first
member in its first position and said second member in its second
position releasing said first member for movement to its second
position under the influence of said bias.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 9 further including a radio
transmitter connected to said generator.
11. Apparatus mountable upon a support responsive to a departure
from a predetermined orientation of said support comprising
an electric generator,
a source of mechanical energy comprising a spring normally
maintained in a stressed configuration,
means for applying energy from said spring to cause operation of
said generator when said departure exceeds a predetermined
magnitude, said means comprising
a first member movable vertically between first and second
positions and disposed, when in said first position, to restrain
the application of energy from said spring to said generator, said
first member being biased towards said second position, said first
member including a rounded surface having a first predetermined
radius at its lower vertical end;
a second member comprising a pendulum supported for pivotal
movement about a horizontal axis between first and second positions
with respect to said support, said second member in its first
position retaining said first member in its first position and said
second member in its second position releasing said first member
for movement to its second position under the influence of said
bias, said second member including an elongated arm, a weighted
lower end, and a rounded surface at its upper end, said rounded
surface, when each of said first and second members is in its first
position, being in contact with said rounded surface of said first
member.
Description
This invention relates to apparatus for detecting and indicating a
change in orientation, with respect to a vertical reference axis,
of a support upon which the apparatus is mounted.
For years, there has existed an unsatisfied need for a simple
batteryless wireless signalling system for use in locations where
electrical power is either not available or is subject to failure
under conditions in which the signalling system is most needed. The
former situation is present in modern superhighway systems, which
at present must be constantly patrolled by radio-equipped vehicles
for the motorists' protection. The latter situation arises in newly
developed residential areas remote from urban centers, where fire
protection must be provided in the form of fire alarm boxes which
at present require an expensive independent underground wiring
system for protection from the elements.
This need has been fulfilled by the manually powered, wireless
electrical signalling systems described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,621,398
to Willis. The elimination of wires in such a signalling system,
however, makes it difficult to send test signals to the various
transmitter units (typically pole-mounted emergency boxes spaced
along superhighways) to verify the continued operability of the
units which are exposed to damage via vehicular collision with the
units' supporting posts.
In view of the foregoing, it is a principal object of the present
invention to provide apparatus which will detect and indicate a
change in orientation of a support, while being reliable in
operation and inexpensive to manufacture and install.
It is a further object to provide such apparatus which requires
neither batteries nor an external source of energy for its
operation.
It is an additional object to provide such apparatus which is
rugged in construction and easy to reset.
These and other objects of the invention are accomplished by
providing damage detection apparatus for use on a normally vertical
post supporting a remote signalling device including a radio
transmitter, comprising an electric generator having output
terminals connected to said transmitter, a source of mechanical
energy, and means for applying mechanical energy from said source
to cause operation of said generator and said transmitter when the
orientation of said post departs from the vertical by a
predetermined amount.
Still further objects, features, and advantages will appear from
the following description of a preferred embodiment taken together
with the accompanying drawing.
Referring to the drawing, the apparatus 10 is mounted on a support
12 in the form of a vertical post, such as is suitable for
supporting a highway remote alarm system including a suitable radio
transmitter 13 having an antenna 15. A frame member 14 of the
apparatus 10 is provided with straps 16 which encircle the post 12
and are drawn tightly to grip the post. A suitable enclosure (not
shown) for the apparatus may be secured to the frame 14 or the post
12.
An electric generator 18, having output leads 20 connected to radio
transmitter 13, is mounted such that its shaft 22 is vertically
disposed. Gear 24 is keyed to shaft 22 and is rotatably supported
on a member 26 which is secured to the frame 14. Gear 28, engaged
with gear 24, is secured to shaft 30 and is also mounted for
rotation with respect to member 26. Spool 32 is also secured to
shaft 30. Storage spool 34 is mounted for rotation with respect to
member 26 and includes an upwardly projecting axial portion 36
having a square opening 38 in its upper face. Spiral spring 40 is
formed from a flat web of metal and has its opposite ends secured
to spools 32 and 34 respectively. The lower, downward facing
surface of spool 32 has a 45.degree. latch detent (not visible)
spaced outwardly from shaft 30.
