U.S. patent number 3,818,114 [Application Number 05/350,628] was granted by the patent office on 1974-06-18 for device for causing a tremolo or like effect in an electronic keyboard musical instrument.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha. Invention is credited to Shimaji Okamoto.
United States Patent |
3,818,114 |
Okamoto |
June 18, 1974 |
DEVICE FOR CAUSING A TREMOLO OR LIKE EFFECT IN AN ELECTRONIC
KEYBOARD MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
Abstract
Each of the playing keys of an electronic keyboard musical
instrument is supported so as to be capable of moving back and
forth besides turning up and down through a predetermined angle in
the usual manner. Typically, the back-and-forth motion of each key
is detected photoelectrically, by means comprising a light source,
a light-sensitive variable resistor, and an apertured shutter
movable in step with the back-and-forth motion of the key to
regulate the intensity of the light incident upon the
light-sensitive variable resistor from the light source. The output
from the photoelectric means is utilized, for instance, to regulate
the level of the signal delivered from a tone coloring circuit to
an amplifier circuit of the electronic musical instrument so that a
tremolo effect can be added to the sound emitted from a loudspeaker
connected to the amplifier circuit.
Inventors: |
Okamoto; Shimaji (Hamamatsu,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki
Kaisha (Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka-ken, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
12673061 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/350,628 |
Filed: |
April 12, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Apr 13, 1972 [JA] |
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47-043773 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
84/629; 84/423R;
84/705; 84/644; 84/719; 984/318 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G10H
1/0553 (20130101); G10H 2220/305 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G10H
1/055 (20060101); G10h 001/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;84/1.01,1.17,1.24,1.25,DIG.7,DIG.17,DIG.19,423-425,427,430,433 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Tomsky; Stephen J.
Assistant Examiner: Welslow; U.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Goldfarb; Kenneth S.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In an electronic keyboard musical instrument, the combination
comprising a support of resilient material mounted on the
instrument, a plurality of elongated keys each resting on said
support and swingable with said support as a fulcrum, said support
being resilient enough to permit each of said keys to move back and
forth in the lengthwise direction of each said key, a plurality of
detecting means coupled to said keys for detecting the back and
forth movement of each of said keys, and circuit means coupled to
the said detecting means for producing a tremolo sound effect in
accordance with the detection of the back and forth movement by
said detecting means.
2. The combination as defined in claim 1, wherein said support
member is coupled at one end to the rear end of each said keys and
at the other end to a stationary part of the electronic musical
instrument.
3. The combination as defined in claim 1, wherein each said
detecting means comprise a light source a light-sensitive variable
resistor positioned opposite said light source and an apertured
shutter movably positioned between said light source and said
light-sensitive variable resistor, said apertured shutter being
coupled to one of said keys to move up and down related to said
light source and said light-sensitive variably resistor, to
regulate the intensity of the light incident on said
light-sensitive variable resistor from said light source in
accordance with the back-and-forth motion of each of said keys.
4. The combination as defined in claim 3, including a lever
fastened to said apertured shutter adapted to convey the
back-and-forth motion of one of said keys to said apertured shutter
of one of said detecting means.
5. The combination as defined in claim 3, wherein the output from
said detecting means is impressed to the gate of a field-effect
transistor connected between a tone coloring circuit and an
amplifier circuit of the electronic musical instrument to vary the
level of the output from said tone coloring circuit in accordance
with the back-and-forth motion of each of said keys, whereby a
tremolo effect can be added to the sound emitted from a loudspeaker
connected to said amplifier circuit.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to electronic musical instruments,
and more specifically to a novel and improved device for adding a
tremolo or other effect to the sound produced by an electronic
organ or like keyboard instrument through back-and-forth motion of
any of the playing keys of the instrument.
It is well known that in an electronic keyboard musical instrument,
the desired tones are produced as the performer depresses the keys.
