U.S. patent number 3,815,525 [Application Number 05/295,110] was granted by the patent office on 1974-06-11 for method and apparatus for introducing liquid into root zone of plants in soil.
Invention is credited to Sergei Alexandrovich Dobrokhotov, Anatoly Yakovlevich Kainson, Nikolai Dmitrievich Kholin, Jury Sergeevich Razygraev, Alexei Nikolaevich Ryazanov, Veniamin Prokofievich Sokolov, Nikolai Elizarovich Sorokin, Boris Peisakhovich Telyatnikov, Nikolai Ivanovich Zaitsev, Boris Genikhovich Zandman.
United States Patent |
3,815,525 |
Kainson , et al. |
June 11, 1974 |
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INTRODUCING LIQUID INTO ROOT ZONE OF
PLANTS IN SOIL
Abstract
Liquid under high pressure is injected into the root zone of
plants in soil by the action of accumulated impact energy in the
form of continuous pulse jets. A device for effecting injection of
liquid comprises a chamber adapted to accumulated the liquid, and a
nozzle disposed in the lower portion of the chamber and adapted to
discharge liquid as pulse jets. A plunger is accommodated in the
chamber, the plunger being reciprocated to transmit an impact to
the liquid and being connected to a resilient compression member
adapted to accumulate energy.
Inventors: |
Kainson; Anatoly Yakovlevich
(Moscow, SU), Razygraev; Jury Sergeevich (Moscow,
SU), Sorokin; Nikolai Elizarovich (Moscow,
SU), Dobrokhotov; Sergei Alexandrovich (Moscow,
SU), Sokolov; Veniamin Prokofievich (Moscow,
SU), Zaitsev; Nikolai Ivanovich (Moscow,
SU), Zandman; Boris Genikhovich (Moscow,
SU), Telyatnikov; Boris Peisakhovich (Moscow,
SU), Kholin; Nikolai Dmitrievich (Moscow,
SU), Ryazanov; Alexei Nikolaevich (Klin,
SU) |
Family
ID: |
26898666 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/295,110 |
Filed: |
October 5, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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203500 |
Nov 30, 1971 |
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849452 |
Aug 12, 1969 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
111/127;
239/101 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01C
23/026 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A01C
23/00 (20060101); A01C 23/02 (20060101); A01c
023/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;111/6,99,101,533
;239/426 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Bagwill; Robert E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Holman & Stern
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application is essentially a continuation-in-part
application of U.S. Pat. Application Ser. No. 203,500 filed on Nov.
30, 1971, now abandoned. This latter application, in turn, is a
Continuation Application of the parent application Ser. No. 849,452
filed on Aug. 12, 1969 and is now abandoned.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A device for injecting liquid into the root zone of plants under
pulse pressure comprising: at least one cylinder having an outlet
nozzle mounted at the lower end of said cylinder and adapted to be
positioned above the soil surface; a chamber disposed in said
cylinder adjacent to said nozzle thereabove and adapted for
periodical accumulation of liquid; a valve disposed in said nozzle
and adapted to prevent premature discharging of the liquid from
said chamber; means in fluid communication with said chamber for
supplying the liquid thereto at an adjustable rate of flow; a
non-return valve disposed in said means for supplying the liquid
and adapted to prevent the return flow of the liquid; a plunger
disposed in said cylinder and being capable of reciprocation for
periodical entrance into said chamber in order to deliver an impact
to the liquid accumulated in said chamber, whereby high pulse
pressure is developed in said chamber, said pressure being utilized
to discharge the accumulated liquid through said nozzle in the form
of a high-speed pulse jet; means including a force transmitting
element for ensuring reciprocation of said plunger; said force
transmitting element comprising a compressible resilient member
disposed in the upper portion of said cylinder and adapted to
accumulate energy; the accumulated energy further accelerating said
plunger when the latter enters said chamber to deliver an impact to
the liquid accumulated in said chamber; said resilient member being
mounted on one end upon said plunger and on the other end upon a
stop disposed in said cylinder, said resilient member exerting a
force on said plunger throughout the reciprocation thereof; said
stop being adjustable to adjust an amount of energy accumulated in
said resilient member.
2. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said means for ensuring
reciprocation of said plunger comprise an elongated bar having a
projection at its lower end, the other end of said bar being bent,
a spring embracing said bar and resting upon said projection to
move said bar to a lower initial position, a traverse member being
connected to said bent end of said bar, means for imparting motion
to said traverse member along with said bar, an additional bar
being pivotally connected by one of its ends to said bent end of
said elongated bar, rollers being disposed at the free end of said
additional bar, and a locking clamp attached to said plunger and
periodically interacting with said rollers to reciprocate said
plunger.
3. A device as claimed in claim 2, wherein said means for ensuring
reciprocation of said plunger comprise a wedge-shaped projection
secured to said cylinder, the chamfer surface of which is directed
outwardly of said traverse member towards said nozzle to ensure
disengagement of said rollers from said locking clamp with the
result that under action of said compression resilient member said
plunger moves downward to deliver an impact to the liquid.
4. A device as claimed in claim 1, in which said compression
resilient member comprises a compression coil spring.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to fertilizing and more
particularly, it relates to a method of introducing highly
pressurized liquid into root zone of plants in soil and to an
apparatus for accomplishing the same.
This invention may be successfully used in growing large-and-small
fruits, vineyards etc., when deep subsoil injection of liquid
fertilizers directly into the root zone of a plant is required in
order to provide a vast subsoil nourishing zone without destroying
the root system of the plant. The invention may also be used for
subsoil irrigation of plants, for protection of plants from pests,
as well as for stimulating growth of the former.
Methods of injecting liquids into soil are known, such methods
comprising the step of introducing liquid into soil in the form of
separate intermittent jets which penetrate into the soil to a
negligible depth of about 6-8 inches under pressures ranging from
35 to 105 atm. The device used for accomplishing the method
comprises a measuring tank receiving pressurized liquid supplied by
a pump and a cylinder disposed under the tank and containing a
plunger reciprocating in the cylinder under the action of a cam and
connected to a valve (cf. U.S. Pat. No. 3,012,526, Cl111-6). The
process of injecting liquid into soil is carried out in the
following way. Liquid is supplied from the pump to the measuring
tank. During the downward stroke of the plunger the liquid is
passed to a delivery pipe through a valve, while on the upward
stroke of the plunger the pressure of the liquid in the pipe and in
an outlet cavity gradually increases. The outlet of the nozzle is
ovelapped by a spring-loaded needle valve. When pressure of the
liquid contained in the pipe exceeds the force of the spring, the
needle valve is raised to open the outlet of the nozzle, whereby
the liquid goes out of the nozzle under pressure and penetrates
into soil. After the dropping of pressure in the chamber, the
needle valve is lowered to overlap the nozzle outlet, whereupon the
cycle is repeated. From the above-said it is clear, that the
possibilities of the conventional device are extremely limited with
respect to discharge pressure of the liquid coming out of the
nozzle. To build up high pressure of an order of 3,000 atm. which
is necessary for penetration of liquid to a relatively great depth
of about 1 meter without destroying the root system of plants, it
would be necessary to substantially increase the overall dimensions
of the deivce, which is undesirable from the structural point of
view.
Devices for injecting liquids into soil are also known in the art,
comprising a spring-loaded piston disposed in a chamber and
reciprocating therein due to engagement with a cam; a nozzle fixer
in the lower part of the chamber, and a valve positioned in a pipe
supplying liquid to the chamber (cf. U.S. Pat. No. 2,930,334,
Cl.111-6). The injection of liquid is carried out in the following
way. The piston reciprocates in the chamber (moving downwardly
under the action of the cam and upwardly under the action of the
spring). During the upward stroke of the piston, the chamber is
vacuumized and the valve is caused to operate due to the vacuum and
under the action of the liquid gravity, whereby the space defined
by the piston and sleeve is filled with the liquid.