Elongated member 42 is vertically disposed in opening 44 of an arm
46 which projects from the main body of frame 14. The upper end of
member 42 has a ball 48 partially protruding therefrom and upwardly
biased by means of internal spring 50. The lower end 52 of member
42 is smoothly rounded with a 0.25 inch radius. Reset handle 54 is
secured to member 42 by means of rod 56 which passes through member
42 intermediate ball 50 and opening 44.
Pendulum 58 comprises weight 60 and arm 62 which is mounted in
projection 64 of frame member 14 in a ball joint support 66. The
upper portion of arm 62 is of reduced diameter and has a smoothly
rounded upper end 66 having a radius of three thirty-seconds
inch.
Crank 70 is separable from the remainder of the apparatus and has a
lower shaft portion 72 having a cross section of appropriate shape
and size to fit snugly within opening 38 on spool 34.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows. The spring 40 is a
constant force spring which in its unstressed configuration assumes
a spiral configuration around spool 32. When the lower end 72 of
crank 70 is inserted into opening 38 on spool 34 and the crank is
rotated clockwise, the spring 40 is wound onto spool 34 in a spiral
of opposite sense from that which it assumes in its unstressed
configuration. The potential energy of the stressed spring 40 is
stored by means of the spring loaded ball 48 being seated in the
latch detent on the lower surface of spool 32, thereby preventing
rotation of spool 32. Upon withdrawal of ball 48 from the latch
detent, the potential energy of spring 40 as wound on spool 34 is
converted into kinetic energy of rotation of spool 32 and gear 28
as the spring 40 produces such rotation in assuming its unstressed
configuration as wound upon spool 32. The nature of spring 40 as
described above produces a constant velocity of rotation of the
gear 28 for virtually the entire duration of the rotation.
This rotation of gear 28 causes rotation of gear 24 and consequent
operation of generator 18 which provides an output on leads 20 for
the operation of radio transmitter 13. Since the vertically
slidable member 42 is supported by pendulum 58 (surfaces 52 and 68
being in contact) with ball 48 received in the latch detent on
spool 32, the application of the energy stored in the spring to
cause generation of a signal is restrained. If the post 12 should
deviate from its vertical orientation, the fact that pendulum 58
will tend to remain in a truly vertical orientation will cause
relative rotation between surfaces 52 and 68. After sufficient
displacement of post 12 the rotation between surfaces 52 and 68
will be sufficient to permit member 42 to slide with respect to the
frame 14 under the influence of spring 50 and/or gravitational
attraction so as to withdraw ball 48 from the latch detent on spool
32. Thus, a sufficient departure from the predetermined orientation
of post 12 (i.e., vertical) will release the mechanical energy
stored in spring 40 and operate the electrical generator 18 to
cause the generation of a radio signal from transmitter 13. This
signal, which may be coded by conventional techniques, will be
transmitted to a central location for detecting the signal so
transmitted thus enabling repair and/or emergency equipment to be
directed to the particular post 12 which has been damaged or
knocked over.
As will be evident to those skilled in the art, from geometrical
considerations, the relation of the radii of curvature of surfaces
52 and 68 will be the dominant factor which determines how much
tilt of post 12 (or, equivalently, the departure from axial
alignment between member 42 which remains parallel to the post 12
and arm 62 which remains vertical) will be required to cause
disengagement of surfaces 52 and 68 with consequent application of
the stored energy in spring 40 to produce an electrical output on
leads 20 for operating transmitter 13. For the values given above,
a 15.degree. departure of post 12 from the vertical in any
direction will cause the disengagement of surfaces 52 and 68.
The apparatus as described is reset by lifting reset handle 54 to
cause the re-engagement of surfaces 52 and 68, the use of crank 70
to rewind the spring 30 from spool 32 onto spool 34, and the
insertion of ball 48 in the latch detent on spool 32.
While a particular embodiment has been described in detail, other
embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art and are within
the following claims.
* * * * *