Each of these keys is then lowered against the tensile force of a
spring, with the result that an actuating lever extending
downwardly from each key operates the corresponding switch housed
in a switch box below the key. Thereupon an output signal from the
tone generator corresponding to the depressed key is introduced
into a tone coloring circuit through a path which has been
completed by that particular switch. At the tone coloring circuit
the output signal from the tone generator is processed so as to
represent the timbre or tone color of any desired musical
instrument such for example as a flute or violin. The
thus-processed signal is further fed through an amplifier circuit
and is then emitted as audible sound from a loudspeaker connected
to the amplifier circuit.
Conventionally, in order to produce the effect of tremolo, glide or
the like, or to regulate the tremolo speed, the performer of an
electronic organ or the like has been required to use his feet
while he is playing on the keyboard or keyboards of the instrument
with both of his hands. However, such simultaneous manipulation of
the digital and pedal keys as well as the switches is so difficult,
especially to the unskilled performer, that it has presented a
serious bar to his gaining true command of the instrument.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the noted difficulties of the prior art, it is an object
of this invention to provide a novel and improved device for
causing a tremolo or other effect in an electronic keyboard musical
instrument such as an electronic organ, such that the desired
effect can be produced simply by moving back and forth any of the
playing keys of the instrument.
Another object of the invention is to provide a device of the
character referred to, which can be easily incorporated in an
electronic organ or like keyboard instrument without any
substantial modification of its construction or without
substantially increasing its manufacturing costs.
A further object of the invention is to provide an improved
electronic keyboard musical instrument which can be played easily
even by a relatively unskilled performer.
With these objects in view and the other ancillary objects
hereinafter made apparent, the present invention provides the novel
combination in an electronic keyboard musical instrument which
includes support means for supporting each of the playing keys of
the electronic musical instrument in such a manner that the keys
are each capable of moving back and forth besides turning up and
down through a predetermined angle in the usual manner. The
back-and-forth motion of each key is detected to control specific
circuit means of the electronic musical instrument such that a
desired effect can be added to the sound produced by the
instrument.
In more specific aspects of the invention, the back-and-forth
motion of each key is detected photoelectrically, and the pulsating
output from the photoelectric detecting means is impressed to the
gate of a field-effect transistor connected between a tone coloring
circuit and an amplifier circuit of the electronic musical
instrument. As the level of the output signal from the tone
coloring circuit is thus varied in step with the back-and-forth
motion of the key, a tremolo effect is added to the sound being
emitted from a loudspeaker connected to the amplifier circuit.
The features which are believed to be novel and characteristic of
this invention are set forth with particularity in the appended
claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its organization
and mode of operation, together with the further objects and
advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following
description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
which illustrate, by way of example only, a preferred embodiment of
the invention and in which like reference characters denote like
parts throughout the several views.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view showing a digitally operable key
of an electronic organ or like keyboard instrument and means
directly associated therewith by way of a preferred embodiment of
the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top plan view of photoelectric means adapted
to detect the back-and-forth motion of the key of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a block diagram explanatory of the electrical
configuration of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The device according to this invention is adaptable for any
electronic musical instrument having a bank keys to be digitally
played upon for sound production. FIG. 1 illustrates one of such
playing keys 10 arranged side by side on a support structure or
frame 11 of an electronic organ or the like. The rear end of each
key 10 is substantially integrally coupled to an arm 12,
hereinafter referred to as the key arm, in accordance with the
prior art. The key arm 12 is securely coupled to the upper end of a
support 13 of resilient material which typically may be provided in
the form of a leaf spring or of a strip of elastomer or the like,
while the lower end of this resilient support 13 is screwed or
otherwise fastened at 14 to the rear end of the frame 11. In this
manner each key 10 is permitted to move back and forth besides
being capable of turning up and down like the usual keys of
keyboard musical instruments.
A helical tension spring 15 extends between the rear end of the key
arm 12 and a substantially Z-shaped member 16 rigidly coupled to
the frame 11, so that the key 10 is normally held in its horizontal
position as shown in FIG. 1.