During the downward stroke, the piston compresses the liquid and
thereby gradually increases the pressure in the cavity. Due to the
fact that there is no space between the piston and the liquid, the
latter is gradually forced out of the cavity during the rotation of
the cam and movement of the piston. The opening provided in the
sleeve is normally closed by the spring-loaded valve. When the
pressure of the liquid acting on the valve exceeds the force of the
spring, the valve is displaced downwardly permitting the liquid to
come out of the nozzle through the openings. It is absolutely clear
that the liquid pressure depends on the cam stroke and, therefore,
the conventional device is limited with respect to the possibilies
of increasing the pressure, and hence, the depth of injection.
The injection depth may, however, be increased by using a device
with working units mounted on the tine of a cultivator and deepened
together therewith into soil down to a required depth. While
travelling along a furrow, the working unit of these devices
introduces liquid into soil. However, in the case of use of the
aforesaid device a split is formed in the soil, which results in
damage and desiccation of the root system of plants, as well as in
a partial wear of the working units due to the soil abrasive
action.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide such a method
and an apparatus for introducing liquid into soil that will provide
for injecting highly pressurized intermittent liquid into soil to a
considerable depth without destroying the root zone of plants.
An important object of the present invention is to provide a vast
subsoil nourishing zone for plants.
Still another object of the invention is to simplify the design and
to raise the reliability of the above-mentioned device.
In the accomplishment of these and other objects of the invention,
periodically accumulated portions of liquid are introduced into the
root zone of plants in soil under the action of impact as pulse
jets, the pulse pressure in this case ranging from 1,000 to 3,500
atm. The lower limit of this range (1,000 atm) is dictated by the
requirement to inject liquid to the depth of not smaller than 30-
50 cm. At pressures lower than 1,000 atm. the required depth of
penetration cannot be achieved. In soil dressing of fruit crops and
vineyards the required depth of liquid injection into soil is
increased up to 1 m. This depth is achieved only at pressures of
about 3,500 atm. A further increase in the pressure is not
advisable because the main part of the hole is made by the first
portions of the liquid jet, while the rest portions thereof lose a
considerable part of their energy in passing through the previously
delivered liquid and only thereafter can they reach the soil to
increase slightly the depth already obtained.
It should be borne in mind that the soil resistance increases in
proportion to the depth of the jet penetration and therefore, the
critical moment is inevitable, when a further increasing of the
pressure does not ensure an increment of the injection depth due to
the loss of energy in the subsequent portions of the jet and due to
the increase in the soil resistance.
In accordance with the present invention, the device for
accomplishing the above-mentioned method is provided with means for
delivering forces by a compressible elastic body disposed in the
upper portion of the cylinder and adapted to accumulate the energy
after the plunger leaves the chamber. The energy, thus accumulated,
aids in further acceleration of the plunger, necessary for
delivering an impact upon the surface of the liquid contained in
the chamber. The elastic body is pressed by its one end to the
plunger and by the other end to the stop disposed in the cylinder,
the stop being made adjustable to control the energy accumulated by
the elastic body.
Such a method and constructive embodiment of the device make it
possible to inject liquid into soil in the form in high-speed pulse
jets under a pressure of the range from 1,000 to 3,500 atm to the
depth of about 0.3-1 m without destroying the root zone of
plants.
The above-mentioned results were obtained by use of a device built
in accordance with the main principles of the present invention
which consist in a relatively slow accumulation of energy and in a
very fast (some milliseconds) transmission of this energy to a
definite volume of liquid contained in the chamber.
It is preferable that means provided for reciprocation of the
plunger are made as an elongated bar having a projection at one end
adapted to receive a spring forced against this projection, while
the other end of the bar is bent and connected to a traverse member
driven from a power unit, the bent end of the bar is also connected
by means of a pivot to another rod the free end of which is
equipped with rollers periodically engaging a locking clamp secured
to the plunger. Such a specific embodiment of the device, in
accordance with the invention, ensures reliable operation of the
device as a whole, and, at the same time, makes it possible to
simplify its structure.
