U.S. patent number 3,817,503 [Application Number 05/369,553] was granted by the patent office on 1974-06-18 for apparatus for making metal powder.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Carpenter Technology Corporation. Invention is credited to Paul J. Gibilisco, James H. Lafferty, Raymond A. Reiter.
United States Patent |
3,817,503 |
Lafferty , et al. |
June 18, 1974 |
APPARATUS FOR MAKING METAL POWDER
Abstract
Apparatus for atomizing molten metal in which the upper portion
of a ceramic nozzle distribution element coacts with the bottom of
a source of molten metal such as a tundish to form a hollow stream
of molten metal An array of fluid nozzles is located within the
hollow stream, and the radially outwardly directed fluid jets
atomize the falling curtain of molten metal into particulates which
are driven outwardly and away from each other by the impinging
fluid. The ceramic distribution element is preferably formed with
channels which become progressively shallower downwardly toward the
bottom of the ceramic element.
Inventors: |
Lafferty; James H. (Reading,
PA), Reiter; Raymond A. (Reading, PA), Gibilisco; Paul
J. (Reading, PA) |
Assignee: |
Carpenter Technology
Corporation (Reading, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
23455933 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/369,553 |
Filed: |
June 13, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
425/7 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B22F
9/082 (20130101); G01N 33/2025 (20190101) |
Current International
Class: |
B22F
9/08 (20060101); G01N 33/20 (20060101); C21c
007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;266/34R,35 ;425/7
;264/12 ;75/52-60 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Dost; Gerald A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Jay; Edgar N.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for making metal powder by atomizing molten metal for
use with a container for molten metal having a downwardly opening
aperture, comprising a distributing element, means for supporting
said distributing element in said aperture with the lower portion
of said distributing element extending below said aperture and the
upper portion of said distributing element forming an orifice with
the wall of said aperture for the flow of molten metal
therethrough, nozzle means below said distributing element and
inwardly of the periphery of the latter for providing atomizing
fluid jets outwardly directed with respect to the axis of said
distributing element, whereby fluid exiting from the fluid nozzle
means impinges molten metal falling from the periphery of said
distributing element to atomize the same and drive the thus formed
particulates outward.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 in which said distributing element has
a plurality of downwardly extending channels formed in the surface
thereof.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 in which said channels become
progressively shallower from the upper to the lower ends
thereof.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 in which the lower ends of said
channels terminate adjacent to and spaced from the bottom
peripheral edge of said distributing element.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 in which said distributing element is
conically shaped, and said channels radiate downwardly.
6. The apparatus of claim 4 in which said distributing element is
shaped as a frustum of a cone.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 in which said nozzle means includes a
plenum, and said distributing element has a recess formed in the
bottom thereof to receive said nozzle means.
8. Apparatus for making metal powder by atomizing molten metal,
comprising a container for molten metal and having a downwardly
opening aperture, a distributing element, means supporting said
distributing element in said aperture with the lower portion of
said distributing element extending below said aperture and the
upper portion of said distributing element forming an orifice with
the wall of said aperture for the flow of molten metal
therethrough, means forming an array of fluid nozzles below said
distributing element and inwardly of the periphery of the latter,
said fluid nozzles being outwardly directed with respect to the
axis of said distributing element, whereby fluid exiting from said
fluid nozzles impinges molten metal falling from the periphery of
said distributing element to atomize the same and drive the thus
formed particulates outward.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 in which said distributing element has
a plurality of downwardly extending channels formed in the surface
thereof.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 in which said channels become
progressively shallower from the upper to the lower ends
thereof.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 in which said means forming said
fluid nozzles includes a plenum communicating with said fluid
nozzles, and said distributing element has a recess formed in the
bottom thereof to receive said fluid nozzle- and plenum-forming
means.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to new and useful improvements in apparatus
for atomizing a stream of molten metal into solidified particulates
and, more particularly, to an improved nozzle structure for
atomizing the stream of molten metal.
It is, of course, broadly old to atomize or break up a stream of
molten metal into particulates through the impinging action of high
pressure high velocity jets. Later refinements include the use of a
ceramic nozzle to control the flow of metal from a supplying
tundish to the atomizing zone, but even so, such problems as
preventing the formation of satellite clusters, preventing
backsplatter and metal buildup on the metal transmitting and fluid
nozzles and obtaining more efficient conversion of a high
percentage of the throughput into useful particulates remain.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is, therefore, a principal object of this invention to provide
an improved apparatus for atomizing a stream of molten metal to
form metal powder which minimizes the backsplatter of metal and
metal buildup on the nozzle itself as well as the formation of
satellite or particle clusters caused by collisions between
insufficiently solidified particles.
In carrying out the present invention, an atomizing structure is
provided for use with a tundish or other container of a supply of
molten metal which forms the molten metal into a hollow stream
which surrounds an array of outwardly directed fluid nozzles. Jets
from the fluid nozzles are directed radially outward from within
the hollow metal stream and, on impingement with the stream,
atomize it into particulates which fall radially outwardly away
from each other and from the jet nozzles.
Preferably, the atomizing structure comprises a generally conical
or frustro-conical ceramic element the upper portion of which is
inserted into the bottom of a tundish to cause the flow of molten
metal therefrom to progress downwardly in a progressively spreading
manner to form a thin annular curtain or hollow stream falling from
the bottom of the conical ceramic element.