A lever 17 has one of its ends coupled to the upper end of the
resilient support 13 and the other end fastened to an appropriately
apertured shutter 18 shown in FIG. 2. The back-and-forth motion of
the key 10 is thus detected through the lever 17 by photoelectric
means 19 hereinafter set forth in more detail.
A switch actuating lever 20 extends downwardly from the key 10 into
a switch box 21 mounted under the frame 11. Hence, each time the
key 10 is depressed, the switch, not shown, within the switch box
21 will be closed in accordance with the prior art to cause an
output signal from the corresponding tone generator of the
electronic musical instrument to be delivered to a tone coloring
circuit via a switching circuit which has been rendered conductive
by that particular switch.
At the front end of the frame 11 there is fixedly provided a member
22 to support a stop 23 at its upper end. The stop 23 is somewhat
loosely received in a housing of any suitable shape formed on the
underside of the key 10, in such a manner that the angle of swing
of the key is thereby delimited.
As illustrated in further detail in FIG. 2, the aforementioned
photoelectric means 19 mounted on the frame 11 is composed of a
light source 24 such for example as a lamp or a photodiode, and a
light-sensitive variable resistor 25 such for example as a
cadmium-sulphide photoresistor positioned opposite the light source
24 through the apertured shutter 18. The light source 24 is
connected to a DC power supply 26, and the light given off by the
light source 24 due to the DC power supply 26 is normally cut short
by the shutter 18. The aperture 18 formed in this shutter 18 may,
for example, be of substantially sectorial shape as is well known
to those in the art.
As the key 10 is digitally moved back and forth, as indicated by
the double-headed arrow in FIG. 1, the lever 17 coupled to the
upper end of the resilient support 13 and fastened to the shutter
18, will cause the shutter 18 correspondingly to move up and down
relative to the light source 24 and the light-sensitive variable
resistor 25, in such a manner that the intensity of the light
incident on the latter from the former is regulated in conformity
with the back-and-forth motion of the key 10.
With reference to FIG. 3, the light-sensitive variable resistor 25
can be connected, for example, in the base-biasing circuit of a
transistor Tr functioning substantially as an amplifier. One of the
terminals, T.sub.1, of the light-sensitive variable resistor 25 is
connected to a terminal P which is to be connected to the positive
electrode of a DC power supply not shown in the drawings. The other
terminal T.sub.2 of the light-sensitive variable resistor 25 is
connected to the base of the transistor Tr via a resistance
R.sub.1, and the point of connection between the resistance R.sub.1
and the terminal T.sub.2 of the light-sensitive variable resistor
25 is grounded via a resistance R.sub.2.
The collector of the transistor Tr is connected to the aforesaid
terminal P, while the emitter of this transistor is, on the one
hand, grounded via a resistance R.sub.3 and, on the other hand,
connected to the gate of a field-effect transistor 27 via a
resistance R.sub.4. The field-effect transistor 27, provided for
the purpose of amplitude regulation as hereinafter explained in
further detail, has its drain D connected to the output of a tone
coloring circuit 28 and its source S connected to an amplifier
circuit 29 and thence to a loudspeaker 30.
The keyboard 31 of the electronic musical instrument consists of
the bank of digitally operable keys 10 illustrated in detail in
FIG. 1. These keys 10 are associated with the respective switching
circuits generally designated by the numeral 32, in accordance with
the prior art, so that each time any of the keys 10 is digitally
depressed, conduction is caused as aforesaid through the
corresponding switching circuit to permit a desired output signal
from the tone generator circuit 33 to be delivered therethrough to
the tone coloring circuit 28.
In the preferred embodiment of this invention, configured
substantially as hereinbefore described, each key 10 on the
keyboard 31 is turned downwardly on the resilient support 13
against the helical tension spring 15 when digitally depressed in
the usual manner, with the result that the switch actuating lever
20 coupled to the depressed key is lowered to close the switch in
the switch box 21 thereby causing conduction through the
corresponding one of the switching circuits 32 shown in FIG. 3.
Thereupon the desired output signal from the tone generator circuit
33 is delivered through the conductive switching circuit to the
tone coloring circuit 28, where the signal is processed in the
known manner so as to represent the timbre or tone color of any
desired musical instrument such for example as a flute or a violin.