In order to ensure the predetermined release height of the piston
and the fixation of the amount of energy accumulated, it is
expedient that the means used to reciprocate the plunger comprise a
wedge-shaped projection secured to the cylinder and have a chamfer
surface directed from the traverse member towards the nozzle to
ensure disengagement of the rollers and the locking clamps, as well
as to ensure the entrance of the plunger into the chamber under the
action of the force of the compressing elastic body.
In order to ensure reliability of the device operation and for the
sake of simplicity, it is preferrable to make the compressing
elastic body in the form of a compression coil spring.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For further details of the invention, reference may be made to the
drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 schematically shows the method of injecting liquid into soil
in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a general sectional view of a device for accomplishing
the method according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view taken in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV--IV in FIG.
2;
FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4, at the beginning of the
downward stroke of the plunger;
FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a nozzle with a valve.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The method of introducing liquid into the root zone of plants in
soil comprising the steps of: periodically accumulating liquid
inside a nozzle 1 (FIG. 1) disposed above the soil surface;
periodically accumulating energy in means transmitting a force to
deliver an impact to the liquid; subsequent periodical injection of
the liquid into the root zone (2) of plants in a form of a
high-speed pulse jet (3) developed under the action of the impact.
The pressure generated at the moment of impact upon the liquid
surface, in this case, may be from 1,000 to 3,500 atm depending on
breed of plants, kind of soils and the required depth of
injection.
A device for injecting liquid into the root zone of plants under a
high pulse pressure comprises a cylinder 4 with an outlet nozzle 1
(FIG. 2) attached to the lower portion of the cylinder. Also in the
lower portion of the cylinder 4 there is provided a chamber 5. This
chamber 5 is adjoined to the upper portion of the nozzle 1 and
provided for periodical accumulation of liquid. A valve 6 is
positioned in the nozzle, the valve preventing premature
discharging of liquid from the chamber 5. Liquid is supplied to the
chamber from a tank 7 through pipelines 8 and 9 and a non-return
valve 10 preventing returning of liquid back to the tank 7. A cock
11 in inserted in the pipeline 9, which cock is adapted to control
the rate of admission of liquid into the chamber 5. A plunger 12 is
disposed in the cylinder 4, the plunger being capable of
reciprocation for periodical entrance into the chamber 5 and
transmission of an impact to the liquid accumulated in the chamber.
The device is provided with means for ensuring reciprocation of the
plunger 12 and with force transmitting means. The latter comprise a
compression coil spring 13 which is rested by one end upon a
plunger and by the other end upon an adjusting stop 14 screwed into
the cylinder 4. This adjusting stop 14 makes it possible to control
a force of the spring 13. A change in a force of the spring results
in a change of energy used to accelerate the plunger 12 and to
transmit an impact to the liquid.
Means for providing reciprocation of the plunger 12 comprise an
elongated bar 15 having a projection 16 at one end, the projection
being adapted to support a spring 17 embracing the bar. The other
end of the spring 17 rests upon an adjusting stop 18 screwed into
the cylinder 4. This stop 17 is adapted to control a force of the
spring 18. The other end of the bar is rigidly connected to a
traverse member 19. A cylinder 20 of an internal combustion engine
21 is mounted on the traverse element 19. Mounted coaxially with
the cylinder 20 is a piston 23 of the internal combustion engine,
the piston being mounted on a stationary plate 22. The internal
combustion engine is adapted to provide the upward movement of the
traverse member and other parts associated therewith. The downward
movement of the traverse member and the associated parts is
effected under the action of gravity and with the aid of the force
of the spring 17. The role of the spring 17 grows at a tilted
position of the device, when the effect of gravity of the traverse
member and of the parts associated therewith on the downward
movement thereof decreases. A power cylinder 24 with a stem 25 is
secured to the stationary plate 22. This cylinder is adapted for
the initial starting of operation of the device, i.e. to perform
the initial lifting of the traverse member 19.
The upper end of the bar 15 (FIG. 3) is bent, a rod 26 being
connected to the bent end of the bar. Rollers 27 engaging with a
locking clamp 28 which is rigidly connected to the plunger 12 (FIG.
4) are pivotally mounted on the free end of the rod 26.