A plurality of outwardly directed fluid nozzles are mounted to form
an annular array within the curtain or hollow stream of falling
molten metal to provide radially outwardly directed fluid jets
which impinge against and atomize the metal into particulates. To
facilitate formation of the desired thin walled curtain or hollow
stream of molten metal the ceramic nozzle member has a plurality of
channels formed on its surface which diverge from each other as
they extend downwardly along the conically shaped member. For best
results, the depth of each of the channels becomes progressively
less as the circumference of the ceramic member increases for more
uniform distribution of the molten flow.
In another embodiment, instead of discrete fluid nozzles, a
substantially continuous slot is provided from which an essentially
continuous, 360.degree. flow of fluid is emitted for atomizing the
metal.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be
apparent from the following detailed description and the
accompanying drawings in which
FIG. 1 is a somewhat schematic vertical section, partly in
elevation, of an atomizing structure constructed in accordance with
this invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the structure in FIG. 1 and the adjacent
portion of a tundish in which it is mounted; and
FIG. 3 is a detail vertical section taken along line 3--3 of FIG.
1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention will now be described in detail in connection
with a preferred embodiment thereof as used with an inert gas as
the atomizing fluid.
Referring to the drawings in detail, the invention, as illustrated,
is embodied in an atomizing structure shown for illustrative
purposes in association with a tundish generally indicated at 5.
The structure comprises a ceramic, frusto-conical distributing
element generally indicated at 6 and a nozzle assembly generally
indicated at 7 for the atomizing fluid which in this instance is a
gas.
The bottom of the tundish 5 is provided with an aperture 8, the
side wall 9 of which is disposed at an angle conforming to the
surface 10 of the ceramic distributing element 6 so that when the
latter is seated in the aperture 8, the aperture is sealed except
for channels 11 formed in the ceramic element 6.
The distributing element 6 is supported in operative relation to
the tundish 5 on a feed pipe 17, yet to be described, and is
preferably proportioned in such manner that its upper portion
projects through and plugs the aperature 8.
The channels 11 formed in the outer surface of the distributing
element 6 are preferably semicircular in cross section and form an
annular array with the channels extending downwardly and diverging
from one another. Each channel has a progressively smaller
cross-section from top to bottom and preferably adjacent to the
bottom of the distributing element 6 vanish and leave a bottom
marginal portion which is free of channels. The channels 11
facilitate the formation of a substantially continuous annular
curtain or hollow stream of molten metal which falls from the
bottom periphery of the distribution element 11.
The bottom end of the distribution element 6 is recessed to receive
and locate the nozzle assembly 7 on which the former is supported.
The nozzle assembly 7 comprises a top stud or plug 12 and an
intermediate generally tapered portion 13 which together mate with
the complementarily formed recess in the distributing element 6.
The intermediate portion 13 of the assembly 7 forms a plenum and is
provided with an inclined outer wall 14 in which a plurality of
fluid nozzles 15 are radially disposed. The inclination of wall 14
is such that the axes of fluid nozzles 15, which extend normal to
the plane of the wall 14 extend in the desired direction for
atomizing the molten metal. The angle of the nozzles is not
critical but preferably they converge with the plane of the surface
10 of the distribution element 6. The lower portion of the assembly
7 is generally cylindrical and is threaded onto the gas feed pipe
17.
Thus, the fluid from the nozzles 15 is directed downwardly and
outwardly beneath the outer edge of the bottom of the distributing
element 6 for impingement against and atomization of the molten
metal falling therefrom in a hollow stream thereby effecting an
outward dispersion of the atomized particles which thus have more
time to solidify before colliding with and thus preventing
agglomeration with other particles.
While not essential, the walls of the tundish 5 can be heated to
ensure desired fluidity in the molten metal. When required, the
tundish 5 can be inductively heated by providing a susceptor or a
separate radiant heating electrode can be provided just below the
bottom of the tundish 5 and surrounding the atomizing nozzle
assembly.
In operation, the pipe 17 is connected to a suitable supply of an
atomizing fluid, preferably an inert gas such as argon under a
pressure high enough to provide the desired atomization of the
metal. To that end a pressure of at least about 300 psi is
required. Molten metal is supplied to the tundish 5 and covers the
upper portion of the distributing element 6 from which it passes
through the channels 11 defined by the wall 9 of the tundish bottom
aperture and the distributing element 6. The molten metal spreads
out over the lower portion of element 6 and falls from it in a
substantially continuous hollow stream which is broken up and
atomized by the jets from nozzles 15.
In a further embodiment, most of the nozzles 15 can be merged to
provide a substantially annular nozzle structure in the form of an
annular slot which can be continuous except for about three narrow
spiders.
While operation of the atomizing structure has been described in
connection with the use of argon, the preferred atomizing fluid,
other gases can be used and also a liquid such as water can also be
used as the atomizing fluid.
It is, of course, to be understood that variations in arrangements
and proportions of parts may be made within the scope of the
appended claims. The terms and expressions which have been employed
are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there
is no intention in the use of such terms and expressions of
excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described or
portions thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications
are possible within the scope of the invention claimed.
* * * * *