The output signal from the tone coloring circuit 28 is delivered
through the field-effect transistor 27 and the amplifier circuit 29
to the loudspeader 30, where the amplified signal from the
amplifier circuit 29 is translated into the desired audible
sound.
It is assumed that the shutter 18 of the photoelectric means 19 is
so related with the key 10 that when the key is depressed in the
usual manner, the light given off by the light source 24 is
permitted to irradiate the light-sensitive variable resistor 25
with an intermediate degree of intensity. Since the base-biasing
potential of the transistor Tr is determined in accordance with the
intensity of the light incident on the light-sensitive variable
resistor 25, there can be caused no substantial fluctuation in the
level of the output signal from the tone coloring circuit 28 as it
travels through the field-effect transistor 27. Hence, as the keys
on the keyboard 31 are successively depressed in the usual manner,
the musical sound can be produced from the loudspeaker 30 at a
preset volume.
In order to add a tremolo effect to the sound thus emitted from the
loudspeaker 30, the desired key 10 may be moved back and forth as
indicated by the double-headed arrow in FIG. 1 while being held in
its depressed position. This back-and-forth motion of the key 10
together with the key arm 12 is converted into the up-and-down
motion of the lever 17, also indicated by the double-headed arrow
in FIG. 1, through the resilient support 13 coupled to the key arm
12. The shutter 18, FIG. 2, is thus moved up and down relative to
the light source 24 and the light-sensitive variable resistor
25.
If now it is assumed that the intensity of the light incident on
the light-sensitive variable resistor 25 increases with the upward
motion of the shutter 18, then the resistance of the
light-sensitive variable resistor 25 decreases thereby resulting in
the increase in the base current and hence in the emitter current
of the transistor Tr. As a consequence, a high potential is
impressed to the gate of the field-effect transistor 27, so that
the level of the output signal from the tone coloring circuit 28
increases to cause the corresponding increase in the volume of the
sound produced from the loudspeaker 30 via the amplifier circuit
29.
If, on the other hand, the shutter 18 is moved downwardly, the
gate-biasing potential of the field-effect transistor 27 decreases
through a procedure which will be apparent from the foregoing
description, so that the volume of the sound produced from the
loudspeaker 30 also decreases.
Hence, as the key 10 is digitally moved back and forth while being
held in its depressed position, the loudspeaker 30 emits the tone
in a pulsating or tremulous manner by the repetition of the above
described procedure. The performer can thus add the desired tremolo
effect to his musical performance by use of his hands only.
Although the present invention has been shown and described
hereinbefore in terms of a specific embodiment thereof, it is to be
clearly understood that the invention itself is not to be
restricted by the exact showing of the drawings and the description
thereof. For example, while in the illustrated embodiment of the
invention the lever 17 and the photoelectric means 19 are provided
for each and every digital key of the electronic musical
instrument, it is of course possible to provide a single
photoelectric means in common to all the keys of the instrument, so
as to be properly actuated upon back-and-forth motion of any of the
keys. It is also possible to detect the back-and-forth motion of
each key not only photoelectrically as in the illustrated
embodiment but piezoelectrically or otherwise.
Furthermore, while the back-and-forth motion of each key is
utilized to obtain the tremolo effect by correspondingly regulating
the output from the tone coloring circuit in the illustrated
embodiment of the invention, the device according to the invention
is easily adaptable for controlling other circuits designed to give
glide or other effects. It will also be apparent to those skilled
in the art that the device of the invention can be associated not
only with the digital keys but also with the pedal keys as of an
electronic organ to produce a desired effect through the
back-and-forth motion of the pedal keys. Therefore, the term "key"
as used in the appended claims should be understood to be inclusive
of both digital and pedal keys.
All these and other modifications, substitutions or changes are
intended in the foregoing disclosure. It is therefore appropriate
that the invention be construed broadly and in a manner consistent
with the fair meaning or proper scope of the claims which
follow.
* * * * *