Welded to the cylinder 4 are plates 29 with holes 30 drilled
therein. These holes are used for securing wedge-shaped projections
31 to the plates 29, the chamfers of these wedge-like projections
being directed outwardly of the traverse member towards the nozzle.
The wedge-shaped projections 31 are intended to adjust a height
corresponding to the moment when the rollers 27 are disengaged from
the locking clamp, whereby the plunger starts its downward stroke
(the moemnt of disengagement is shown in FIG. 5).
The adjustment of a height of release of the plunger 12 is effected
by moving the projections 31 along the plates 29 and securing them
through different holes 30.
The valve 6 inserted into the nozzle 1 and adapted to prevent
premature discharging of liquid from the nozzle is shown in more
detail in FIG. 6. The valve comprises a valve body 32 which is
spring-loaded by means of a spring 33 rested at one end upon the
valve body and at the other end -- upon a stop 34 screwed into the
nozzle 1. The stop 34 is provided with an opening 35 allowing the
movement of the shank 36 of the valve body therethrough. In order
to prevent rotation of the valve body 32 about the horizontal axes,
the opening 35 and the shank 36 have a square cross-section.
The device according to the invention functions as follows. At the
beginning of the cycle the power cylinder 24 is activated, whereby
the stem 25 thereof comes into contact with the traverse member 19
raising it upwardly. At this moment the rollers 27 pivotally
mounted on the rod 26 are in engagement with the locking clamp 28
of the plunger 12. The latter is moving up together with the rods
26, 15 and the traverse member 19, the springs 13 and 17 being
compressed during this upward movement. As the plunger 12 raises,
the liquid in the tank 7 is fed to the chamber 5 adjacent the
nozzle 1. The rate of admission of liquid is adjusted by means of
the cock 11 and is chosen so that at the moment, when the plunger
begins its downward stroke, a predetermined space is defined
between the end face of the plunger and the surface of the liquid.
Liquid cannot flow out of the nozzle, as the outlet opening of the
nozzle is closed by the valve body of the valve 6.
As the rollers 27 are moving upwardly, they ride upon the
wedge-shaped projections 31 and are gradually disengaged from the
locking clamp 28 (FIG. 5). When this occurs, the rod 26 is rotated
about its pivot relative to the bar 15. With the rollers disengaged
from the locking clamp 28, the plunger 12 instantly moves down
under the action of the spring 10 thus transmitting an impact to
the liquid contained in the chamber 5. Under the action of pressure
of the liquid upon the chamfered surface of the valve body 32, the
latter will be displaced, whereby the liquid is permitted to flow
out of the nozzle in the form of a high-speed pulse jet. When the
whole charge of the liquid is exhausted, the valve body will be
returned to its original position by means of the spring 33,
thereby closing the outlet opening of the nozzle.
Upon disengagement of the rollers 27 from the locking clamp 28, the
rods 15 and 26 together with the traverse 19 and the internal
combustion engine 21 fall down under the action of gravity and the
force of the spring 17. At this moment, the stem 25 of the power
cylinder 24 is disengaged, whereby the power cylinder does not take
part in the subsequent operation of the device. It should be noted
that the spring 17 ensures the movement of the above-mentioned
parts towards the locking clamp 28 of the plunger 12 at any
position of the device (vertical, inclined or horizontal). At the
extreme lower position the rollers again will come into engagement
with the locking clamp 28, while the plunger 23 enters the cylinder
20 of the internal combustion engine 21.
When the piston 23 enters the cylinder 20 of the internal
combustion engine, this causes the compression of the air in the
cylinder, and at this moment fuel is injected into the cylinder.
Under the action of pressure of gases formed upon combustion of the
fuel, the cylinder 20 of the internal combustion engine moves
upwards together with the traverse member 19 and the bars 15 and
26. The plunger 12, the locking clamp 28 of which is engaged with
the rollers 27, also will be raised.
At the moment of disengagement of the rollers from the locking
clamp 28, the plunger 12, the traverse member 19 and the parts
associated therewith again will fall down, whereby the cycle is
repeated.
* * * * *